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  • Adding interactive graphical elements to text-based browser game with HTML5

    - by st9
    I'm re-writing an old virtual world/browser based game. It is text and HTML form based with some static graphics. The client is HTML and JS. I want to introduce some interactive graphical elements to certain parts of the game, for example a 'customise character' page, with hooks to server side and local data storage. I want to use HTML5/JS, what is the best approach to designing the web-site? For example could I use Boilerplate and then embed these interactive elements in the page? Thanks

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  • How does a segment based rendering engine work?

    - by Calmarius
    As far as I know Descent was one of the first games that featured a fully 3D environment, and it used a segment based rendering engine. Its levels are built from cubic segments (these cubes may be deformed as long as it remains convex and sides remain roughly flat). These cubes are connected by their sides. The connected sides are traversable (maybe doors or grids can be placed on these sides), while the unconnected sides are not traversable walls. So the game is played inside of this complex. Descent was software rendered and it had to be very fast, to be playable on those 10-100MHz processors of that age. Some latter levels of the game are huge and contain thousands of segments, but these levels are still rendered reasonably fast. So I think they tried to minimize the amount of cubes rendered somehow. How to choose which cubes to render for a given location? As far as I know they used a kind of portal rendering, but I couldn't find what was the technique used in this particular kind of engine. I think the fact that the levels are built from convex quadrilateral hexahedrons can be exploited.

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  • In a Tower defense game, how to do buffs/debuffs

    - by Gabe
    The question is at the very bottom. If you understand Buffs/Debuffs in tower defense games then you should skip the bulk of this question and go to the bottom (seperated with the long line) I plan on making an IPhone TD game. The fact that its an iPhone game isn't relevant but I am coding in Objective-c with Cocos2D. I am relatively inexperienced in the field of game design so I'm looking for some advice from someone experienced in this field. In tower defense, there are two things that are relevant to my question: towers/enemies (both have their own classes/children). They each have stats like hp, damage, speed, etc. I want to add buffs/defuffs, for instance: Towers A,B and C each have 15 base damage. Tower D would be a buff tower with no damage, a tower with an AOE(area of effect) aura that gives 10% damage to all towers in range. Tower E might slow enemies in its AOE, a debuff. Stuff like that. The same could go for enemies. Enemy A is a boss that has a slow aura that affects towers and slows their base attack speed or something along those lines. So the question is, what would be the most effective way to implement this? If it was just towers then I would just mess around with the tower classes, but since tower classes and enemy classes are both affected, should I make a buff class? TD games can consume quite a bit of memory with large amounts of creeps and towers, and buffs I feel like would also consume quit a bit... So I'm trying to be as effective as possible.

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  • How important is Programming for a Level Designer?

    - by WryGrin
    I'm currently attending school in a Level Design program, and I was wondering how important programming really is in being a Level Designer? I'm apparently incapable of learning programming (despite my best efforts), and tend to do very well in all other courses 3D modelling, story/character design, narrative and dialogue writing, environmental and conceptual design etc. I'm wondering if my strengths in the other areas are enough (with practice) to let me become a Level Designer, or I'm wasting my time if I can't program? I really want to be a Designer, but I just can't seem to wrap my head around the "language" of programming in general (Java kicks my teeth in even with tutoring and additional work on my own).

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  • SpriteBatch.end() generating null pointer exception

    - by odaymichael
    I am getting a null pointer exception using libGDX that the debugger points as the SpriteBatch.end() line. I was wondering what would cause this. Here is the offending code block, specifically the batch.end() line: batch.begin(); for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) if (zoomgrid[i][j].getPiece().getImage() != null) zoomgrid[i][j].getPiece().getImage().draw(batch); batch.end(); The top of the stack is actually a line that calls lastTexture.bind(); In the flush() method of com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteBatch. I appreciate any input, let me know if I haven't included enough information.

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  • Convert rotation from Right handed System to left handed

    - by Hector Llanos
    I have Euler angles from a right handed system that I am trying to convert to a left handed system. All the information that I have read online says that to convert it simply multiply the axis and the angle in the correct order and it should work. In other words, Z * Y * X. When I do this what I see in Maya, and in engine still do not match up. This is what I have so far: static Quaternion ConvertToRightHand(Vector3 Euler) { Quaternion x = Quaternion.AngleAxis(-Euler.x, Vector3.right); Quaternion y = Quaternion.AngleAxis(Euler.y, Vector3.up); Quaternion z = Quaternion.AngleAxis(Euler.z, Vector3.forward); return (z * y * x); } Keeping the -Euler.x helps keep the object pointing up correctly, but when I pass ( 0,0,0) to face in the -z, it faces in the +z. Help :/

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  • FreeType2 Crash on FT_Init_FreeType

    - by JoeyDewd
    I'm currently trying to learn how to use the FreeType2 library for drawing fonts with OpenGL. However, when I start the program it immediately crashes with the following error: "(Can't correctly start the application (0xc000007b))" Commenting the FT_Init_FreeType removes the error and my game starts just fine. I'm wondering if it's my code or has something to do with loading the dll file. My code: #include "SpaceGame.h" #include <ft2build.h> #include FT_FREETYPE_H //Freetype test FT_Library library; Game::Game(int Width, int Height) { //Freetype FT_Error error = FT_Init_FreeType(&library); if(error) { cout << "Error occured during FT initialisation" << endl; } And my current use of the FreeType2 files. Inside my bin folder (where debug .exe is located) is: freetype6.dll, libfreetype.dll.a, libfreetype-6.dll. In Code::Blocks, I've linked to the lib and include folder of the FreeType 2.3.5.1 version. And included a compiler flag: -lfreetype My program starts perfectly fine if I comment out the FT_Init function which means the includes, and library files should be fine. I can't find a solution to my problem and google isn't helping me so any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • How to move the object around the screen

    - by Abhishek
    I am trying to move the object around the screen I try this code -(void) move { CGFloat upperLimit = mWinSize.height - (mGunda.contentSize.height / 2.0); CGFloat upperLimit1 = mWinSize.height; CGFloat lowerLimit = (mGunda.contentSize.height / 2.0); CGFloat RightLimit = mWinSize.width - (mGunda.contentSize.width/2.0); CGFloat Right = (mGunda.contentSize.width/2.0); if ( mImageGoingUpward ) { mGunda.position = ccp( mGunda.position.x, mGunda.position.y + 5); if ( mGunda.position.y >= upperLimit ) { mImageGoingUpward = NO; mHori = NO; } } else { mGunda.position = ccp( mGunda.position.x, mGunda.position.y - 5); if ( mGunda.position.y <= lowerLimit ) { mGunda.position = ccp(mGunda.position.x +5, lowerLimit); } if(mGunda.position.x >= RightLimit) { mGunda.position = ccp(mGunda.position.x, mGunda.position.y+10); mHori = YES; } if(mHori) { if(mGunda.position.y >= upperLimit) { mGunda.position = ccp(mGunda.position.x - 5,mGunda.position.y); } } } } } It move the object from bottom to top & top to bottom & bottom to right & right to right top of the screen here is problem I have got It not move to the right top to left side of screen this rotationis not happen. How can I do this

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  • Why are my 3ds Max .fbx exports huge?

    - by abracadabra1980
    I've made an animation in 3ds Max and want to export it to .fbx and import it into Unity. I've done this once without problems. But this time, my .max file is 2,8MB and my .fbx file came out a huge 630MB! There's nothing wrong with my model: I exported it from a Blender model (to .fbx) and imported it to 3ds max (converted it to an editable poly) to do my rigging and animation. As soon as I import some .bip animations, I get these huge files. Is there a safe way to get smaller file sizes? I don't mind redoing the rigging if I can solve this.

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  • Why do the order of uniforms gets changed by the compiler?

    - by Aybe
    I have the following shader, everything works fine when setting the value of one of the matrices but I've discovered that getting a value back is incorrect for View and Projection, they are in reverse order. #version 430 precision highp float; layout (location = 0) uniform mat4 Model; layout (location = 1) uniform mat4 View; layout (location = 2) uniform mat4 Projection; layout (location = 0) in vec3 in_position; layout (location = 1) in vec4 in_color; out vec4 out_color; void main(void) { gl_Position = Projection * View * Model * vec4(in_position, 1.0); out_color = in_color; } When querying their location they are effectively reversed, I did a small test by renaming View to Piew which puts it before Projection if sorted alphabetically and the order is correct. Now if I do remove layout (location = ...) from the uniforms, the problem disappears !? I am starting to think that this is a driver bug as explained in the wiki. Do you know why the order of the uniforms is changed whenever the shader is compiled ? (using an AMD HD7850)

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  • Can't click on a button with startDrag() active on stage

    - by Pedro
    I need to know how can I enable mouse click on a button when I have a MouseEvent listener for the stage. I have a MClip associated with the mouse cursor: Mouse.hide(); scope.startDrag(true); And an MouseEnvet on the stage: stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, FunctionXYZ); When I try to click on any button they don't assume the function that I create for those buttons... for example, button for fullscreen, exit, help, etc... Thank you very much. BR, Pedro

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  • HLSL Pixel Shader that does palette swap

    - by derrace
    I have implemented a simple pixel shader which can replace a particular colour in a sprite with another colour. It looks something like this: sampler input : register(s0); float4 PixelShaderFunction(float2 coords: TEXCOORD0) : COLOR0 { float4 colour = tex2D(input, coords); if(colour.r == sourceColours[0].r && colour.g == sourceColours[0].g && colour.b == sourceColours[0].b) return targetColours[0]; return colour; } What I would like to do is have the function take in 2 textures, a default table, and a lookup table (both same dimensions). Grab the current pixel, and find the location XY (coords) of the matching RGB in the default table, and then substitute it with the colour found in the lookup table at XY. I have figured how to pass the Textures from C# into the function, but I am not sure how to find the coords in the default table by matching the colour. Could someone kindly assist? Thanks in advance.

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  • Game physics / 2D Collision detection AS3

    - by Jery
    I know there are some methods you can use like hittestPoint and so on, but I want to see where my movieclip colliedes with another another movieclip. Any other methods I can use? by any chance does somebody know some a good introduction to game physics? Im asking because I coded a small engine and pretty much the whole code is spagetti code thats why I would like to know how you can setup something like this properly

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  • Push back rectangle where collision happens

    - by Tifa
    I have a tile collision on a game I am creating but the problem is once a collision happens for example a collision happens in right side my sprite cant move to up and bottom :( thats because i set the speed to 0. I thinks its wrong. here is my code: int startX, startY, endX, endY; float pushx = 0,pushy = 0; // move player if(Gdx.input.isKeyPressed(Input.Keys.LEFT)){ dx=-1; currentWalk = leftWalk; } if(Gdx.input.isKeyPressed(Input.Keys.RIGHT)){ dx=1; currentWalk = rightWalk; } if(Gdx.input.isKeyPressed(Input.Keys.DOWN)){ dy=-1; currentWalk = downWalk; } if(Gdx.input.isKeyPressed(Input.Keys.UP)){ dy=1; currentWalk = upWalk; } sr.setProjectionMatrix(camera.combined); sr.begin(ShapeRenderer.ShapeType.Line); Rectangle koalaRect = rectPool.obtain(); koalaRect.set(player.getX(), player.getY(), pw, ph /2 ); float oldX = player.getX(), oldY = player.getY(); // THIS LINE WAS ADDED player.setXY(player.getX() + dx * Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime() * 4f, player.getY() + dy * Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime() * 4f); // THIS LINE WAS MOVED HERE FROM DOWN BELOW if(dx> 0) { startX = endX = (int)(player.getX() + pw); } else { startX = endX = (int)(player.getX() ); } startY = (int)(player.getY()); endY = (int)(player.getY() + ph); getTiles(startX, startY, endX, endY, tiles); for(Rectangle tile: tiles) { sr.rect(tile.x,tile.y,tile.getWidth(),tile.getHeight()); if(koalaRect.overlaps(tile)) { //dx = 0; player.setX(oldX); // THIS LINE CHANGED Gdx.app.log("x","hit " + player.getX() + " " + oldX); break; } } if(dy > 0) { startY = endY = (int)(player.getY() + ph ); } else { startY = endY = (int)(player.getY() ); } startX = (int)(player.getX()); endX = (int)(player.getX() + pw); getTiles(startX, startY, endX, endY, tiles); for(Rectangle tile: tiles) { if(koalaRect.overlaps(tile)) { //dy = 0; player.setY(oldY); // THIS LINE CHANGED //Gdx.app.log("y","hit" + player.getY() + " " + oldY); break; } } sr.rect(koalaRect.x,koalaRect.y,koalaRect.getWidth(),koalaRect.getHeight() / 2); sr.setColor(Color.GREEN); sr.end(); I want to push back the sprite when a collision happens but i have no idea how :D pls help

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  • How to implement efficient Fog of War?

    - by Cambrano
    I've asked a question how to implement Fog Of War(FOW) with shaders. Well I've got this working. I use the vertex color to identify the alpha of a single vertex. I guess the most of you know what the FOW of Age of Empires was like, anyway I'll shortly explain it: You have a map. Everything is unexplored(solid black / 100% transparency) at the beginning. When your NPC's / other game units explore the world (by moving around mostly) they unshadow the map. That means. Everything in a specific radius (viewrange) around a NPC is visible (0%transparency). Anything that is out of viewrange but already explored is visible but shadowed (50% transparency). So yeah, AoE had relatively huge maps. Requirements was something around 100mhz etc. So it should be relatively easy to implement something to solve this problem - actually. Okay. I'm currently adding planes above my world and set the color per vertex. Why do I use many planes ? Unity has a vertex limit of 65.000 per mesh. According to the size of my tiles and the size of my map I need more than one plane. So I actually need a lot of planes. This is obviously pita for my FPS. Well so my question is, what are simple (in sense of performance) techniques to implement a FOW shader? Okay some simplified code what I'm doin so far: // Setup for (int x = 0; x < (Map.Dimension/planeSize); x++) { for (int z = 0; z < (Map.Dimension/planeSize); z++) { CreateMeshAt(x*planeSize, 3, z*planeSize) } } // Explore (is called from NPCs when walking for example) for (int x = ((int) from.x - radius); x < from.x + radius; x ++) { for (int z = ((int) from.z - radius); z < from.z + radius; z ++) { if (from.Distance(x, 1, z) > radius) continue; _transparency[x/tileSize, z/tileSize] = 0.5f; } } // Update foreach(GameObject plane in planes){ foreach(Vector3 vertex in vertices){ Vector3 worldPos = GetWorldPos(vertex); vertex.Color = new Color(0,0,0, _transparency[worldPos.x/tileSize, worldPos.z/tileSize]); } } My shader just sets the transparency of the vertex now, which comes from the vertex color channel

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  • Game Center: Leaderboard score inconsistencies

    - by Hasyimi Bahrudin
    Background I'm currently developing a simple library that mirrors Game Center's functionalities locally. Basically, this library is a system that manages achievements and leaderboards, and optionally sync it with the Game Center. So, if the game is not GC enabled, the game will still have achievements and leaderboards (stored inside a plist). But of course, the leaderboards will then only contain the local player's scores (which is kind of useless, I know :P). Problem Currently I have coded both of the achievements and leaderboards subsystems. The achievements subsystem have already been tested and it works. I'm currently testing the leaderboards subsystem using multiple test user accounts. I loaded the test app on a device and on the simulator, both logged in with 2 different user accounts. Then I performed these steps: I first used the device to upload a score. Then, I ran the simulator, and the score submitted by the user on the device is shown. Which is cool. Then, I used the simulator to upload a score. But on the device, still, only one score is listed. I checked on the Game Center app (to see if the bug lies within my code), and I got the same thing. Under "All players", there is only one score on the device, but there are 2 scores on the simulator. I wanted to make sure that the simulator is not causing this, so I swapped the users on the device and the simulator, and the result is still the same. In other words, the first user is oblivious of the second user's score, but the second user can see the first user's score. Then I tried with a third user. The result: the third user can only see the scores of the first user and himself. The second user still sees the scores of the first user and himself. The first user only sees his own score. Now here comes the weird part. I then make the first user and the second user befriend each other. The result: under "Friends", the first user can see the second user's score, but under "All Players", the first user's score is the only one listed. Screenshots The first user sees this: The second user sees this: So, is this a normal thing when using sandboxed GC accounts? Is this behavior documented somewhere by Apple?

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  • OpenGL-ES: clearing the alpha of the FrameBufferObject

    - by MrDatabase
    This question is a follow-up to Texture artifacts on iPad How does one "clear the alpha of the render texture frameBufferObject"? I've searched around here, StackOverflow and various search engines but no luck. I've tried a few things... for example calling GlClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) at the beginning of my render loop... but it doesn't seem to make a difference. Any help is appreciated since I'm still new to OpenGL. Cheers! p.s. I read on SO and in Apple's documentation that GlClear should always be called at the beginning of the renderLoop. Agree? Disagree? Here's where I read this: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2538662/how-does-glclear-improve-performance

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  • OpenGL not rendering my images to the screen

    - by Brendan Webster
    for some reason my game isn't showing the image I am rendering to the screen. My engine is state based, and at the beginning I set the logo, but it isn't showing on the screen. Here is my method of doing so first I create one image and assign some values to it's preset values. //create one image instance for the logo background O_File.v_Create_Images(1); //set the atributes of the background //first Image O_File.sImage[0].nImageDepth = -30.0f; O_File.sImage[0].sImageLocation = "image.bmp"; //load the images int O_File.v_Load_Images(); Then I load them with DevIL void C_File_Manager::v_Load_Images() { ilGenImages(1, &image); ilBindImage(image); for(int i = 0;i < sImage.size();i++) { success = ilLoadImage(sImage[i].sImageLocation.c_str()); if (success) { success = ilConvertImage(IL_RGBA, IL_UNSIGNED_BYTE); glGenTextures(1, &image); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, image); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 4, ilGetInteger(IL_IMAGE_WIDTH), ilGetInteger(IL_IMAGE_HEIGHT), 0, ilGetInteger(IL_IMAGE_FORMAT), GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, ilGetData()); //asign values to the width and height of the image if they are already not assigned if(sImage[i].nImageHeight == 0) sImage[i].nImageHeight = ilGetInteger(IL_IMAGE_HEIGHT); if(sImage[i].nImageWidth == 0) sImage[i].nImageWidth = ilGetInteger(IL_IMAGE_WIDTH); std::cout << sImage[i].nImageHeight << std::endl; const std::string word = sImage[i].sImageLocation.c_str(); std::cout << sImage[i].sImageLocation.c_str() << std::endl; ilLoadImage(word.c_str()); ilDeleteImages(1, &image); } } } and then I apply them to the screen void C_File_Manager::v_Apply_Images() { glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); for(int i = 0;i < sImage.size();i++) { //move the image to where it should be on the screen; glTranslatef(sImage[i].nImageX,sImage[i].nImageY,sImage[i].nImageDepth); //rotate image around the 3 axes glRotatef(sImage[i].fImageAngleX,1,0,0); glRotatef(sImage[i].fImageAngleY,0,1,0); glRotatef(sImage[i].fImageAngleZ,0,0,1); //scale the image glScalef(1,1,1); //center the image glTranslatef((sImage[i].nImageWidth/2),(sImage[i].nImageHeight/2),0); //draw the box that will encase the loaded image glBegin(GL_QUADS); //change the color of the loaded image; glColor4f(1,1,1,1); //top left corner of image glNormal3f(0.0,0,0.0); glTexCoord2f (1.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(0,0,sImage[i].nImageDepth); //top right corner of image glNormal3f(1.0,0,0.0); glTexCoord2f (1.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(0,sImage[i].nImageHeight,sImage[i].nImageDepth); //bottom right corner of image glNormal3f(-1.0,0,0.0); glTexCoord2f (0.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(sImage[i].nImageWidth,sImage[i].nImageHeight,sImage[i].nImageDepth); //bottom left corner of image glNormal3f(-1.0,0,0.0); glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(sImage[i].nImageWidth,0,sImage[i].nImageDepth); glEnd(); } } when I debug there is no errors at all, but yet the images don't show up on the screen, I have positioned the camera at (0,0,-1) and that is where the images should show up. the clipping plane is set 1 to 1000. There is probably some random problem with the code, but I just can't catch it.

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  • Drawing lines in 3D space

    - by DeadMG
    When attempting to draw a line in 3D space with D3DPT_LINELIST, then Direct3D gives me an error about an invalid vertex declaration, saying that it cannot be converted to an FVF. I am using the same vertex declaration and shader/stream setup as for my D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST rendering which works absolutely correctly. How can I use D3DPT_LINELIST to render some lines in 3D space? Edit: Oopsie, forgot my codeses. Here's my raw Draw call. D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSource(1, PerBoneBuffer.get(), 0, sizeof(PerInstanceData))); D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSourceFreq(1, D3DSTREAMSOURCE_INSTANCEDATA | 1)); D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSource(0, LineVerts, 0, sizeof(D3DXVECTOR3))); D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSourceFreq(0, D3DSTREAMSOURCE_INDEXEDDATA | lines.size())); D3DCALL(device->SetIndices(LineIndices)); PerInstanceData* data; std::vector<Wide::Render::Line*> lines_vec(lines.begin(), lines.end()); D3DCALL(PerBoneBuffer->Lock(0, lines.size() * sizeof(PerInstanceData), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&data), D3DLOCK_DISCARD)); std::for_each(lines.begin(), lines.end(), [&](Wide::Render::Line* ptr) { data->Color = D3DXColor(ptr->Colour); D3DXMATRIXA16 Translate, Scale, Rotate; D3DXMatrixTranslation(&Translate, ptr->Start.x, ptr->Start.y, ptr->Start.z); D3DXMatrixScaling(&Scale, ptr->Scale, 1, 1); D3DXMatrixRotationQuaternion(&Rotate, &D3DQuaternion(ptr->Rotation)); data->World = Scale * Rotate * Translate; }); D3DCALL(PerBoneBuffer->Unlock()); D3DCALL(device->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPRIMITIVETYPE::D3DPT_LINELIST, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1)); Here's my vertex declaration: D3DVERTEXELEMENT9 BasicMeshVertices[] = { {0, 0, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT3, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_POSITION, 0}, {1, 0, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 0}, {1, 16, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 1}, {1, 32, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 2}, {1, 48, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 3}, {1, 64, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_COLOR, 0}, D3DDECL_END() }; The LineIndices are just 0, 1 and the LineVerts are just {0,0,0} and {1,0,0}, to represent a unit 3D line along the X axis.

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  • Computing a normal matrix in conjunction with gluLookAt

    - by Chris Smith
    I have a hand-rolled camera class that converts yaw, pitch, and roll angles into a forward, side, and up vector suitable for calling gluLookAt. Using this camera class I can modify the model-view matrix to move about the 3D world just fine. However, I am having trouble when using this camera class (and associated model-view matrix) when trying to perform directional lighting in my vertex shader. The problem is that the light direction, (0, 1, 0) for example, is relative to where the 'camera is looking' and not the actual world coordinates. (Or is this eye coordinates vs. model coordinates?) I would like the light direction to be unaffected by the camera's viewing direction. For example, when the camera is looking down the Z axis the ground is lit correctly. However, if I point the camera straight at the ground, then it goes dark. This is (I think) because the light direction is parallel with the camera's 'up' vector which is perpendicular with the ground's normal vector. I tried computing the normal matrix without taking the camera's model view into account, but then none of my objects were rotated correctly. Sorry if this sounds vague. I suspect there is a straight forward answer, but I'm not 100% clear on how the normal matrix should be used for transforming vertex normals in my vertex shader. For reference, here is pseudo code for my rendering loop: pMatrix = new Matrix(); pMatrix = makePerspective(...) mvMatrix = new Matrix() camera.apply(mvMatrix); // Calls gluLookAt // Move the object into position. mvMatrix.translatev(position); mvMatrix.rotatef(rotation.x, 1, 0, 0); mvMatrix.rotatef(rotation.y, 0, 1, 0); mvMatrix.rotatef(rotation.z, 0, 0, 1); var nMatrix = new Matrix(); nMatrix.set(mvMatrix.get().getInverse().getTranspose()); // Set vertex shader uniforms. gl.uniformMatrix4fv(shaderProgram.pMatrixUniform, false, new Float32Array(pMatrix.getFlattened())); gl.uniformMatrix4fv(shaderProgram.mvMatrixUniform, false, new Float32Array(mvMatrix.getFlattened())); gl.uniformMatrix4fv(shaderProgram.nMatrixUniform, false, new Float32Array(nMatrix.getFlattened())); // ... gl.drawElements(gl.TRIANGLES, this.vertexIndexBuffer.numItems, gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0); And the corresponding vertex shader: // Attributes attribute vec3 aVertexPosition; attribute vec4 aVertexColor; attribute vec3 aVertexNormal; // Uniforms uniform mat4 uMVMatrix; uniform mat4 uNMatrix; uniform mat4 uPMatrix; // Varyings varying vec4 vColor; // Constants const vec3 LIGHT_DIRECTION = vec3(0, 1, 0); // Opposite direction of photons. const vec4 AMBIENT_COLOR = vec4 (0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0); float ComputeLighting() { vec4 transformedNormal = vec4(aVertexNormal.xyz, 1.0); transformedNormal = uNMatrix * transformedNormal; float base = dot(normalize(transformedNormal.xyz), normalize(LIGHT_DIRECTION)); return max(base, 0.0); } void main(void) { gl_Position = uPMatrix * uMVMatrix * vec4(aVertexPosition, 1.0); float lightWeight = ComputeLighting(); vColor = vec4(aVertexColor.xyz * lightWeight, 1.0) + AMBIENT_COLOR; } Note that I am using WebGL, so if the anser is use glFixThisProblem(...) any pointers on how to re-implement that on WebGL if missing would be appreciated.

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  • Creating a retro-style palette swapping effect in OpenGL

    - by Zack The Human
    I'm working on a Megaman-like game where I need to change the color of certain pixels at runtime. For reference: in Megaman when you change your selected weapon then main character's palette changes to reflect the selected weapon. Not all of the sprite's colors change, only certain ones do. This kind of effect was common and quite easy to do on the NES since the programmer had access to the palette and the logical mapping between pixels and palette indices. On modern hardware, though, this is a bit more challenging because the concept of palettes is not the same. All of my textures are 32-bit and do not use palettes. There are two ways I know of to achieve the effect I want, but I'm curious if there are better ways to achieve this effect easily. The two options I know of are: Use a shader and write some GLSL to perform the "palette swapping" behavior. If shaders are not available (say, because the graphics card doesn't support them) then it is possible to clone the "original" textures and generate different versions with the color changes pre-applied. Ideally I would like to use a shader since it seems straightforward and requires little additional work opposed to the duplicated-texture method. I worry that duplicating textures just to change a color in them is wasting VRAM -- should I not worry about that?

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  • Ragdoll continuous movement

    - by Siddharth
    I have created a ragdoll for my game but the problem I found was that the ragdoll joints are not perfectly implemented so they are continuously moving. Ragdoll does not stand at fix place. I here paste my work for that and suggest some guidance about that so that it can stand on fix place. chest = new Chest(pX, pY, gameObject.getmChestTextureRegion(), gameObject); head = new Head(pX, pY - 16, gameObject.getmHeadTextureRegion(), gameObject); leftHand = new Hand(pX - 6, pY + 6, gameObject.getmHandTextureRegion() .clone(), gameObject); rightHand = new Hand(pX + 12, pY + 6, gameObject .getmHandTextureRegion().clone(), gameObject); rightHand.setFlippedHorizontal(true); leftLeg = new Leg(pX, pY + 18, gameObject.getmLegTextureRegion() .clone(), gameObject); rightLeg = new Leg(pX + 7, pY + 18, gameObject.getmLegTextureRegion() .clone(), gameObject); rightLeg.setFlippedHorizontal(true); gameObject.getmScene().registerTouchArea(chest); gameObject.getmScene().attachChild(chest); gameObject.getmScene().registerTouchArea(head); gameObject.getmScene().attachChild(head); gameObject.getmScene().registerTouchArea(leftHand); gameObject.getmScene().attachChild(leftHand); gameObject.getmScene().registerTouchArea(rightHand); gameObject.getmScene().attachChild(rightHand); gameObject.getmScene().registerTouchArea(leftLeg); gameObject.getmScene().attachChild(leftLeg); gameObject.getmScene().registerTouchArea(rightLeg); gameObject.getmScene().attachChild(rightLeg); // head revolute joint revoluteJointDef = new RevoluteJointDef(); revoluteJointDef.enableLimit = true; revoluteJointDef.initialize(head.getHeadBody(), chest.getChestBody(), chest.getChestBody().getWorldCenter()); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorA.set(0f, 0f); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorB.set(0f, -0.5f); revoluteJointDef.lowerAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); revoluteJointDef.upperAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); headRevoluteJoint = (RevoluteJoint) gameObject.getmPhysicsWorld() .createJoint(revoluteJointDef); // // left leg revolute joint revoluteJointDef.initialize(leftLeg.getLegBody(), chest.getChestBody(), chest.getChestBody().getWorldCenter()); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorA.set(0f, 0f); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorB.set(-0.15f, 0.75f); revoluteJointDef.lowerAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); revoluteJointDef.upperAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); leftLegRevoluteJoint = (RevoluteJoint) gameObject.getmPhysicsWorld() .createJoint(revoluteJointDef); // right leg revolute joint revoluteJointDef.initialize(rightLeg.getLegBody(), chest.getChestBody(), chest.getChestBody().getWorldCenter()); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorA.set(0f, 0f); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorB.set(0.15f, 0.75f); revoluteJointDef.lowerAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); revoluteJointDef.upperAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); rightLegRevoluteJoint = (RevoluteJoint) gameObject.getmPhysicsWorld() .createJoint(revoluteJointDef); // left hand revolute joint revoluteJointDef.initialize(leftHand.getHandBody(), chest.getChestBody(), chest.getChestBody().getWorldCenter()); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorA.set(0f, 0f); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorB.set(-0.25f, 0.1f); revoluteJointDef.lowerAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); revoluteJointDef.upperAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); leftHandRevoluteJoint = (RevoluteJoint) gameObject.getmPhysicsWorld() .createJoint(revoluteJointDef); // right hand revolute joint revoluteJointDef.initialize(rightHand.getHandBody(), chest.getChestBody(), chest.getChestBody().getWorldCenter()); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorA.set(0f, 0f); revoluteJointDef.localAnchorB.set(0.25f, 0.1f); revoluteJointDef.lowerAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); revoluteJointDef.upperAngle = (float) (0f / (180 / Math.PI)); rightHandRevoluteJoint = (RevoluteJoint) gameObject.getmPhysicsWorld() .createJoint(revoluteJointDef);

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  • Beat detection and FFT

    - by Quincy
    So I am working on a platformer game which includes music with beat detection. I am currently using a simple if the energy that is stored in the history buffer is smaller then the current energy there is a beat. The problem with this is that ofcourse if you use songs like rock songs where you have a pretty steady amplitude this isn't going to work. So I looked further and found algorithms splitting the sound into multiple bands using FFT. I then found this : http://en.literateprograms.org/Cooley-Tukey_FFT_algorithm_(C) The only problem I'm having is that I am quite new to audio and I have no idea how to use that to split the signal up into multiple signals. So my question is : How do you use a FFT to split a signal into multiple bands ? Also for the guys interested, this is my algorithm in c# : // C = threshold, N = size of history buffer / 1024 public void PlaceBeatMarkers(float C, int N) { List<float> instantEnergyList = new List<float>(); short[] samples = soundData.Samples; float timePerSample = 1 / (float)soundData.SampleRate; int sampleIndex = 0; int nextSamples = 1024; // Calculate instant energy for every 1024 samples. while (sampleIndex + nextSamples < samples.Length) { float instantEnergy = 0; for (int i = 0; i < nextSamples; i++) { instantEnergy += Math.Abs((float)samples[sampleIndex + i]); } instantEnergy /= nextSamples; instantEnergyList.Add(instantEnergy); if(sampleIndex + nextSamples >= samples.Length) nextSamples = samples.Length - sampleIndex - 1; sampleIndex += nextSamples; } int index = N; int numInBuffer = index; float historyBuffer = 0; //Fill the history buffer with n * instant energy for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) { historyBuffer += instantEnergyList[i]; } // If instantEnergy / samples in buffer < instantEnergy for the next sample then add beatmarker. while (index + 1 < instantEnergyList.Count) { if(instantEnergyList[index + 1] > (historyBuffer / numInBuffer) * C) beatMarkers.Add((index + 1) * 1024 * timePerSample); historyBuffer -= instantEnergyList[index - numInBuffer]; historyBuffer += instantEnergyList[index + 1]; index++; } }

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  • Dynamic/Adaptive RLE

    - by Lucius
    So, I'm developing a 2D, tile based game and a map maker thingy - all in Java. The problem is that recently I've been having some memory issues when about 4 maps are loaded. Each one of these maps are composed of 128x128 tiles and have 4 layers (for details and stuff). I already spent a good amount of time searching for solutions and the best thing I found was run-length enconding (RLE). It seems easy enough to use with static data, but is there a way to use it with data that is constantly changing, without a big drop in performance? In my maps, supposing I'm compressing the columns, I would have 128 rows, each with some amount of data (hopefully less than it would be without RLE). Whenever I change a tile, that whole row would have to be checked and I'm affraid that would slow down too much the production (and I'm in a somewhat tight schedule). Well, worst case scenario I work on each map individually, and save them using RLE, but it would be really nice if I could avoind that. EDIT: What I'm currently using to store the data for the tiles is a 2D array of HashMaps that use the layer as key and store the id of the tile in that position - like this: private HashMap< Integer, Integer [][]

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  • Rendering large and high poly meshes

    - by Aurus
    Consider an huge terrain that has a lot polygons, to render this terrain I thought of following techniques: Using height-map instead of raw meshes: Yes, but I want to create a lot of caves and stuff that simply wont work with height-maps. Using voxels: Yes, but I think that this would be to much since I don't even want to support changing terrain.. Split into multiple chunks and do some sort of LOD with the mesh: Yes, but how would I do that? Tessellation usually creates more detail not less. Precompute the same mesh in lower poly version (like Mudbox does) and depending on the distance it renders one of these meshes: Graphic memory is limited and uploading only the chunks won't solve that problem since the traffic would be too high. IMO the last one sounds really good, but imagine the following process: Upload and render the chunks depending on the current player position. [No problem] Player will walk straight forward Now we maybe have to change on of the low poly chunk with the high poly one So, Remove the low poly chunk and load the high poly chunk [Already to much traffic here, I think] I am not very experienced in graphic programming and maybe the upper process is totally okay but somehow I think it is too much. And how about the disk space it would require.. I think 3 kind of levels would be fine but isn't that also too much? (I am using OpenGL but I don't think that this is important)

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