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• Data for animation

  - by saadtaame

  Say you are using C/SDL for a 2D game project. It's often the case that people use a structure to represent a frame in an animation. The struct consists of an image and how much time the frame is supposed to be visible. Is this data sufficient to represent somewhat complex animatio? Is it a good idea to separate animation management code and animation data? Can somebody provide a link to animations tutorials that store animations in a file and retrieve them when needed. I read this in a book (AI game programming wisdom) but would like to see a real implementation.

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• HTML5 - check if font has loaded

  - by espais

  At present I load my font for my game in with @font-face For instance: @font-face { font-family: 'Orbitron'; src: url('res/orbitron-medium.ttf'); } and then reference it throughout my JS implementation as such: ctx.font = "12pt Orbitron"; where ctx is my 2d context from the canvas. However, I notice a certain lag time while the font is downloaded to the user. Is there a way I can use a default font until it is loaded in? Edit - I'll expand the question, because I hadn't taken the first comment into account. What would the proper method of handling this be in the case that a user has disabled custom fonts?

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• Low CPU/Memory/Memory-bandwith Pathfinding (maybe like in Warcraft 1)

  - by Valmond

  Dijkstra and A* are all nice and popular but what kind of algorithm was used in Warcraft 1 for pathfinding? I remember that the enemy could get trapped in bowl-like caverns which means there were (most probably) no full-path calculations from "start to end". If I recall correctly, the algorithm could be something like this: A) Move towards enemy until success or hitting a wall B) If blocked by a wall, follow the wall until you can move towards the enemy without being blocked and then do A) But I'd like to know, if someone knows :-) [edit] As explained to Byte56, I'm searching for a low cpu/mem/mem-bandwidth algo and wanted to know if Warcraft had some special secrets to deliver (never seen that kind of pathfinding elsewhere), I hope that that is more concordant with the stackexchange rules.

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• Having the same texture data in different ID3D11Texture2D

  - by bdmnd

  Sorry if this has been answered elsewhere - I'm rather new to DX. My question concerns conservation of resources - specifically textures in VRAM. I assume that upon returning from a call to CreateTexture2D, a copy of any textures data supplied has been copied elsewhere, likely VRAM. Does DX11 have any facility for having multiple ID3D11Texture2D objects which point to the same data? This might at first seem silly, but imagine a ID3D11Texture2D which is an array of textures. In one material, an artist has chosen to blend three identically sized maps, saved on disk as A.dds, B.dds, and C.dds. Then imagine they have another material which also uses three maps, but this time A.dds, B.dds, and D.dds. The shader code knows the diffuse texture is a texture array, and also has the number of layers baked (three in each case). I would essentially like to set up just two ID3D11Texture2D objects, one for each material, but I don't want to waste VRAM for two identical copies of A.dds and B.dds. I could use explicit texture arrays, of course, but this reduces the number of resources available to the shader and can complicate code somewhat more than would otherwise be needed.

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• How do you make a bullet ricochet off a vertical wall?

  - by Bagofsheep

  First things first. I am using C# with XNA. My game is top-down and the player can shoot bullets. I've managed to get the bullets to ricochet correctly off horizontal walls. Yet, despite using similar methods (e.g. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3203952/mirroring-an-angle) and reading other answered questions about this subject I have not been able to get the bullets to ricochet off a vertical wall correctly. Any method I've tried has failed and sometimes made ricocheting off a horizontal wall buggy. Here is the collision code that calls the ricochet method: //Loop through returned tile rectangles from quad tree to test for wall collision. If a collision occurs perform collision logic. for (int r = 0; r < returnObjects.Count; r++) if (Bullets[i].BoundingRectangle.Intersects(returnObjects[r])) Bullets[i].doCollision(returnObjects[r]); Now here is the code for the doCollision method. public void doCollision(Rectangle surface) { if (Ricochet) doRicochet(surface); else Trash = true; } Finally, here is the code for the doRicochet method. public void doRicochet(Rectangle surface) { if (Position.X > surface.Left && Position.X < surface.Right) { //Mirror the bullet's angle. Rotation = -1 * Rotation; //Moves the bullet in the direction of its rotation by given amount. moveFaceDirection(Sprite.Width * BulletScale.X); } else if (Position.Y > surface.Top && Position.Y < surface.Bottom) { } } Since I am only dealing with vertical and horizontal walls at the moment, the if statements simply determine if the object is colliding from the right or left, or from the top or bottom. If the object's X position is within the boundaries of the tile's X boundaries (left and right sides), it must be colliding from the top, and vice verse. As you can see, the else if statement is empty and is where the correct code needs to go.

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• Make Gameobject Stand On Surface Facing Certain Direction

  - by Julian

  I want to make a biped character stand on any surface I click on. Surfaces have up vectors of any of positive or negative X,Y,Z. So imagine a cube with each face being a gameobject whose up vector pointing directly away from the cube. If my character is facing "forward" and I click on a surface which is to the left or right of me ( left or right walls), I want my character to now be standing on that surface but still be facing in the direction he initially was. If I click on a wall which is in the forward path of my character i want him to now be standing on that surface and his forward to now be what was once "up" relative to my character. Here is the code I am working with now. void Update() { if (Input.GetMouseButtonUp (0)) { RaycastHit hit; var ray = Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition); if (Physics.Raycast(ray, out hit)) { Vector3 upVectBefore = transform.up; Vector3 forwardVectBefore = transform.forward; Quaternion rotationVectBefore = transform.rotation; Vector3 hitPosition = hit.transform.position; transform.position = hitPosition; float lookDifference = Vector3.Distance(hit.transform.up, forwardVectBefore); if(Vector3.Distance(hit.transform.up, upVectBefore) < .23) //Same normal { transform.rotation = rotationVectBefore; } else if(lookDifference > 1.412 && lookDifference <= 1.70607) //side wall { transform.up = hit.transform.up; transform.forward = forwardVectBefore; } else //head on wall { transform.up = hit.transform.up; transform.forward = upVectBefore; } } } } The first case "Same normal" works fine, however the other two do not work as I would like them to. Sometimes my character is laying down on the surface or on the wrong side of the surface. Does anyone know nice way of solving this problem?

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• Most supported/easiest to get started gamedev language?

  - by user1009013

  In what language are the most libraries/frameworks (like lwjgl for Java, XNA for C#)? What language is the easiest to start making a game (very easy to get a 3D-environment rendered)? What language has the friendliest learning curve? Say I want to make a game and I don't know any programming languages, I want to develop for any platform(so don't give the answer "the one you know best/the platform you are working on"), then what is the best language to start with. I get this question a lot "I have this and that ideas for a game and want to make it, what language should I use"(mostly asked by beginning programmers), but I don't know how to answer that. The answer "use the one you are most familiar with", because sometimes they don't even know a language yet... I am not asking for someone's personal opinion, but an objective list of what languages are the easiest/most supported/have the most/best libraries/frameworks to get started with gamedevelopment.

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• Animations not accepted in animator

  - by Lautaro

  In the official Unity Animator State Machine tutorial video animation clips are dragged out from the assets folder into the animator and dropped. I have a 3D model that i bought online to experiment with that comes with animations. I added a custom made animation as well. These all work well in my demo project. But when i add a animator to the assets and try to drag and drop animations onto it it doesnt work. I get a forbidden-sign as a mouse pointer. I try to add animations through the inspector but that does not work either. The tutorials makes it seem so easy and does not talk anything about what animations can be used. What am i doing wrong?

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• Storing Tiled Level Data in J2ME game

  - by Alex

  I'm developing a J2ME game which uses tiled backgrounds for the levels. My question is how do I store this tile information in my game. At the moment it is stored as an array; with each number representing a different tile from the tile-sheet. This works well enough, however I don't like the fact that it is 'hard-coded' into the game because (at least in my opinion) it is harder to edit the levels, or design new ones. I was also thinking that it would be difficult if you wanted to add a 'level pack', I'm not sure on how this would be achieved though; it's not something I was planning on doing, I'm just curious. I was wondering if there was a way I could store level data in some external file and then load this in to the game. The problem is I don't know what the limitations are for J2ME regarding file I/O, can it read in any file like Java? I am aware of the RMS, but from my experience I don't think this would work (unless I am mistaken). Also, would loading the data in this way be too big a performance hit? Or is there another way I can achieve what I am trying to do. As I said, the way I have it at the moment works fine, and if this is the only viable option then it will suffice.

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• 2D collision resolving

  - by Philippe Paré

  I've just worked out an AABB collision algorithm for my 2D game and I was very satisfied until I found out it only works properly with movements of 1 in X and 1 in Y... here it is: public bool Intersects(Rectanglef rectangle) { return this.Left < rectangle.Right && this.Right > rectangle.Left && this.Top < rectangle.Bottom && this.Bottom > rectangle.Top; } public bool IntersectsAny(params Rectanglef[] rectangles) { for (int i = 0; i < rectangles.Length; i++) { if (this.Left < rectangles[i].Right && this.Right > rectangles[i].Left && this.Top < rectangles[i].Bottom && this.Bottom > rectangles[i].Top) return true; } return false; } and here is how I use it in the update function of my player : public void Update(GameTime gameTime) { Rectanglef nextPosX = new Rectanglef(AABB.X, AABB.Y, AABB.Width, AABB.Height); Rectanglef nextPosY; if (Input.Key(Key.Left)) nextPosX.X--; if (Input.Key(Key.Right)) nextPosX.X++; bool xFree = !nextPosX.IntersectsAny(Boxes.ToArray()); if (xFree) nextPosY = new Rectanglef(nextPosX.X, nextPosX.Y, nextPosX.Width, nextPosX.Height); else nextPosY = new Rectanglef(AABB.X, AABB.Y, AABB.Width, AABB.Height); if (Input.Key(Key.Up)) nextPosY.Y--; if (Input.Key(Key.Down)) nextPosY.Y++; bool yFree = !nextPosY.IntersectsAny(Boxes.ToArray()); if (yFree) AABB = nextPosY; else if (xFree) AABB = nextPosX; } What I'm having trouble with, is a system where I can give float values to my movement and make it so there's a smooth acceleration. Do I have to retrieve the collision rectangle (the rectangle created by the other two colliding)? or should I do some sort of vector and go along this axis until I reach the collision? Thanks a lot!

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• Java chunk negative number problem

  - by user1990950

  I've got a tile based map, which is divided in chunks. I got a method, which puts tiles in this map and with positive numbers it's working. But when using negative numbers it wont work. This is my setTile method: public static void setTile(int x, int y, Tile tile) { int chunkX = x / Chunk.CHUNK_SIZE, chunkY = y / Chunk.CHUNK_SIZE; IntPair intPair = new IntPair(chunkX, chunkY); world.put(intPair, new Chunk(chunkX, chunkY)); world.get(intPair).setTile(x - chunkX * Chunk.CHUNK_SIZE, y - chunkY * Chunk.CHUNK_SIZE, tile); } This is the setTile method in the chunk class (CHUNK_SIZE is a constant with the value 64): public void setTile(int x, int y, Tile t) { if (x >= 0 && x < CHUNK_SIZE && y >= 0 && y < CHUNK_SIZE) tiles[x][y] = t; } What's wrong with my code?

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• What are some ways to texture map a terrain?

  - by ApocKalipsS

  I'm working with XNA on a 3D Game, and I'm trying to have a proper and nice environnement. I actually followed a tutorial to create a terrain from a heightmap. To texture it, I just apply a grass texture on it and tile it a number of times. But what I want to do is to have a really realistic texturing, but also generate it automatically (for example if I want to use Perlin noise to generate a terrain and then texture it). I already learned about multi-texturing, loading a map file with different colors for different textures, but I don't think this is really efficient, for instance for cliffs or very steep areas it will tile a texture badly as it's a view from the top. (Also, I don't know how I'll draw roads or dirt paths with that.) I'm looking for an efficient solution to realistically texture mapping procedurally-generated terrain.

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• iOS + cocos2d: how to account for sprite's position for the different device dimensions in an universal app?

  - by fuzzlog

  All the questions I've seen regarding iOS universal apps (with or without cocos2d) deal with the "how to add graphics to a universal app". My question is, how does the code need to be written to ensure that the sprites appear appropriately on the screen (given that an iPhone 5's resolution is not proportional to an iPad's resolution)? Is it just a bunch of "if" statements and duplicate code or do iOS/cocos2d provide common function calls that will place the sprites at an appropriate position?

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• Sorting for 2D Drawing

  - by Nexian

  okie, looked through quite a few similar questions but still feel the need to ask mine specifically (I know, crazy). Anyhoo: I am drawing a game in 2D (isometric) My objects have their own arrays. (i.e. Tiles[], Objects[], Particles[], etc) I want to have a draw[] array to hold anything that will be drawn. Because it is 2D, I assume I must prioritise depth over any other sorting or things will look weird. My game is turn based so Tiles and Objects won't be changing position every frame. However, Particles probably will. So I am thinking I can populate the draw[] array (probably a vector?) with what is on-screen and have it add/remove object, tile & particle references when I pan the screen or when a tile or object is specifically moved. No idea how often I'm going to have to update for particles right now. I want to do this because my game may have many thousands of objects and I want to iterate through as few as possible when drawing. I plan to give each element a depth value to sort by. So, my questions: Does the above method sound like a good way to deal with the actual drawing? What is the most efficient way to sort a vector? Most of the time it wont require efficiency. But for panning the screen it will. And I imagine if I have many particles on screen moving across multiple tiles, it may happen quite often. For reference, my screen will be drawing about 2,800 objects at any one time. When panning, it will be adding/removing about ~200 elements every second, and each new element will need adding in the correct location based on depth.

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• Adding a small slide when player releases left/right key

  - by Dave

  the aim is for the player object to slow down and stop instead of just stopping dead. The following codes works ok when the player is not jumping, but gets stuck in an object if the player is in the air when they do it. Left Key released event: if hsp = 0 exit; hspeed = -3; friction = 0.20; if obj_Player.hspeed = 0 { hspeed = 0; } Right key released event: if hsp = 0 exit; hspeed = +3; friction = 0.20; if obj_Player.hspeed = 0 { hspeed = 0; } and here's the horizontal collision code for interest: if (place_meeting(x+hsp,y,obj_bound)) { while(!place_meeting(x+sign(hsp),y,obj_bound)) { x += sign(hsp); } hsp = 0; } x += hsp; Any help would be much appreciated. Thanks.

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• LibGDX - Textures rendering at wrong position

  - by ACluelessGuy

  Update 2: Let me further explain my problem since I think that i didn't make it clear enough: The Y-coordinates on the bottom of my screen should be 0. Instead it is the height of my screen. That means the "higher" i touch/click the screen the less my y-coordinate gets. Above that the origin is not inside my screen, atleast not the 0 y-coordinate. Original post: I'm currently developing a tower defence game for fun by using LibGDX. There are places on my map where the player is or is not allowed to put towers on. So I created different ArrayLists holding rectangles representing a tile on my map. (towerPositions) for(int i = 0; i < map.getLayers().getCount(); i++) { curLay = (TiledMapTileLayer) map.getLayers().get(i); //For all Cells of current Layer for(int k = 0; k < curLay.getWidth(); k++) { for(int j = 0; j < curLay.getHeight(); j++) { curCell = curLay.getCell(k, j); //If there is a actual cell if(curCell != null) { tileWidth = curLay.getTileWidth(); tileHeight = curLay.getTileHeight(); xTileKoord = tileWidth*k; yTileKoord = tileHeight*j; switch(curLay.getName()) { //If layer named "TowersAllowed" picked case "TowersAllowed": towerPositions.add(new Rectangle(xTileKoord, yTileKoord, tileWidth, tileHeight)); // ... AND SO ON If the player clicks on a "allowed" field later on he has the opportunity to build a tower of his coice via a menu. Now here is the problem: The towers render, but they render at wrong position. (They appear really random on the map, no certain pattern for me) for(Rectangle curRect : towerPositions) { if(curRect.contains(xCoord, yCoord)) { //Using a certain tower in this example (left the menu out if(gameControl.createTower("towerXY")) { //RenderObject is just a class holding the Texture and x/y coordinates renderList.add(new RenderObject(new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("TowerXY.png")), curRect.x, curRect.y)); } } } Later on i render it: game.batch.begin(); for(int i = 0; i < renderList.size() ; i++) { game.batch.draw(renderList.get(i).myTexture, renderList.get(i).x, renderList.get(i).y); } game.batch.end(); regards

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• Tunnels in pseudo 3D racing game

  - by Nicholas

  How would one go about doing tunnels in a pseudo 3D racing game ? The main problem I have at the moment is perspective - I cant think of a way, beyond having to Z sort the sprites and tunnel coordinates, so that vehicles are displayed in front of the tunnel entrance and somehow block the display when out of site. I would like my tunnels to be used on both flat, curved and hills and slopes. The tunnel enterance/exit is made up of 3 separate graphics, (left, right and top), whilst inside the tunnel it is just one line graphic along the top (the idea being its supposed to be a set distance above the current vertical road position). As you can see from the picture, the vehicles are still being rendered whilst in the tunnel. I've converted the Code Incomplete road system to GLBasic.

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• rotate opengl mesh relative to camera

  - by shuall

  I have a cube in opengl. It's position is determined by multiplying it's specific model matrix, the view matrix, and the projection matrix and then passing that to the shader as per this tutorial (http://www.opengl-tutorial.org/beginners-tutorials/tutorial-3-matrices/). I want to rotate it relative to the camera. The only way I can think of getting the correct axis is by multiplying the inverse of the model matrix (because that's where all the previous rotations and tranforms are stored) times the view matrix times the axis of rotation (x or y). I feel like there's got to be a better way to do this like use something other than model, view and projection matrices, or maybe I'm doing something wrong. That's what all the tutorials I've seen use. PS I'm also trying to keep with opengl 4 core stuff. edit: If quaternions would fix my problems, could someone point me to a good tutorial/example for switching from 4x4 matrices to quaternions. I'm a little daunted by the task.

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• specifying an object type at runtime

  - by lapin

  I've written a Vbo template class to work with opengl. I'd like to set the type from a config file at runtime. e.g. <vbo type="bump_vt" ... /> Vbo* pVbo = new Vbo(bump_vt, ...); Is there some way I can do this without a large if else block e.g. if( sType.compareTo("bump_vt") == 0 ) Vbo* pVbo = new Vbo(bump_vt, ...); else if ... I'm writing for multiple platforms in c++. thanks

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• How do I create weapon attachments?

  - by Tron86

  My question is; I am developing a game for XNA and I am trying to create a weapon attachment for my player model. My player model loads the .md3 format and reads tags for attachment points. I am able to get the tag of my model's hand. And I am also able to get the tag of my weapon's handle. Each tag I am able to get the rotation and position of and this is how I am calculating it: Model.worldMatrix = Matrix.CreateScale(Model.scale) * Matrix.CreateRotationX(-MathHelper.PiOver2) * Matrix.CreateRotationY(MathHelper.PiOver2); Pretty simple, the player model has a scale and its orientation(it loads on its side so I just use a 90 degree X axis rotation, and a Y axis rotation to face away from the camera). I then calculate the torso tag on the lower body, which gives me a local coordinate at the waist. Then I take that matrix and calculate the tag_weapon in the upper body. This gives me the hand position in local space. I also get the rotation matrix from that tag that I store for later use. All this seems to work fine. Now I move onto my weapon: Matrix weaponWorld = Matrix.CreateScale(CurrentWeapon.scale) * Matrix.CreateRotationX(-MathHelper.PiOver2) * TagRotationMatrix * Matrix.CreateTranslation(HandTag.Position) * Matrix.CreateRotationY(PlayerRotation) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(CollisionBody.Position) * You may notice the weapon matrix gets rotated by 90 degress on the X axis as well. This is because they load in on their sides. Once again this seems pretty simple and follows the SRT order I keep reading about. My TagRotation matrix is the hand's rotation. HandTag.Position is its position in local space. CreateRotationY(PlayerRotation) is the player's rotation in world space, and the CollisionBody.Position is the player's world location. Everything seems to be in order, and almost works in game. However when the gun spawns and follows the player's hand it seems to be flipped on an axis every couple frames. Almost like the X or Y axis is being inversed then put right back. Its hard to explain and I am totally stumped. Even removing all my X axis fixes does nothing to solve the problem. Hopefully I explained everything enough as I am a bit new to this! Thanks!

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• read object from compressed file that generate from actionscript3

  - by Last Chance

  I have made a simple game Map Editor, and I want to save a array that contain map tile info to a file, as below: var arr:Array = [.....2d tile info in it...]; var ba:ByteArray = new ByteArray(); ba.writeObject(arr); ba.compress(); var file:File = new File(); file.save(ba); now I had successful save a compressed object to a file. now the problem is my server side need to read this file and decompress get the arr out from file, then convert it as python list. is that prossible?

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• Panning a 3d viewport in 2d direction with rotated camera

  - by Noob Game Developer

  I am using below code to pan the viewport (action script 3 code using flare3d framework) _mainCamera.x-= Input3D.mouseXSpeed; _mainCamera.z+= Input3D.mouseYSpeed; Where as Input3D.mouse[X|Y]Speed gives the displacement of the mouse on the X/Y axis starting from the position of the last frame. This works perfect if my camera is not rotated. However, if I rotate the camera (x by 30, y by 60) and pan the camera then it goes wrong. Which is actually correctly panning according to the code. But this is not desired and I know I need to do some math to get the correct x/y which I am not aware of it. Can some one help me achieving it? Update: I am getting an Idea but I am not sure how to do it :( Get the mouseX/Y deltas (xd,yd) Get the current camera coords (pos3d) Convert to screen coords (pos2d) Add deltas to screen coords (pos2d+ (xd,yd)) Convert above coords to 3d coords

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• Does Windows 8 still support DirectX 9?

  - by SullY

  Is Windows 8 supporting DirectX 9? Because I was looking through some samples written in C++ and DirectX 9 made for Windows 8. It wasn't that, like I know it ( look here http://directxtutorial.com/Lesson.aspx?lessonid=111-4-2 ). E.g. Inizialising DirectX with COM: ComPtr<ID3D11Device1> dev; ComPtr<ID3D11DeviceContext1> devcon; It's just weird because I know it with the old way: ID3D11Device *dev; ID3D11DeviceContext *devcon; ( I hope you understand what I want to tell ) I hope it hasn't change completely due the released their new OS.

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• Adding a short delay between bullets

  - by Sun

  I'm having some trouble simulating bullets in my 2D shooter. I want similar mechanics to Megaman, where the user can hold down the shoot button and a continues stream of bullets are fired but with a slight delay. Currently, when the user fires a bullet in my game a get an almost laser like effect. Below is a screen shot of some bullets being fired while running and jumping. In my update method I have the following: if(gc.getInput().isKeyDown(Input.KEY_SPACE) ){ bullets.add(new Bullet(player.getPos().getX() + 30,player.getPos().getY() + 17)); } Then I simply iterate through the array list increasing its x value on each update. Moreover, pressing the shoot button (Space bar) creates multiple bullets instead of just creating one even though I am adding only one new bullet to my array list. What would be the best way to solve this problem?

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• Premultiplying matrices with Perspective destroys them

  - by Shadows In Rain

  If I apply world_to_camera, perspective and camera_to_screen to my mesh, everything is okay. But if I premultiply given matrices (i.e. transform = world_to_camera * perpective * camera_to_screen) before applying, then it seems like only perspective has effect. If it is important... My 3d framework was written from scratch (test project for job interview). But it works flawlessly, or at least I think so. So, question. This is expected behaviour, or my implementation is wrong?

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