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  • Cocos2d v2.0 and OpenGL 2.0/1.0: where to start

    - by mm24
    I started developing my very first game 3 months ago using Cocos2d 2.0 for iPhone. I am now in the stage where I'd like to add some cool effects to the bullets and some special weapons (see my waveforms question here). I got a good answer in the cocos2d-iphone forum (see this one). Unfortunately I am a bit paralized now. I don't know if I will be overdoing by learning OpengGL 2.0 or if I should just stick ot the old 1.0. There is a good intro on various tutorial's written in Steffen Itterheims blog (see this post). I would like to add to my game: a blur effect to the bullets (here is a tutorial for OpenGL 1.0) a waveform (see above) some realistic water ripples (here is a nice sample code) So now, given that I don't want to overdo things but at the same time I want to achieve those effects, from where should I start? Should I discard the OpenGL 1.0 tutorials? OR should I use only OpenGL 1.0 code? How can I avoid confusion? I mean, it seems that the compiler recognizes both, but that there are some conflictual calls in some circumnstances, I am fairly sure this has some explanation, is there some reference to this somewhere?

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  • How many players can UDK support without Networking

    - by N0xus
    I've been looking for the answer to this for some time now, but cannot find anything online that is helpful. What I want to know is the amount of players that the UDK can support on one single machine. An example of this would be golden eye on the N64. On that, you could get 4 players all playing the same game at the same time using split screen. Like in this image: Does anyone know is the UDK is capable of doing similar?

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  • How to handle loading and keeping many bitmaps in an Android 2D game

    - by Lumis
    In an Android 2D game which is using SurfaceView where its onDraw is driven by a loop from a Thread, I use many bitmap sprites (sprite sheets) and two background size bitmaps, which are all loaded into memory at the start. It all works fine, however, when the activity is onPause or after reloading it few times, Android shows a tendency to wipe out the big bitmaps only, probably to free memory. Sometimes this happens even in the middle of loading this very activity. In order to counter this, I made a check in the onDraw method to test if the big bitmaps are still there and reload them if they are forcefully recycled by Android, before drawing them on Canvas. This solution may not be the most stable, and since I know that there are much more accomplished android game programmers here than myself, I hope you can reveal some tricks or secrets or at least provide some good hints, how to overcome this.

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  • How to detect whether an Object came to sleep at a specific position?

    - by Nils Riedemann
    I'm currently writing a small game with box2dweb and I need some direction for this: I'm throwing a Box and have to hit a specific place and trigger an event when the object that's been thrown isn't moving anymore, "fell asleep" so to say. What's the proper way / best practice for this? I'm currently thinking of asking the b2World whether an Object is within a specific AABB and then wait a few seconds, check if it's still there and then trigger the event. But this seems to me like the roundabout way and the object might still be moving inside of that AABB and eventually even drop out of the AABB.

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  • Determining relative velocities on impact?

    - by meds
    I'm trying to figure out a way to determine the relative velocity of a body colliding with another in a 2D environment. For example if one body is moving at (1,0) and another traveling behind it collides with it from behind at (2,0) the velocity of the impact relative to the first body was (1,0). I need a method which takes in two velocities, one velocity belonging to the body the velocity is being measured against, and the other for the impacting body and return the relative velocity.

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  • How do I plot individual pixels using the XNA APIs?

    - by izb
    If I wanted to fill my game screen with individually coloured pixels, how would I do this? For example, if I wanted to write a 'game of life'-type game where each pixel was a cell, how would I achieve this using XNA? I've tried just calling SetData() on a Texture2D object using a screen-sized array of Color values, but it complains with: You may not call SetData on a resource while it is actively set on the GraphicsDevice. Unset it from the device before calling SetData. How do I do as it asks? Or better still... is there an alternative, better, efficient way to fill a screen with arbitrary pixels?

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  • How can I log key presses in Game Maker?

    - by skeletalmonkey
    I'm trying to create a log of a players actions as they play a game of Spelunky. The easiest I've found to do this is to log what keys are pressed at each frame. What I don't know how to do is how to integrate this with the Game Maker source code of Spelunky. Is there a specific way to create a script that is checked every frame/tick (don't know the right term) and a command to find what buttons are pressed?

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  • Libgdx 2D Game, Random generated World of random size, how to get mouse coordinates?

    - by Solom
    I'm a noob and English is not my mothertongue, so please bear with me! I'm generating a map for a Sidescroller out of a 2D-array. That is, the array holds different values and I create blocks based on that value. Now, my problem is to match mouse coordinates on screen with the actual block the mouse is pointing at. public class GameScreen implements Screen { private static final int WIDTH = 100; private static final int HEIGHT = 70; private OrthographicCamera camera; private Rectangle glViewport; private Spritebatch spriteBatch; private Map map; private Block block; ... @Override public void show() { camera = new OrthographicCamera(WIDTH, HEIGHT); camera.position.set(WIDTH/2, HEIGHT/2, 0); glViewport = new Rectangle(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT); map = new Map(16384, 256); map.printTileMap(); // Debugging only spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(); } @Override public void render(float delta) { // Clear previous frame Gdx.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1 ); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); GL30 gl = Gdx.graphics.getGL30(); // gl.glViewport((int) glViewport.x, (int) glViewport.y, (int) glViewport.width, (int) glViewport.height); spriteBatch.setProjectionMatrix(camera.combined); camera.update(); spriteBatch.begin(); // Draw Map this.drawMap(); // spriteBatch.flush(); spriteBatch.end(); } private void drawMap() { for(int a = 0; a < map.getHeight(); a++) { // Bounds check (y) if(camera.position.y + camera.viewportHeight < a)// || camera.position.y - camera.viewportHeight > a) break; for(int b = 0; b < map.getWidth(); b++) { // Bounds check (x) if(camera.position.x + camera.viewportWidth < b)// || camera.position.x > b) break; // Dynamic rendering via BlockManager int id = map.getTileMap()[a][b]; Block block = BlockManager.map.get(id); if(block != null) // Check if Air { block.setPosition(b, a); spriteBatch.draw(block.getTexture(), b, a, 1 ,1); } } } } As you can see, I don't use the viewport anywhere. Not sure if I need it somewhere down the road. So, the map is 16384 blocks wide. One block is 16 pixels in size. One of my naive approaches was this: if(Gdx.input.isButtonPressed(Input.Buttons.LEFT)) { Vector3 mousePos = new Vector3(); mousePos.set(Gdx.input.getX(), Gdx.input.getY(), 0); camera.unproject(mousePos); System.out.println(Math.round(mousePos.x)); // *16); // Debugging // TODO: round // map.getTileMap()[mousePos.x][mousePos.y] = 2; // Draw at mouse position } I confused myself somewhere down the road I fear. What I want to do is, update the "block" (or rather the information in the Map/2D-Array) so that in the next render() there is another block. Basically drawing on the spriteBatch g So if anyone could point me in the right direction this would be highly appreciated. Thanks!

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  • HLSL: An array of textures and sampler states

    - by nate142
    The shader must switch between multiple textures depending on the Alpha value of the original texture for each pixel. Now this would word fine if I didn't have to worry about SamplerStates. I have created my array of textures and can select a texture based on the Alpha value of the pixel. But how do I create an Array of SamplerStates and link it to my array of textures? I attempted to treat the SamplerState as a function by adding the (int i) but that didn't work. Also I can't use Texture.Sample since this is shader model 2.0. //shader model 2.0 (DX9) texture subTextures[255]; SamplerState MeshTextureSampler(int i) { Texture = (subTextures[i]); }; float4 SampleCompoundTexture(float2 texCoord, float4 diffuse) { float4 SelectedColor = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(Texture, texCoord); int i = SelectedColor.a; texture SelectedTx = subTextures[i]; return tex2D(MeshTextureSampler(i), texCoord) * diffuse; }

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  • Is it a good idea to use a formula to balance a game's complexity, in order to keep players in constant flow?

    - by user1107412
    I read a lot about Flow theory and its applications to video games, and I got an idea sticking in my mind. If a number of weight values are applied to different parameters of a certain game level (i.e. the size of the level, the number of enemies, their overal strength, the variance in their behavior, etc), then it should be technically possible to find an overal score mechanism for each level in the game. If a constant ratio of complexity increase were empirically defined, for instance 1,3333, or say, the Golden Ratio, would it be a good idea to arrange the levels in such an order that the increase of overal complexity tends to increase that much? Has somebody tried it?

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  • how to make a continuous machine gun sound-effect

    - by Jan
    I am trying to make an entity fire one or more machine-guns. For each gun I store the time between shots (1.0 / firing rate) and the time since the last shot. Also I've loaded ~10 different gun-shot sound-effects. Now, for each gun I do the following: function update(deltatime): timeSinceLastShot += deltatime if timeSinceLastShot >= timeBetweenShots + verySmallRandomValue(): timeSinceLastShot -= timeBetweenShots if gunIsFiring: displayMuzzleFlash() spawnBullet() selectRandomSound().play() But now I often get a crackling noise (which I assume is when two or more guns are firing at the same time and confuse the sound-device). My question is whether A) This a common problem and there is a well-known solution, maybe to do with the channels or something, or B) I am using a completely wrong approach to the task. I had a look at some sound-assets for other games and they used complete burst with multiple shots. I suppose I could try that, but I would like to have organic little hickups in the gun-fire (that's what the random value is for) to make the game more gritty and dirty. I am using Panda3D, but I had the exact same problem in PyGame and SDL. [edit] Thanks a lot for the answers so far! One more problem with faking it though: Now how do I stop the sound? Let's say I have an effect with 5 bangs... *bang* *bang* *bang* *bang* *bang* And I magically manage to loop it so that there's no gap or overlap if the player fires more than 5 shots. Now, what do I do if the player stops firing halfway through the third bang? How do I know how long to keep playing the sample so that the third bang is completed and I can start playing the rumbling echo of the last shot? Of course I can look up the shot/pause timing of that sound-sample and code accordingly, but it feels extremely hacky.

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  • Triple buffering causes input lag?

    - by user782220
    Consider some time in between two vsyncs. Suppose the first display buffer is being used to display the current image, and suppose the game was really fast and computed and rendered the next image to the second display buffer and the next one after that to the third display buffer. That is the rendering to the second and third display buffer happens so fast that it occurs before the next vsync. Suppose input from the user comes in now. What you would like is for the results of the input to show up on the next vsync or (probably more typical) the vsync after that. However, with the third display buffer already rendered the input can only effect the image after that. Meaning the input will only take effect at best 3 vsyncs later. I wish i had an image to show the exact timings of what I mean.

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  • XNA 4.0 Point Vertex Rendering

    - by luis
    I have a buffer of about 134 million particles and a very powerful computer to render them smoothly but I am getting an error when trying to render them as primitive lines it says I cannot render more than around 1 million. I wonder how can I do this, also if is there a better way to render this other than with lines, I'm comfortable with having 1 pixel points or anything as long as the vertices are shown all the time. I'm basically just plotting the points. thanks.

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  • Arcball Problems with UDK

    - by opdude
    I'm trying to re-create an arcball example from a Nehe, where an object can be rotated in a more realistic way while floating in the air (in my game the object is attached to the player at a distance like for example the Physics Gun) however I'm having trouble getting this to work with UDK. I have created an LGArcBall which follows the example from Nehe and I've compared outputs from this with the example code. I think where my problem lies is what I do to the Quaternion that is returned from the LGArcBall. Currently I am taking the returned Quaternion converting it to a rotation matrix. Getting the product of the last rotation (set when the object is first clicked) and then returning that into a Rotator and setting that to the objects rotation. If you could point me in the right direction that would be great, my code can be found below. class LGArcBall extends Object; var Quat StartRotation; var Vector StartVector; var float AdjustWidth, AdjustHeight, Epsilon; function SetBounds(float NewWidth, float NewHeight) { AdjustWidth = 1.0f / ((NewWidth - 1.0f) * 0.5f); AdjustHeight = 1.0f / ((NewHeight - 1.0f) * 0.5f); } function StartDrag(Vector2D startPoint, Quat rotation) { StartVector = MapToSphere(startPoint); } function Quat Update(Vector2D currentPoint) { local Vector currentVector, perp; local Quat newRot; //Map the new point to the sphere currentVector = MapToSphere(currentPoint); //Compute the vector perpendicular to the start and current perp = startVector cross currentVector; //Make sure our length is larger than Epsilon if (VSize(perp) > Epsilon) { //Return the perpendicular vector as the transform newRot.X = perp.X; newRot.Y = perp.Y; newRot.Z = perp.Z; //In the quaternion values, w is cosine (theta / 2), where //theta is the rotation angle newRot.W = startVector dot currentVector; } else { //The two vectors coincide, so return an identity transform newRot.X = 0.0f; newRot.Y = 0.0f; newRot.Z = 0.0f; newRot.W = 0.0f; } return newRot; } function Vector MapToSphere(Vector2D point) { local float x, y, length, norm; local Vector result; //Transform the mouse coords to [-1..1] //and inverse the Y coord x = (point.X * AdjustWidth) - 1.0f; y = 1.0f - (point.Y * AdjustHeight); length = (x * x) + (y * y); //If the point is mapped outside of the sphere //( length > radius squared) if (length > 1.0f) { norm = 1.0f / Sqrt(length); //Return the "normalized" vector, a point on the sphere result.X = x * norm; result.Y = y * norm; result.Z = 0.0f; } else //It's inside of the sphere { //Return a vector to the point mapped inside the sphere //sqrt(radius squared - length) result.X = x; result.Y = y; result.Z = Sqrt(1.0f - length); } return result; } DefaultProperties { Epsilon = 0.000001f } I'm then attempting to rotate that object when the mouse is dragged, with the following update code in my PlayerController. //Get Mouse Position MousePosition.X = LGMouseInterfacePlayerInput(PlayerInput).MousePosition.X; MousePosition.Y = LGMouseInterfacePlayerInput(PlayerInput).MousePosition.Y; newQuat = ArcBall.Update(MousePosition); rotMatrix = MakeRotationMatrix(QuatToRotator(newQuat)); rotMatrix = rotMatrix * LastRot; LGMoveableActor(movingPawn.CurrentUseableObject).SetPhysics(EPhysics.PHYS_Rotating); LGMoveableActor(movingPawn.CurrentUseableObject).SetRotation(MatrixGetRotator(rotMatrix));

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  • Browser Game Database structure

    - by John Svensson
    users id username password email userlevel characters id userid level strength exp max_exp map id x y This is what I have so far. I want to be able to implement and put different NPC's on my map location. I am thinking of some npc_entities table, would that be a good approach? And then I would have a npc_list table with details as how much damage, level, etc the NPC is. Give me some ideas with the map, map entities, npc how I can structure it?

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  • libgdx draw issue and animation

    - by johnny-b
    it seems as though i cannot get the draw method to work??? it seems as though the bullet.draw(batcher) does not work and i cannot understand why as the bullet is a sprite. i have made a Sprite[] and added them as animation. could that be it? i tried batcher.draw(AssetLoader.bulletAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), bullet.getX(), bullet.getY(), bullet.getOriginX() / 2, bullet.getOriginY() / 2, bullet.getWidth(), bullet.getHeight(), 1, 1, bullet.getRotation()); but that dont work, the only way it draws is this batcher.draw(AssetLoader.bulletAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), bullet.getX(), bullet.getY()); below is the code. // this is in a Asset Class texture = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("SpriteN1.png")); texture.setFilter(TextureFilter.Nearest, TextureFilter.Nearest); bullet1 = new Sprite(texture, 380, 350, 45, 20); bullet1.flip(false, true); bullet2 = new Sprite(texture, 425, 350, 45, 20); bullet2.flip(false, true); Sprite[] bullets = { bullet1, bullet2 }; bulletAnimation = new Animation(0.06f, bullets); bulletAnimation.setPlayMode(Animation.PlayMode.LOOP); // this is the GameRender class public class GameRender() { private Bullet bullet; private Ball ball; public GameRenderer(GameWorld world) { myWorld = world; cam = new OrthographicCamera(); cam.setToOrtho(true, 480, 320); batcher = new SpriteBatch(); // Attach batcher to camera batcher.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); shapeRenderer = new ShapeRenderer(); shapeRenderer.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); // Call helper methods to initialize instance variables initGameObjects(); initAssets(); } private void initGameObjects() { ball = GameWorld.getBall(); bullet = myWorld.getBullet(); scroller = myWorld.getScroller(); } private void initAssets() { ballAnimation = AssetLoader.ballAnimation; bulletAnimation = AssetLoader.bulletAnimation; } public void render(float runTime) { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL30.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); batcher.begin(); // Disable transparency // This is good for performance when drawing images that do not require // transparency. batcher.disableBlending(); // The ball needs transparency, so we enable that again. batcher.enableBlending(); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.ballAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), ball.getX(), ball.getY(), ball.getWidth(), ball.getHeight()); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.bulletAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), bullet.getX(), bullet.getY()); // End SpriteBatch batcher.end(); } } // this is the gameworld class public class GameWorld { public static Ball ball; private Bullet bullet; private ScrollHandler scroller; public GameWorld() { ball = new Ball(480, 273, 32, 32); bullet = new Bullet(10, 10); scroller = new ScrollHandler(0); } public void update(float delta) { ball.update(delta); bullet.update(delta); scroller.update(delta); } public static Ball getBall() { return ball; } public ScrollHandler getScroller() { return scroller; } public Bullet getBullet() { return bullet; } } is there anyway so make the sprite work?

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  • Are there any Java based libraries that provide game mapping features?

    - by James.Elsey
    Hi All, I'm working on a Java web based game in my spare time (springMVC / JSPs etc), and I'm wondering what are my options for dealing with the "game world" or mapping element. My game will be 2d / text based, so I have no need for any OpenGL / Flash etc. My initial idea was to use Google maps and provide a custom overlay, but I want to know if there are any alternatives? For example, if I create a 2d map with all my zones, are there any libraries that will help me plot players, work out distances and so forth? Regards

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  • Wheel Joint Implementation in AndEngine

    - by Siddharth
    I am currently developing car game in AndEngine. In which I was using revolute joint for car wheel and chassis attachment. But my friend suggest me that use wheel joint for that purpose for better behavior of the car. In AndEnginen I didn't found the wheel joint implementation. So what I have to do for wheel joint implementation. I think I have to manually update the box2d library for this purpose but I don't know how many things get updated. Please suggest me some guidance on achieving better car behavior in AndEngine.

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  • Initial direction of intersection between two moving vehicles?

    - by Larolaro
    I'm working with a bit of projectile prediction for my AI and I'm looking for some ideas, any input? If a blue vehicle is moving in a direction at a constant speed of X m/s and a stationary orange vehicle has a rocket that travels Y m/s, which initial direction would the orange vehicle have to fire the rocket for it to hit the blue vehicle at the earliest time in the future? Thanks for reading!

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  • Why do I get an exception when playing multiple sound instances?

    - by Boreal
    Right now, I'm adding a rudimentary sound engine to my game. So far, I am able to load in a WAV file and play it once, then free up the memory when I close the game. However, the game crashes with a nice ArgumentOutOfBoundsException when I try to play another sound instance. Specified argument was out of the range of valid values. Parameter name: readLength I'm following this tutorial pretty much exactly, but I still keep getting the aforementioned error. Here's my sound-related code. /// <summary> /// Manages all sound instances. /// </summary> public static class Audio { static XAudio2 device; static MasteringVoice master; static List<SoundInstance> instances; /// <summary> /// The XAudio2 device. /// </summary> internal static XAudio2 Device { get { return device; } } /// <summary> /// Initializes the audio device and master track. /// </summary> internal static void Initialize() { device = new XAudio2(); master = new MasteringVoice(device); instances = new List<SoundInstance>(); } /// <summary> /// Releases all XA2 resources. /// </summary> internal static void Shutdown() { foreach(SoundInstance i in instances) i.Dispose(); master.Dispose(); device.Dispose(); } /// <summary> /// Registers a sound instance with the system. /// </summary> /// <param name="instance">Sound instance</param> internal static void AddInstance(SoundInstance instance) { instances.Add(instance); } /// <summary> /// Disposes any sound instance that has stopped playing. /// </summary> internal static void Update() { List<SoundInstance> temp = new List<SoundInstance>(instances); foreach(SoundInstance i in temp) if(!i.Playing) { i.Dispose(); instances.Remove(i); } } } /// <summary> /// Loads sounds from various files. /// </summary> internal class SoundLoader { /// <summary> /// Loads a .wav sound file. /// </summary> /// <param name="format">The decoded format will be sent here</param> /// <param name="buffer">The data will be sent here</param> /// <param name="soundName">The path to the WAV file</param> internal static void LoadWAV(out WaveFormat format, out AudioBuffer buffer, string soundName) { WaveStream wave = new WaveStream(soundName); format = wave.Format; buffer = new AudioBuffer(); buffer.AudioData = wave; buffer.AudioBytes = (int)wave.Length; buffer.Flags = BufferFlags.EndOfStream; } } /// <summary> /// Manages the data for a single sound. /// </summary> public class Sound : IAsset { WaveFormat format; AudioBuffer buffer; /// <summary> /// Loads a sound from a file. /// </summary> /// <param name="soundName">The path to the sound file</param> /// <returns>Whether the sound loaded successfully</returns> public bool Load(string soundName) { if(soundName.EndsWith(".wav")) SoundLoader.LoadWAV(out format, out buffer, soundName); else return false; return true; } /// <summary> /// Plays the sound. /// </summary> public void Play() { Audio.AddInstance(new SoundInstance(format, buffer)); } /// <summary> /// Unloads the sound from memory. /// </summary> public void Unload() { buffer.Dispose(); } } /// <summary> /// Manages a single sound instance. /// </summary> public class SoundInstance { SourceVoice source; bool playing; /// <summary> /// Whether the sound is currently playing. /// </summary> public bool Playing { get { return playing; } } /// <summary> /// Starts a new instance of a sound. /// </summary> /// <param name="format">Format of the sound</param> /// <param name="buffer">Buffer holding sound data</param> internal SoundInstance(WaveFormat format, AudioBuffer buffer) { source = new SourceVoice(Audio.Device, format); source.BufferEnd += (s, e) => playing = false; source.Start(); source.SubmitSourceBuffer(buffer); // THIS IS WHERE THE EXCEPTION IS THROWN playing = true; } /// <summary> /// Releases memory used by the instance. /// </summary> internal void Dispose() { source.Dispose(); } } The exception occurs on line 156 when I am playing the sound: source.SubmitSourceBuffer(buffer);

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  • Projected trajectory of a vehicle?

    - by mac
    In the game I am developing, I have to calculate if my vehicle (1) which in the example is travelling north with a speed V, can reach its target (2). The example depict the problem from atop: There are actually two possible scenarios: V is constant (resulting in trajectory 4, an arc of a circle) or the vehicle has the capacity to accelerate/decelerate (trajectory 3, an arc of a spiral). I would like to know if there is a straightforward way to verify if the vehicle is able to reach its target (as opposed to overshooting it). I'm particularly interested in trajectory #3, as I the only thing I could think of is integrating the position of the vehicle over time. EDIT: of course the vehicle has always the capacity to steer, but the steer radius vary with its speed (think to a maximum lateral g-force). EDIT2: also notice that (as most of the vehicles in real life) there is a minimum steering radius for the in-game ones too).

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  • What algorithms can I use for bullet movement toward the enemy?

    - by theateist
    I develop 2D strategy game(probably for Android). There are weapons that shooting on enemies. From what I've read in this, this, this and this post I think that I need Linear algebra, but I don't really understand what algorithm I should use so the bullet will go to the target? Do I nee pathfinder, why? Can you please suggest what algorithms and/or books I can use for bullet movement toward the enemy?

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  • ssao implementation

    - by Irbis
    I try to implement a ssao based on this tutorial: link I use a deferred rendering and world coordinates for shading calculations. When saving gbuffer a vertex shader output looks like this: worldPosition = vec3(ModelMatrix * vec4(inPosition, 1.0)); normal = normalize(normalModelMatrix * inNormal); gl_Position = ProjectionMatrix * ViewMatrix * ModelMatrix * vec4(inPosition, 1.0); Next for a ssao calculations I render a scene as a full screen quad and I save an occlusion parameter in a texture. (Vertex positions in the world space: link Normals in the world space: link) SSAO implementation: subroutine (RenderPassType) void ssao() { vec2 texCoord = CalcTexCoord(); vec3 worldPos = texture(texture0, texCoord).xyz; vec3 normal = normalize(texture(texture1, texCoord).xyz); vec2 noiseScale = vec2(screenSize.x / 4, screenSize.y / 4); vec3 rvec = texture(texture2, texCoord * noiseScale).xyz; vec3 tangent = normalize(rvec - normal * dot(rvec, normal)); vec3 bitangent = cross(normal, tangent); mat3 tbn = mat3(tangent, bitangent, normal); float occlusion = 0.0; float radius = 4.0; for (int i = 0; i < kernelSize; ++i) { vec3 pix = tbn * kernel[i]; pix = pix * radius + worldPos; vec4 offset = vec4(pix, 1.0); offset = ProjectionMatrix * ViewMatrix * offset; offset.xy /= offset.w; offset.xy = offset.xy * 0.5 + 0.5; float sample_depth = texture(texture0, offset.xy).z; float range_check = abs(worldPos.z - sample_depth) < radius ? 1.0 : 0.0; occlusion += (sample_depth <= pix.z ? 1.0 : 0.0); } outputColor = vec4(occlusion, occlusion, occlusion, 1); } That code gives following results: camera looking towards -z world space: link camera looking towards +z world space: link I wonder if it is possible to use world coordinates in the above code ? When I move camera I get different results because world space positions don't change. Can I treat worldPos.z as a linear depth ? What should I change to get a correct results ? I except the white areas in place of occlusion, so the ground should has the white areas only near to the object.

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  • Multiplayer online game engine/pipeline

    - by Slav
    I am implementing online multiplayer game where client must be written in AS3 (Flash) to embed game into browser and server in C++ (abstract part of which is already written and used with other games). Networking models may differ from each other, but currently I'm looking toward game's logic run on both client and server parts but they're written on different languages while it's not the main problem. My previous game (pretty big one - was implemented with efforts of ~5 programmers in 1.5 years) was mainly "written" within electronic tables as structured objects with implemented inheritance: was written standalone tool which generated AS3 and C++ (languages of platforms to which the game was published) using specified electronic tables file (.xls or .ods). That file contained ~50 tables with ~50 rows and ~50 columns each and was mainly written by game designers which do not know any programming languages. But that game was single-player. Having declared problem with my currently implementing MMO, I'm looking toward some vast pipeline, where will be resolved such problems like: game objects descriptions (which starships exist within game, how much HP they have, how fast move, what damage deal...) actions descriptions (what players or NPCs can do: attack each other, collect resources, build structures, move, teleport, cast spells) - actions are transmitted through server between clients influences (what happens when specified action applied on specified object, e.i "Ship A attacked Ship B: field "HP" of Ship B reduced by amount of field "damage" of Ship A" Influences can be much more difficult, yes, e.i. "damage is twice it's size when Ship has =5 allies around him in a 200 units range during night" and so on. If to be able to write such logic within some "design document" it will be easily possible to: let designers to do their job without programmer's intervention or any bug-prone programming validate described logic transfer (transform, convert) to any programming language where it will be executed Did somebody worked on something like that? Is there some tools/engines/pipelines which concernes with it? How to handle all of this problems simultaneously in a best way or do I properly imagine my tasks and problems to myself?

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  • Help with Strategy-game AI

    - by f20k
    Hi, I am developing a strategy-game AI (think: Final Fantasy Tactics), and I am having trouble coming up for the design of the AI. My main problem is determining which is the optimal thing for it to do. First let me describe the priority of what action I would like the AI to take: Kill nearest player unit Fulfill primary directive (kill all player units, kill target unit, survive for x turns) Heal ally unit / cast buffer Now the AI can do the following in its turn: Move - {Attack / Ability / Item} (either attack or ability or item) {Attack / Ability / Item} - Move Move closer (if targets not in range) {Attack / Ability / Item} (if move not available) Notes Abilities have various ranges / effects / costs / effects. Each ai unit has maybe 5-10 abilities to choose from. The AI will prioritize killing over safety unless its directive is to survive for x turns. It also doesn't care about ability cost much. While a player may want to save a big spell for later, the AI will most likely use it asap. Movement is on a (hex) grid num of player units: 3-6 num of ai units: 3-7 or more. Probably max 10. AI and player take turns controlling ONE unit, instead of all at the same time. Platform is Android (if program doesnt respond after some time, there will be a popup saying to Force Quit or Wait - which looks really bad!). Now comes the questions: The best ability to use would obviously be the one that hits the most targets for the most damage. But since each ability has different ranges, I won't know if they are in range without exploring each possible place I can move to. One solution would be to go through each possible places to move to, determine the optimal attack at that location - which gives me a list of optimal moves for each location. Then choose the optimal out of the list and execute it. But this will take a lot of CPU time. Is there a better solution? My current idea is to move as close as possible towards the closest, largest group of people, and determine the optimal attack/ability from there. I think this would be a lot less work for the CPU and still allow for wide-range attacks. Its sub-optimal but the AI will still seem 'smart'. Other notes/questions: Am I over-thinking/over-complicating it? Better solution? I am open to all sorts of suggestions I have taken a look at the spell-casting question, but it doesn't take into account the movement - so perhaps use that algo for each possible move location? The top answer mentioned it wasn't great for area-of-effect and group fights - so maybe requires more tweaking? Please, if you mention a graph/tree, let me know basically how to use it. E.g. Node means ability, level corresponds to damage, then search for the deepest node.

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