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  • How to play many sounds at once in OpenAL

    - by Krom Stern
    I'm developing an RTS game and I would like to add sounds to it. My choice has landed on OpenAL. I have plenty of units which from time to time make sounds: fSound.Play(sfx_shoot, location). Sounds often repeat, e.g. when squad of archers shoots arrows, but they are not synced with each other. My questions are: What is the common design pattern to play multiple sounds in OpenAL, when some of them are duplicate? What are the hardware limitations on sounds count and tricks to overcome them?

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  • DirectX 11 Constant Buffers vs Effect Framework

    - by Alex
    I'm having some trouble understanding the differences between using constant buffers or using the effect framework of DirectX11 for updating shader constants. From what I understand they both do exactly the same thing, although from reading the documentation it appears as if using effects is meant to be 'easier'. However they seem the same to me, one uses VSSetConstantBuffers and the other GetConstantBufferByName. Is there something I'm missing here?

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  • Calculate vector direction

    - by Starkers
    Is the direction angle always measured from the plus x axis? Does a vector in the +,+ quadrant always have a direction between 0 and 90, and in -,+ between 90 and 180 and in -,- between 180 and 270 and in -,+ between 270 and 360 ? Also, how should we calculate the direction using tan? Would that mean nested if statements to find out what quadrant we're in, and then applying the appropriate "work arounds"? E.g. If we were in the -,+ (like in the diagram) would we find the angle from the + axis would be 90 + tan^-1(y/x), the 90 + only used because we're in the -,+ quadrant. Also, that's just a quick solution, may be off, I just want to know if we use nested if statements to get the angle from the + x axis. Finally, should we find the distance in degrees or radians?

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  • LibGDX onTouch() method Array and flip method

    - by johnny-b
    How can I add this on my application. i want to use the onTouch() method from the implementation of the InputProcessor to kill the enemies on screen. how do i do that? do i have to do anything to the enemy class? also i am trying to add a Array of enemies and it keeps throwing exceptions or the bullet now is facing LEFT <--- again after I used the flip method in the bullet class. All the code is below so please anyone feel free to have a look thanks. please help Thank you M // This is the bullet class. public class Bullet extends Sprite { public static final float BULLET_HOMING = 6000; public static final float BULLET_SPEED = 300; private Vector2 velocity; private float lifetime; private Rectangle bul; public Bullet(float x, float y) { velocity = new Vector2(0, 0); setPosition(x, y); AssetLoader.bullet1.flip(true, false); AssetLoader.bullet2.flip(true, false); setSize(AssetLoader.bullet1.getWidth(), AssetLoader.bullet1.getHeight()); bul = new Rectangle(); } public void update(float delta) { float targetX = GameWorld.getBall().getX(); float targetY = GameWorld.getBall().getY(); float dx = targetX - getX(); float dy = targetY - getY(); float distToTarget = (float) Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy); dx /= distToTarget; dy /= distToTarget; dx *= BULLET_HOMING; dy *= BULLET_HOMING; velocity.x += dx * delta; velocity.y += dy * delta; float vMag = (float) Math.sqrt(velocity.x * velocity.x + velocity.y * velocity.y); velocity.x /= vMag; velocity.y /= vMag; velocity.x *= BULLET_SPEED; velocity.y *= BULLET_SPEED; bul.set(getX(), getY(), getOriginX(), getOriginY()); Vector2 v = velocity.cpy().scl(delta); setPosition(getX() + v.x, getY() + v.y); setOriginCenter(); setRotation(velocity.angle()); } public Rectangle getBounds() { return bul; } public Rectangle getBounds1() { return this.getBoundingRectangle(); } } // This is the class where i load all the images from public class AssetLoader { public static Texture texture; public static TextureRegion bg, ball1, ball2; public static Animation bulletAnimation, ballAnimation; public static Sprite bullet1, bullet2; public static void load() { texture = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("SpriteN1.png")); texture.setFilter(TextureFilter.Nearest, TextureFilter.Nearest); bg = new TextureRegion(texture, 80, 421, 395, 30); bg.flip(false, true); ball1 = new TextureRegion(texture, 0, 321, 32, 32); ball1.flip(false, true); ball2 = new TextureRegion(texture, 32, 321, 32, 32); ball2.flip(false, true); bullet1 = new Sprite(texture, 380, 350, 45, 20); bullet1.flip(false, true); bullet2 = new Sprite(texture, 425, 350, 45, 20); bullet2.flip(false, true); TextureRegion[] balls = { ball1, ball2 }; ballAnimation = new Animation(0.16f, balls); ballAnimation.setPlayMode(Animation.PlayMode.LOOP); } Sprite[] bullets = { bullet1, bullet2 }; bulletAnimation = new Animation(0.06f, aims); bulletAnimation.setPlayMode(Animation.PlayMode.LOOP); } public static void dispose() { texture.dispose(); } // This is for the rendering or drawing onto the screen/canvas. public class GameRenderer { private Bullet bullet; private Ball ball; public GameRenderer(GameWorld world) { myWorld = world; cam = new OrthographicCamera(); cam.setToOrtho(true, 480, 320); batcher = new SpriteBatch(); // Attach batcher to camera batcher.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); shapeRenderer = new ShapeRenderer(); shapeRenderer.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); // Call helper methods to initialize instance variables initGameObjects(); initAssets(); } private void initGameObjects() { ball = GameWorld.getBall(); bullet = myWorld.getBullet(); scroller = myWorld.getScroller(); } private void initAssets() { ballAnimation = AssetLoader.ballAnimation; bulletAnimation = AssetLoader.bulletAnimation; } public void render(float runTime) { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL30.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); batcher.begin(); batcher.disableBlending(); batcher.enableBlending(); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.ballAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), ball.getX(), ball.getY(), ball.getWidth(), ball.getHeight()); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.bulletAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), bullet.getX(), bullet.getY(), bullet.getOriginX(), bullet.getOriginY(), bullet.getWidth(), bullet.getHeight(), 1.0f, 1.0f, bullet.getRotation()); // End SpriteBatch batcher.end(); } } // this is to load the image etc on the screen i guess public class GameWorld { public static Ball ball; private Bullet bullet; private ScrollHandler scroller; public GameWorld() { ball = new Ball(480, 273, 32, 32); bullet = new Bullet(10, 10); scroller = new ScrollHandler(0); } public void update(float delta) { ball.update(delta); bullet.update(delta); scroller.update(delta); } public static Ball getBall() { return ball; } public ScrollHandler getScroller() { return scroller; } public Bullet getBullet() { return bullet; } } //This is the input handler class public class InputHandler implements InputProcessor { private Ball myBall; private Bullet bullet; private GameRenderer aims; // Ask for a reference to the Soldier when InputHandler is created. public InputHandler(Ball ball) { myBall = ball; } @Override public boolean touchDown(int screenX, int screenY, int pointer, int button) { return false; } @Override public boolean keyDown(int keycode) { return false; } @Override public boolean keyUp(int keycode) { return false; } @Override public boolean keyTyped(char character) { return false; } @Override public boolean touchUp(int screenX, int screenY, int pointer, int button) { return false; } @Override public boolean touchDragged(int screenX, int screenY, int pointer) { return false; } @Override public boolean mouseMoved(int screenX, int screenY) { return false; } @Override public boolean scrolled(int amount) { return false; } } i am rendering all graphics in a GameRender class and a gameworld class if you need more info please let me know I am trying to make the array work but keep finding that when an array is initialized then the bullet fips back to the original and ends up being backwards???? and if I create an array I keep getting Exceptions throw??? Thank you for any help given.

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  • LibGDX drawing map using tiles without space

    - by Enayat Muradi
    I am making a board game. To draw the map on the board I use different tiles. On some screen the map looks good but on some other screens there is a space between the tiles. How can I do so there won't be any space between the tiles? I am designing my game with the size 480x800. To fit other screens I stretch it. My tiles looks like this: I draw the map using a for loop to draw the tile in different (x,y) position on screen. Here is what I mean with space between tiles: Screen with 240x400 Screen with 360x600, here there is no spacing between tiles. I use camera and the screen to draw I don't use stage. I have also tried to use Viewport but I get the same results. cam = new OrthographicCamera();cam.setToOrtho(true, gameWidth, gameHeight); batcher = new SpriteBatch(); batcher.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); shapeRenderer = new ShapeRenderer(); shapeRenderer.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); How can I do to solve the problem?

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  • XNA 2D Spritesheet drawing rendering problem

    - by user24092
    I'm making a tile-based game, using one spritesheet containing all tile graphics. Each tile has a size of 32x32 pixels. The main problem is: when I draw the tile to the screen, if the tile position x and y are not rounded or if scale is activated in spriteBatch.Draw() method (scale != 1.0f), I get some lines of adjacent tiles on the spritesheet into the current tile drawed. I already tried setting SamplerState to PointClamp, removing AntiAlias, but still doesn't work. Here I'll show images of some tests that I made, with a test sprite sheet that I've created (I made a 9x9 spritesheet, with each sprite of size 32x32 containing a unique solid color). Tests: http://img6.imageshack.us/img6/5946/testsqj.png SpriteSheet used: http://imageshack.us/a/img821/1341/tilesm.png Already tried to remove anti-alias, set PointClamp as sampler state, but still getting this issue, XNA keeps drawing part of the adjacent pixels of the texture on the screen. What I want is to get the correct area of the tilesheet texture (as seen in the first test, that gets just the yellow pixels). My question is: Is there any way that I can fix this, WITHOUT adding tile spacing or any other modification involving the tilesheet? Maybe disabling a texture filtering that is done by XNA, or something like that.

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  • Which code module should map physical keys to abstract keys?

    - by Paul Manta
    How do you bridge the gap between the library's low-level event system and your engine's high-level event system? (I'm not necessarily talking about key events, but also about quit events.) At the top level of my event system, I send out KeyPressedEvents, KeyRelesedEvents and others of this kind. These high-level events only contain the abstract values of the keys (they don't say that Space way pressed, but that the JumpKey was pressed, for example). Whose responsibility should it be to map the "JumpKey" to an actual key on the keyboard?

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  • AndEngine GLES2 - getting Black screen on emulator 4.1

    - by dizworld.com
    I'm new in andengine . I create following code public class MainActivity extends BaseGameActivity { static final int CAMERA_WIDTH = 800; static final int CAMERA_HEIGHT = 480; public Font mFont; public Camera mCamera; //A reference to the current scene public Scene mCurrentScene; public static BaseActivity instance; public EngineOptions onCreateEngineOptions() { instance = this; mCamera = new Camera(0, 0, CAMERA_WIDTH, CAMERA_HEIGHT); return new EngineOptions(true, ScreenOrientation.LANDSCAPE_SENSOR, new RatioResolutionPolicy(CAMERA_WIDTH, CAMERA_HEIGHT), mCamera); } @Override public void onCreateResources(OnCreateResourcesCallback arg0) throws Exception { mFont = FontFactory.create(this.getFontManager(),this.getTextureManager(), 256, 256,Typeface.create(Typeface.DEFAULT, Typeface.BOLD), 32); mFont.load(); } @Override public void onCreateScene(OnCreateSceneCallback arg0) throws Exception { mEngine.registerUpdateHandler(new FPSLogger()); mCurrentScene = new Scene(); Log.v("Scene","enter"); mCurrentScene.setBackground(new Background(0.09804f, 0.7274f, 0.8f)); // return mCurrentScene; } @Override public void onPopulateScene(Scene arg0, OnPopulateSceneCallback arg1) throws Exception { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } } I got code on sites there is returning scene but in AndEngine GLES2 in method onCreateScene() there is no return scene ... so my First run is BLACK .. any suggestion :)

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  • Kinect losing tracked players with Beta2 SDK

    - by Eric B
    So i'm creating a game using the Beta2 SDK for Kinect. The issue i am having is that in the middle of gameplay if another person enters the Kinects FOV it stops tracking the player and will not track anyone else for several minutes. Same deal if the player leaves the FOV and reenters it. Here is what im using to detect players. void nui_SkeletonFrameReady(object sender, SkeletonFrameReadyEventArgs e) { int playersAlive = 0; // reset lists skeletons = new Dictionary<int, SkeletonData>(); //create a new list for skeletons menuSkeleton = new List<SkeletonData>(); initialPlayers = new Dictionary<float, SkeletonData>(); //create a new list for initialPlayers foreach (SkeletonData s in e.SkeletonFrame.Skeletons) //for each skeleton the kinect has detected { if (s.TrackingState == SkeletonTrackingState.Tracked) // players found { menuSkeleton.Add(s); if (initialized) // after initialization { skeletons.Add(s.TrackingID, s); } else // before initialization initialPlayers.Add(s.Joints[JointID.ShoulderCenter].Position.X, s); //if we are not initialized then add this player to the inital player list. playersAlive++; } } if (playersAlive == TOTAL_PLAYERS_ALLOWED) // If there is one player { if (!inMiniGame) // Before the game starts gameStart = DateTime.Now; // Reset initialization timer if (!initialized) // Before initialization // NOTE TO SELF I TOOK OUT && inMenu { InitializePlayers(); if (DateTime.Now.Subtract(gameStart).TotalMilliseconds > INITIALIZATION_WAIT_TIME) { initialized = true; // initialize timers from fixed starting time if (inMiniGame) //if the game has started { gamePause = gameStart; //TODO ERIC: Initialize any Timers Here } } } } } /// <summary> /// this function initializes the players adding them to a list /// and making one of the players the menu controller, for LIM we will need to change the code so that the /// game only recognizes and supports one player at a time /// variable names will need to be change as well. /// </summary> private void InitializePlayers() { List<float> initialPos = new List<float>(); // used to track starting positions players = new Dictionary<int, Player>(); foreach (float pos in initialPlayers.Keys) { initialPos.Add(pos); //add position of each inital player to list } float first = initialPos[0]; // left player first, right second Player player = new Player(initialPlayers[first].TrackingID, true); player.PlayerNumber = PLAYER_ONE; player.Skeleton = initialPlayers[first]; player.Specifics = new PlayerSpecifics(player.PlayerNumber); player.Specifics.PauseTimer = gameStart; players.Add(initialPlayers[first].TrackingID, player); menuController = initialPlayers[first].TrackingID; //menu controller is player 1 } This is a one player game. Also when the game starts Initialize is set to false, and gets set to true when i go from the games menu into the gameplay. So can anyone see any issues with this code block that would cause the kinect to lose players as they enter/exit the FOV? and not re-track them? Thank you for any help.

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  • Best practices on separating Update and Draw on game loop

    - by Galvanize
    I've been working on my first HTML5 prototype and I found a good model that uses the regular Update and Draw loop we see in game dev. My question is, where does one end and the other begins? The question popped when I wanted to rotate and draw an Image, and I kept wondering if the work of changing the tranformation matrix (that I presume would be a bit expensive since it works on the whole pixel array of an image) and calculating the right position do draw it would characterize drawing work, or maybe not, since after that I may need to check for collision or something similar. Thinkig of it, seems like a silly question, but I would like some advice from more experienced developers. Where does does update ends and draw starts? Thanks in advance.

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  • 2D mouse coordinates from 3d object projection

    - by user17753
    Not entirely certain of the nomenclature here -- basically, after placing a model in world coordinates and setting up a 3D camera to look at it the model has been projected onto the screen in a 2D fashion. What I'd like to do is determine if the mouse is inside the projected view of the model. Is there a way to "unproject" in the XNA framework? Or what is this process called as, so that I can better search for it?

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  • Can I use one set of images to represent multiple sprites in Java?

    - by mal
    I've got a game that has 3 basic sprites, at the moment I'm loading 8 images into each sprite for animating. Each character class has a sprite object. if I've got 10 characters on screen at once then that's 80 images loaded in to memory. Can I make a central sprite class that only holds 8 images for each of the 3 sprites, then get the character objects to request the relevant images from the central sprite class, thereby massively reducing the memory required for the images?

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  • Why my collision detection is not accurate?

    - by optimisez
    After trying and trying, I still cannot understand why the leg of character exceeds the wall but no clipping issue when I hit the wall from below. How should I fix it to make him standstill on the wall? void initPlayer() { // Create texture. hr = D3DXCreateTextureFromFileEx(d3dDevice, "player.png", 169, 44, D3DX_DEFAULT, NULL, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255), NULL, NULL, &player); playerRect.left = playerRect.top = 0; playerRect.right = 29; playerRect.bottom = 36; playerDest.X = 0; playerDest.Y = 564; playerDest.length = playerRect.right - playerRect.left; playerDest.height = playerRect.bottom - playerRect.top; } void initBox() { hr = D3DXCreateTextureFromFileEx(d3dDevice, "brock.png", 330, 132, D3DX_DEFAULT, NULL, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255), NULL, NULL, &box); boxRect.left = 33; boxRect.top = 0; boxRect.right = 63; boxRect.bottom = 30; boxDest.X = boxDest.Y = 300; boxDest.length = boxRect.right - boxRect.left; boxDest.height = boxRect.bottom - boxRect.top; } bool spriteCollide(Entity player, Entity target) { float left1, left2; float right1, right2; float top1, top2; float bottom1, bottom2; left1 = player.X; left2 = target.X; right1 = player.X + player.length; right2 = target.X + target.length; top1 = player.Y; top2 = target.Y; bottom1 = player.Y + player.height; bottom2 = target.Y + target.height; if (bottom1 < top2) return false; if (top1 > bottom2) return false; if (right1 < left2) return false; if (left1 > right2) return false; return true; } void collideWithBox() { if ( spriteCollide(playerDest, boxDest) && keyArr[VK_UP]) //playerDest.Y += 50; playerDest.Y = boxDest.Y + boxDest.height; else if ( spriteCollide(playerDest, boxDest) && !keyArr[VK_UP]) playerDest.Y = boxDest.Y - boxDest.height; }

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  • Adding root bone in 3DS Max?

    - by carlturtle
    my animation artist has made me a nice first person pair of arms, animated it, textured it, and given it to me. Then he went on vacation. I am programming my animations, and I am trying to test the model he has given me. Building my project gives me a warning: Multiple skeletons were found in the file. The first skeleton, named "frame l upperarm" has been moved to be a child of the scene root. The other, "frame r upperarm", will be ignored. Fragment identifier "frame r upperarm". Then an error: "Vertex is bound to bone "frame l forearm", but this bone is not present in the skeleton." I realize this means that there are two skeletons, as said in this problem: Importing 3d model with multiple skeletons I have 3DS Max, but I have no idea how to use it, and Google/CGTalk/Plycount turn up nothing relevant on how to add a root bone or combine skeletons. If anyone knows how, it would help me out greatly. Thanks.

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  • XNA Rendering vertices that only appear within the cameras view

    - by user1157885
    I'm making a game in XNA and I recall hearing that professionally made games use a technique to only render the polygons that appear within the cameras projection. I've been trying to find something on this to do something similar in my game, could anyone point me in the right direction? Right now all I have is a plane/grid of vertices that you can set the X/Y on which is drawn using DrawUserIndexedPrimitives, but I plan to make a bunch of props as scenery items and I can imagine myself running into issues later on if I don't address this now. Thanks

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  • OpenGL Application displays only 1 frame

    - by Avi
    EDIT: I have verified that the problem is not the VBO class or the vertex array class, but rather something else. I have a problem where my vertex buffer class works the first time its called, but displays nothing any other time its called. I don't know why this is, and it's also the same in my vertex array class. I'm calling the functions in this order to set up the buffers: enable client states bind buffers set buffer / array data unbind buffers disable client states Then in the draw function, that's called every frame: enable client states bind buffers set pointers unbind buffers bind index buffer draw elements unbind index buffer disable client states Is there something wrong with the order in which I'm calling the functions, or is it a more specific code error? EDIT: here's some of the code Code for setting pointers: //element is the vertex attribute being drawn (e.g. normals, colors, etc.) static void makeElementPointer(VertexBufferElements::VBOElement element, Shader *shade, void *elementLocation) { //elementLocation is BUFFER_OFFSET(n) if a buffer is bound switch (element) { .... glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, elementLocation); //changes based on element .... //but I'm only dealing with } //vertices for now } And that's basically all the code that isn't just a straight OpenGL function call.

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  • How do you cope mentally with one very long piece of work

    - by Asher Einhorn
    This is my first games industry job and my task is to take out one major game component and put in a newer one. So far it's been 5 weeks, and I'm still just staring at errors. I think it could be months before it's at the point that it can compile. It's really getting me down. I'm just changing things over, I'm not really writing anything myself. it's just endless. I fix a thousand errors and nine thousand take their place. I'm sure this must be a common thing, so I was just wondering, how do you cope with this? It doesn't seem like I can break it down into little chunks at all.

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  • Which isometric angles can be mirrored (and otherwise transformed) for optimization?

    - by Tom
    I am working on a basic isometric game, and am struggling to find the correct mirrors. Mirror can be any form of transform. I have managed to get SE out of SW, by scaling the sprite on X axis by -1. Same applies for NE angle. Something is bugging me, that I should be able to also mirror N to S, but I cannot manage to pull this one off. Am I just too sleepy and trying to do the impossible, or a basic -1 scale on Y axis is not enough? What are the common used mirror table for optimizing 8 angle (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW) isometric sprites?

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  • How can I make a collection of mini-games in XNA where the user can download packs of minigames and the main .exe can run them without being altered?

    - by Pyroka
    I'm currently making a PC game in XNA. It's actually a collection of mini-games (there's 3 mini-games at the moment) however I plan to make and add more, in downloadable 'packs'. My question is, what's the best way to achieve this? Currently my thoughts are: Create a 'game' interface Build games to this interface but create them as .dlls Have the main .exe file scan a directory and load in the .dlls at runtime. I've not messed around with the idea much, but I know there are applications at-least that use this plug-in approach (Notepad++ seems to), but I'm not sure of any games that do (although I'm sure they must exist). However it seems that this is a problem that has been solved previously, so I'm wondering if there's any form of established best-practice.

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  • Need a good quality bitmap rotation algorithm for Android

    - by Lumis
    I am creating a kaleidoscopic effect on an android tablet. I am using the code below to rotate a slice of an image, but as you can see in the image when rotating a bitmap 60 degrees it distorts it quite a lot (red rectangles) – it is smudging the image! I have set dither and anti-alias flags but it does not help much. I think it is just not a very sophisticated bitmap rotation algorithm. canvas.save(); canvas.rotate(angle, screenW/2, screenH/2); canvas.drawBitmap(picSlice, screenW/2, screenH/2, pOutput); canvas.restore(); So I wonder if you can help me find a better way to rotate a bitmap. It does not have to be fast, because I intend to use a high quality rotation only when I want to save the screen to the SD card - I would redraw the screen in memory before saving. Do you know any comprehensible or replicable algorithm for bitmap rotation that I could programme or use as a library? Or any other suggestion? EDIT: The answers below made me think if Android OS had bilinear or bicubic interpolation option and after some search I found that it does have its own version of it called FilterBitmap. After applying it to my paint pOutput.setFilterBitmap(true); I get much better result

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  • enemy behavior with boundary to change direction

    - by BadSniper
    I'm doing space shooter kind of game, the logic is to reflect the enemy if it hits the boundary. With my logic, sometimes enemy behaves like flickering instead of changing the velocity. It's like trapped in the boundary and checking for if loops. This is my code for velocity changing: if(this->enemyPos.x>14) { this->enemyVel.x = -this->enemyVel.x; } if(this->enemyPos.x<-14) { this->enemyVel.x = -this->enemyVel.x; } How can I get around this? Its going out of boundary and don't know where to go and after sometimes its coming into field. I know whats the problem is, I dont know how to get around this problem.

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  • HLSL Shader not working right?

    - by dvds414
    Okay so I have this shader for ambient occlusion. It loads to world correctly, but it just shows all the models as being white. I do not know why. I am just running the shader while the model is rendering, is that correct? or do I need to make a render target or something? if so then how? I'm using C++. Here is my shader. float sampleRadius; float distanceScale; float4x4 xProjection; float4x4 xView; float4x4 xWorld; float3 cornerFustrum; struct VS_OUTPUT { float4 pos : POSITION; float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0; float3 viewDirection : TEXCOORD1; }; VS_OUTPUT VertexShaderFunction( float4 Position : POSITION, float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0) { VS_OUTPUT Out = (VS_OUTPUT)0; float4 WorldPosition = mul(Position, xWorld); float4 ViewPosition = mul(WorldPosition, xView); Out.pos = mul(ViewPosition, xProjection); Position.xy = sign(Position.xy); Out.TexCoord = (float2(Position.x, -Position.y) + float2( 1.0f, 1.0f ) ) * 0.5f; float3 corner = float3(-cornerFustrum.x * Position.x, cornerFustrum.y * Position.y, cornerFustrum.z); Out.viewDirection = corner; return Out; } texture depthTexture; texture randomTexture; sampler2D depthSampler = sampler_state { Texture = <depthTexture>; ADDRESSU = CLAMP; ADDRESSV = CLAMP; MAGFILTER = LINEAR; MINFILTER = LINEAR; }; sampler2D RandNormal = sampler_state { Texture = <randomTexture>; ADDRESSU = WRAP; ADDRESSV = WRAP; MAGFILTER = LINEAR; MINFILTER = LINEAR; }; float4 PixelShaderFunction(VS_OUTPUT IN) : COLOR0 { float4 samples[16] = { float4(0.355512, -0.709318, -0.102371, 0.0 ), float4(0.534186, 0.71511, -0.115167, 0.0 ), float4(-0.87866, 0.157139, -0.115167, 0.0 ), float4(0.140679, -0.475516, -0.0639818, 0.0 ), float4(-0.0796121, 0.158842, -0.677075, 0.0 ), float4(-0.0759516, -0.101676, -0.483625, 0.0 ), float4(0.12493, -0.0223423, -0.483625, 0.0 ), float4(-0.0720074, 0.243395, -0.967251, 0.0 ), float4(-0.207641, 0.414286, 0.187755, 0.0 ), float4(-0.277332, -0.371262, 0.187755, 0.0 ), float4(0.63864, -0.114214, 0.262857, 0.0 ), float4(-0.184051, 0.622119, 0.262857, 0.0 ), float4(0.110007, -0.219486, 0.435574, 0.0 ), float4(0.235085, 0.314707, 0.696918, 0.0 ), float4(-0.290012, 0.0518654, 0.522688, 0.0 ), float4(0.0975089, -0.329594, 0.609803, 0.0 ) }; IN.TexCoord.x += 1.0/1600.0; IN.TexCoord.y += 1.0/1200.0; normalize (IN.viewDirection); float depth = tex2D(depthSampler, IN.TexCoord).a; float3 se = depth * IN.viewDirection; float3 randNormal = tex2D( RandNormal, IN.TexCoord * 200.0 ).rgb; float3 normal = tex2D(depthSampler, IN.TexCoord).rgb; float finalColor = 0.0f; for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) { float3 ray = reflect(samples[i].xyz,randNormal) * sampleRadius; //if (dot(ray, normal) < 0) // ray += normal * sampleRadius; float4 sample = float4(se + ray, 1.0f); float4 ss = mul(sample, xProjection); float2 sampleTexCoord = 0.5f * ss.xy/ss.w + float2(0.5f, 0.5f); sampleTexCoord.x += 1.0/1600.0; sampleTexCoord.y += 1.0/1200.0; float sampleDepth = tex2D(depthSampler, sampleTexCoord).a; if (sampleDepth == 1.0) { finalColor ++; } else { float occlusion = distanceScale* max(sampleDepth - depth, 0.0f); finalColor += 1.0f / (1.0f + occlusion * occlusion * 0.1); } } return float4(finalColor/16, finalColor/16, finalColor/16, 1.0f); } technique SSAO { pass P0 { VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 VertexShaderFunction(); PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 PixelShaderFunction(); } }

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  • Very basic OpenGL ES 2 error

    - by user16547
    This is an incredibly simple shader, yet I'm having a lot of trouble understanding what's wrong with it. I'm trying to send a float to my fragment shader. Its purpose is to adjust the alpha of the fragment colour. Here is my fragment shader: precision mediump float; uniform sampler2D u_Texture; uniform float u_Alpha; varying vec2 v_TexCoordinate; void main() { gl_FragColor = texture2D(u_Texture, v_TexCoordinate); gl_FragColor.a *= u_Alpha; } and below is my rendering method. I get a 1282 (invalid operation) on the GLES20.glUniform1f(u_Alpha, alpha); line. alpha is 1 (but I tried other values as well) and transparent is true: public void render() { GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram); if(transparent) { GLES20.glEnable(GLES20.GL_BLEND); GLES20.glBlendFunc(GLES20.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GLES20.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); GLES20.glUniform1f(u_Alpha, alpha); } Matrix.setIdentityM(mModelMatrix, 0); Matrix.rotateM(mModelMatrix, 0, angle, 0, 0, 1); Matrix.translateM(mModelMatrix, 0, x, y, z); Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mViewMatrix, 0, mModelMatrix, 0); Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mProjectionMatrix, 0, mMVPMatrix, 0); GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(u_MVPMatrix, 1, false, mMVPMatrix, 0); GLES20.glBindBuffer(GLES20.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[0]); GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(a_Position, 3, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 12, 0); GLES20.glBindBuffer(GLES20.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[1]); GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(a_TexCoordinate, 2, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 8, 0); //snowTexture start GLES20.glActiveTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE0); GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureHandle[0]); GLES20.glUniform1i(u_Texture, 0); GLES20.glBindBuffer(GLES20.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ibo[0]); GLES20.glDrawElements(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, indices.capacity(), GLES20.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0); GLES20.glBindBuffer(GLES20.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); GLES20.glBindBuffer(GLES20.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); if(transparent) { GLES20.glDisable(GLES20.GL_BLEND); } GLES20.glUseProgram(0); }

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  • Octrees as data structure

    - by Christian Frantz
    In my cube world, I want to use octrees to represent my chunks of 20x20x20 cubes for frustum and occlusion culling. I understand how octrees work, I just dont know if I'm going about this the right way. My base octree class is taken from here: http://www.xnawiki.com/index.php/Octree What I'm wondering is how to apply occlusion culling using this class. Does it make sense to have one octree for each cube chunk? Or should I make the octree bigger? Since I'm using cubes, each cube should fit into a node without overlap so that won't be an issue

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  • Efficient Way to Draw Grids in XNA

    - by sm81095
    So I am working on a game right now, using Monogame as my framework, and it has come time to render my world. My world is made up of a grid (think Terraria but top-down instead of from the side), and it has multiple layers of grids in a single world. Knowing how inefficient it is to call SpriteBatch.Draw() a lot of times, I tried to implement a system where the tile would only be drawn if it wasn't hidden by the layers above it. The problem is, I'm getting worse performance by checking if it's hidden than when I just let everything draw even if it's not visible. So my question is: how to I efficiently check if a tile is hidden to cut down on the draw() calls? Here is my draw code for a single layer, drawing floors, and then the tiles (which act like walls): public void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { int drawAmt = 0; int width = Tile.TILE_DIM; int startX = (int)_parent.XOffset; int startY = (int)_parent.YOffset; //Gets the starting tiles and the dimensions to draw tiles, so only onscreen tiles are drawn, allowing for the drawing of large worlds int tileDrawWidth = ((CIGame.Instance.Graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth / width) + 4); int tileDrawHeight = ((CIGame.Instance.Graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight / width) + 4); int tileStartX = (int)MathHelper.Clamp((-startX / width) - 2, 0, this.Width); int tileStartY = (int)MathHelper.Clamp((-startY / width) - 2, 0, this.Height); #region Draw Floors and Tiles CIGame.Instance.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(_worldTarget); CIGame.Instance.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Black); CIGame.Instance.SpriteBatch.Begin(); //Draw floors for (int x = tileStartX; x < (int)MathHelper.Clamp(tileStartX + tileDrawWidth, 0, this.Width); x++) { for (int y = tileStartY; y < (int)MathHelper.Clamp(tileStartY + tileDrawHeight, 0, this.Height); y++) { //Check if this tile is hidden by layer above it bool visible = true; for (int i = this.LayerNumber; i <= _parent.ActiveLayer; i++) { if (this.LayerNumber != (_parent.Layers - 1) && (_parent.GetTileAt(x, y, i + 1).Opacity >= 1.0f || _parent.GetFloorAt(x, y, i + 1).Opacity >= 1.0f)) { visible = false; break; } } //Only draw if visible under the tile above it if (visible && this.GetTileAt(x, y).Opacity < 1.0f) { Texture2D tex = WorldTextureManager.GetFloorTexture((Floor)_floors[x, y]); Rectangle source = WorldTextureManager.GetSourceForIndex(((Floor)_floors[x, y]).GetTextureIndexFromSurroundings(x, y, this), tex); Rectangle draw = new Rectangle(startX + x * width, startY + y * width, width, width); CIGame.Instance.SpriteBatch.Draw(tex, draw, source, Color.White * ((Floor)_floors[x, y]).Opacity); drawAmt++; } } } //Draw tiles for (int x = tileStartX; x < (int)MathHelper.Clamp(tileStartX + tileDrawWidth, 0, this.Width); x++) { for (int y = tileStartY; y < (int)MathHelper.Clamp(tileStartY + tileDrawHeight, 0, this.Height); y++) { //Check if this tile is hidden by layers above it bool visible = true; for (int i = this.LayerNumber; i <= _parent.ActiveLayer; i++) { if (this.LayerNumber != (_parent.Layers - 1) && (_parent.GetTileAt(x, y, i + 1).Opacity >= 1.0f || _parent.GetFloorAt(x, y, i + 1).Opacity >= 1.0f)) { visible = false; break; } } if (visible) { Texture2D tex = WorldTextureManager.GetTileTexture((Tile)_tiles[x, y]); Rectangle source = WorldTextureManager.GetSourceForIndex(((Tile)_tiles[x, y]).GetTextureIndexFromSurroundings(x, y, this), tex); Rectangle draw = new Rectangle(startX + x * width, startY + y * width, width, width); CIGame.Instance.SpriteBatch.Draw(tex, draw, source, Color.White * ((Tile)_tiles[x, y]).Opacity); drawAmt++; } } } CIGame.Instance.SpriteBatch.End(); Console.WriteLine(drawAmt); CIGame.Instance.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); //TODO: Change to new rendertarget instead of null #endregion } So I was wondering if this is an efficient way, but I'm going about it wrongly, or if there is a different, more efficient way to check if the tiles are hidden. EDIT: For example of how much it affects performance: using a world with three layers, allowing everything to draw no matter what gives me 60FPS, but checking if its visible with all of the layers above it gives me only 20FPS, while checking only the layer immediately above it gives me a fluctuating FPS between 30 and 40FPS.

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