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  • BlitzMax - generating 2D neon glowing line effect to png file

    - by zanlok
    Originally asked on StackOverflow, but it became tumbleweed. I'm looking to create a glowing line effect in BlitzMax, something like a Star Wars lightsaber or laserbeam. Doesn't have to be realtime, but just to TImage objects and then maybe saved to PNG for later use in animation. I'm happy to use 3D features, but it will be for use in a 2D game. Since it will be on black/space background, my strategy is to draw a series of white blurred lines with color and high transparency, then eventually central lines less blurred and more white. What I want to draw is actually bezier curved lines. Drawing curved lines is easy enough, but I can't use the technique above to create a good laser/neon effect because it comes out looking very segmented. So, I think it may be better to use a blur effect/shader on what does render well, which is a 1-pixel bezier curve. The problems I've been having are: Applying a shader to just a certain area of the screen where lines are drawn. If there's a way to do draw lines to a texture and then blur that texture and save the png, that would be great to hear about. There's got to be a way to do this, but I just haven't gotten the right elements working together yet. Any help from someone familiar with this stuff would be greatly appreciated. Using just 2D calls could be advantageous, simpler to understand and re-use. It would be very nice to know how to save a PNG that preserves the transparency/alpha stuff. p.s. I've reviewed this post (and many many others on the Blitz site), have samples working, and even developed my own 5x5 frag shaders. But, it's 3D and a scene-wide thing that doesn't seem to convert to 2D or just a certain area very well. I'd rather understand how to apply shading to a 2D scene, especially using the specifics of BlitzMax.

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  • 2D game editor with SDK or open format (Windows)

    - by Edward83
    I need 2d editor (Windows) for game like rpg. Mostly important features for me: Load tiles as classes with attributes, for example "tile1 with coordinates [25,30] is object of class FlyingMonster with speed=1.0f"; Export map to my own format (SDK) or open format which I can convert to my own; As good extension feature will be multi-tile brush. I wanna to choose one or many tiles into one brush and spread it on canvas.

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  • Sony PSM SDK's 2D game engine

    - by Notbad
    I have started with the Sony PSM SDK this week, I'm interested in creating a little 2D game and have been reading through the web about a so called "2D game engine" integrated into the SDK. Some information I read suggested that it was added on January 2012, but I have been going through the documentation and haven't been able to find any reference to it. Does anybody know if they finally introduced the 2D game engine for the PSM SDK? Thanks in advance.

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  • How to get GameElements (RigidBody) size in Unity

    - by Shivan Dragon
    I've made a prefab consisting of a Cube which I've first scaled to more resemble a brick. There's also a Rigidbody added to the cube (in the prefab). Now I want to use that prefab in a c# script to make a wall out of multiple bricks. My question is, how can I access the dimensions of my brick (width, height, the z dimension size) so that in my script I can make bricks which are placed one next to the other (and then one on top of the other)? I've looked at the documentation for GameObject and Rigidbody but I can't find anything helpful. Just for refference, my script so far is: public GameObject brick; void Start () { Instantiate(this.brick, new Vector3(0.01326297f, -30.07855f, 100f), Quaternion.identity); // int brickWidth = this.brick.????; }

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  • [JOGL] My program is too slow, how can I profile with Eclipse?

    - by nkint
    My simple opengl program is really toooo slow and not fluid. I'm rendering 30 sphere with simple illumination and simple materials. The only complex computing stuff I do is a collision detection between ray-mouse and spheres (that works ok and i do it only in mouseMoved) I'm not using any threads, just an animator to move spheres. How can I profile my jogl project? Or maybe (most probable...) I have some opengl instructions that I don't understand and make render particular accurate (or back face rendering that I don't need or whatever I don't know exactly I'm just entering the opengl world)

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  • Clipping polygons in XNA with stencil (not using spritebatch)

    - by Blau
    The problem... i'm drawing polygons, in this case boxes, and i want clip children polygons with its parent's client area. // Class Region public void Render(GraphicsDevice Device, Camera Camera) { int StencilLevel = 0; Device.Clear( ClearOptions.Stencil, Vector4.Zero, 0, StencilLevel ); Render( Device, Camera, StencilLevel ); } private void Render(GraphicsDevice Device, Camera Camera, int StencilLevel) { Device.SamplerStates[0] = this.SamplerState; Device.Textures[0] = this.Texture; Device.RasterizerState = RasterizerState.CullNone; Device.BlendState = BlendState.AlphaBlend; Device.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default; Effect.Prepare(this, Camera ); Device.DepthStencilState = GlobalContext.GraphicsStates.IncMask; Device.ReferenceStencil = StencilLevel; foreach ( EffectPass pass in Effect.Techniques[Technique].Passes ) { pass.Apply( ); Device.DrawUserIndexedPrimitives<VertexPositionColorTexture>( PrimitiveType.TriangleList, VertexData, 0, VertexData.Length, IndexData, 0, PrimitiveCount ); } foreach ( Region child in ChildrenRegions ) { child.Render( Device, Camera, StencilLevel + 1 ); } Effect.Prepare( this, Camera ); // This does not works Device.BlendState = GlobalContext.GraphicsStates.NoWriteColor; Device.DepthStencilState = GlobalContext.GraphicsStates.DecMask; Device.ReferenceStencil = StencilLevel; // This should be +1, but in that case the last drrawed is blue and overlap all foreach ( EffectPass pass in Effect.Techniques[Technique].Passes ) { pass.Apply( ); Device.DrawUserIndexedPrimitives<VertexPositionColorTexture>( PrimitiveType.TriangleList, VertexData, 0, VertexData.Length, IndexData, 0, PrimitiveCount ); } } public static class GraphicsStates { public static BlendState NoWriteColor = new BlendState( ) { ColorSourceBlend = Blend.One, AlphaSourceBlend = Blend.One, ColorDestinationBlend = Blend.InverseSourceAlpha, AlphaDestinationBlend = Blend.InverseSourceAlpha, ColorWriteChannels1 = ColorWriteChannels.None }; public static DepthStencilState IncMask = new DepthStencilState( ) { StencilEnable = true, StencilFunction = CompareFunction.Equal, StencilPass = StencilOperation.IncrementSaturation, }; public static DepthStencilState DecMask = new DepthStencilState( ) { StencilEnable = true, StencilFunction = CompareFunction.Equal, StencilPass = StencilOperation.DecrementSaturation, }; } How can achieve this? EDIT: I've just relized that the NoWriteColors.ColorWriteChannels1 should be NoWriteColors.ColorWriteChannels. :) Now it's clipping right. Any other approach?

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  • How to Handle frame rates and synchronizing screen repaints

    - by David Kroukamp
    I would first off say sorry if the title is worded incorrectly. Okay now let me give the scenario I'm creating a 2 player fighting game, An average battle will include a Map (moving/still) and 2 characters (which are rendered by redrawing a varying amount of sprites one after the other). Now at the moment I have a single game loop limiting me to a set number of frames per second (using Java): Timer timer = new Timer(0, new AbstractAction() { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { long beginTime; //The time when the cycle begun long timeDiff; //The time it took for the cycle to execute int sleepTime; //ms to sleep (< 0 if we're behind) int fps = 1000 / 40; beginTime = System.nanoTime() / 1000000; //execute loop to update check collisions and draw gameLoop(); //Calculate how long did the cycle take timeDiff = System.nanoTime() / 1000000 - beginTime; //Calculate sleep time sleepTime = fps - (int) (timeDiff); if (sleepTime > 0) {//If sleepTime > 0 we're OK ((Timer)e.getSource()).setDelay(sleepTime); } } }); timer.start(); in gameLoop() characters are drawn to the screen ( a character holds an array of images which consists of their current sprites) every gameLoop() call will change the characters current sprite to the next and loop if the end is reached. But as you can imagine if a sprite is only 3 images in length than calling gameLoop() 40 times will cause the characters movement to be drawn 40/3=13 times. This causes a few minor anomilies in the sprited for some charcters So my question is how would I go about delivering a set amount of frames per second in when I have 2 characters on screen with varying amount of sprites?

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  • Omni-directional shadow mapping

    - by gridzbi
    What is a good/the best way to fill a cube map with depth values that are going to give me the least amount of trouble with floating point imprecision? To get up and running I'm just writing the raw depth to the buffer, as you can imagine it's pretty terrible - I need to to improve it, but I'm not sure how. A few tutorials on directional lights divide the depth by W and store the Z/W value in the cube map - How would I perform the depth comparison in my shadow mapping step? The nvidia article here http://http.developer.nvidia.com/GPUGems/gpugems_ch12.html appears to do something completely different and use the dot of the light vector, presumably to counter the depth precision worsening over distance? He also scales the geometry so that it fits into the range -.5 +.5 - The article looks a bit dated, though - is this technique still reasonable? Shader code http://pastebin.com/kNBzX4xU Screenshot http://imgur.com/54wFI

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  • Ios Game with many animated Nodes,performance issues

    - by user31929
    I'm working in a large map upside-down game(not tiled map),the map i use is a city. I have to insert many node to create the "life of the city",something like people that cross the streets,cars,etc... Some of this characters are involved in physics and game logic but others are only graphic characters. For what i know the only way i can achive this result is to create each character node with or without physic body and animate each character with a texture atlas. In this way i think that i'll have many performance problems, (the characters will be something like 100/150) even if i'll apply all the performance tips that i know... My question is: with large numbers of characters there another programming pattern that i must follow ? What is the approch of game like simcity,simpsons tapped out for ios,etc... that have so many animation at the same time?

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  • Orthographic Zooming with 0,0 at top/left

    - by Sean M.
    I'm trying to implement zooming on my 2D game. Since it's using orthographic projection, I thought it would be easy to implement zooming. After looking around the internet, I found a bunch of explanations and samples on how to do this if (0,0) is the center of the screen with the orthographic projection. The problem is, my ortho projection has (0,0) at the top-left (similar to XNA/Monogame, and a couple others). I could not find any examples about how to implement zooming to the center of the screen when the center is not (0,0). And help/links/code examples would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Rotating a view of a chunked 2d tilemap

    - by Danie Clawson
    I'm working on a top-down (oblique) tile-based engine. I would like for the tiles to have a definable height in the world, with Characters being occluded by them, etc. This has led to a desire to be able to "rotate" the view of the world, even though I'm using all hand-drawn graphics and blitting. Therefor, I need to rotate the actual world itself, or change how the Camera traverses these arrays. How can, or should, I create individual rotations of 90 degrees, when I have multi-dimensional arrays? Is it faster to actually rotate the array, to access it differently, or to create pre-computed accessor(?) arrays, something like how my chunks work? How can I rotate an individual chunk, or set of chunks? Currently I establish my tile grid like this (tile height not included): function Surface(WIDTH, HEIGHT) { WIDTH = Math.max(WIDTH-(WIDTH%TPC), TPC); HEIGHT = Math.max(HEIGHT-(HEIGHT%TPC), TPC); this.tiles = []; this.chunks = []; //Establish tiles for(var x = 0; x < WIDTH; x++) { var col = [], ch_x = Math.floor(x/TPC); if(!this.chunks[ch_x]) this.chunks.push([]); for(var y = 0; y < HEIGHT; y++) { var tile = new Tile(x, y), ch_y = Math.floor(y/TPC); if(!this.chunks[ch_x][ch_y]) this.chunks[ch_x].push([]); this.chunks[ch_x][ch_y].push(tile); col.push(tile); } this.tiles.push(col); } }; Even some basic advice on my data struct would be much appreciated.

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  • Converting from different handedness coordinate systems

    - by SirYakalot
    I am currently porting a demo from XNA to DirectX which, as I understand it, both have coordinate systems with different handednesses. What are the things I need to bare in mind when converting between the two? I understand not everything needs to be changed. Also I notice that many of the 3D maths functions in some of the direct3D libraries have right handed and left handed alternatives. Would it be better to just use these?

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  • Game Engines with real time lighting

    - by Maik Klein
    I am studying computer graphics since 3 semesters and we just started with OpenGL. I really enjoy it and want to create my own little engine for learning purposes. I already read tons of different forum posts and saw the following engines. Panda3d, Ogre3d, NeoAxis, Irrlicht and Horde3d(graphics only). Now I don't want to use something like Unity or CryEngine because I want to start more low level. Which of those engines is suited for real-time rendering? Something that CryEngine offers - no baked lightmaps. Or at least gives me the option to add a real-time renderer?

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  • Libgdx Box2d createfixture crashes vm intermittently

    - by user45021
    I have a hard to debug problem. I have a Box2D game which creates a wheeled vehicle. I want the vehicle body to reflect when it goes from moving left to moving right. to do this i set a flag in a changelistener on a button and then in update method i destroy and recreate the body facing the other way. it works fine most of the time but if i flip the vehicle several times quickly JVM crashes. no errors nothing in log. i added system.out.prints and the errors occur in the routine that instantiates the new body and before anything gets deleted/removed so i don't think the UI is trying to access null pointers. and if it was it should throw an error. M the crash seems to be at createFixture statements. but the work most of the first time. I tried debugging but the error doesn't happen much when the flips are slow. in any case createFixture drops fairly quickly into jni. Is this a Box2D bug? Is GC the issue? From Mission Control I see the GC is collecting on a period of ooh maybe 5s and flipping slower than that mostly works. how do i debug this? i am win7 64bit with 64bit at and jdk7 64bit. libgdx-0.9.9 and sometimes libgdx-nightly-20140215.

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  • Resolution independent physics

    - by user46877
    I'm making a game like Doodlejump but don't know how to make the physics scale on multiple resolutions. I also can't find anything related to this on Google. Right now I'm scaling the game using letterboxing and tested scaling the jump height with this code: gravity = graphics.getHeight() * 0.001f; jumpVel = graphics.getHeight() * -0.04f; ... velY += gravity; y += velY; But if I test this on my smartphone or emulator with different resolutions, I always get a slightly different jump height. I know that Farseer is resolution independent. How can I replicate this in my game? Thanks in advance.

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  • How to create water like in new super mario bros?

    - by user1103457
    I assume the water in New super mario bros works the same as in the first part of this tutorial: http://gamedev.tutsplus.com/tutorials/implementation/make-a-splash-with-2d-water-effects/ But in new super mario bros the water also has constant waves on the surface, and the splashes look very different. What's also a difference is that in the tutorial, if you create a splash, it first creates a deep "hole" in the water at the origin of the splash. In new super mario bros this hole is absent or much smaller. When I refer to the splashes in new super mario bros I am referring to the splashes that the player creates when jumping in and out of the water. For reference you could use this video: http://www.ign.com/videos/2012/11/17/new-super-mario-bros-u-3-star-coin-walkthrough-sparkling-waters-1-waterspout-beach just after 00:50, when the camera isn't moving you can get a good look at the water and the constant waves. there are also some good examples of the splashes during that time. How do they create the constant waves and the splashes? I am programming in XNA. (I have tried this myself but couldn't really get it all to work well together) (and as bonus questions: how do they create the light spots just under the surface of the waves, and how do they texture the deeper parts of the water? This is the first time I try to create water like this.)

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  • Creating predefinied camera views - How do I move the camera to make sense while using Controller?

    - by Deukalion
    I'm trying to understand 3D but the one thing I can't seem to understand is the Camera. Right now I'm rendering four 3D Cubes with textures and I set the Project Matrix: public BasicCamera3D(float fieldOfView, float aspectRatio, float clipStart, float clipEnd, Vector3 cameraPosition, Vector3 cameraLookAt) { projection_fieldOfView = MathHelper.ToRadians(fieldOfView); projection_aspectRatio = aspectRatio; projection_clipstart = clipStart; projection_clipend = clipEnd; matrix_projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(projection_fieldOfView, aspectRatio, clipStart, clipEnd); view_cameraposition = cameraPosition; view_cameralookat = cameraLookAt; matrix_view = Matrix.CreateLookAt(cameraPosition, cameraLookAt, Vector3.Up); } BasicCamera3D gameCamera = new BasicCamera3D(45f, GraphicsDevice.Viewport.AspectRatio, 1.0f, 1000f, new Vector3(0, 0, 8), new Vector3(0, 0, 0)); This creates a sort of "Top-Down" camera, with 8 (still don't get the unit type here - it's not pixels I guess?) But, if I try to position the camera at the side to make "Side-View" or "Reverse Side View" camera, the camera is rotating to much until it's turned around it a couple of times. I render the boxes at: new Vector3(-1, 0, 0) new Vector3(0, 0, 0) new Vector3(1, 0, 0) new Vector3(1, 0, 1) and with the Top-Down camera it shows good, but I don't get how I can make the camera show the side or 45 degrees from top (Like 3rd person action games) because the logic doesn't make sense. Also, since every object you render needs a new BasicEffect with a new projection/view/world - can you still use the "same" camera always so you don't have to create a new View/Matrix and such for each object. It's seems weird. If someone could help me get the camera to navigate around my objects "naturally" so I can be able to set a few predtermined views to choose from it would be really helpful. Are there some sort of algorithm to calculate the view for this and perhaps not simply one value? Examples: Top-Down-View: I have an object at 0, 0, 0 when I turn the right stick on the Xbox 360 Controller it should rotate around that object kind of, not flip and turn upside down, disappear and then magically appear as a tiny dot somewhere I have no clue where it is like it feels like it does now. Side-View: I have an object at 0, 0, 0 when I rotate to sides or up and down, the camera should be able to show a little more of the periphery to each side (depending on which you look at), and the same while moving up or down.

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  • Panning with the OpenGL Camera / View Matrix

    - by Pris
    I'm gonna try this again I've been trying to setup a simple camera class with OpenGL but I'm completely lost and I've made zero progress creating anything useful. I'm using modern OpenGL and the glm library for matrix math. To get the most basic thing I can think of down, I'd like to pan an arbitrarily positioned camera around. That means move it along its own Up and Side axes. Here's a picture of a randomly positioned camera looking at an object: It should be clear what the Up (Green) and Side (Red) vectors on the camera are. Even though the picture shows otherwise, assume that the Model matrix is just the identity matrix. Here's what I do to try and get it to work: Step 1: Create my View/Camera matrix (going to refer to it as the View matrix from now on) using glm::lookAt(). Step 2: Capture mouse X and Y positions. Step 3: Create a translation matrix mapping changes in the X mouse position to the camera's Side vector, and mapping changes in the Y mouse position to the camera's Up vector. I get the Side vector from the first column of the View matrix. I get the Up vector from the second column of the View matrix. Step 4: Apply the translation: viewMatrix = glm::translate(viewMatrix,translationVector); But this doesn't work. I see that the mouse movement is mapped to some kind of perpendicular axes, but they're definitely not moving as you'd expect with respect to the camera. Could someone please explain what I'm doing wrong and point me in the right direction with this camera stuff?

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  • Setting up cube map texture parameters in OpenGL

    - by KaiserJohaan
    I see alot of tutorials and sources use the following code snippet when defining each face of a cube map: for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + i, 0, InternalFormat, size, size, 0, Format, Type, NULL); Is it safe to assume GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + i will properly iterate the following cube map targets, GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_X, GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Y, GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Y etc?

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  • Can't load vector font in Nuclex Framework

    - by ProgrammerAtWork
    I've been trying to get this to work for the last 2 hours and I'm not getting what I'm doing wrong... I've added Nuclex.TrueTypeImporter to my references in my content and I've added Nuclex.Fonts & Nuclex.Graphics in my main project. I've put Arial-24-Vector.spritefont & Lindsey.spritefont in the root of my content directory. _spriteFont = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("Lindsey"); // works _testFont = Content.Load<VectorFont>("Arial-24-Vector"); // crashes I get this error on the _testFont line: File contains Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.SpriteFont but trying to load as Nuclex.Fonts.VectorFont. So I've searched around and by the looks of it it has something to do with the content importer & the content processor. For the content importer I have no new choices, so I leave it as it is, Sprite Font Description - XNA Framework for content processor and I select Vector Font - Nuclex Framework And then I try to run it. _testFont = Content.Load<VectorFont>("Arial-24-Vector"); // crashes again I get the following error Error loading "Arial-24-Vector". It does work if I load a sprite, so it's not a pathing problem. I've checked the samples, they do work, but I think they also use a different version of the XNA framework because in my version the "Content" class starts with a capital letter. I'm at a loss, so I ask here. Edit: Something super weird is going on. I've just added the following two lines to a method inside FreeTypeFontProcessor::FreeTypeFontProcessor( Microsoft::Xna::Framework::Content::Pipeline::Graphics::FontDescription ^fontDescription, FontHinter hinter, just to check if code would even get there: System::Console::WriteLine("I AM HEEREEE"); System::Console::ReadLine(); So, I compile it, put it in my project, I run it and... it works! What the hell?? This is weird because I've downloaded the binaries, they didn't work, I've compiled the binaries myself. didn't work either, but now I make a small change to the code and it works? _. So, now I remove the two lines, compile it again and it works again. Someone care to elaborate what is going on? Probably some weird caching problem!

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  • Huge procedurally generated 'wilderness' worlds

    - by The Communist Duck
    Hi. I'm sure you all know of games like Dwarf Fortress - massive, procedural generated wilderness and land. Something like this, taken from this very useful article. However, I was wondering how I could apply this to a much larger scale; the scale of Minecraft comes to mind (isn't that something like 8x the size of the Earth's surface?). Pseudo-infinite, I think the best term would be. The article talks about fractal perlin noise. I am no way an expert on it, but I get the general idea (it's some kind of randomly generated noise which is semi-coherent, so not just random pixel values). I could just define regions X by X in size, add some region loading type stuff, and have one bit of noise generating a region. But this would result in just huge amounts of islands. On the other extreme, I don't think I can really generate a supermassive sheet of perlin noise. And it would just be one big island, I think. I am pretty sure Perlin noise, or some noise, would be the answer in some way. I mean, the map is really nice looking. And you could replace the ascii with tiles, and get something very nice looking. Anyone have any ideas? Thanks. :D -TheCommieDuck

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  • OpenGL - Calculating camera view matrix

    - by Karle
    Problem I am calculating the model, view and projection matrices independently to be used in my shader as follows: gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(in_Position, 1.0); When I try to calculate my camera's view matrix the Z axis is flipped and my camera seems like it is looking backwards. My program is written in C# using the OpenTK library. Translation (Working) I've created a test scene as follows: From my understanding of the OpenGL coordinate system they are positioned correctly. The model matrix is created using: Matrix4 translation = Matrix4.CreateTranslation(modelPosition); Matrix4 model = translation; The view matrix is created using: Matrix4 translation = Matrix4.CreateTranslation(-cameraPosition); Matrix4 view = translation; Rotation (Not-Working) I now want to create the camera's rotation matrix. To do this I use the camera's right, up and forward vectors: // Hard coded example orientation: // Normally calculated from up and forward // Similar to look-at camera. Vector3 r = Vector.UnitX; Vector3 u = Vector3.UnitY; Vector3 f = -Vector3.UnitZ; Matrix4 rot = new Matrix4( r.X, r.Y, r.Z, 0, u.X, u.Y, u.Z, 0, f.X, f.Y, f.Z, 0, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); This results in the following matrix being created: I know that multiplying by the identity matrix would produce no rotation. This is clearly not the identity matrix and therefore will apply some rotation. I thought that because this is aligned with the OpenGL coordinate system is should produce no rotation. Is this the wrong way to calculate the rotation matrix? I then create my view matrix as: // OpenTK is row-major so the order of operations is reversed: Matrix4 view = translation * rot; Rotation almost works now but the -Z/+Z axis has been flipped, with the green cube now appearing closer to the camera. It seems like the camera is looking backwards, especially if I move it around. My goal is to store the position and orientation of all objects (including the camera) as: Vector3 position; Vector3 up; Vector3 forward; Apologies for writing such a long question and thank you in advance. I've tried following tutorials/guides from many sites but I keep ending up with something wrong. Edit: Projection Matrix Set-up Matrix4 projection = Matrix4.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView( (float)(0.5 * Math.PI), (float)display.Width / display.Height, 0.1f, 1000.0f);

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  • What is a better abstraction layer for D3D9 and OpenGL vertex data management?

    - by Sam Hocevar
    My rendering code has always been OpenGL. I now need to support a platform that does not have OpenGL, so I have to add an abstraction layer that wraps OpenGL and Direct3D 9. I will support Direct3D 11 later. TL;DR: the differences between OpenGL and Direct3D cause redundancy for the programmer, and the data layout feels flaky. For now, my API works a bit like this. This is how a shader is created: Shader *shader = Shader::Create( " ... GLSL vertex shader ... ", " ... GLSL pixel shader ... ", " ... HLSL vertex shader ... ", " ... HLSL pixel shader ... "); ShaderAttrib a1 = shader->GetAttribLocation("Point", VertexUsage::Position, 0); ShaderAttrib a2 = shader->GetAttribLocation("TexCoord", VertexUsage::TexCoord, 0); ShaderAttrib a3 = shader->GetAttribLocation("Data", VertexUsage::TexCoord, 1); ShaderUniform u1 = shader->GetUniformLocation("WorldMatrix"); ShaderUniform u2 = shader->GetUniformLocation("Zoom"); There is already a problem here: once a Direct3D shader is compiled, there is no way to query an input attribute by its name; apparently only the semantics stay meaningful. This is why GetAttribLocation has these extra arguments, which get hidden in ShaderAttrib. Now this is how I create a vertex declaration and two vertex buffers: VertexDeclaration *decl = VertexDeclaration::Create( VertexStream<vec3,vec2>(VertexUsage::Position, 0, VertexUsage::TexCoord, 0), VertexStream<vec4>(VertexUsage::TexCoord, 1)); VertexBuffer *vb1 = new VertexBuffer(NUM * (sizeof(vec3) + sizeof(vec2)); VertexBuffer *vb2 = new VertexBuffer(NUM * sizeof(vec4)); Another problem: the information VertexUsage::Position, 0 is totally useless to the OpenGL/GLSL backend because it does not care about semantics. Once the vertex buffers have been filled with or pointed at data, this is the rendering code: shader->Bind(); shader->SetUniform(u1, GetWorldMatrix()); shader->SetUniform(u2, blah); decl->Bind(); decl->SetStream(vb1, a1, a2); decl->SetStream(vb2, a3); decl->DrawPrimitives(VertexPrimitive::Triangle, NUM / 3); decl->Unbind(); shader->Unbind(); You see that decl is a bit more than just a D3D-like vertex declaration, it kinda takes care of rendering as well. Does this make sense at all? What would be a cleaner design? Or a good source of inspiration?

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  • Low-level GPU code and Shader Compilation

    - by ktodisco
    Bear with me, because I will raise several questions at once. I still feel, though, that overall this can be treated as one question that may be answered succinctly. I recently dove into solidifying my understanding of the assembly language, low-level memory operations, CPU structure, and program optimizations. This also sparked my interest in how higher-level shading languages, GLSL and HLSL in particular, are compiled and optimized, as well as what formats they are reduced to before machine code is generated (assuming they are not converted directly into machine code). After a bit of research into this, the best resource I've found is this presentation from ATI about the compilation of and optimizations for HLSL. I also found sample ARB assembly code. This sort of addressed my original curiosity, but it raised several other questions. The assembler code in the ATI presentation seems like it contains instructions specifically targeted for the GPU, but is this merely a hypothetical example created for the purpose of conceptual understanding, or is this code really generated during shader compilation? If so, is it possible to inspect it, or even write it in place of the higher-level syntax? My initial searches for an answer to the last question tell me that this may be disallowed, but I have not dug too deep yet. Also, along the same lines, are GLSL shader programs compiled into ARB assembly code before machine code is generated, and is it possible to write direct ARB assembly? Lastly, and perhaps what I am most interested in finding out: are there comprehensive resources on shader compilation and low-level GPU code? I have been unable to find any thus far. I ask simply because I am curious :)

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  • How do people get around the Carmack's Reverse patent?

    - by Rei Miyasaka
    Apparently, Creative has a patent on Carmack's Reverse, and they successfully forced Id to modify their techniques for the source drop, as well as to include EAX in Doom 3. But Carmack's Reverse is discussed quite often and apparently it's a good choice for deferred shading, so it's presumably used in a lot of other high-budget productions too. Even though it's unlikely that Creative would go after smaller companies, I'm wondering how the bigger studios get around this problem. Do they just cross their fingers and hope Creative doesn't troll them, or do they just not use Carmack's Reverse at all?

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