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  • How to implement behavior in a component-based game architecture?

    - by ghostonline
    I am starting to implement player and enemy AI in a game, but I am confused about how to best implement this in a component-based game architecture. Say I have a following player character that can be stationary, running and swinging a sword. A player can transit to the swing sword state from both the stationary and running state, but then the swing must be completed before the player can resume standing or running around. During the swing, the player cannot walk around. As I see it, I have two implementation approaches: Create a single AI-component containing all player logic (either decoupled from the actual component or embedded as a PlayerAIComponent). I can easily how to enforce the state restrictions without creating coupling between individual components making up the player entity. However, the AI-component cannot be broken up. If I have, for example, an enemy that can only stand and walk around or only walks around and occasionally swing a sword, I have to create new AI-components. Break the behavior up in components, each identifying a specific state. I then get a StandComponent, WalkComponent and SwingComponent. To enforce the transition rules, I have to couple each component. SwingComponent must disable StandComponent and WalkComponent for the duration of the swing. When I have an enemy that only stands around, swinging a sword occasionally, I have to make sure SwingComponent only disables WalkComponent if it is present. Although this allows for better mix-and-matching components, it can lead to a maintainability nightmare as each time a dependency is added, the existing components must be updated to play nicely with the new requirements the dependency places on the character. The ideal situation would be that a designer can build new enemies/players by dragging components into a container, without having to touch a single line of engine or script code. Although I am not sure script coding can be avoided, I want to keep it as simple as possible. Summing it all up: Should I lob all AI logic into one component or break up each logic state into separate components to create entity variants more easily?

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  • Which isometric angles can be mirrored (and otherwise transformed) for optimization?

    - by Tom
    I am working on a basic isometric game, and am struggling to find the correct mirrors. Mirror can be any form of transform. I have managed to get SE out of SW, by scaling the sprite on X axis by -1. Same applies for NE angle. Something is bugging me, that I should be able to also mirror N to S, but I cannot manage to pull this one off. Am I just too sleepy and trying to do the impossible, or a basic -1 scale on Y axis is not enough? What are the common used mirror table for optimizing 8 angle (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW) isometric sprites?

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  • bump mapping with 2 normal maps

    - by DorkMonstuh
    I was wondering if its actually possible to do bump mapping with 2 normal maps... I have tried doing it this way however I get a function overload on max and dot. uniform sampler2D n_mapTex; uniform sampler2D n_mapTex2; uniform sampler2D refTex; varying mediump vec2 TexCoord; varying mediump float vTime; void main() { mediump vec4 wave = texture2D(n_mapTex, TexCoord - vTime); mediump vec4 wave2 = texture2D(n_mapTex2, TexCoord + vTime); mediump vec4 bump = mix(wave2, wave, 0.5); //this extracts the normals from the combined normal maps mediump vec4 normal = normalize(bump.xyzw * 2.0 - 1.0); //determines light position mediump vec3 lightPos = normalize(vec3(0.0, 1.0, 3.0)); mediump float diffuse = max(dot(normal, lightPos),0.0); gl_FragColor = mix(texture2D(refTex, TexCoord), bump, 0.5); }

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  • How can I get accurate collision resolution on the corners of rectangles?

    - by ssb
    I have a working collision system implemented, and it's based on minimum translation vectors. This works fine in most cases except when the minimum translation vector is not actually in the direction of the collision. For example: When a rectangle is on the far edge on any side of another rectangle, a force can be applied, in this example down, the pushes one rectangle into the other, particularly a static object like a wall or a floor. As in the picture, the collision is coming from above, but because it's on the very edge, it translates to the left instead of back up. I've searched for a while to find an approach but everything I can find deals with general corner collisions where my problem is only in this one limited case. Any suggestions?

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  • LibGDX onTouch() method Array and flip method

    - by johnny-b
    How can I add this on my application. i want to use the onTouch() method from the implementation of the InputProcessor to kill the enemies on screen. how do i do that? do i have to do anything to the enemy class? also i am trying to add a Array of enemies and it keeps throwing exceptions or the bullet now is facing LEFT <--- again after I used the flip method in the bullet class. All the code is below so please anyone feel free to have a look thanks. please help Thank you M // This is the bullet class. public class Bullet extends Sprite { public static final float BULLET_HOMING = 6000; public static final float BULLET_SPEED = 300; private Vector2 velocity; private float lifetime; private Rectangle bul; public Bullet(float x, float y) { velocity = new Vector2(0, 0); setPosition(x, y); AssetLoader.bullet1.flip(true, false); AssetLoader.bullet2.flip(true, false); setSize(AssetLoader.bullet1.getWidth(), AssetLoader.bullet1.getHeight()); bul = new Rectangle(); } public void update(float delta) { float targetX = GameWorld.getBall().getX(); float targetY = GameWorld.getBall().getY(); float dx = targetX - getX(); float dy = targetY - getY(); float distToTarget = (float) Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy); dx /= distToTarget; dy /= distToTarget; dx *= BULLET_HOMING; dy *= BULLET_HOMING; velocity.x += dx * delta; velocity.y += dy * delta; float vMag = (float) Math.sqrt(velocity.x * velocity.x + velocity.y * velocity.y); velocity.x /= vMag; velocity.y /= vMag; velocity.x *= BULLET_SPEED; velocity.y *= BULLET_SPEED; bul.set(getX(), getY(), getOriginX(), getOriginY()); Vector2 v = velocity.cpy().scl(delta); setPosition(getX() + v.x, getY() + v.y); setOriginCenter(); setRotation(velocity.angle()); } public Rectangle getBounds() { return bul; } public Rectangle getBounds1() { return this.getBoundingRectangle(); } } // This is the class where i load all the images from public class AssetLoader { public static Texture texture; public static TextureRegion bg, ball1, ball2; public static Animation bulletAnimation, ballAnimation; public static Sprite bullet1, bullet2; public static void load() { texture = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("SpriteN1.png")); texture.setFilter(TextureFilter.Nearest, TextureFilter.Nearest); bg = new TextureRegion(texture, 80, 421, 395, 30); bg.flip(false, true); ball1 = new TextureRegion(texture, 0, 321, 32, 32); ball1.flip(false, true); ball2 = new TextureRegion(texture, 32, 321, 32, 32); ball2.flip(false, true); bullet1 = new Sprite(texture, 380, 350, 45, 20); bullet1.flip(false, true); bullet2 = new Sprite(texture, 425, 350, 45, 20); bullet2.flip(false, true); TextureRegion[] balls = { ball1, ball2 }; ballAnimation = new Animation(0.16f, balls); ballAnimation.setPlayMode(Animation.PlayMode.LOOP); } Sprite[] bullets = { bullet1, bullet2 }; bulletAnimation = new Animation(0.06f, aims); bulletAnimation.setPlayMode(Animation.PlayMode.LOOP); } public static void dispose() { texture.dispose(); } // This is for the rendering or drawing onto the screen/canvas. public class GameRenderer { private Bullet bullet; private Ball ball; public GameRenderer(GameWorld world) { myWorld = world; cam = new OrthographicCamera(); cam.setToOrtho(true, 480, 320); batcher = new SpriteBatch(); // Attach batcher to camera batcher.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); shapeRenderer = new ShapeRenderer(); shapeRenderer.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); // Call helper methods to initialize instance variables initGameObjects(); initAssets(); } private void initGameObjects() { ball = GameWorld.getBall(); bullet = myWorld.getBullet(); scroller = myWorld.getScroller(); } private void initAssets() { ballAnimation = AssetLoader.ballAnimation; bulletAnimation = AssetLoader.bulletAnimation; } public void render(float runTime) { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL30.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); batcher.begin(); batcher.disableBlending(); batcher.enableBlending(); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.ballAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), ball.getX(), ball.getY(), ball.getWidth(), ball.getHeight()); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.bulletAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), bullet.getX(), bullet.getY(), bullet.getOriginX(), bullet.getOriginY(), bullet.getWidth(), bullet.getHeight(), 1.0f, 1.0f, bullet.getRotation()); // End SpriteBatch batcher.end(); } } // this is to load the image etc on the screen i guess public class GameWorld { public static Ball ball; private Bullet bullet; private ScrollHandler scroller; public GameWorld() { ball = new Ball(480, 273, 32, 32); bullet = new Bullet(10, 10); scroller = new ScrollHandler(0); } public void update(float delta) { ball.update(delta); bullet.update(delta); scroller.update(delta); } public static Ball getBall() { return ball; } public ScrollHandler getScroller() { return scroller; } public Bullet getBullet() { return bullet; } } //This is the input handler class public class InputHandler implements InputProcessor { private Ball myBall; private Bullet bullet; private GameRenderer aims; // Ask for a reference to the Soldier when InputHandler is created. public InputHandler(Ball ball) { myBall = ball; } @Override public boolean touchDown(int screenX, int screenY, int pointer, int button) { return false; } @Override public boolean keyDown(int keycode) { return false; } @Override public boolean keyUp(int keycode) { return false; } @Override public boolean keyTyped(char character) { return false; } @Override public boolean touchUp(int screenX, int screenY, int pointer, int button) { return false; } @Override public boolean touchDragged(int screenX, int screenY, int pointer) { return false; } @Override public boolean mouseMoved(int screenX, int screenY) { return false; } @Override public boolean scrolled(int amount) { return false; } } i am rendering all graphics in a GameRender class and a gameworld class if you need more info please let me know I am trying to make the array work but keep finding that when an array is initialized then the bullet fips back to the original and ends up being backwards???? and if I create an array I keep getting Exceptions throw??? Thank you for any help given.

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  • Selection of a mesh with arbitrary region

    - by Tigran
    Considering example: I have a mesh(es) on the OpenGL screen and would like to select a part of it (say for delete purpose). There is a clear way to do the selction via Ray Tracing, or via Selection provided by OpenGL itself. But, for my users, considering that meshes can get wired surfaces, I need to implement a selection via a Arbitrary closed region, so all triangles that appears present inside that region has to be selected. To be more clear, here is screen shot: I want all triangles inside black polygon to be selected, identified, whatever in some way. How can I achieve that ?

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  • Animating isometric sprites

    - by Mike
    I'm having trouble coming up with a way to animate these 2D isometric sprites. The sprites are stored like this: < Game Folder Root /Assets/Sprites/< Sprite Name /< Sprite Animation /< Sprite Direction /< Frame Number .png So for example, /Assets/Sprites/Worker/Stand/North-East/01.png Sprite sheets aren't really viable for this type of animation. The example stand animation is 61 frames. 61 frames for all 8 directions alone is huge, but there's more then just a standing animation for each sprite. Creating an sf::Texture for every image and every frame seems like it will take up a lot of memory and be hard to keep track of that many images. Unloading the image and loading the next one every single frame seems like it will do a lot of unnecessary work. What's the best way to handle this?

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  • Circle physics and collision using vectors

    - by Joe Hearty
    This is a problem I've been having, When making a set number of filled circles at random locations on a JPanel and applying a gravity (a negative change in the y), each of the circles collide. I want them to have collision detection and push in the opposite direction using vectors but I don't know how to apply that to my scenario could someone help? public void drawballs(Graphics g){ g.setColor (Color.white); //displays circles for(int i = 0; i<xlocationofcircles.length-1; i++){ g.fillOval( (int) xlocationofcircles[i], (int) (ylocationofcircles[i]) ,16 ,16 ); ylocationofcircles[i]+=.2; //gravity if(ylocationofcircles[i] > 550) //stops gravity at bottom of screen ylocationofcircles[i]-=.2; //Check distance between circles(i think..) float distance =(xlocationofcircles[i+1]-xlocationofcircles[i]) + (ylocationofcircles[i+1]-xlocationofcircles[i]); if( Math.sqrt(distance) <16) ...

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  • Isometric Camera trouble - can't rotate or move correctly

    - by Deukalion
    I'm trying to create a 3D editor, but I've been having some trouble with the Camera and understanding each component. I've created 2 camera that works OK, but now I'm trying to implement an Isometric Camera in XNA without success on the rotation and movement of the camera. All I get working is Zoom. (Cube with x=3f, y=3f, z=1f in center) And this is the constructor for my IsometricCamera (inherits from ICamera, with methods for Rotation, Movement and Zoom, and Properties for World/View/Projection matrices) public IsometricCamera3D(GraphicsDevice device, float startClip = -1000f, float endClip = 1000f) { matrix_projection = Matrix.CreateOrthographic(device.Viewport.Width, device.Viewport.Height, startClip, endClip); rotation = Vector3.Zero; matrix_view = Matrix.CreateScale(zoom) * Matrix.CreateRotationY(MathHelper.ToRadians(45 + 180)) * Matrix.CreateRotationX(MathHelper.ToRadians(30)) * Matrix.CreateRotationZ(MathHelper.ToRadians(120)) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(rotation.X, rotation.Y, rotation.Z); } Problem is when I rotate it, all that happens is that the Cube gets more or less shiny and nothing happens. What is wrong and how should I create my View matrix to move it / rotate it correctly? Rotate, Move and Zoom looks like: MethodName(Vector3 rotation/movement), Zoom(float value); and just increases the value, then calls an update to recreate the View Matrix according to the code in the constructor. Currently, in my editor I use MiddleButton + Mouse Movement to rotate the camera, but it's not working as the other camera. But in my default camera I use World Matrix to move, but I guess that's not the best way to go which is why I'm trying this.

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  • Understanding dot notation

    - by Starkers
    Here's my interpretation of dot notation: a = [2,6] b = [1,4] c = [0,8] a . b . c = (2*6)+(1*4)+(0*8) = 12 + 4 + 0 = 16 What is the significance of 16? Apparently it's a scalar. Am I right in thinking that a scalar is the number we times a unit vector by to get a vector that has a scaled up magnitude but the same direction as the unit vector? So again, what is the relevance of 16? When is it used? It's not the magnitude of all the vectors added up. The magnitude of all of them is calculated as follows: sqrt( ax * ax + ay * ay ) + sqrt( bx * bx + by * by ) + sqrt( cx * cx + cy * cy) sqrt( 2 * 2 + 6 * 6 ) + sqrt( 1 * 1 + 4 * 4 ) + sqrt( 0 * 0 + 8 * 8) sqrt( 4 + 36 ) + sqrt( 1 + 16 ) + sqrt( 0 + 64) sqrt( 40 ) + sqrt( 17 ) + sqrt( 64) 6.3 + 4.1 + 8 10.4 + 8 18.4 So I don't really get this diagram: Attempting with sensible numbers: a = [1,0] b = [4,3] a . b = (1*0) + (4*3) = 0 + 12 = 12 So what exactly is a . b describing here? The magnitude of that vector? Because that isn't right: the 'a.b' vector = [4,0] sqrt( x*x + y*y ) sqrt( 4*4 + 0*0 ) sqrt( 16 + 0 ) 4 So what is 12 describing?

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  • Collision Detection for 2D

    - by Bhaskar
    I am working on a simple game, where I need to do a collision detection of two Texture2D. The code I have written is: bool perPixelCollission = false; Texture2D texture1 = sprite1.Texture; Texture2D texture2 = sprite1.Texture; Vector2 position1 = new Vector2(sprite1.CurrentScope.X, sprite1.CurrentScope.Y); Vector2 position2 = new Vector2(sprite2.CurrentScope.X, sprite2.CurrentScope.Y); uint[] bitsA = new uint[texture1.Width * texture1.Height]; uint[] bitsB = new uint[texture2.Width * texture2.Height]; Rectangle texture1Rectangle = new Rectangle(Convert.ToInt32(position1.X), Convert.ToInt32(position1.Y), texture1.Width, texture1.Height); Rectangle texture2Rectangle = new Rectangle(Convert.ToInt32(position2.X), Convert.ToInt32(position2.Y), texture2.Width, texture2.Height); texture1.GetData<uint>(bitsA); texture2.GetData<uint>(bitsB); int x1 = Math.Max(texture1Rectangle.X, texture2Rectangle.X); int x2 = Math.Min(texture1Rectangle.X + texture1Rectangle.Width, texture2Rectangle.X + texture2Rectangle.Width); int y1 = Math.Max(texture1Rectangle.Y, texture2Rectangle.Y); int y2 = Math.Min(texture1Rectangle.Y + texture1Rectangle.Height, texture2Rectangle.Y + texture2Rectangle.Height); for (int y = y1; y < y2; ++y) { for (int x = x1; x < x2; ++x) { if (((bitsA[(x - texture1Rectangle.X) + (y - texture1Rectangle.Y) * texture1Rectangle.Width] & 0xFF000000) >> 24) > 20 && ((bitsB[(x - texture2Rectangle.X) + (y - texture2Rectangle.Y) * texture2Rectangle.Width] & 0xFF000000) >> 24) > 20) { perPixelCollission = true; break; } } // Reduce amount of looping by breaking out of this. if (perPixelCollission) { break; } } return perPixelCollission; But this code is really making the game slow. Where can I get some very good collision detection tutorial and code? What is wrong in this code?

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  • How to make natural-looking paths with A* on a grid?

    - by user11177
    I've been reading this: http://theory.stanford.edu/~amitp/GameProgramming/Heuristics.html But there are some things I don't understand, for example the article says to use something like this for pathfinding with diagonal movement: function heuristic(node) = dx = abs(node.x - goal.x) dy = abs(node.y - goal.y) return D * max(dx, dy) I don't know how do set D to get a natural looking path like in the article, I set D to the lowest cost between adjacent squares like it said, and I don't know what they meant by the stuff about the heuristic should be 4*D, that does not seem to change any thing. This is my heuristic function and move function: def heuristic(self, node, goal): D = 10 dx = abs(node.x - goal.x) dy = abs(node.y - goal.y) return D * max(dx, dy) def move_cost(self, current, node): cross = abs(current.x - node.x) == 1 and abs(current.y - node.y) == 1 return 19 if cross else 10 Result: The smooth sailing path we want to happen: The rest of my code: http://pastebin.com/TL2cEkeX

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  • How to tile multiple procedurally generated textures?

    - by Burhuc
    I'm trying to develop a procedural tile generator for a game, mostly for the ground tiles, instead of using "hand-drawn" tiles. To achieve this I'm using Perlin noise and a sine wave with multiple parameters, which already gives me pretty nice results. I don't want to generate 1 tile and repeat that one forever for one ground type, but I want to avoid recurrences, so I'm generating n different tiles. The problem I'm having now is that I want to tile the generated textures (smooth transitions). At the moment I have this: 4 256x256 textures. I thought a simple method would be to just add the positions of the different tiles to the noise generation algorithm, so that, when creating the 4 256x256 textures, it would behave like it would create a 512x512 texture, but that somehow didn't work as intented. So how can I tile those textures?

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  • Heightmap and Textures

    - by Robert
    Im trying to find the "best way" to apply a texture to a heightmap with opengl 3.x. Its really hard to find something on google because tutorials are olds and they're all using different methods, im really lost and i dont know what to use at all. Here is my code that generates the heightmap (its basic) float[] vertexes = null; float[] textureCoords = null; for(int x = 0; x < this.m_size.width; x++) { for(int y = 0; y < this.m_size.height; y++) { vertexes ~= [x, 1.0f, y]; textureCoords ~= [cast(float)x / 50, cast(float)y / 50]; } } As you can see, i dont know how to apply the texture at all (i was using / 50 for my tests). Result of that code : I would like to have something very basic like : (you can find more pics in his blog) Edit : my texture size is 1024x1024.

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  • Textual descriptions of 8-bit and 16-bit game engines

    - by ixtmixilix
    I found a good description of the engine in the Sonic games. It describes roughly how the engine works for people writing their own clones. In my case, I am simply interested in getting a general view of how the many 8-bit and 16-bit game engines worked on their respective consoles. So, this is a big-list style question asking, what other online descriptions of specific game engines have people found?

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  • Can I use one set of images to represent multiple sprites in Java?

    - by mal
    I've got a game that has 3 basic sprites, at the moment I'm loading 8 images into each sprite for animating. Each character class has a sprite object. if I've got 10 characters on screen at once then that's 80 images loaded in to memory. Can I make a central sprite class that only holds 8 images for each of the 3 sprites, then get the character objects to request the relevant images from the central sprite class, thereby massively reducing the memory required for the images?

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  • 2D mouse coordinates from 3d object projection

    - by user17753
    Not entirely certain of the nomenclature here -- basically, after placing a model in world coordinates and setting up a 3D camera to look at it the model has been projected onto the screen in a 2D fashion. What I'd like to do is determine if the mouse is inside the projected view of the model. Is there a way to "unproject" in the XNA framework? Or what is this process called as, so that I can better search for it?

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  • Marching squares: Finding multiple contours within one source field?

    - by TravisG
    Principally, this is a follow-up-question to a problem from a few weeks ago, even though this is about the algorithm in general without application to my actual problem. The algorithm basically searches through all lines in the picture, starting from the top left of it, until it finds a pixel that is a border. In pseudo-C++: int start = 0; for(int i=0; i<amount_of_pixels; ++i) { if(pixels[i] == border) { start = i; break; } } When it finds one, it starts the marching squares algorithm and finds the contour to whatever object the pixel belongs to. Let's say I have something like this: Where everything except the color white is a border. And have found the contour points of the first blob: For the general algorithm it's over. It found a contour and has done its job. How can I move on to the other two blobs to find their contours as well?

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  • Using normals in DirectX 10

    - by Dave
    I've got a working OBJ loader that loads vertices, indices, texture coordinates, and normals. As of right now it doesn't process texture coordinates or normals but it stores them in arrays and creates a valid mesh with the vertices and indices. Now I am trying to figure out how can I make the shader use the correct normal in the array for the current vertex if I can't setnormals() to my mesh. If I were to just use an index in my array of normals corresponding to the index in the vertices, how would I retrieve the current index the shader is processing? BTW: I am trying to write a blinn-phong shader technique. Also when I create the input layout and I've added the semantic NORMAL to it, how would I list the multiple semantics in that single parameter? Would I just separate it with a space? PS: If you need to see any code, just let me know.

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  • why are my players drawn top the side of my viewport

    - by Jetbuster
    Following this admittedly brilliant and clean 2d camera class I have a camera on each player, and it works for multiplayer and i've divided the screen into two sections for split screen by giving each camera a viewport. However in the game it looks like this I'm not sure if thats their position relative to the screen or what The relevant gameScreen code, the makePlayers is setup so it could theoretically work for up to 4 players private void makePlayers() { int rowCount = 1; if (NumberOfPlayers > 2) rowCount = 2; players = new Player[NumberOfPlayers]; for (int i = 0; i < players.Length; i++) { int xSize = GameRef.Window.ClientBounds.Width / 2; int ySize = GameRef.Window.ClientBounds.Height / rowCount; int col = i % rowCount; int row = i / rowCount; int xPoint = 0 + xSize * row; int yPoint = 0 + ySize * col; Viewport viewport = new Viewport(xPoint, yPoint, xSize, ySize); Vector2 playerPosition = new Vector2(viewport.TitleSafeArea.X + viewport.TitleSafeArea.Width / 2, viewport.TitleSafeArea.Y + viewport.TitleSafeArea.Height / 2); players[i] = new Player(playerPosition, playerSprites[i], GameRef, viewport); } //players[1].Keyboard = true; } public override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { base.Draw(gameTime); foreach (Player player in players) { GraphicsDevice.Viewport = player.PlayerCamera.ViewPort; GameRef.spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, BlendState.AlphaBlend, SamplerState.PointClamp, null, null, null, player.PlayerCamera.Transform); map.Draw(GameRef.spriteBatch); // Draw the Player player.Draw(GameRef.spriteBatch); // Draw UI screen elements GraphicsDevice.Viewport = Viewport; ControlManager.Draw(GameRef.spriteBatch); GameRef.spriteBatch.End(); } } the player's initialize and draw methods are like so internal void Initialize() { this.score = 0; this.angle = (float)(Math.PI * 0 / 180);//Start sprite at it's default rotation int width = utils.scaleInt(picture.Width, imageScale); int height = utils.scaleInt(picture.Height, imageScale); this.hitBox = new HitBox(new Vector2(centerPos.X - width / 2, centerPos.Y - height / 2), width, height, Color.Black, game.Window.ClientBounds); playerCamera.Initialize(); } #region Methods public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { //Console.WriteLine("Hitbox: X({0}),Y({1})", hitBox.Points[0].X, hitBox.Points[0].Y); //Console.WriteLine("Image: X({0}),Y({1})", centerPos.X, centerPos.Y); Vector2 orgin = new Vector2(picture.Width / 2, picture.Height / 2); hitBox.Draw(spriteBatch); utils.DrawCrosshair(spriteBatch, Position, game.Window.ClientBounds, Color.Red); spriteBatch.Draw(picture, Position, null, Color.White, angle, orgin, imageScale, SpriteEffects.None, 0.1f); } as I said I think I'm gonna need to do something with the render position but I'm to entirely sure what or how it would be elegant to say the least

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  • LibGDX drawing map using tiles without space

    - by Enayat Muradi
    I am making a board game. To draw the map on the board I use different tiles. On some screen the map looks good but on some other screens there is a space between the tiles. How can I do so there won't be any space between the tiles? I am designing my game with the size 480x800. To fit other screens I stretch it. My tiles looks like this: I draw the map using a for loop to draw the tile in different (x,y) position on screen. Here is what I mean with space between tiles: Screen with 240x400 Screen with 360x600, here there is no spacing between tiles. I use camera and the screen to draw I don't use stage. I have also tried to use Viewport but I get the same results. cam = new OrthographicCamera();cam.setToOrtho(true, gameWidth, gameHeight); batcher = new SpriteBatch(); batcher.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); shapeRenderer = new ShapeRenderer(); shapeRenderer.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); How can I do to solve the problem?

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  • Good resources for learning about graphics hardware

    - by Ken
    I'm looking for some good learning resources for graphics hardware (and associated low level software). Basically I want to learn more about what goes on underneath the opengl/direcx API layers in terms of how things are implemented. I familiar with what happens in principle during the various stages of the rendering pipeline (viewing, projection, clipping, rasterization etc). My goal is to be able to make better and more informed decisions about tradeoffs and potential optimisations when graphics/shader programming with respect to the following kinds of issues; batching view culling occlusions draw order avoiding state changes triangles vs pointsprites texture sampling etc Basically whatever the graphics programmer needs to know about modern graphics hardware in order to become more effective. I'm not really looking for specific optimisation techniques, rather I need more general knowledge so that I will naturally write more efficient code.

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  • Which code module should map physical keys to abstract keys?

    - by Paul Manta
    How do you bridge the gap between the library's low-level event system and your engine's high-level event system? (I'm not necessarily talking about key events, but also about quit events.) At the top level of my event system, I send out KeyPressedEvents, KeyRelesedEvents and others of this kind. These high-level events only contain the abstract values of the keys (they don't say that Space way pressed, but that the JumpKey was pressed, for example). Whose responsibility should it be to map the "JumpKey" to an actual key on the keyboard?

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  • Best approach to get clicked objects from a display list (2D)

    - by Ixx
    I'm implementing a display list to manage my visuals on screen. I want to know which object is clicked. My objects already have z-order variable. With my current knowledge (almost nothing) the only thing which comes to my mind is make a linear search and get all the objects which contains the clicked point. And then select the object with the highest z-order. But I know there are far better approaches. I think it's something with trees (binary search?). - container display objects and search recursively? just don't know where to start looking, for this concrete case. Any hint link or concrete solution is welcome.

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  • Efficient Way to Draw Grids in XNA

    - by sm81095
    So I am working on a game right now, using Monogame as my framework, and it has come time to render my world. My world is made up of a grid (think Terraria but top-down instead of from the side), and it has multiple layers of grids in a single world. Knowing how inefficient it is to call SpriteBatch.Draw() a lot of times, I tried to implement a system where the tile would only be drawn if it wasn't hidden by the layers above it. The problem is, I'm getting worse performance by checking if it's hidden than when I just let everything draw even if it's not visible. So my question is: how to I efficiently check if a tile is hidden to cut down on the draw() calls? Here is my draw code for a single layer, drawing floors, and then the tiles (which act like walls): public void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { int drawAmt = 0; int width = Tile.TILE_DIM; int startX = (int)_parent.XOffset; int startY = (int)_parent.YOffset; //Gets the starting tiles and the dimensions to draw tiles, so only onscreen tiles are drawn, allowing for the drawing of large worlds int tileDrawWidth = ((CIGame.Instance.Graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth / width) + 4); int tileDrawHeight = ((CIGame.Instance.Graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight / width) + 4); int tileStartX = (int)MathHelper.Clamp((-startX / width) - 2, 0, this.Width); int tileStartY = (int)MathHelper.Clamp((-startY / width) - 2, 0, this.Height); #region Draw Floors and Tiles CIGame.Instance.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(_worldTarget); CIGame.Instance.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Black); CIGame.Instance.SpriteBatch.Begin(); //Draw floors for (int x = tileStartX; x < (int)MathHelper.Clamp(tileStartX + tileDrawWidth, 0, this.Width); x++) { for (int y = tileStartY; y < (int)MathHelper.Clamp(tileStartY + tileDrawHeight, 0, this.Height); y++) { //Check if this tile is hidden by layer above it bool visible = true; for (int i = this.LayerNumber; i <= _parent.ActiveLayer; i++) { if (this.LayerNumber != (_parent.Layers - 1) && (_parent.GetTileAt(x, y, i + 1).Opacity >= 1.0f || _parent.GetFloorAt(x, y, i + 1).Opacity >= 1.0f)) { visible = false; break; } } //Only draw if visible under the tile above it if (visible && this.GetTileAt(x, y).Opacity < 1.0f) { Texture2D tex = WorldTextureManager.GetFloorTexture((Floor)_floors[x, y]); Rectangle source = WorldTextureManager.GetSourceForIndex(((Floor)_floors[x, y]).GetTextureIndexFromSurroundings(x, y, this), tex); Rectangle draw = new Rectangle(startX + x * width, startY + y * width, width, width); CIGame.Instance.SpriteBatch.Draw(tex, draw, source, Color.White * ((Floor)_floors[x, y]).Opacity); drawAmt++; } } } //Draw tiles for (int x = tileStartX; x < (int)MathHelper.Clamp(tileStartX + tileDrawWidth, 0, this.Width); x++) { for (int y = tileStartY; y < (int)MathHelper.Clamp(tileStartY + tileDrawHeight, 0, this.Height); y++) { //Check if this tile is hidden by layers above it bool visible = true; for (int i = this.LayerNumber; i <= _parent.ActiveLayer; i++) { if (this.LayerNumber != (_parent.Layers - 1) && (_parent.GetTileAt(x, y, i + 1).Opacity >= 1.0f || _parent.GetFloorAt(x, y, i + 1).Opacity >= 1.0f)) { visible = false; break; } } if (visible) { Texture2D tex = WorldTextureManager.GetTileTexture((Tile)_tiles[x, y]); Rectangle source = WorldTextureManager.GetSourceForIndex(((Tile)_tiles[x, y]).GetTextureIndexFromSurroundings(x, y, this), tex); Rectangle draw = new Rectangle(startX + x * width, startY + y * width, width, width); CIGame.Instance.SpriteBatch.Draw(tex, draw, source, Color.White * ((Tile)_tiles[x, y]).Opacity); drawAmt++; } } } CIGame.Instance.SpriteBatch.End(); Console.WriteLine(drawAmt); CIGame.Instance.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); //TODO: Change to new rendertarget instead of null #endregion } So I was wondering if this is an efficient way, but I'm going about it wrongly, or if there is a different, more efficient way to check if the tiles are hidden. EDIT: For example of how much it affects performance: using a world with three layers, allowing everything to draw no matter what gives me 60FPS, but checking if its visible with all of the layers above it gives me only 20FPS, while checking only the layer immediately above it gives me a fluctuating FPS between 30 and 40FPS.

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