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  • XNA - Obtaining depth from the scene's render target?

    - by user1423893
    I'm currently rendering my scene to a render target so it can be used for rendering methods such as post processing and order independent transparency. rtScene = new RenderTarget2D( GraphicsDevice, GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferWidth, GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferHeight, false, SurfaceFormat.Rgba64, DepthFormat.Depth24Stencil8, // Requires a depth format for objects to be drawn correctly (e.g. wireframe model surrounding model) 0, RenderTargetUsage.PreserveContents ); I am required to use RenderTargetUsage.PreserveContents so that the same render target can be rendered to multiple times, once for each of the draw methods below. DrawBackground DrawDeferred DrawForward DrawTransparent The problem is that DrawTransparent requires a copy of the scene's depth as a texture. Is there any way to obtain this from the scene render target above (rtScene)? I can't have more than one render target with RenderTargetUsage.PreserveContents as this causes problems on hardware such as the XBOX 360, so rendering the depth to a separate render target at the same time as I render the scene isn't possible as far as I can tell. Would I be able to get around this problem by "Ping-Ponging" two render targets (using the more compatible RenderTargetUsage.DiscardContents) and using the result for the depth texture?

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  • Most supported/easiest to get started gamedev language?

    - by user1009013
    In what language are the most libraries/frameworks (like lwjgl for Java, XNA for C#)? What language is the easiest to start making a game (very easy to get a 3D-environment rendered)? What language has the friendliest learning curve? Say I want to make a game and I don't know any programming languages, I want to develop for any platform(so don't give the answer "the one you know best/the platform you are working on"), then what is the best language to start with. I get this question a lot "I have this and that ideas for a game and want to make it, what language should I use"(mostly asked by beginning programmers), but I don't know how to answer that. The answer "use the one you are most familiar with", because sometimes they don't even know a language yet... I am not asking for someone's personal opinion, but an objective list of what languages are the easiest/most supported/have the most/best libraries/frameworks to get started with gamedevelopment.

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  • Nifty popup fails to register

    - by Snailer
    I'm new to Nifty GUI, so I'm following a tutorial here for making popups. For now, I'm just trying to get a very basic "test" popup to show, but I get multiple errors and none of them make much sense. To show a popup, I believe it is necessary to first have a Nifty Screen already showing, which I do. So here is the ScreenController for the working Nifty Screen: public class WorkingScreen extends AbstractAppState implements ScreenController { //Main is my jme SimpleApplication private Main app; private Nifty nifty; private Screen screen; public WorkingScreen() {} public void equip(String slotstr) { int slot = Integer.valueOf(slotstr); System.out.println("Equipping item in slot "+slot); //Here's where it STOPS working. app.getPlayer().registerPopupScreen(nifty); System.out.println("Registered new popup"); Element ele = nifty.createPopup(app.getPlayer().POPUP); System.out.println("popup is " +ele); nifty.showPopup(nifty.getCurrentScreen(), ele.getId(), null); } @Override public void initialize(AppStateManager stateManager, Application app) { super.initialize(stateManager, app); this.app = (Main)app; } @Override public void update(float tpf) { /** jME update loop! */ } public void bind(Nifty nifty, Screen screen) { this.nifty = nifty; this.screen = screen; } When I call equip(0) the system prints Equipping item in slot 0, then a lot of errors and none of the subsequent println()'s. Clearly it botches somewhere in Player.registerPopupScreen(Nifty nifty). Here's the method: public final String POPUP = "Test Popup"; public void registerPopupScreen(Nifty nifty) { System.out.println("Attempting new popup"); PopupBuilder b = new PopupBuilder(POPUP) {{ childLayoutCenter(); backgroundColor("#000a"); panel(new PanelBuilder() {{ id("List"); childLayoutCenter(); height(percentage(75)); width(percentage(50)); control(new ButtonBuilder("TestButton") {{ label("TestButton"); width("120px"); height("40px"); align(Align.Center); }}); }}); }}; System.out.println("PopupBuilder success."); b.registerPopup(nifty); System.out.println("Registerpopup success."); } Because that first println() doesn't show, it looks like this method isn't even called at all! Edit After removing all calls on the Player object, the popup works. It seems I'm not "allowed" to access the player from the ScreenController. Unfortunate, since I need information on the player for the popup. Is there a workaround?

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  • Re-sizing the form without scaling the GUI

    - by Bmoore
    I am writing a turn based strategy game in C#. My GUI implementation consists of class that extends Form containing a class that extends Panel. When I render the GUI I draw to the paint method in the panel. I am trying to figure out what is the best way for handling form re-size events. I know I want a minimum window size, but I would prefer to not have a maximum or a set size. Ideally the GUI would reveal more/less of the map as the user changes the window size. I would like to avoid scaling the graphics if at all possible. What is the best way to handle re-size events?

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  • Unity: Render 2D textures on a 3D object's face

    - by www.Sillitoy.com
    I am not familiar with 3D graphics and I'd like to know what is the right way to render some 2D figures on different points of a wider face of a 3D object. My 3D object is just a cube representing a poker table. I have 2D png for players placeholders and I'd like to render these figures on the 3D object where needed. An alternative solution would be to render the whole face with a big picture containing all the placeholders figures. However it would be a waste of memory and thus less efficient. What do you suggest me?

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  • LibGDX - Textures rendering at wrong position

    - by ACluelessGuy
    Update 2: Let me further explain my problem since I think that i didn't make it clear enough: The Y-coordinates on the bottom of my screen should be 0. Instead it is the height of my screen. That means the "higher" i touch/click the screen the less my y-coordinate gets. Above that the origin is not inside my screen, atleast not the 0 y-coordinate. Original post: I'm currently developing a tower defence game for fun by using LibGDX. There are places on my map where the player is or is not allowed to put towers on. So I created different ArrayLists holding rectangles representing a tile on my map. (towerPositions) for(int i = 0; i < map.getLayers().getCount(); i++) { curLay = (TiledMapTileLayer) map.getLayers().get(i); //For all Cells of current Layer for(int k = 0; k < curLay.getWidth(); k++) { for(int j = 0; j < curLay.getHeight(); j++) { curCell = curLay.getCell(k, j); //If there is a actual cell if(curCell != null) { tileWidth = curLay.getTileWidth(); tileHeight = curLay.getTileHeight(); xTileKoord = tileWidth*k; yTileKoord = tileHeight*j; switch(curLay.getName()) { //If layer named "TowersAllowed" picked case "TowersAllowed": towerPositions.add(new Rectangle(xTileKoord, yTileKoord, tileWidth, tileHeight)); // ... AND SO ON If the player clicks on a "allowed" field later on he has the opportunity to build a tower of his coice via a menu. Now here is the problem: The towers render, but they render at wrong position. (They appear really random on the map, no certain pattern for me) for(Rectangle curRect : towerPositions) { if(curRect.contains(xCoord, yCoord)) { //Using a certain tower in this example (left the menu out if(gameControl.createTower("towerXY")) { //RenderObject is just a class holding the Texture and x/y coordinates renderList.add(new RenderObject(new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("TowerXY.png")), curRect.x, curRect.y)); } } } Later on i render it: game.batch.begin(); for(int i = 0; i < renderList.size() ; i++) { game.batch.draw(renderList.get(i).myTexture, renderList.get(i).x, renderList.get(i).y); } game.batch.end(); regards

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  • Cheap ways to do scaling ops in shader?

    - by Nick Wiggill
    I've got an extensive world terrain that uses vec3 for the vertex position attribute. That's good, because the terrain has endless gradations due to the use of floating point. But I'm thinking about how to reduce the amount of data uploaded to the GPU. For my terrain, which uses discrete / grid-based vertex positions in x and z, it's pretty clear that I can replace my vec3s (floats, really) with shorts, halving the per-vertex position attribute cost from 12 bytes each to 6 bytes. Considering I've got little enough other vertex data, and an enormous amount of terrain data to push into the world, it's a major gain. Currently in my code, one unit in GLSL shaders is equal to 1m in the world. I like that scale. If I move over to using shorts, though, I won't be able to use the same scale, as I would then have a very blocky world where every step in height is an entire metre. So I see these potential solutions to scale the positional data correctly once it arrives at the vertex shader stage: Use 10:1 scaling, i.e. 1 short unit = 1 decimetre in CPU-side code. Do a division by 10 in the vertex shader to scale incoming decimetre values back to metres. Arbirary (non-PoT) divisions tend to be slow, however. Use (some-power-of-two):1 scaling (eg. 8:1), which enables the use of a bitshift (eg. val >> 3) to do the division... not sure how performant this is in shaders, though. Not as intuitive to read values, but possibly quite a bit faster than div by a non-PoT value. Use a texture as lookup table. I've heard that this is really fast. Or whatever solutions others can offer to achieve the same results -- minimal vertex data with sensible scaling.

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  • FPS camera specification

    - by user1095108
    I remember I once composed a FPS viewing transformation, as a composition of 3 rotations, each with an angle as a parameter. The first angle specified the left/right rotation around the y-axis, the second angle the up/down rotation around the x-axis, and the third around the z-axis. The viewing transformation was therefore specified by 3 angles. Naturally, this transformation had a gimbal lock, depending in what order the transformation were performed. What should I look at to derive my viewing transformation without the gimbal lock? I know the "lookAt" method already, but I consider that cumbersome. EDIT: MY first guess is to do the first 2 transformations to get a viewing direction and then the axis-angle rotation on this axis.

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  • XNA 4: RenderTarget2D textures getting transparent on fullscreen

    - by Shashwat
    I'm generating a Texture2D object using RenderTarget2D as in the following code public static Texture2D GetTextTexture(string text, Vector2 position, SpriteFont font, Color foreColor, Color backColor, Texture2D background=null) { int width = (int)font.MeasureString(text).X; int height = (int)font.MeasureString(text).Y; GraphicsDevice device = Settings.game.GraphicsDevice; SpriteBatch spriteBatch = Settings.game.spriteBatch; RenderTarget2D renderTarget = new RenderTarget2D(device, width, height, false, SurfaceFormat.Color, DepthFormat.Depth24Stencil8, device.PresentationParameters.MultiSampleCount, RenderTargetUsage.DiscardContents); device.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget); device.Clear(backColor); spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, BlendState.Opaque); if (background != null) spriteBatch.Draw(background, new Rectangle(0, 0, 70, 70), Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.DrawString(font, text, position, foreColor, 0, new Vector2(0), 0.8f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); spriteBatch.End(); device.SetRenderTarget(null); ResetGraphicsDeviceSettings(); return (Texture2D)renderTarget; } It's working all fine. But when I ToggleFullScreen() (and vice-versa), the previous textures are getting transparent. However, the new textures after that are being generated correctly. What can be the reason for this?

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  • Should I use float, double, or decimal for stats, position, etc?

    - by Ryan Peschel
    The problem with float and double is that they are not exact. If you are to do something like store replays, the values would have to be exact. The problems with decimal is that they are approximately 16x slower (confirmed by searching and personal testing) than floats and doubles. Couldn't Vector2s be another problem because they use floats internally for all the components? How do other games solve this problem? I'm sure they must use floats and doubles but aren't they not deterministic across platforms and different architecture? The replay files for games like SC2 run in a linear fashion so you cannot skip ahead so how do they solve the determinism issue with floating point numbers?

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  • Trouble with Collada bones

    - by KyleT
    I have a Collada file with a rigged mesh. I've read the node tags in the library_visual_scenes tag and extracted the matrix for each node and stored everything in a hierarchical bone structure. My Matrix container is "row major", so I'd store the first float of a matrix tag in the 1st row, 1st column, the second in the 1st row, 2nd column, etc. From what I gather this is the Bind Pose Matrix. After that I went through the tag and extracted the float array in the source tag of the skin tag of the controller for the mesh. I stored each matrix from this float array in their corresponding Bone as the Inverse Bind Matrix. I also extracted the bind-shape-matrix and stored it. Now I'd like to draw the skeleton with OpenGL to see if everything is working correctly before I go about skinning. I iterate once over my bones and multiply a bone's Bind Pose Matrix by it's parents and store that. After that I iterate again over the bones and multiply the result of the previous matrix multiplication by the Inverse Bind Matrix and then by the Bind Shape Matrix. The results look something like this: [0.2, 9.2, 5.8, 1.2 ] [4.6, -3.3, -0.2, -0.1 ] [-1.8, 0.2, -4.2, -3.9 ] [0, 0, 0, 1 ] I've had to go to various sources to get the little understanding of Collada I have and books about 3d transform matricies can get pretty intense. I've hit a brick wall and if you could please read through this and see if there is something I'm doing wrong, and how I'd go about getting an X,Y,Z to draw a point for each of these joints once I've calculated the final transform, I'd really appreciate it.

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  • Multiplication for MVP matrices: Any benefits to doing so within the vertex shader?

    - by Nick Wiggill
    I'd like to understand under what circumstances (if any) it is worth doing MVP matrix multiplication inside a vertex shader. The vertex shader is run once per vertex, and a single mesh typically contains many vertices. All MVP inputs remain the same for each vertex in the vertex batch relating to a given draw call (model). Surely then, you're always better off keeping the multiplications in the client code, such that you pass in the whole MVP precalculated as a uniform? (avoiding redundant ops between individual vertices)

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  • Is there an AIR native extension to use GameCenter APIs for turn-based games?

    - by Phil
    I'm planning a turn based game using the iOS 5 GameCenter (GameKit) turn-based functions. Ideally I would program the game with AIR (I'm a Flash dev), but so far I can't seem to find any already available native extension that offers that (only basic GameCenter functions), so my questions are: Does anyone know if that already exists? And secondly how complex a task would it be to create an extension that does that? Are there any pitfalls I should be aware of etc.? ** UPDATE ** There does not seem a solution to the above from Adobe. For anyone who is interested check out the Adobe Gaming SDK. It contains a Game Center ANE which I've read contains options for multiplayer but not turn-based multiplayer, at least it's a start. Comes a bit late for me as I've already learned Obj-c!

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  • What's the best way to move cars along roads

    - by David Thielen
    I am implementing car movement game (sort-of like Locomotion). So 60 times a second I have to advance the movement of each car. The problem is I have to look ahead to see if there is a slower car, stop sign, or red light ahead. And then slow down appropiately. I also want to have the cars take time to go from stopped to full speed and again to slow down. I'm not implementing full-blown physics, but just a tick by tick speed up/slow down as that provides most of the realism to match what people expect to see. The best I've come up with is to walk out the full distance the car would travel of it was slowing to a stop and see if anywhere along that path it needed to slow down or stop. And then move it forward appropiately. I am moving the cars 60 times a second so I need this to be fast. And walking out that whole path each tick strikes me as processor intensive. What's the best way to do this?

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  • Handling game logic events by behavior components

    - by chehob
    My question continues on topic discussed here I have tried implementing attribute/behavior design and here is a quick example demonstrating the issue. class HealthAttribute : public ActorAttribute { public: HealthAttribute( float val ) : mValue( val ) { } float Get( void ) const { return mValue; } void Set( float val ) { mValue = val; } private: float mValue; }; class HealthBehavior : public ActorBehavior { public: HealthBehavior( shared_ptr< HealthAttribute > health ) : pHealth( health ) { // Set OnDamage() to listen for game logic event "DamageEvent" } void OnDamage( IEventDataPtr pEventData ) { // Check DamageEvent target entity // ( compare my entity ID with event's target entity ID ) // If not my entity, do nothing // Else, modify health attribute with received DamageEvent data } protected: shared_ptr< HealthAttribute > pHealth; }; My question - is it possible to get rid of this annoying check for game logic events? In the current implementation when some entity must receive damage, game logic just fires off event that contains damage value and the entity id which should receive that damage. And all HealthBehaviors are subscribed to the DamageEvent type, which leads to any entity possesing HealthBehavior call OnDamage() even if he is not the addressee.

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  • Cloning a game and releasing the source

    - by Manux
    I'm not really aware of the legal issues surrounding game clones. I'm around halfway done of making a clone, but it's not just the same gaming concepts, I'm literally using the original game's files (which I do not intend to distribute in any way) in my clone. My original intention was to add features to the game (Firefly studios's first Stronghold) while still using the same art. Is it ok to distribute the source of my clone?

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  • HTML5 - check if font has loaded

    - by espais
    At present I load my font for my game in with @font-face For instance: @font-face { font-family: 'Orbitron'; src: url('res/orbitron-medium.ttf'); } and then reference it throughout my JS implementation as such: ctx.font = "12pt Orbitron"; where ctx is my 2d context from the canvas. However, I notice a certain lag time while the font is downloaded to the user. Is there a way I can use a default font until it is loaded in? Edit - I'll expand the question, because I hadn't taken the first comment into account. What would the proper method of handling this be in the case that a user has disabled custom fonts?

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  • How to apply Data Oriented Design with Object Oriented Programming?

    - by Pombal
    Hi. I've read lots of articles about DOD and I understand it but I can't design an Object Oriented system with DOD in mind, I think my OOP education is blocking me. How should I think to mix the two? The objective is to have a nice OO interface while using DOD behind the scenes. I saw this too but didn't help much: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3872354/how-to-apply-dop-and-keep-a-nice-user-interface

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  • How to prevent "underwater sight" in games

    - by CPP_Person
    In many games where the player can go underwater, it seems like when you look where the top half of the screen is in the air, and the bottom half the screen is in the water, it's almost like the water doesn't exist and the player is... flying slowly with water sounds? Is there a logical way to solve this? An algorithm? Doesn't seem like any solution has come up yet since many games still have this. I don't want to make the same mistake.

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  • What is the recommended library for using Lua from C++?

    - by DevilWithin
    I am currently planning how to integrate Lua scripting in my 2D Game Engine, and i would like to go straight to the most adequate solution for having C++ classes and objects exposed. I've read this (if it helps you help): http://lua-users.org/wiki/BindingCodeToLua If you have a better scripting language to recomend, go for it ;D All help is welcome, i need to pickup the best solution to start implementing Thanks

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  • Premultiplying matrices with Perspective destroys them

    - by Shadows In Rain
    If I apply world_to_camera, perspective and camera_to_screen to my mesh, everything is okay. But if I premultiply given matrices (i.e. transform = world_to_camera * perpective * camera_to_screen) before applying, then it seems like only perspective has effect. If it is important... My 3d framework was written from scratch (test project for job interview). But it works flawlessly, or at least I think so. So, question. This is expected behaviour, or my implementation is wrong?

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  • Low CPU/Memory/Memory-bandwith Pathfinding (maybe like in Warcraft 1)

    - by Valmond
    Dijkstra and A* are all nice and popular but what kind of algorithm was used in Warcraft 1 for pathfinding? I remember that the enemy could get trapped in bowl-like caverns which means there were (most probably) no full-path calculations from "start to end". If I recall correctly, the algorithm could be something like this: A) Move towards enemy until success or hitting a wall B) If blocked by a wall, follow the wall until you can move towards the enemy without being blocked and then do A) But I'd like to know, if someone knows :-) [edit] As explained to Byte56, I'm searching for a low cpu/mem/mem-bandwidth algo and wanted to know if Warcraft had some special secrets to deliver (never seen that kind of pathfinding elsewhere), I hope that that is more concordant with the stackexchange rules.

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  • Data for animation

    - by saadtaame
    Say you are using C/SDL for a 2D game project. It's often the case that people use a structure to represent a frame in an animation. The struct consists of an image and how much time the frame is supposed to be visible. Is this data sufficient to represent somewhat complex animatio? Is it a good idea to separate animation management code and animation data? Can somebody provide a link to animations tutorials that store animations in a file and retrieve them when needed. I read this in a book (AI game programming wisdom) but would like to see a real implementation.

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  • how get collision callback of two specific objects using bullet physics?

    - by sebap123
    I have got problem implementing collision callback into my project. I would like to have detection between two specific objects. I have got normall collision but I want one object to stop or change color or whatever when colides with another. I wrote code from bullet wiki: int numManifolds = dynamicsWorld->getDispatcher()->getNumManifolds(); for (int i=0;i<numManifolds;i++) { btPersistentManifold* contactManifold = dynamicsWorld->getDispatcher()->getManifoldByIndexInternal(i); btCollisionObject* obA = static_cast<btCollisionObject*>(contactManifold->getBody0()); btCollisionObject* obB = static_cast<btCollisionObject*>(contactManifold->getBody1()); int numContacts = contactManifold->getNumContacts(); for (int j=0;j<numContacts;j++) { btManifoldPoint& pt = contactManifold->getContactPoint(j); if (pt.getDistance()<0.f) { const btVector3& ptA = pt.getPositionWorldOnA(); const btVector3& ptB = pt.getPositionWorldOnB(); const btVector3& normalOnB = pt.m_normalWorldOnB; bool x = (ContactProcessedCallback)(pt,fallRigidBody,earthRigidBody); if(x) printf("collision\n"); } } } where fallRigidBody is a dynamic body - a sphere and earthRigiBody is static body - StaticPlaneShape and sphere isn't touching earthRigidBody all the time. I have got also other objects that are colliding with sphere and it works fine. But the program detects collision all the time. It doesn't matter if the objects are or aren't colliding. I have also added after declarations of rigid body: earthRigidBody->setCollisionFlags(earthRigidBody->getCollisionFlags() | btCollisionObject::CF_CUSTOM_MATERIAL_CALLBACK); fallRigidBody->setCollisionFlags(fallRigidBody->getCollisionFlags() | btCollisionObject::CF_CUSTOM_MATERIAL_CALLBACK); So can someone tell me what I am doing wrong? Maybe it is something simple?

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  • Having the same texture data in different ID3D11Texture2D

    - by bdmnd
    Sorry if this has been answered elsewhere - I'm rather new to DX. My question concerns conservation of resources - specifically textures in VRAM. I assume that upon returning from a call to CreateTexture2D, a copy of any textures data supplied has been copied elsewhere, likely VRAM. Does DX11 have any facility for having multiple ID3D11Texture2D objects which point to the same data? This might at first seem silly, but imagine a ID3D11Texture2D which is an array of textures. In one material, an artist has chosen to blend three identically sized maps, saved on disk as A.dds, B.dds, and C.dds. Then imagine they have another material which also uses three maps, but this time A.dds, B.dds, and D.dds. The shader code knows the diffuse texture is a texture array, and also has the number of layers baked (three in each case). I would essentially like to set up just two ID3D11Texture2D objects, one for each material, but I don't want to waste VRAM for two identical copies of A.dds and B.dds. I could use explicit texture arrays, of course, but this reduces the number of resources available to the shader and can complicate code somewhat more than would otherwise be needed.

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