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• Auto-organized / smart inventory system?

  - by VeXe

  for the past week I've been working on an inventory system with Unity3D. At first I got help from the guys at Design3 but it wasn't too long till we split path, because I really didn't like the way they did their code, it didn't have any smell of OOP whatsoever. I took it further steps ahead - items take more than one slot, advanced placement system (items tries their best to find the best close fit), local mouse system (mouse gets trapped in active bag area), etc. Here's a demo of my work. What we would like to have in our game, is an auto-organizing feature - not auto-sort. We want this feature because our inventory's going to be in 'real-time' - not like in Resident Evil 1,2,3 etc where you would pause the game and do things in your inventory. Now imagine your self in a sticky situation surrounded by zombies, and you don't have bullets, you look around, you see that there are bullets nearby on the ground, so you go for them and try to pick them up, but they don't fit! you look at your inventory and find out that if you reorganize some of the items, it will fit! - now the player - in that situation doesn't have time to reorganize because he's surrounded with zombies and will die if he stops and organizes the inventory to make space (remember inventory in real-time, no pausing) - wouldn't it be nice for that to happen automatically? - Yes! (I believe this has been implemented in some games like Dungeon siege or something, so sure it's doable) take a look at this picture for example: Yes, so if you auto-sort the issue you will get your spaces but it's bad because: 1- Expensive: it doesn't need a whole sort operation to free those spaces, in the first picture, just slide the red item at the bottom to the very left, and you get the same spaces that you got from the auto-sort. 2- It's annoying to the player: "Who the F told you to re-order my stuff?" I'm not asking for "How to write the code" for this, I'm just asking for some guidance, where to look, what algorithms are involved? Is this something related to graphs and shortest path stuff? I hope not cuz I didn't manage to continue my college studies :/ But even if it is, just tell me and I will learn the stuff related. Notice there could be more than just one solution. So I guess the first thing I have to do is figure out if the situation is 'solvable' - if I know how to determine if a situation is solvable or not, then I can 'solve' it. I just need to know the conditions that makes it 'solvable'. And I believe there must be some algorithm/data structure for this. Here's a pic for more than one solution of trying to fit a 1x3 item: The arrows show just one of the solutions, but if you look you will find more than one. This is what I ultimately not auto-sorting but find a solution and applying it. Note that if I spend time on it I will come up with a way to solve it, but it wouldn't be the best way, it's like, holding a car wheel with your feet instead of your hands! XD Or just like trying to solve an issue that requires arrays, but you're not yet aware of their existence! So what is the right approach to this? Hope somebody helps, thanks a lot in advance :)

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• Memory allocation strategy for the vertex buffers (DirectX 10/11)

  - by Alex

  I have the following question. I write CAD system. So I have a 3D scene and there are many different objects (walls, doors, windows and so on). User can add or delete some objects. The question is: how can I organise the keeping of vertices for all my objects. I can create vertex buffer for every object. But I think drawing/switching from one buffer to another would have performance penalty. Another way - I can create several big buffers for every object type. But I don't understand how to update such buffers. It is too big to update whole buffer (for example buffer for all walls). What I need to do if I want to delete the object from the middle of the buffer? Actually I have the similar question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5515700/how-to-properly-update-vertex-buffers-in-directx-10 Most examples I've found work with very static models. Therefore, they tend to create a single vertex buffer with their list of points, and then are just manipulated by matrix transformations. I, on the other hand, will be updating the scene very often.

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• How to create Button/Switch-Like Tile where you can step on it and change its value?

  - by aldroid16

  If the player step on Button-Tile when its true, it become false. If the player step on Button-Tile when its false, it become true. The problem is, when the player stand on (intersect) the Button-Tile, it will keep updating the condition. So, from true, it become false. Because its false and player intersect on it, it become true again. True-false-true-false and so on. I use ElapsedGameTime to make the updating process slower, and player can have a chance to change the Button to true or false. However, its not a solution I was looking for. Is there any other way to make it keep in False/True condition while the Player standing on it (The Button tile) ?

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• Smooth drag scrolling of an Isometric map - Html5

  - by user881920

  I have implemented a basic Isometric tile engine that can be explored by dragging the map with the mouse. Please see the fiddle below and drag away: http://jsfiddle.net/kHydg/14/ The code broken down is (CoffeeScript): The draw function draw = -> requestAnimFrame draw canvas.width = canvas.width for row in [0..width] for col in [0..height] xpos = (row - col) * tileHeight + width xpos += (canvas.width / 2) - (tileWidth / 2) + scrollPosition.x ypos = (row + col) * (tileHeight / 2) + height + scrollPosition.y context.drawImage(defaultTile, Math.round(xpos), Math.round(ypos), tileWidth, tileHeight) Mouse drag-scrolling control scrollPosition = x: 0 y: 0 dragHelper = active: false x: 0 y: 0 window.addEventListener 'mousedown', (e) => handleMouseDown(e) , false window.addEventListener 'mousemove', (e) => handleDrag(e) , false window.addEventListener 'mouseup', (e) => handleMouseUp(e) , false handleDrag = (e) => e.preventDefault() if dragHelper.active x = e.clientX y = e.clientY scrollPosition.x -= Math.round((dragHelper.x - x) / 28) scrollPosition.y -= Math.round((dragHelper.y - y) / 28) handleMouseUp = (e) => e.preventDefault() dragHelper.active = false handleMouseDown = (e) => e.preventDefault() x = e.clientX y = e.clientY dragHelper.active = true dragHelper.x = x dragHelper.y = y The Problem As you can see from the fiddle the dragging action is ok but not perfect. How would I change the code to make the dragging action more smooth? What I would like is the point of the map you click on to stay under the mouse point whilst you drag; the same as they have done here: http://craftyjs.com/demos/isometric/

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• How can I create an orthographic display that handles different screen dimensions?

  - by Piku

  I'm trying to create an iPad/iPhone game using GLES2.0 that contains a 3D scene with a heads-up-display/GUI overlaid on the top. However, this problem would also apply if I were to port my game to a computer and run the game in a resizable window, or allow the user to change screen resolutions... When trying to make the 2D GUI/HUD work I've made the assumption that all I'm really doing is drawing a load of 2D textured 'quads' on the screen and am trying to treat the orthographic projection as an old-style 2D display with 0,0 in the upper left and screenWidth,ScreenHeight in the lower right. This causes me all sorts of confusion when I rotate my ipad into Landscape mode since I can't work out what to put into my projection and modelview matrices to turn everything around the right way. It also gets messy if I want to support the iPad's large screen, an iPhone or a Retina display since I have to then draw three sets of textures for everything and work out which ones to use. Should I be trying to map the 2D OpenGL co-ords 1:1 with the screen? While typing out this question it occurs to me that I could keep my origin in the centre, still running -1/+1 along the axes. This would let me scale my 2D content appropriately on the different screen sizes, but wouldn't I end up with the textures being scaled and possibly losing quality? I'm using OpenGLES 2.0 and have a matrix library that has equivalents to the GLES1.1 glOrthof() and glFrustrum() calls.

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• How do you cope mentally with one very long piece of work

  - by Asher Einhorn

  This is my first games industry job and my task is to take out one major game component and put in a newer one. So far it's been 5 weeks, and I'm still just staring at errors. I think it could be months before it's at the point that it can compile. It's really getting me down. I'm just changing things over, I'm not really writing anything myself. it's just endless. I fix a thousand errors and nine thousand take their place. I'm sure this must be a common thing, so I was just wondering, how do you cope with this? It doesn't seem like I can break it down into little chunks at all.

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• How do I multiply pixels on an SDL Surface?

  - by NoobScratcher

  Okay so I'm able to put blank pixels into a surface and also draw gradient pixels rectangles,etc But I don't know how to multiply the pixels on a surface so I was hoping someone could provide me information on this topic. I was thinking you could get the members pixel and then * it by 2 but that didn't provide results I wanted so I'm now thinking that you have to actually get to the position in bytes in one location to the left and one location to the right and then store it in memory and then * that by 2 am I correct or what? If so what is it that allows me to do that and how do I do that?

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• Texture not rendering in correct order in xna 4?

  - by user1090751

  I am making a simple board game. In the game there is a fixed background called myTexture and others are textureGoat and textureTiger whicha are to be placed on top of the background(myTexture). But i am having problem that fourth and fifth component is not displaying however, the sixth component( i.e. myTexture) is appearing. Here is my code, please look at it protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Green); // TODO: Add your drawing code here spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.BackToFront, BlendState.AlphaBlend); //placing tiger spriteBatch.Draw(textureTiger, new Rectangle(22, 25, 50, 50), Color.White);//first component spriteBatch.Draw(textureTiger, new Rectangle(22, 407, 50, 50), Color.White);//second component spriteBatch.Draw(textureTiger, new Rectangle(422, 25, 50, 50), Color.White);//third component spriteBatch.Draw(textureTiger, new Rectangle(422, 407, 50, 50), Color.White);//fourth component //placing goat spriteBatch.Draw(textureGoat, new Rectangle(125, 110, 50, 50), Color.White);//fifth component //placing background spriteBatch.Draw(myTexture, new Rectangle(0, 0, 500, 500), Color.White);//sixth component spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); }

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• Animations not accepted in animator

  - by Lautaro

  In the official Unity Animator State Machine tutorial video animation clips are dragged out from the assets folder into the animator and dropped. I have a 3D model that i bought online to experiment with that comes with animations. I added a custom made animation as well. These all work well in my demo project. But when i add a animator to the assets and try to drag and drop animations onto it it doesnt work. I get a forbidden-sign as a mouse pointer. I try to add animations through the inspector but that does not work either. The tutorials makes it seem so easy and does not talk anything about what animations can be used. What am i doing wrong?

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• Is the TCP protocol good enough for real-time multiplayer games?

  - by kevin42

  Back in the day, TCP connections over dialup/ISDN/slow broadband resulted in choppy, laggy games because a single dropped packet resulted in a resync. That meant a lot of game developers had to implement their own reliability layer on top of UDP, or they used UDP for messages that could be dropped or received out of order, and used a parallel TCP connection for information that must be reliable. Given the average user has faster network connections now, can a real time game such as an FPS give good performance over a TCP connection?

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• How to do pre-loading

  - by Dave

  I have a question that is confusing me with making a game. For my game launch i pre load everything for the main menu then i loop the game to display it. But lets argue player wants to launch a new game or a specific level, then you preload the relevant sounds/graphics for that level right? How ever, the player must already be running the game loop if they are at the main menu, so you can't load in the game loop or you will load every frame...but im pretty sure most big games don't preload every level when you first run the game from desktop because it would take a long time on some of these games.... How is it done :S

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• Textual descriptions of 8-bit and 16-bit game engines

  - by ixtmixilix

  I found a good description of the engine in the Sonic games. It describes roughly how the engine works for people writing their own clones. In my case, I am simply interested in getting a general view of how the many 8-bit and 16-bit game engines worked on their respective consoles. So, this is a big-list style question asking, what other online descriptions of specific game engines have people found?

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• BoundingBox Intersection Problems

  - by Deukalion

  When I try to render two cubes, same sizes, one beside the other. With the same proportions (XYZ). My problem is, why do a Box1.BoundingBox.Contains(Box2.BoundingBox) == ContaintmentType.Intersects - when it clearly doesn't? I'm trying to place objects with BoundingBoxes as "intersection" checking, but this simple example clearly shows that this doesn't work. Why is that? I also try checking height of the next object to be placed, by checking intersection, adding each boxes height += (Max.Y - Min.Y) to a Height value, so when I add a new Box it has a height value. This works, but sometimes due to strange behavior it adds extra values when there isn't anything there. This is an example of what I mean: BoundingBox box1 = GetBoundaries(new Vector3(0, 0, 0), new Vector3(128, 64, 128)); BoundingBox box2 = GetBoundaries(new Vector3(128, 0, 0), new Vector3(128, 64, 128)); if (box1.Contains(box2) == ContainmentType.Intersects) { // This will be executed System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show("Intersects = True"); } if (box1.Contains(box2) == ContainmentType.Disjoint) { System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show("Disjoint = True"); } if (box1.Contains(box2) == ContainmentType.Contains) { System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show("Contains = True"); } Test Method: public BoundingBox GetBoundaries(Vector3 position, Vector3 size) { Vector3[] vertices = new Vector3[8]; vertices[0] = position + new Vector3(-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f) * size; vertices[1] = position + new Vector3(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f) * size; vertices[2] = position + new Vector3(0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f) * size; vertices[3] = position + new Vector3(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f) * size; vertices[4] = position + new Vector3(-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f) * size; vertices[5] = position + new Vector3(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f) * size; vertices[6] = position + new Vector3(0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f) * size; vertices[7] = position + new Vector3(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f) * size; return BoundingBox.CreateFromPoints(vertices); } Box 1 should start at x -64, Box 2 should start at x 64 which means they never overlap. If I add Box 2 to 129 instead it creates a small gap between the cubes which is not pretty. So, the question is how can I place two cubes beside eachother and make them understand that they do not overlap or actually intersect? Because this way I can never automatically check for intersections or place cube beside eachother.

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• Calculating the correct particle angle in an outwards explosion

  - by Sun

  I'm creating a simple particle explosion but am stuck in finding the correct angle to rotate my particle. The effect I'm going for is similar to this: Where each particle is going outwards from the point of origin and at the correct angle. This is what I currently have: As you can see, each particle is facing the same angle, but I'm having a little difficulty figuring out the correct angle. I have the vector for the point of emission and the new vector for each particle, how can I use this to calculate the angle? Some code for reference: private Particle CreateParticle() { ... Vector2 velocity = new Vector2(2.0f * (float)(random.NextDouble() * 2 - 1), 2.0f * (float)(random.NextDouble() * 2 - 1)); direction = velocity - ParticleLocation; float angle = (float)Math.Atan2(direction.Y, direction.X); ... return new Particle(texture, position, velocity, angle, angularVelocity, color, size, ttl, EmitterLocation); } I am then using the angle created as so in my particles Draw method: spriteBatch.Draw(Texture, Position, null, Color, Angle, origin, Size, SpriteEffects.None, 0f);

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• Octrees and Vertex Buffer Objects

  - by sharethis

  As many others I want to code a game with a voxel based terrain. The data is represented by voxels which are rendered using triangles. I head of two different approaches and want to combine them. First, I could once divide the space in chunks of a fixed size like many games do. What I could do now is to generate a polygon shape for each chunk and store that in a vertex buffer object (vbo). Each time a voxel changes, the polygon and vbo of its chunk is recreated. Additionally it is easy to dynamically load and reload parts of the terrain. Another approach would be to use octrees and divide the space in eight cubes which are divided again and again. So I could efficiently render the terrain because I don't have to go deeper in a solid cube and can draw that as a single one (with a repeated texture). What I like to use for my game is an octree datastructure. But I can't imagine how to use vbos with that. How is that done, or is this impossible?

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• Wall jumping collision detection anomaly

  - by Nanor

  I'm creating a game where the player ascends a tower by wall jumping his way to the top. When the player has collided with the right wall they can only jump left and vice versa. Here is my current implementation: if(wallCollision() == "left"){ player.setPosX(0); player.setVelX(0); ignoreCollisions = true; player.setCanJump(true); player.setFacingLeft(false); } else if (wallCollision() == "right"){ player.setPosX(screenWidth-playerWidth*2); player.setVelX(0); ignoreCollisions = true; player.setCanJump(true); player.setFacingLeft(true); } else{ player.setVelY(player.getVelY() + gravity); } and private String wallCollision(){ if(player.getPosX() < playerWidth && !ignoreCollisions) return "left"; else if(player.getPosX() > screenWidth - playerWidth*2 && !ignoreCollisions) return "right"; else{ timeToJump += Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime(); if(timeToJump > 0.50f){ timeToJump = 0; ignoreCollisions = false; } return "jumping"; } } If the player is colliding with the left wall it will switch between the states left and jumping repeatedly due to the varible ignoreCollisions being switched repeatedly in collision checks. This will give a chance to either jump as intended or simply ascend vertically instead of diagonally. I can't figure out an implementation that will reliably make sure the player jumps as intended. Does anyone have any pointers?

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• OpenGL doesn't draw (3.3+) [on hold]

  - by Dhiego Magalhães

  Brief: I've been following this tutorial about OpenGL for 2 days, and I still can't have a triangle drawn, so I'm asking for help here. The tutorial is turned to OpenGL version 3.3 programing, using vertex arrays, buffers, etc. The libraries are: GLFW3 and GLEW, and I setted them by myself. The screen keeps black all the time. Full code: link here (It's just like a Hello World opengl program) Further Details: I get no errors at all. I downloaded a software to test my video card, and it supports OpenGL 4.1+ Standard OpenGL code for drawing (from earlier version) such as this one works normally. I'm using Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0 I presume all the OpenGL implementation was dune right: I added Additional Dependences to the linker as glew32.lib, opengl32.lib, glfw3.lib. The glew.dll was placed at SysWOW64 - because I'm running window 64bits, and glew is 32. Notes: I've been working hard to find out what this is, but I can't find. I would appreciate if anyone could test this code for me, so I can know if I implemented something wrong, and that its not my code.

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• XNA Sprite Clipping Incorrectly During Rotation

  - by user1226947

  I'm having a bit of trouble getting my sprites in XNA to draw. Seemingly if you use SpriteBatch to draw then XNA will not draw it if for example (mPosition.X + mSpriteTexture.Width < 0) as it assumes it is offscreen. However, it seems to make this decision before it applies a rotation. This rotation can mean that even though (mPosition.X + mSpriteTexture.Width < 0), some of the sprite is still visible on screen. My question is, is there a way to get it to draw further outside the viewport or temporarily disable sprite clipping during a certain spriteBatch.draw(...)? sb.Draw(mSpriteTexture, mPosition, new Rectangle(0, 0, mSpriteTexture.Width, mSpriteTexture.Height), Color.White, Globals.VectorToAngle(mOrientation), new Vector2(halfWidth, halfHeight), scale, SpriteEffects.None, 0);

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• LWJGL GL_QUADS texture artifact

  - by Dajgoro Labinac

  I managed to get working lwjgl in Java, and i loaded a test image(tv test card), but i keep getting weird artifacts outside the image. Image link: http://tinypic.com/r/vhv9g/6 Code: glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex2i(10, 10); glTexCoord2f(1, 0); glVertex2i(500, 10); glTexCoord2f(1, 1); glVertex2i(500, 500); glTexCoord2f(0, 1); glVertex2i(10, 500); glEnd(); What could be the cause?

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• Efficient Way to Draw Grids in XNA

  - by sm81095

  So I am working on a game right now, using Monogame as my framework, and it has come time to render my world. My world is made up of a grid (think Terraria but top-down instead of from the side), and it has multiple layers of grids in a single world. Knowing how inefficient it is to call SpriteBatch.Draw() a lot of times, I tried to implement a system where the tile would only be drawn if it wasn't hidden by the layers above it. The problem is, I'm getting worse performance by checking if it's hidden than when I just let everything draw even if it's not visible. So my question is: how to I efficiently check if a tile is hidden to cut down on the draw() calls? Here is my draw code for a single layer, drawing floors, and then the tiles (which act like walls): public void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { int drawAmt = 0; int width = Tile.TILE_DIM; int startX = (int)_parent.XOffset; int startY = (int)_parent.YOffset; //Gets the starting tiles and the dimensions to draw tiles, so only onscreen tiles are drawn, allowing for the drawing of large worlds int tileDrawWidth = ((CIGame.Instance.Graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth / width) + 4); int tileDrawHeight = ((CIGame.Instance.Graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight / width) + 4); int tileStartX = (int)MathHelper.Clamp((-startX / width) - 2, 0, this.Width); int tileStartY = (int)MathHelper.Clamp((-startY / width) - 2, 0, this.Height); #region Draw Floors and Tiles CIGame.Instance.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(_worldTarget); CIGame.Instance.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Black); CIGame.Instance.SpriteBatch.Begin(); //Draw floors for (int x = tileStartX; x < (int)MathHelper.Clamp(tileStartX + tileDrawWidth, 0, this.Width); x++) { for (int y = tileStartY; y < (int)MathHelper.Clamp(tileStartY + tileDrawHeight, 0, this.Height); y++) { //Check if this tile is hidden by layer above it bool visible = true; for (int i = this.LayerNumber; i <= _parent.ActiveLayer; i++) { if (this.LayerNumber != (_parent.Layers - 1) && (_parent.GetTileAt(x, y, i + 1).Opacity >= 1.0f || _parent.GetFloorAt(x, y, i + 1).Opacity >= 1.0f)) { visible = false; break; } } //Only draw if visible under the tile above it if (visible && this.GetTileAt(x, y).Opacity < 1.0f) { Texture2D tex = WorldTextureManager.GetFloorTexture((Floor)_floors[x, y]); Rectangle source = WorldTextureManager.GetSourceForIndex(((Floor)_floors[x, y]).GetTextureIndexFromSurroundings(x, y, this), tex); Rectangle draw = new Rectangle(startX + x * width, startY + y * width, width, width); CIGame.Instance.SpriteBatch.Draw(tex, draw, source, Color.White * ((Floor)_floors[x, y]).Opacity); drawAmt++; } } } //Draw tiles for (int x = tileStartX; x < (int)MathHelper.Clamp(tileStartX + tileDrawWidth, 0, this.Width); x++) { for (int y = tileStartY; y < (int)MathHelper.Clamp(tileStartY + tileDrawHeight, 0, this.Height); y++) { //Check if this tile is hidden by layers above it bool visible = true; for (int i = this.LayerNumber; i <= _parent.ActiveLayer; i++) { if (this.LayerNumber != (_parent.Layers - 1) && (_parent.GetTileAt(x, y, i + 1).Opacity >= 1.0f || _parent.GetFloorAt(x, y, i + 1).Opacity >= 1.0f)) { visible = false; break; } } if (visible) { Texture2D tex = WorldTextureManager.GetTileTexture((Tile)_tiles[x, y]); Rectangle source = WorldTextureManager.GetSourceForIndex(((Tile)_tiles[x, y]).GetTextureIndexFromSurroundings(x, y, this), tex); Rectangle draw = new Rectangle(startX + x * width, startY + y * width, width, width); CIGame.Instance.SpriteBatch.Draw(tex, draw, source, Color.White * ((Tile)_tiles[x, y]).Opacity); drawAmt++; } } } CIGame.Instance.SpriteBatch.End(); Console.WriteLine(drawAmt); CIGame.Instance.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); //TODO: Change to new rendertarget instead of null #endregion } So I was wondering if this is an efficient way, but I'm going about it wrongly, or if there is a different, more efficient way to check if the tiles are hidden. EDIT: For example of how much it affects performance: using a world with three layers, allowing everything to draw no matter what gives me 60FPS, but checking if its visible with all of the layers above it gives me only 20FPS, while checking only the layer immediately above it gives me a fluctuating FPS between 30 and 40FPS.

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• Increasing efficiency of N-Body gravity simulation

  - by Postman

  I'm making a space exploration type game, it will have many planets and other objects that will all have realistic gravity. I currently have a system in place that works, but if the number of planets goes above 70, the FPS decreases an practically exponential rates. I'm making it in C# and XNA. My guess is that I should be able to do gravity calculations between 100 objects without this kind of strain, so clearly my method is not as efficient as it should be. I have two files, Gravity.cs and EntityEngine.cs. Gravity manages JUST the gravity calculations, EntityEngine creates an instance of Gravity and runs it, along with other entity related methods. EntityEngine.cs public void Update() { foreach (KeyValuePair<string, Entity> e in Entities) { e.Value.Update(); } gravity.Update(); } (Only relevant piece of code from EntityEngine, self explanatory. When an instance of Gravity is made in entityEngine, it passes itself (this) into it, so that gravity can have access to entityEngine.Entities (a dictionary of all planet objects)) Gravity.cs namespace ExplorationEngine { public class Gravity { private EntityEngine entityEngine; private Vector2 Force; private Vector2 VecForce; private float distance; private float mult; public Gravity(EntityEngine e) { entityEngine = e; } public void Update() { //First loop foreach (KeyValuePair<string, Entity> e in entityEngine.Entities) { //Reset the force vector Force = new Vector2(); //Second loop foreach (KeyValuePair<string, Entity> e2 in entityEngine.Entities) { //Make sure the second value is not the current value from the first loop if (e2.Value != e.Value ) { //Find the distance between the two objects. Because Fg = G * ((M1 * M2) / r^2), using Vector2.Distance() and then squaring it //is pointless and inefficient because distance uses a sqrt, squaring the result simple cancels that sqrt. distance = Vector2.DistanceSquared(e2.Value.Position, e.Value.Position); //This makes sure that two planets do not attract eachother if they are touching, completely unnecessary when I add collision, //For now it just makes it so that the planets are not glitchy, performance is not significantly improved by removing this IF if (Math.Sqrt(distance) > (e.Value.Texture.Width / 2 + e2.Value.Texture.Width / 2)) { //Calculate the magnitude of Fg (I'm using my own gravitational constant (G) for the sake of time (I know it's 1 at the moment, but I've been changing it) mult = 1.0f * ((e.Value.Mass * e2.Value.Mass) / distance); //Calculate the direction of the force, simply subtracting the positions and normalizing works, this fixes diagonal vectors //from having a larger value, and basically makes VecForce a direction. VecForce = e2.Value.Position - e.Value.Position; VecForce.Normalize(); //Add the vector for each planet in the second loop to a force var. Force = Vector2.Add(Force, VecForce * mult); //I have tried Force += VecForce * mult, and have not noticed much of an increase in speed. } } } //Add that force to the first loop's planet's position (later on I'll instead add to acceleration, to account for inertia) e.Value.Position += Force; } } } } I have used various tips (about gravity optimizing, not threading) from THIS question (that I made yesterday). I've made this gravity method (Gravity.Update) as efficient as I know how to make it. This O(N^2) algorithm still seems to be eating up all of my CPU power though. Here is a LINK (google drive, go to File download, keep .Exe with the content folder, you will need XNA Framework 4.0 Redist. if you don't already have it) to the current version of my game. Left click makes a planet, right click removes the last planet. Mouse moves the camera, scroll wheel zooms in and out. Watch the FPS and Planet Count to see what I mean about performance issues past 70 planets. (ALL 70 planets must be moving, I've had 100 stationary planets and only 5 or so moving ones while still having 300 fps, the issue arises when 70+ are moving around) After 70 planets are made, performance tanks exponentially. With < 70 planets, I get 330 fps (I have it capped at 300). At 90 planets, the FPS is about 2, more than that and it sticks around at 0 FPS. Strangely enough, when all planets are stationary, the FPS climbs back up to around 300, but as soon as something moves, it goes right back down to what it was, I have no systems in place to make this happen, it just does. I considered multithreading, but that previous question I asked taught me a thing or two, and I see now that that's not a viable option. I've also thought maybe I could do the calculations on my GPU instead, though I don't think it should be necessary. I also do not know how to do this, it is not a simple concept and I want to avoid it unless someone knows a really noob friendly simple way to do it that will work for an n-body gravity calculation. (I have an NVidia gtx 660) Lastly I've considered using a quadtree type system. (Barnes Hut simulation) I've been told (in the previous question) that this is a good method that is commonly used, and it seems logical and straightforward, however the implementation is way over my head and I haven't found a good tutorial for C# yet that explains it in a way I can understand, or uses code I can eventually figure out. So my question is this: How can I make my gravity method more efficient, allowing me to use more than 100 objects (I can render 1000 planets with constant 300+ FPS without gravity calculations), and if I can't do much to improve performance (including some kind of quadtree system), could I use my GPU to do the calculations?

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• Model a chain with different elements in Unity 3D

  - by Alex

  I have to model, in unity 3D, a chain that is composed of various elements. some flexible, some rigid. The idea is to realize a human-chain where each person is linked to the other by their hands. I've not tried to implement it yet as i've no idea on what could be a good way to do it. In the game i've to manage a lot of chains of people... maybe also 100 chains composed of 11-15 people. The chain will be pretty simple and there won't be much interaction... Probabily some animation of the people one at time for each chain and some physic reaction (for example pushing a people in a chain should slightle flex the chain) the very problem of this work is that in the chain each object is composed by flexible parts (arms) and rigid parts (the body) and that the connection should remain firm... just like when people handshake... hands are firm and are the wrists to move. i can use C4D to model the meshes. i know this number may cause performance problems, but it's also true i will use low-poly versions of human. (for the real it won't be human, but very simple toonish characters that have harms and legs). So actually i'm trying to find a way to manage this in a way it can work, the performance will be a later problem that i can solve. If there is not a fast 'best-practiced' solution and you have any link/guide/doc that could help me in finding a way to realize this is, it would be very appreciated anyway if you post it. thanks

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• Point line collision reaction

  - by user4523

  I am trying to program point line segment collision detection and reaction. I am doing this for fun and to learn. The point moves (it has a velocity, and can be controlled by the user), whilst the lines are strait and stationary. The lines are not axis aligned. Everything is in 2D. It is quite straight forward to work out if a collision has occurred. For each frame, the point moves from A to B. AB is a line, and if it crosses the line segment, a collision has occurred (or will occur) and I am able to work out the point of intersection (poi). The problem I am having is with the reaction. Ideally I would like the point to be prevented from moving across the line. In one frame, I can move the point back to the poi (or only alow it to move as far as the poi), and alter the velocity. The problem I am having with this approach (I think) is that, next frame the user may try to cross the line again. Although the point is on the poi, the point may not be exactly on the line. Since it is not axis aligned, I think there is always some subtle rounding issue (A float representation of a point on a line might be rounded to a point that is slightly on one side or the other). Because of this, next frame the path might not intersect the line (because it can start on the other side and move away from it) and the point is effectively allowed to cross the line. Firstly, does the analysis sound correct? Having accepted (maybe) that I cannot always exactly position the point on the line, I tried to move the point away from the line slightly (either along the normal to the line, or along the path vector). I then get a problem at edges. Attempting to fix one collision by moving the point away from the line (even slightly) can cause it to cross another line (one shape I am dealing with is a star, with sharp corners). This can mean that the solution to one collision inadvertently creates another collision, which is ignored. Again, does this sound correct? Anyway, whatever I try, I am having difficulty with edges, and the point is occasionally able to penetrate the polygons and cross lines, which is undesirable. Whilst I can find a lot of information about collision detection on the web (and on this site) I can find precious little information on collision reaction. Does any one know of any good point line collision reaction tutorials? Or is my approach too flawed/over complicated?

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• How to add reflection definition to read JSON files in web game

  - by user3728735

  I have a game which I deployed for desktop and Android. I can read JSON data and create my levels, but when it comes to reading JSON files from web app, I get an error that logs, "cannot read the json file". I researched a lot and I found out that I should add my JSON config class to configurations, so I added this line to gameName.gwt.xml, which is in core folder: <extend-configuration-property name="gdx.reflect.include" value="com.las.get.level.LevelConfig"/> But it did not work out. I have no idea where should I place this line or where I should change to make my web app work, so I can read JSON files.

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• Splitting Pygame functionality between classes or modules?

  - by sec_goat

  I am attempting to make my pygame application more modular so that different functionalities are split up into different classes and modules. I am having some trouble getting pygame to allow me to draw or load images in secondary classes when the display has been set and pygame.init() has been done in my main class. I have typically used C# and XNA to accomplish this sort of behavior, but this time I need to use python. How do I init pygame in class1, then create an instance of class2 which loads and converts() images. I have tried pygame.init() in class 2 but then it tells me no display mode has been set, when it has been set in class1. I am under the impression i do not wnat to create multiple pygame.displays as that gets problematic I am probably missing something pythonic and simple but I am not sure what. How do I create a Display class, init python and then have other modules do my work like loading images, fonts etc.? here is the simplest version of what I am doing: class1: def __init__(self): self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600,400)) self.imageLoader = class2() class2: def __init__(self): self.images = ['list of images'] def load_images(): self.images = os.listdir('./images/') #get all images in the images directory for img in self.images: #read all images in the directory and load them into pygame new_img = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('images', img)).convert() scale_img = pygame.transform.scale(new_img, (pygame.display.Info().current_w, pygame.display.Info().current_h)) self.images.append(scale_img) if __name__ == "__main__": c1 = class1() c1.imageLoader.load_images() Of course when it tries to load an convert the images it tells me pygame has not been initialized, so i throw in a pygame.init() in class2 ( i have heard it is safe to init multiple times) and then the error goes to pygame.error: No video mode has been set

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