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  • starting rails in test environment

    - by Brian D.
    I'm trying to load up rails in the test environment using a ruby script. I've tried googling a bit and found this recommendation: require "../../config/environment" ENV['RAILS_ENV'] = ARGV.first || ENV['RAILS_ENV'] || 'test' This seems to load up my environment alright, but my development database is still being used. Am I doing something wrong? Here is my database.yml file... however I don't think it is the issue development: adapter: mysql encoding: utf8 reconnect: false database: BrianSite_development pool: 5 username: root password: dev host: localhost # Warning: The database defined as "test" will be erased and # re-generated from your development database when you run "rake". # Do not set this db to the same as development or production. test: adapter: mysql encoding: utf8 reconnect: false database: BrianSite_test pool: 5 username: root password: dev host: localhost production: adapter: mysql encoding: utf8 reconnect: false database: BrianSite_production pool: 5 username: root password: dev host: localhost I can't use ruby script/server -e test because I'm trying to run ruby code after I load rails. More specifically what I'm trying to do is: run a .sql database script, load up rails and then run automated tests. Everything seems to be working fine, but for whatever reason rails seems to be loading in the development environment instead of the test environment. Here is a shortened version of the code I am trying to run: system "execute mysql script here" require "../../config/environment" ENV['RAILS_ENV'] = ARGV.first || ENV['RAILS_ENV'] || 'test' describe Blog do it "should be initialized successfully" do blog = Blog.new end end I don't need to start a server, I just need to load my rails code base (models, controllers, etc..) so I can run tests against my code. Thanks for any help.

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  • What is the best way to store meshes or 3d models in a class

    - by Robse
    I am wondering, how I should store my mesh into memory after loading it from whatever file. I have Questions floating in my head: Should a mesh could have sub meshes or does the 3d model just store a list of meshes all on the same level Is there one material assigned to one mesh 1:1? What do I have to consider, if I want to store skeletal animations? Btw it's a OpenGL|ES2 iOS game using GLKit. I came up with some basic struct types: (But I think they are way to simple and I need to add padding or change the vector3 to vector4.) typedef union _N3DShortVector2 { struct { short x, y; }; struct { short s, t; }; short v[2]; } N3DShortVector2; typedef union _N3DShortVector3 { struct { short x, y, z; }; struct { short r, g, b; }; struct { short s, t, p; }; short v[3]; } N3DShortVector3; typedef GLKVector3 N3DFloatVector3; typedef struct _N3DMeshRecordSV3 { N3DShortVector3 v1, v2, v3; } N3DMeshRecordSV3; typedef struct _N3DMeshRecordSV3FN3ST2 { N3DShortVector3 v1, v2, v3; N3DFloatVector3 n1, n2, n3; N3DShortVector2 t1, t2, t3; } N3DMeshRecordSV3FN3ST2;

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  • Spherical to Cartesian Coordinates

    - by user1258455
    Well I'm reading the Frank's Luna DirectX10 book and, while I'm trying to understand the first demo, I found something that's not very clear at least for me. In the updateScene method, when I press A, S, W or D, the angles mTheta and mPhi change, but after that, there are three lines of code that I don't understand exactly what they do: // Convert Spherical to Cartesian coordinates: mPhi measured from +y // and mTheta measured counterclockwise from -z. float x = 5.0f*sinf(mPhi)*sinf(mTheta); float z = -5.0f*sinf(mPhi)*cosf(mTheta); float y = 5.0f*cosf(mPhi); I mean, this explains that they do, it says that it converts the spherical coordinates to cartesian coordinates, but, mathematically, why? why the x value is calculated by the product of the sins of both angles? And the z by the product of the sine and cosine? and why the y just uses the cosine? After that, those values (x, y and z) are used to build the view matrix. The book doesn't explain (mathematically) why those values are calculated like that (and I didn't find anything to help me to understand it at the first Part of the book: "Mathematical prerequisites"), so it would be good if someone could explain me what exactly happen in those code lines or just give me a link that helps me to understand the math part. Thanks in advance!

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  • Isometric tile selection

    - by Dylan Lundy
    I'm not all that good with Maths. I'm trying to make a function to convert mouse coordinates into a particular tile in an isometric view. All of the algorithms I have seen so far work with the X & Y axes going diagonal, my game is currently set up like this, and I would like to keep it so. Is there an algorithm so that if the mouse was at the red dot, it would return the coordinates of the tile that it is sitting on? (6,2)

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  • Edge flicker when moving Camera (2D)

    - by Matthias Reisner
    I have a Orthographic camera. I have a fixed landscape texture and a texture for a moveable object. If the object moves to the right the camera will also move with the object. When I also draw an score text that should have fixed position on the screen, that score text position will be update too if the camera's position gets updated so that it looks like that it is fixed on the screen. But if I do that, I have some edge flickering at the text object. I'am using SpriteBatch! Is there another approach to implement a fixed positioned object on the screen?

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  • How to synchronise the acceleration, velocity and position of the monsters on the server with the players?

    - by Nick
    I'm building an MMO using Node.js, and there are monsters roaming around. I can make them move around on the server using vector variables acceleration, velocity and position. acceleration = steeringForce / mass; velocity += acceleration * dTime; position += velocity * dTime; Right now I just send the positions over, and tell the players these are the "target positions" of the monsters, and let the monsters move towards the target positions on the client with a speed dependant on the distance of the target position. It works but looks rather strange. How do I synchronise these properly with the players without looking funny to them, taking into account the server lag? The problem is that I don't know how to make use of the correct acceleration/velocity values here; right now they just move directly in a straight line to the target position instead of accelerating/braking there properly. How can I implement such behaviour?

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  • Adding a small slide when player releases left/right key

    - by Dave
    the aim is for the player object to slow down and stop instead of just stopping dead. The following codes works ok when the player is not jumping, but gets stuck in an object if the player is in the air when they do it. Left Key released event: if hsp = 0 exit; hspeed = -3; friction = 0.20; if obj_Player.hspeed = 0 { hspeed = 0; } Right key released event: if hsp = 0 exit; hspeed = +3; friction = 0.20; if obj_Player.hspeed = 0 { hspeed = 0; } and here's the horizontal collision code for interest: if (place_meeting(x+hsp,y,obj_bound)) { while(!place_meeting(x+sign(hsp),y,obj_bound)) { x += sign(hsp); } hsp = 0; } x += hsp; Any help would be much appreciated. Thanks.

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  • How do I randomly generate a top-down 2D level with separate sections and is infinite?

    - by Bagofsheep
    I've read many other questions/answers about random level generation but most of them deal with either randomly/proceduraly generating 2D levels viewed from the side or 3D levels. What I'm trying to achieve is sort of like you were looking straight down on a Minecraft map. There is no height, but the borders of each "biome" or "section" of the map are random and varied. I already have basic code that can generate a perfectly square level with the same tileset (randomly picking segments from the tileset image), but I've encountered a major issue for wanting the level to be infinite: Beyond a certain point, the tiles' positions become negative on one or both of the axis. The code I use to only draw tiles the player can see relies on taking the tiles position and converting it to the index number that represents it in the array. As you well know, arrays cannot have a negative index. Here is some of my code: This generates the square (or rectangle) of tiles: //Scale is in tiles public void Generate(int sX, int sY) { scaleX = sX; scaleY = sY; for (int y = 0; y <= scaleY; y++) { tiles.Add(new List<Tile>()); for (int x = 0; x <= scaleX; x++) { tiles[tiles.Count - 1].Add(tileset.randomTile(x * tileset.TileSize, y * tileset.TileSize)); } } } Before I changed the code after realizing an array index couldn't be negative my for loops looked something like this to center the map around (0, 0): for (int y = -scaleY / 2; y <= scaleY / 2; y++) for (int x = -scaleX / 2; x <= scaleX / 2; x++) Here is the code that draws the tiles: int startX = (int)Math.Floor((player.Position.X - (graphics.Viewport.Width) - tileset.TileSize) / tileset.TileSize); int endX = (int)Math.Ceiling((player.Position.X + (graphics.Viewport.Width) + tileset.TileSize) / tileset.TileSize); int startY = (int)Math.Floor((player.Position.Y - (graphics.Viewport.Height) - tileset.TileSize) / tileset.TileSize); int endY = (int)Math.Ceiling((player.Position.Y + (graphics.Viewport.Height) + tileset.TileSize) / tileset.TileSize); for (int y = startY; y < endY; y++) { for (int x = startX; x < endX; x++) { if (x >= 0 && y >= 0 && x <= scaleX && y <= scaleY) tiles[y][x].Draw(spriteBatch); } } So to summarize what I'm asking: First, how do I randomly generate a top-down 2D map with different sections (not chunks per se, but areas with different tile sets) and second, how do I get past this negative array index issue?

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  • System hangs at glReadPixel call with GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY for texturing

    - by Roshan
    I am calling glReadPixel after glDrawArray call. I am rendering a geometry with 3D texture on it as a target GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY. My systems hangs at glreadpixel call. When i use target as GL_TEXTURE_3D the issue does not occurs and it correctly reads the framebuffer contents. glReadPixels(0, 0, GetViewportWidth(), GetViewportHeight(), GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, (GLvoid *)rendered_pixels); I am using SNORM textures with GL_byte data in glTeximage3D call and I am not calling glPixelStorei, is it because of this? What should be the parameter for pixelstore call?

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  • Premultiplying matrices with Perspective destroys them

    - by Shadows In Rain
    If I apply world_to_camera, perspective and camera_to_screen to my mesh, everything is okay. But if I premultiply given matrices (i.e. transform = world_to_camera * perpective * camera_to_screen) before applying, then it seems like only perspective has effect. If it is important... My 3d framework was written from scratch (test project for job interview). But it works flawlessly, or at least I think so. So, question. This is expected behaviour, or my implementation is wrong?

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  • How to prevent "underwater sight" in games

    - by CPP_Person
    In many games where the player can go underwater, it seems like when you look where the top half of the screen is in the air, and the bottom half the screen is in the water, it's almost like the water doesn't exist and the player is... flying slowly with water sounds? Is there a logical way to solve this? An algorithm? Doesn't seem like any solution has come up yet since many games still have this. I don't want to make the same mistake.

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  • How can I get textures on edge of walls like in Super Metroid and Aquaria?

    - by meds
    Games like Super Metroid and Aquaria present the terrain with the other facing parts having rocks and stuff while deeper behind them (i.e. underground) there's different detail or just black. I would like to do something similar using polygons. Terrain is created in my current level as a set of overlapping square boxes. I'm not sure if this rendering method will work such a system for creating terrain but if anyone has ideas I'd love to hear them. Otherwise I'd like to know how I should re-write the terrain rendering system so it actually works to draw terrain in this manner...

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  • How effects found in "Autodesk Fluid FX" are implemented using OpenGL ES?

    - by afds
    How this kind of effects are technically implemented using OpenGL ES? Are they performing simulation on GPU (using Shaders) or CPU while using some smart vertex positioning and texturing? Why it appears so fast (in terms of performance)? You might check the video of that app here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4KOk6QP6kQ edit Here is the presentation for the app: http://www.futuregameon.com/FGO2010_JosStam.pdf

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  • OpenGL depth texture wrong

    - by CoffeeandCode
    I have been writing a game engine for a while now and have decided to reconstruct my positions from depth... but how I read the depth seems to be wrong :/ What is wrong in my rendering? How I init my depth texture in the FBO gl::BindTexture(gl::TEXTURE_2D, this->textures[0]); // Depth gl::TexImage2D( gl::TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl::DEPTH32F_STENCIL8, width, height, 0, gl::DEPTH_STENCIL, gl::FLOAT_32_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8_REV, nullptr ); gl::TexParameterf(gl::TEXTURE_2D, gl::TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl::NEAREST); gl::TexParameterf(gl::TEXTURE_2D, gl::TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl::NEAREST); gl::TexParameterf(gl::TEXTURE_2D, gl::TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl::CLAMP_TO_EDGE); gl::TexParameterf(gl::TEXTURE_2D, gl::TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl::CLAMP_TO_EDGE); gl::FramebufferTexture2D( gl::FRAMEBUFFER, gl::DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, gl::TEXTURE_2D, this->textures[0], 0 ); Linear depth readings in my shader Vertex #version 150 layout(location = 0) in vec3 position; layout(location = 1) in vec2 uv; out vec2 uv_f; void main(){ uv_f = uv; gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0); } Fragment (where the issue probably is) #version 150\n uniform sampler2D depth_texture; in vec2 uv_f; out vec4 Screen; void main(){ float n = 0.00001; float f = 100.0; float z = texture(depth_texture, uv_f).x; float linear_depth = (n * z)/(f - z * (f - n)); Screen = vec4(linear_depth); // It ISN'T because I don't separate alpha } When Rendered so gamedev.stackexchange, what's wrong with my rendering/glsl?

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  • HTML5 Canvas A* Star Path finding

    - by Veyha
    I am trying to learn A* Star Path finding. Library I am using this - https://github.com/qiao/PathFinding.js But I am don't understand one thing how to do. I am need find path from player.x/player.y (player.x and player.y is both 0) to 10/10 This code return array of where I am need to move - var path = finder.findPath(player.x, player.y, 10, 10, grid); I am get array where I am need to move, but how to apply this array to my player.x and player.y? Array structure like - 0: 0 1: 0 length: 2, 0: 1 1: 0 length: 2, ... I am very sorry for my bad English language. Thanks.

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  • b2Body moves without stopping

    - by SentineL
    I got a quite strange bug. It is difficult to explain it in two words, but i'll try to do this in short. My b2Body has restitution, friction, density, mass and collision group. I controlling my b2Body via setting linear velocity to it (called on every iteration): (void)moveToDirection:(CGPoint)direction onlyHorizontal:(BOOL)horizontal { b2Vec2 velocity = [controlledObject getBody]-GetLinearVelocity(); double horizontalSpeed = velocity.x + controlledObject.acceleration * direction.x; velocity.x = (float32) (abs((int) horizontalSpeed) < controlledObject.runSpeed ? horizontalSpeed : controlledObject.maxSpeed * direction.x); if (!horizontal) { velocity.y = velocity.y + controlledObject.runSpeed * direction.y; } [controlledObject getBody]->SetLinearVelocity(velocity); } My floor is static b2Body, it has as restitution, friction, density, mass and same collision group in some reason, I'm setting b2Body's friction of my Hero to zero when it is moving, and returning it to 1 when he stops. When I'm pushing run button, hero runs. when i'm releasing it, he stops. All of this works perfect. On jumping, I'm setting linear velocity to my Hero: (void)jump { b2Vec2 velocity = [controlledObject getBody]->GetLinearVelocity(); velocity.y = velocity.y + [[AppDel cfg] getHeroJumpVlelocity]; [controlledObject getBody]->SetLinearVelocity(velocity); } If I'll run, jump, and release run button, while he is in air, all will work fine. And here is my problem: If I'll run, jump, and continue running on landing (or when he goes from one static body to another: there is small fall, probably), Hero will start move, like he has no friction, but he has! I checked this via beakpoints: he has friction, but I can move left of right, and he will never stop, until i'll jump (or go from one static body to another), with unpressed running button. I allready tried: Set friction to body on every iteration double-check am I setting friction to right fixture. set Linear Damping to Hero: his move slows down on gugged moveing. A little more code: I have a sensor and body fixtures in my hero: (void) addBodyFixture { b2CircleShape dynamicBox; dynamicBox.m_radius = [[AppDel cfg] getHeroRadius]; b2FixtureDef bodyFixtureDef; bodyFixtureDef.shape = &dynamicBox; bodyFixtureDef.density = 1.0f; bodyFixtureDef.friction = [[AppDel cfg] getHeroFriction]; bodyFixtureDef.restitution = [[AppDel cfg] getHeroRestitution]; bodyFixtureDef.filter.categoryBits = 0x0001; bodyFixtureDef.filter.maskBits = 0x0001; bodyFixtureDef.filter.groupIndex = 0; bodyFixtureDef.userData = [NSNumber numberWithInt:FIXTURE_BODY]; [physicalBody addFixture:bodyFixtureDef]; } (void) addSensorFixture { b2CircleShape sensorBox; sensorBox.m_radius = [[AppDel cfg] getHeroRadius] * 0.95; sensorBox.m_p.Set(0, -[[AppDel cfg] getHeroRadius] / 10); b2FixtureDef sensor; sensor.shape = &sensorBox; sensor.filter.categoryBits = 0x0001; sensor.filter.maskBits = 0x0001; sensor.filter.groupIndex = 0; sensor.isSensor = YES; sensor.userData = [NSNumber numberWithInt:FIXTURE_SENSOR]; [physicalBody addFixture:sensor]; } Here I'm tracking is hero in air: void FixtureContactListener::BeginContact(b2Contact* contact) { // We need to copy out the data because the b2Contact passed in // is reused. Squirrel *squirrel = (Squirrel *)contact->GetFixtureB()->GetBody()->GetUserData(); if (squirrel) { [squirrel addContact]; } } void FixtureContactListener::EndContact(b2Contact* contact) { Squirrel *squirrel = (Squirrel *)contact->GetFixtureB()->GetBody()->GetUserData(); if (squirrel) { [squirrel removeContact]; } } here is Hero's logic on contacts: - (void) addContact { if (contactCount == 0) [self landing]; contactCount++; } - (void) removeContact { contactCount--; if (contactCount == 0) [self flying]; if (contactCount <0) contactCount = 0; } - (void)landing { inAir = NO; acceleration = [[AppDel cfg] getHeroRunAcceleration]; [sprite stopAllActions]; (running ? [sprite runAction:[self runAction]] : [sprite runAction:[self standAction]]); } - (void)flying { inAir = YES; acceleration = [[AppDel cfg] getHeroAirAcceleration]; [sprite stopAllActions]; [self flyAction]; } here is Hero's moving logic: - (void)stop { running = NO; if (!inAir) { [sprite stopAllActions]; [sprite runAction:[self standAction]]; } } - (void)left { [physicalBody setFriction:0]; if (!running && !inAir) { [sprite stopAllActions]; [sprite runAction:[self runAction]]; } running = YES; moveingDirection = NO; [bodyControls moveToDirection:CGPointMake(-1, 0) onlyHorizontal:YES]; } - (void)right { [physicalBody setFriction:0]; if (!running && !inAir) { [sprite stopAllActions]; [sprite runAction:[self runAction]]; } running = YES; moveingDirection = YES; [bodyControls moveToDirection:CGPointMake(1, 0) onlyHorizontal:YES]; } - (void)jump { if (!inAir) { [bodyControls jump]; } } and here is my update method (called on every iteration): - (void)update:(NSMutableDictionary *)buttons { if (!isDead) { [self updateWithButtonName:BUTTON_LEFT inButtons:buttons whenPressed:@selector(left) whenUnpressed:@selector(stop)]; [self updateWithButtonName:BUTTON_RIGHT inButtons:buttons whenPressed:@selector(right) whenUnpressed:@selector(stop)]; [self updateWithButtonName:BUTTON_UP inButtons:buttons whenPressed:@selector(jump) whenUnpressed:@selector(nothing)]; [self updateWithButtonName:BUTTON_DOWN inButtons:buttons whenPressed:@selector(nothing) whenUnpressed:@selector(nothing)]; [sprite setFlipX:(moveingDirection)]; } [self checkPosition]; if (!running) [physicalBody setFriction:[[AppDel cfg] getHeroFriction]]; else [physicalBody setFriction:0]; } - (void)updateWithButtonName:(NSString *)buttonName inButtons:(NSDictionary *)buttons whenPressed:(SEL)pressedSelector whenUnpressed:(SEL)unpressedSelector { NSNumber *buttonNumber = [buttons objectForKey:buttonName]; if (buttonNumber == nil) return; if ([buttonNumber boolValue]) [self performSelector:pressedSelector]; else [self performSelector:unpressedSelector]; } - (void)checkPosition { b2Body *body = [self getBody]; b2Vec2 position = body->GetPosition(); CGPoint inWorldPosition = [[AppDel cfg] worldMeterPointFromScreenPixel:CGPointMake(position.x * PTM_RATIO, position.y * PTM_RATIO)]; if (inWorldPosition.x < 0 || inWorldPosition.x > WORLD_WIDGH / PTM_RATIO || inWorldPosition.y <= 0) { [self kill]; } }

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  • Particle Effect Completion

    - by Siddharth
    In my game I use particle effect for various purposes. In that I detect the completion of the particle effect. Basically I want to do something after completion of the particle effect. But the problem is that I didn't able to find the particle effect completion. So any community member please help me. EDIT : I was creating particle effect using following code pointParticleEmtitter = new PointParticleEmitter(pX, pY); particleSystem = new ParticleSystem(pointParticleEmtitter, maxRate, minRate, maxParticles, mParticleTextureRegion.deepCopy()); particleSystem.setBlendFunction(GL10.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL10.GL_ONE); particleSystem.addParticleInitializer(new ColorInitializer(0f, 0f, 1f)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new AlphaModifier(1, 0, 0, 0.5f)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new ExpireModifier(0.5f)); gameObject.getScene().attachChild(particleSystem); Using above code the particle effect was started but when finished that I want to detect. After finishing effect I want to remove the object from the scene.

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  • Animations not accepted in animator

    - by Lautaro
    In the official Unity Animator State Machine tutorial video animation clips are dragged out from the assets folder into the animator and dropped. I have a 3D model that i bought online to experiment with that comes with animations. I added a custom made animation as well. These all work well in my demo project. But when i add a animator to the assets and try to drag and drop animations onto it it doesnt work. I get a forbidden-sign as a mouse pointer. I try to add animations through the inspector but that does not work either. The tutorials makes it seem so easy and does not talk anything about what animations can be used. What am i doing wrong?

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  • How can I write data to a file that users can't easily edit?

    - by ThePlan
    While working on game saving and loading I figured I could just write all the variable values to a file and then load that file from it's default location anytime. However from the very beginning it sounded like an odd job. I know about serialization and boost, but that seems so complicated, I figured I'd keep it simple, but I've ran across this huge issue: No matter what file I can write with C++, the user can get their hands on it, they can edit their position, they can remove a boss, or add new weapons for themselves. My question here is: How can I create a file in C++ which cannot be editted or openned with a text editor such as Notepad (I'm not trying to make a file which is impossible to open, but a file which will give the user a headache if he tries to edit it through usual methods.)

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  • Splitting Pygame functionality between classes or modules?

    - by sec_goat
    I am attempting to make my pygame application more modular so that different functionalities are split up into different classes and modules. I am having some trouble getting pygame to allow me to draw or load images in secondary classes when the display has been set and pygame.init() has been done in my main class. I have typically used C# and XNA to accomplish this sort of behavior, but this time I need to use python. How do I init pygame in class1, then create an instance of class2 which loads and converts() images. I have tried pygame.init() in class 2 but then it tells me no display mode has been set, when it has been set in class1. I am under the impression i do not wnat to create multiple pygame.displays as that gets problematic I am probably missing something pythonic and simple but I am not sure what. How do I create a Display class, init python and then have other modules do my work like loading images, fonts etc.? here is the simplest version of what I am doing: class1: def __init__(self): self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600,400)) self.imageLoader = class2() class2: def __init__(self): self.images = ['list of images'] def load_images(): self.images = os.listdir('./images/') #get all images in the images directory for img in self.images: #read all images in the directory and load them into pygame new_img = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('images', img)).convert() scale_img = pygame.transform.scale(new_img, (pygame.display.Info().current_w, pygame.display.Info().current_h)) self.images.append(scale_img) if __name__ == "__main__": c1 = class1() c1.imageLoader.load_images() Of course when it tries to load an convert the images it tells me pygame has not been initialized, so i throw in a pygame.init() in class2 ( i have heard it is safe to init multiple times) and then the error goes to pygame.error: No video mode has been set

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  • Multiplication for MVP matrices: Any benefits to doing so within the vertex shader?

    - by Nick Wiggill
    I'd like to understand under what circumstances (if any) it is worth doing MVP matrix multiplication inside a vertex shader. The vertex shader is run once per vertex, and a single mesh typically contains many vertices. All MVP inputs remain the same for each vertex in the vertex batch relating to a given draw call (model). Surely then, you're always better off keeping the multiplications in the client code, such that you pass in the whole MVP precalculated as a uniform? (avoiding redundant ops between individual vertices)

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  • How to give parallax backgrounds more depth

    - by user28015
    I have 3 tiled images of some sort of galaxy/space in the background of a 2D Game: The first one has an alpha of 100%, the second an alpha of 80% and the last one has an alpha of 60%. I scroll the the one in the background slower than the other ones of course. classic parallax. In the foreground I have some particles flying towards the player to simulate some dust / stars flying by. (I know that stars don't fly by, but I think we all have seen this in a lot of games). But I can't quite achieve the depth effect I am looking for. I want it to look "deeper". I did read something about using blending modes for the backgrounds, but that would require to render them as objects right? So the question is: What is a good technique to do a scrolling parallax background in GameMaker?

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  • C# 2D Camera Max Zoom

    - by Craig
    I have a simple ship sprite moving around the screen along with a 2D Camera. I have zooming in and out working, however when I zoom out it goes past the world bounds and has the cornflower blue background showing. How do I sort it that I can only zoom out as far as showing the entire world (which is a picture of OZ) and thats it? I dont want any of the cornflower blue showing. Cheers! namespace GamesCoursework_1 { /// <summary> /// This is the main type for your game /// </summary> public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; // player variables Texture2D Ship; Vector2 Ship_Position; float Ship_Rotation = 0.0f; Vector2 Ship_Origin; Vector2 Ship_Velocity; const float tangentialVelocity = 4f; float friction = 0.05f; static Point CameraViewport = new Point(800, 800); Camera2d cam = new Camera2d((int)CameraViewport.X, (int)CameraViewport.Y); //Size of world static Point worldSize = new Point(1600, 1600); // Screen variables static Point worldCenter = new Point(worldSize.X / 2, worldSize.Y / 2); Rectangle playerBounds = new Rectangle(CameraViewport.X / 2, CameraViewport.Y / 2, worldSize.X - CameraViewport.X, worldSize.Y - CameraViewport.Y); Rectangle worldBounds = new Rectangle(0, 0, worldSize.X, worldSize.Y); Texture2D background; public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = CameraViewport.X; graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = CameraViewport.Y; Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; } /// <summary> /// Allows the game to perform any initialization it needs to before starting to run. /// This is where it can query for any required services and load any non-graphic /// related content. Calling base.Initialize will enumerate through any components /// and initialize them as well. /// </summary> protected override void Initialize() { // TODO: Add your initialization logic here base.Initialize(); } /// <summary> /// LoadContent will be called once per game and is the place to load /// all of your content. /// </summary> protected override void LoadContent() { // Create a new SpriteBatch, which can be used to draw textures. spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); // TODO: use this.Content to load your game content here Ship = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Ship"); Ship_Origin.X = Ship.Width / 2; Ship_Origin.Y = Ship.Height / 2; background = Content.Load<Texture2D>("aus"); Ship_Position = new Vector2(worldCenter.X, worldCenter.Y); cam.Pos = Ship_Position; cam.Zoom = 1f; } /// <summary> /// UnloadContent will be called once per game and is the place to unload /// all content. /// </summary> protected override void UnloadContent() { // TODO: Unload any non ContentManager content here } /// <summary> /// Allows the game to run logic such as updating the world, /// checking for collisions, gathering input, and playing audio. /// </summary> /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param> protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { // Allows the game to exit if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed) this.Exit(); // TODO: Add your update logic here Ship_Position = Ship_Velocity + Ship_Position; keyPressed(); base.Update(gameTime); } /// <summary> /// This is called when the game should draw itself. /// </summary> /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param> protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); // TODO: Add your drawing code here spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Deferred, BlendState.AlphaBlend, null, null, null,null, cam.get_transformation(GraphicsDevice)); spriteBatch.Draw(background, Vector2.Zero, Color.White); spriteBatch.Draw(Ship, Ship_Position, Ship.Bounds, Color.White, Ship_Rotation, Ship_Origin, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0f); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } private void Ship_Move(Vector2 move) { Ship_Position += move; } private void keyPressed() { KeyboardState keyState; // Move right keyState = Keyboard.GetState(); if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { Ship_Rotation = Ship_Rotation + 0.1f; } if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { Ship_Rotation = Ship_Rotation - 0.1f; } if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Up)) { Ship_Velocity.X = (float)Math.Cos(Ship_Rotation) * tangentialVelocity; Ship_Velocity.Y = (float)Math.Sin(Ship_Rotation) * tangentialVelocity; if ((int)Ship_Position.Y < playerBounds.Bottom && (int)Ship_Position.Y > playerBounds.Top) cam._pos.Y = Ship_Position.Y; if ((int)Ship_Position.X > playerBounds.Left && (int)Ship_Position.X < playerBounds.Right) cam._pos.X = Ship_Position.X; Ship_Position += new Vector2(tangentialVelocity, 0); if (!worldBounds.Contains(new Point((int)Ship_Position.X, (int)Ship_Position.Y))) Ship_Position -= new Vector2(tangentialVelocity * 2, 0.0f); Ship_Position += new Vector2(-tangentialVelocity, 0.0f); if (!worldBounds.Contains(new Point((int)Ship_Position.X, (int)Ship_Position.Y))) Ship_Position -= new Vector2(-tangentialVelocity * 2, 0.0f); Ship_Position += new Vector2(0.0f, -tangentialVelocity); if (!worldBounds.Contains(new Point((int)Ship_Position.X, (int)Ship_Position.Y))) Ship_Position -= new Vector2(0.0f, -tangentialVelocity * 2); Ship_Position += new Vector2(0.0f, tangentialVelocity); if (!worldBounds.Contains(new Point((int)Ship_Position.X, (int)Ship_Position.Y))) Ship_Position -= new Vector2(0.0f, 2 * tangentialVelocity); } else if(Ship_Velocity != Vector2.Zero) { float i = Ship_Velocity.X; float j = Ship_Velocity.Y; Ship_Velocity.X = i -= friction * i; Ship_Velocity.Y = j -= friction * j; if ((int)Ship_Position.Y < playerBounds.Bottom && (int)Ship_Position.Y > playerBounds.Top) cam._pos.Y = Ship_Position.Y; if ((int)Ship_Position.X > playerBounds.Left && (int)Ship_Position.X < playerBounds.Right) cam._pos.X = Ship_Position.X; Ship_Position += new Vector2(tangentialVelocity, 0); if (!worldBounds.Contains(new Point((int)Ship_Position.X, (int)Ship_Position.Y))) Ship_Position -= new Vector2(tangentialVelocity * 2, 0.0f); Ship_Position += new Vector2(-tangentialVelocity, 0.0f); if (!worldBounds.Contains(new Point((int)Ship_Position.X, (int)Ship_Position.Y))) Ship_Position -= new Vector2(-tangentialVelocity * 2, 0.0f); Ship_Position += new Vector2(0.0f, -tangentialVelocity); if (!worldBounds.Contains(new Point((int)Ship_Position.X, (int)Ship_Position.Y))) Ship_Position -= new Vector2(0.0f, -tangentialVelocity * 2); Ship_Position += new Vector2(0.0f, tangentialVelocity); if (!worldBounds.Contains(new Point((int)Ship_Position.X, (int)Ship_Position.Y))) Ship_Position -= new Vector2(0.0f, 2 * tangentialVelocity); } if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Q)) { if (cam.Zoom < 2f) cam.Zoom += 0.05f; } if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.A)) { if (cam.Zoom > 0.3f) cam.Zoom -= 0.05f; } } } }

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  • How to make a iOS plugin for Unity3d

    - by DannoEterno
    I've passed last 2 days reading articles and book for understand how can i make a plugin for iOS in Unity. Basically i need just a demo for understand how it work. For now i've tried to make this process (with really poor luck): I've started a new project in Unity and writed a simple script using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; using System; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; public class CallPlugin : MonoBehaviour { [DllImport ("__Internal")] private static extern int test(); void Start () { Debug.Log(test()); } } Then i've created a project in Xcode with this simple script: extern "C"{ int test() { int che = 5; return che; } } Then i've tried: to put the .mm and .h in the Assets/Plugins/iOS = nothing to build the unity project and than add the .h and .mm in the Xcode project = nothing In Unity i will always get the EntryPointNotFoundException, so unity see the file but is unable to reach the method. The problem is... how?! :) Maybe i miss something or i've done something wrong? Thanks a lot for every help that you can give me :)

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  • Is it better to cut and store all sprites needed from a spritesheet in memory, or cut them out just-in-time?

    - by xLite
    I'm not sure what's best practice here as I have little experience with this. Essentially what I am asking is... if it's better to get your single PNG with all your different sprites on it for use in-game, cut out every sprite on startup and store them in memory, then access the already-cut-out sprite from memory quickly or Only have the single PNG with all the different sprites residing in memory, and when you need, for example, a tree. You cut out the tree from the PNG and then continue to use it as normal. I imagine the former is more CPU friendly than the latter but less memory friendly, vice versa for the latter. I want to know what the norm is for game dev. This is a pixel based game using 2D art. Each PNG is actually an avatar's sprite sheet with each body part separated and then later joined to form the full body of the avatar.

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