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  • What's the best way to add some particle or laser effects to an already animated character?

    - by Scott
    I just purchased some rigged and animated robot characters from 3drt for a game I'm making in unity. I would like to be able to add some weapon effects to the characters. For example, I would like for the robots to be able to shot lasers out of the hands at enemies. I have know idea where to even start with this task as I'm more of a programmer than a graphics guy. Can some experienced developers / designers please point me in a good direction? Thanks. Note: As of right now I have maya and blender installed on my computer.

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  • Creating shooting arrow class [on hold]

    - by I.Hristov
    OK I am trying to write an XNA game with one controllable by the player entity, while the rest are bots (enemy and friendly) wondering around and... shooting each other from range. Now the shooting I suppose should be done with a separate class Arrow (for example). The resulting object would be the arrow appearing on screen moving from shooting entity to target entity. When target is reached arrow is no longer active, probably removed from the list. I plan to make a class with fields: Vector2 shootingEntity; Vector2 targetEntity; float arrowSpeed; float arrowAttackSpeed; int damageDone; bool isActive; Then when enemy entities get closer than a int rangeToShoot (which each entity will have as a field/prop) I plan to make a list of arrows emerging from each entity and going to the closest opposite one. I wonder if that logic will enable me later to make possible many entities to be able to shoot independently at different enemy entities at the same time. I know the question is broad but it would be wise to ask if the foundations of the idea are correct.

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  • Brief pause after keypress

    - by user36324
    After i press and hold the key it goes forward once then pauses for a second or less then goes forward on forever. My problem is the brief pause I cant locate the issue. Thanks for your help. while(game){ while (SDL_PollEvent(&e)){ mainChar.manageEvents(e); } background.renderChar(); mainChar.renderChar(); SDL_RenderPresent(ren); } void Character::manageEvents(SDL_Event event) { switch(event.type){ case SDL_KEYDOWN: KEYS[event.key.keysym.sym] = true; printf("true"); handleInput(); break; case SDL_KEYUP: KEYS[event.key.keysym.sym] = false; printf("false"); break; default: break; } } void Character::handleInput() { if(KEYS[SDLK_a]) { dst.x--; } if(KEYS[SDLK_d]) { dst.x++; } if(KEYS[SDLK_w]) { dst.y++; } if(KEYS[SDLK_s]) { dst.y--; } }

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  • Determine how to display a tile based on surrounding tiles

    - by Jsmith
    I have a game engine which generates maps randomly, set on a 2d grid which is composed of 34px square graphical tiles. These tiles can be displayed in any of three ways, wall, corner, and floor(exists in 2 states, passable and impassible), and four directions, north, south, west and east. What I need to do is, based on the tiles around each individual tile, determine which state to display the tile in, e.g. north wall, northeast corner, floor so that when a player alters the map, the tiles around the affected tile adjust themselves to suit(i.e. tunneling). In case it becomes important, all gameobjects are inherited from the same class, whether they be players, NPC's, walls, or items.

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  • Is it better to cut and store all sprites needed from a spritesheet in memory, or cut them out just-in-time?

    - by xLite
    I'm not sure what's best practice here as I have little experience with this. Essentially what I am asking is... if it's better to get your single PNG with all your different sprites on it for use in-game, cut out every sprite on startup and store them in memory, then access the already-cut-out sprite from memory quickly or Only have the single PNG with all the different sprites residing in memory, and when you need, for example, a tree. You cut out the tree from the PNG and then continue to use it as normal. I imagine the former is more CPU friendly than the latter but less memory friendly, vice versa for the latter. I want to know what the norm is for game dev. This is a pixel based game using 2D art. Each PNG is actually an avatar's sprite sheet with each body part separated and then later joined to form the full body of the avatar.

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  • Whole continent simulation [on hold]

    - by user2309021
    Let's suppose I am planning to create a simulation of an entire continent at some point in the past (let's say, around 0 A.D). Is it feasible to spawn a hundred million actors that interact with each other and their environments? Having them reproduce, extract resources, etc? The fact is that I actually want to create a simulation that allows me to zoom in from a view of the entire continent up to a single village, and interact with it. (Think as if you could keep zooming in the campaign map of any Total War game and the transition to the battle map was seamless, not a change of the "game mode"). By the way, I have never made a game in my entire life (I have programmed normal desktop applications, though), so I am really having trouble wrapping my head around how to implement such a thing. Even while thinking about how to implement a simple population simulator, without a graphical interface, I think that the O(n) complexity of traversing an array and telling all people to get one year older each time the program ticks is kind of stupid. Any kind help would be greatly appreciated :) EDIT: After being put on hold, I shall specify a question. How would you implement a simulation of all basic human dynamics (reproduction, resource consumption) in an entire continent (with millions of people)?

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  • Pseudo-magnet implementation with chipmunk

    - by Eimantas
    How should I go about implementing "natural" magnet on a certain body in chipmunk space? Context is of simple bodies lying in the space (think chessboard). When one of the figures is activated as a magnet - others should start moving towards it. Currently I'm applying force (cpBodyApplyForce)to the other figures with vector calculated towards the activated figure. However this doesn't really feel "natural". Are there any known algorithms for imitating magnets?

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  • HTML5 - check if font has loaded

    - by espais
    At present I load my font for my game in with @font-face For instance: @font-face { font-family: 'Orbitron'; src: url('res/orbitron-medium.ttf'); } and then reference it throughout my JS implementation as such: ctx.font = "12pt Orbitron"; where ctx is my 2d context from the canvas. However, I notice a certain lag time while the font is downloaded to the user. Is there a way I can use a default font until it is loaded in? Edit - I'll expand the question, because I hadn't taken the first comment into account. What would the proper method of handling this be in the case that a user has disabled custom fonts?

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  • libgdx loading textures fails [duplicate]

    - by Chris
    This question already has an answer here: Why do I get this file loading exception when trying to draw sprites with libgdx? 4 answers I'm trying to load my texture with playerTex = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("player.jpg")); player.jpg is located under my-gdx-game-android/assets/data/player.jpg I get an exception like this: Full Code: @Override public void create() { camera = new OrthographicCamera(); camera.setToOrtho(false, Gdx.graphics.getWidth(), Gdx.graphics.getHeight()); batch = new SpriteBatch(); FileHandle file = Gdx.files.internal("player.jpg"); playerTex = new Texture(file); player = new Rectangle(); player.x = 800-20; player.y = 250; player.width = 20; player.height = 80; } @Override public void dispose() { // dispose of all the native resources playerTex.dispose(); batch.dispose(); } @Override public void render() { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); camera.update(); batch.setProjectionMatrix(camera.combined); batch.begin(); batch.draw(playerTex, player.x, player.y); batch.end(); if(Gdx.input.isKeyPressed(Keys.DOWN)) player.y -= 50 * Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime(); if(Gdx.input.isKeyPressed(Keys.UP)) player.y += 50 * Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime(); }

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  • How can I imitate interaction and movement in Diablo II?

    - by user422318
    I'm prototyping a simple browser-based game. It's played from a top down perspective on a 2d canvas. You left-click on a point on the map, and your character will begin walking to it. If you click on a different point on the map, then your character will begin walking to the new point. It's similar to Diablo II: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EvDKt-To6K0&feature=related How can I best imitate this movement system for a player? Ideas... Track current coords and target coords If target coords are exactly up, left, right, or down, then increment appropriate direction until you get there Implied else: target coords are in a quadrant. To make this movement look natural, character will have to move diagonally. For example, pretend the target is to the northeast. For each game frame, alternate incrementing current coordinates in the north and then east directions.

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  • Are these non-standard applications of rendering practical in games?

    - by maul
    I've recently got into 3D and I came up with a few different "tricky" rendering techniques. Unfortunately I don't have the time to work on this myself, but I'd like to know if these are known methods and if they can be used in practice. Hybrid rendering Now I know that ray-tracing is still not fast enough for real-time rendering, at least on home computers. I also know that hybrid rendering (a combination of rasterization and ray-tracing) is a well known theory. However I had the following idea: one could separate a scene into "important" and "not important" objects. First you render the "not important" objects using traditional rasterization. In this pass you also render the "important" objects using a special shader that simply marks these parts on the image using a special color, or some stencil/depth buffer trickery. Then in the second pass you read back the results of the first pass and start ray tracing, but only from the pixels that were marked by the "important" object's shader. This would allow you to only ray-trace exactly what you need to. Could this be fast enough for real-time effects? Rendered physics I'm specifically talking about bullet physics - intersection of a very small object (point/bullet) that travels across a straight line with other, relatively slow-moving, fairly constant objects. More specifically: hit detection. My idea is that you could render the scene from the point of view of the gun (or the bullet). Every object in the scene would draw a different color. You only need to render a 1x1 pixel window - the center of the screen (again, from the gun's point of view). Then you simply check that central pixel and the color tells you what you hit. This is pixel-perfect hit detection based on the graphical representation of objects, which is not common in games. Afaik traditional OpenGL "picking" is a similar method. This could be extended in a few ways: For larger (non-bullet) objects you render a larger portion of the screen. If you put a special-colored plane in the middle of the scene (exactly where the bullet will be after the current frame) you get a method that works as the traditional slow-moving iterative physics test as well. You could simulate objects that the bullet can pass through (with decreased velocity) using alpha blending or some similar trick. So are these techniques in use anywhere, and/or are they practical at all?

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  • Best practice for organizing/storing character/monster data in an RPG?

    - by eclecto
    Synopsis: Attempting to build a cross-platform RPG app in Adobe Flash Builder and am trying to figure out the best class hierarchy and the best way to store the static data used to build each of the individual "hero" and "monster" types. My programming experience, particularly in AS3, is embarrassingly small. My ultra-alpha method is to include a "_class" object in the constructor for each instance. The _class, in turn, is a static Object pulled from a class created specifically for that purpose, so things look something like this: // Character.as package { public class Character extends Sprite { public var _strength:int; // etc. public function Character(_class:Object) { _strength = _class._strength; // etc. } } } // MonsterClasses.as package { public final class MonsterClasses extends Object { public static const Monster1:Object={ _strength:50, // etc. } // etc. } } // Some other class in which characters/monsters are created. // Create a new instance of Character var myMonster = new Character(MonsterClasses.Monster1); Another option I've toyed with is the idea of making each character class/monster type its own subclass of Character, but I'm not sure if it would be efficient or even make sense considering that these classes would only be used to store variables and would add no new methods. On the other hand, it would make creating instances as simple as var myMonster = new Monster1; and potentially cut down on the overhead of having to read a class containing the data for, at a conservative preliminary estimate, over 150 monsters just to fish out the one monster I want (assuming, and I really have no idea, that such a thing might cause any kind of slowdown in execution). But long story short, I want a system that's both efficient at compile time and easy to work with during coding. Should I stick with what I've got or try a different method? As a subquestion, I'm also assuming here that the best way to store data that will be bundled with the final game and not read externally is simply to declare everything in AS3. Seems to me that if I used, say, XML or JSON I'd have to use the associated AS3 classes and methods to pull in the data, parse it, and convert it to AS3 object(s) anyway, so it would be inefficient. Right?

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  • How do I detect if sprite should be going up or down?

    - by Geore Shg
    I use the following code to detect if a sprite should be going up or down: If (pos.Y + 100) >= Sprite.BottomY Then Going_up = True pos.Y = Sprite.BottomY - 130 End If If pos.Y <= Sprite.TopY Then Going_up = False pos.Y = Sprite.TopY - 1 Vel.Y = 3 End If Then my response code: If Going_up Then Vel.Y -= CSng(gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalMilliseconds / 40) pos.Y -= Vel.Y Else Vel.Y += CSng(gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalMilliseconds / 40) pos.Y += Vel.Y End If Sprite.velocity = Vel Sprite.position = pos But it's pretty terrible. It only works when the sprite starts at the top, and when I want to change the BottomY and TopY, it just starts glitching. What is a better to detect if the sprite should be going up or down?

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  • Box2D `ApplyLinearImpulse` is not working whereas `SetLinearVelocity` works

    - by Narek
    I need to mimic jumping behavior for the player in my game. Player consists of two fixtures with circle and rectangle shapes. Rectangle I use to detect ground and it is a sensor. Is some point for jumping I do this: float impulseY = body->GetMass() * PLAYER_JUMPING_VEOCITY / PTM_RATIO * std::sin(PLAYER_JUMPING_ANGLE * PI / 180); body->ApplyLinearImpulse(b2Vec2(0, impulseY), body->GetWorldCenter(), true); and player does not jump. But when I do this: body->SetLinearVelocity(b2Vec2(0, PLAYER_JUMPING_VEOCITY / PTM_RATIO * std::sin(PLAYER_JUMPING_ANGLE * PI / 180))); my player jumps. Also when I change the rectangle shape to be normal (not sensor) shape, its works again. Why? Just in case here are the parameters of my rectangular sensor: b2PolygonShape boxShape; boxShape.SetAsBox(width * 0.5/2/PTM_RATIO, height * 0.2/2/PTM_RATIO, b2Vec2(0, -height * 0.4 /PTM_RATIO), 0); b2FixtureDef boxFixtureDef; boxFixtureDef.friction = 0; boxFixtureDef.restitution = 0; boxFixtureDef.density = 1; boxFixtureDef.isSensor = true; boxFixtureDef.userData = static_cast<void*>(PLAYER_GROUP);

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  • Implementing my Entity System. Questions about some problems I have found.

    - by Notbad
    Hi!, Well during this week I have deciding about implementation of my entity system. It is a big topic so it has been difficult to take one option from the whole. This has been my decision: 1) I don't have an entity class it is just an id. 2) I have systems that contain a list of components (the list is homegenous, I mean, RenderSystem will just have RenderComponents). 3) Compones will be just data. 4) There would be some kind of "entity prototypes" in a manager or something from we will create entity instances.Ideally they will define the type of components it has and initialization data. 5) Prototype code to create an entity (this is from the top of my head): int id=World::getInstance()->createEntity("entity template"); 6) This will notify all systems that a new entity has been created, and if the entity needs a component that the system handles it will add it to the entity. Ok, this are the ideas. Let's see if some can help with the problems: 1) The main problem is this templates that are sent to the systems in creation process to populate the entity with needed components. What would you use, an OR(ed) int?, a list of strings?. 2) How to do initialization for components when the entity has been created? How to store this in the template? I have thought about having a function in the template that is virtual and after entity is created an populated, gets the components and sets initialization values. 3) Don't you think this is a lot of work for just an entity creation?. Sorry for the long post, I have tried to expose my ideas and finding in order other could have a start beside exposing my problems. Thanks in advance, Notbad.

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  • How to prevent one account from unlocking products on other devices using Apple StoreKit?

    - by reapz
    We are currently wrapping up a free-to-play game on iOS in which you can purchase non-consumable products. We have been discussing this case internally and are not quite sure what the best practices are as this is our first title. For example, if a user downloads our app, and makes some purchases. These can be restored should the app ever be deleted and reinstalled as long as the user uses the same Apple ID. What is to stop him from making a fake Apple account, purchasing items and then posting this account on the web allowing everyone to get the items for free? That is obviously a worst case situation. But a smaller case would be a user unlocking items for his friends. We do not want this to be an always online game but have considered doing a check on startup if there is internet available. If the currently logged in account doesn't own the products do we lock them again? Probably not because people may simply sign into the device with different Game Center logins at which point we don't want to constantly lock and unlock items. At some point we will be adding multiplayer at which point we can definately do a check with the currently logged in account. This is because A, they will be online when attempting multiplayer, and B, they will want to use their own account for multiplayer. Unfortunately we aren't quite ready for this yet. Has anyone tackled this issue. Are we overthinking here?

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  • Failing Screen Resize Method

    - by StrongJoshua
    So I want my game to draw to a specific "optimal" size and then be stretched to fit screens that are a different size. I'm using LibGDX and figured that I could just draw everything to a FrameBuffer and then resize that buffer to the appropriate size when drawing it to the actual display. However, my method does not work, it just results in a black screen with the top right quarter of the screen white.Intermediary is the FBO, interMatrix is a Matrix4 object, and camera is an OrthographicCamera. @Override public void render() { // update actors currentStage.act(); //render to intermediary buffer batch.setProjectionMatrix(interMatrix); intermediary.begin(); batch.begin(); currentStage.draw(); batch.flush(); intermediary.end(); //resize to actual width and height Sprite s = new Sprite(intermediary.getColorBufferTexture()); s.flip(true, false); batch.setProjectionMatrix(camera.combined); batch.draw(s.getTexture(), 0, 0, width, height); batch.end(); } These are the constructors for the above mentioned objects (GAME_WIDTH and HEIGHT are the "optimal" settings, width and height are the actual sizes, which are the same when running on desktop). intermediary = new FrameBuffer(Format.RGBA8888, GAME_WIDTH, GAME_HEIGHT, false); interMatrix = new Matrix4(); camera = new OrthographicCamera(width, height); interMatrix.setToOrtho2D(0, 0, GAME_WIDTH, GAME_HEIGHT); Is there a better way of doing this or can is this a viable option and how do I fix what I have?

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  • 2D Polygon Triangulation

    - by BleedObsidian
    I am creating a game engine using the JBox2D physics engine. It only allows you to create polygon fixtures up to 8 vertices, To create a body with more than 8 vertices, you need to create multiple fixtures for the body. My question is, How can I split the polygons a user creates into smaller polygons for JBox2D? Also, what topology should I use when splitting the polygons and why? (If JBox2D can have up to 8 vertices, why not split polygons into 8 per polygon)

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  • Procedural Planets, Heightmaps and Textures

    - by henryprescott
    I am currently working on an OpenGL procedural planet generator. I hope to use it for a space RPG, that will not allow players to go down to the surface of a planet so I have ignored anything ROAM related. At the momement I am drawing a cube with VBOs and mapping onto a sphere. I am familiar with most fractal heightmap generating techniques and have already implemented my own version of midpoint displacement(not that useful in this case I know). My question is, what is the best way to procedurally generate the heightmap. I have looked at libnoise which allows me to make tilable heightmaps/textures, but as far as I can see I would need to generate a net like this. Leaving the tiling obvious. Could anyone advise me on the best route to take? Any input would be much appreciated. Thanks, Henry.

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  • Cloning a game and releasing the source

    - by Manux
    I'm not really aware of the legal issues surrounding game clones. I'm around halfway done of making a clone, but it's not just the same gaming concepts, I'm literally using the original game's files (which I do not intend to distribute in any way) in my clone. My original intention was to add features to the game (Firefly studios's first Stronghold) while still using the same art. Is it ok to distribute the source of my clone?

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  • Difficulties with rotation of a sprite

    - by Andy
    I want to program a dolphin that jumps and rotates like a real dolphin. Jumping is not the problem, but I don't know how to make the rotation. My dolphin always rests in the same angle while it jumps. But I want that it changes the rotation during the jump, like a real dolphin does. How can I improve the rotation? public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; Texture2D image, water; float Gravity = 5.0F; float Acceleration = 20.0F; Vector2 Position = new Vector2(1200,720); Vector2 Velocity; float rotation = 0; SpriteEffects flip; Vector2 Speed = new Vector2(0, 0); public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 1280; graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 720; } protected override void Initialize() { base.Initialize(); } protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); image = Content.Load<Texture2D>("cartoondolphin"); water = Content.Load<Texture2D>("background"); flip = SpriteEffects.None; } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { float VelocityX = 0f; float VelocityY = 0f; float time = (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; KeyboardState kbState = Keyboard.GetState(); if(kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { rotation = 0; flip = SpriteEffects.None; VelocityX += -5f; } if(kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { rotation = 0; flip = SpriteEffects.FlipHorizontally; VelocityX += 5f; } // jump if the dolphin is under water if(Position.Y >= 670) { if (kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.A)) { if (flip == SpriteEffects.None) { rotation = 45; VelocityY += 40f; } else { rotation = -45; VelocityY += 40f; } } } else { VelocityY += -10f; } float deltaY = 0; float deltaX = 0; deltaY = Gravity * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; deltaX += VelocityX * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds * Acceleration; deltaY += -VelocityY * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds * Acceleration; Speed = new Vector2(Speed.X + deltaX, Speed.Y + deltaY); Position += Speed * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; Velocity.X = 0; if (Position.Y + image.Height/2 > graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight) Position.Y = graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight - image.Height/2; base.Update(gameTime); } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.Draw(water, new Rectangle(0, graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight -100, graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth, 100), Color.White); spriteBatch.Draw(image, Position, null, Color.White, MathHelper.ToRadians(rotation), new Vector2(image.Width / 2, image.Height / 2), 1, flip, 1); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } }

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  • How to determine which cells in a grid intersect with a given triangle?

    - by Ray Dey
    I'm currently writing a 2D AI simulation, but I'm not completely certain how to check whether the position of an agent is within the field of view of another. Currently, my world partitioning is simple cell-space partitioning (a grid). I want to use a triangle to represent the field of view, but how can I calculate the cells that intersect with the triangle? Similar to this picture: The red areas are the cells I want to calculate, by checking whether the triangle intersects those cells. Thanks in advance. EDIT: Just to add to the confusion (or perhaps even make it easier). Each cell has a min and max vector where the min is the bottom left corner and the max is the top right corner.

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  • Drawing visible tiles - side scrolling

    - by Troubleshoot
    Currently I'm calling drawMap every time repaint is called. This is the code I've written for my drawMap method so far. public void drawMap(Graphics2D g2d) { float cameraX = Player.getX() - (Frame.CANVAS_WIDTH / 2); float cameraY = Player.getY() - (Frame.CANVAS_HEIGHT / 2); int tileX = (int) cameraX; int tileY = (int) cameraY; int xIndent = 0, yIndent = 0; int a = 0, b = 0; while (tileX % TILE_SIZE != 0) { tileX--; xIndent++; } while (tileY % TILE_SIZE != 0) { tileY--; yIndent++; } for (int y = tileY; y < tileY + Frame.CANVAS_HEIGHT; y += Map.TILE_SIZE) { for (int x = tileX; x < tileX + Frame.CANVAS_WIDTH; x += Map.TILE_SIZE) { if ((y / TILE_SIZE < 0 || x / TILE_SIZE < 0) || (y / TILE_SIZE > columnSize)) break; g2d.drawImage(map[y / TILE_SIZE][x / TILE_SIZE], a - xIndent, b - yIndent, null); a += TILE_SIZE; } a = 0; b += TILE_SIZE; } } The idea behind this is that it gets the camera position and draws the map relative to the player position. However, instead of the player being in the center of the screen all the time, the player actually moves away from the center as it scrolls to the right, and moves towards to center as it scrolls to the left. I've been trying to pinpoint what I've done wrong but I can't seem to find it. My code also seems quite messy, so am I doing this the correct way?

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  • Need efficient way to keep enemy from getting hit multiple times by same source

    - by TenFour04
    My game's a simple 2D one, but this probably applies to many types of scenarios. Suppose my player has a sword, or a gun that shoots a projectile that can pass through and hit multiple enemies. While the sword is swinging, there is a duration where I am checking for the sword making contact with any enemy on every frame. But once an enemy is hit by that sword, I don't want him to continue getting hit over and over as the sword follows through. (I do want the sword to continue checking whether it is hitting other enemies.) I've thought of a couple different approaches (below), but they don't seem like good ones to me. I'm looking for a way that doesn't force cross-referencing (I don't want the enemy to have to send a message back to the sword/projectile). And I'd like to avoid generating/resetting multiple array lists with every attack. Each time the sword swings it generates a unique id (maybe by just incrementing a global static long). Every enemy keeps a list of id's of swipes or projectiles that have already hit them, so the enemy knows not to get hurt by something multiple times. Downside is that every enemy may have a big list to compare to. So projectiles and sword swipes would have to broadcast their end-of-life to all enemies and cause a search and remove on every enemy's array list. Seems kind of slow. Each sword swipe or projectile keeps its own list of enemies that it has already hit so it knows not to apply damage. Downsides: Have to generate a new list (probably pull from a pool and clear one) every time a sword is swung or a projectile shot. Also, this breaks down modularity, because now the sword has to send a message to the enemy, and the enemy has to send a message back to the sword. Seems to me that two-way streets like this are a great way to create very difficult-to-find bugs.

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  • How are larger games organized?

    - by Matthew G.
    I'm using Java, but the language I'm using here is probably irrelevant. I'd like to create an economy based on an ancient civilization. I'm not sure how to design it. If I were working on a smaller game, like a copy of "Space Invaders", I'd have no problem structuring it like this. Game -Main Control Class --Graphics Class --Player Class --Enemy class I'd pass the graphics class to both the player and enemy class so they could call graphics functions. I don't understand how I'd do this for larger projects. Do I create a country class that contains a bunch of towns? Do the towns contain a lot building class, most contain classes of people? Do I make a path finding class that the player can access to get around? How exactly do I structure this and pass all these references around? Thanks.

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