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• Should components have sub-components in a component-based system like Artemis?

  - by Daniel Ingraham

  I am designing a game using Artemis, although this is more of philosophical question about component-based design in general. Let's say I have non-primitive data which applies to a given component (a Component "animal" may have qualities such as "teeth" or "diet"). There are three ways to approach this in data-driven design, as I see it: 1) Generate classes for these qualities using "traditional" OOP. I imagine this has negative implications for performance, as systems then must be made aware of these qualities in order to process them. It also seems counter to the overall philosophy of data-driven design. 2) Include these qualities as sub-components. This seems off, in that we are now confusing the role of components with that of entities. Moreover out of the box Artemis isn't capable of mapping these subcomponents onto their parent components. 3) Add "teeth", "diet", etc. as components to the overall entity alongside "animal". While this feels odd hierarchically, it may simply be a peculiarity of component-based systems. I suspect 3 is the correct way to think about things, but I was curious about other ideas.

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• Bejeweled-like game, managing different gem/powerup behaviors?

  - by Wissam

  I thought I'd ask a question and look forward to some insight from this very compelling community. In a Bejeweled-like (Match 3) game, the standard behavior once a valid swap of two adjacent tiles is made is that the resulting matching tiles are destroyed, any tiles now sitting over empty spaces fall to the position above the next present-tile, and any void created above is filled with new tiles. In richer Match-3 games like Bejeweled, 4 in a row (as opposed to just 3) modifies this behavior such that the tile that was swapped is retained, turned into a "flaming" gem, it falls, and then the empty space above is filled. The next time that "flaming gem" is played it explodes and destroys the 8 perimeter tiles, triggers a different animation sequence (neighbors of those 8 tiles being destroyed look like they've been hit by a shockwave then they fall to their respective positions). Scoring is different, the triggered sounds are different, etc. There are even more elaborate behaviors for Match5, Match-cross-pattern, and many powerups that can be purchased, each which produces a more elaborate sequence of events, sounds, animations, scoring, etc... What is the best approach to developing all these different behaviors that respond to players' "move" and her current "performance" and that deviate from the standard sequence of events, scoring, animation, sounds etc, in such a way that we can always flexibly introduce a new "powerup" ? What we are doing now is hard-coding the events of each one, but the task is long and arduous and seems like the wrong approach especially since the game-designers and testers often offer (later) valuable insight on what works better in-game, which means that the code itself may have to be re-written even for minor changes in behavior (say, destroy only 7 neighboring tiles, instead of all 8 in an explosion). ANY pointers for good practices here would be highly appreciated.

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• Lag compensation of projectile shooting game

  - by Denis Ermolin

  I'm thinking about an algorithm for firing projectiles with lag compensation. Now I did find only one descent solution: Player hits fire button. Client sends input "fire". Client waits for server response. Server generates bullet then sends response to client. Client recieves response and finally fires projectile. Is this solution only "trueway"? I find it the only one that can be fair to all of the clients. Valve in this case, doesn't compensate lag from rocket shots. I am feeling that I will not compensate it, too. I think that with today's bandwidth I can close my eyes on this problem, because I don't see any solutions with fair logic. What do you think?

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• Understanding Unity3d physics: where is the force applied?

  - by Heisenbug

  I'm trying to understand which is the right way to apply forces to a RigidBody. I noticed that there are AddForce and AddRelativeForce methods, one applied in world space coordinate system meanwhile the other in the local space. The thing that I do not understand is the following: usually in physics library (es. Bullet) we can specify the force vector and also the force application point. How can I do this in Unity? Is it possible to apply a force vector in a specific point relative to the given RigidBody coordinate system? Where does AddForce apply the force?

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• Implementing invisible bones

  - by DeadMG

  I suddenly have the feeling that I have absolutely no idea how to implement invisible objects/bones. Right now, I use hardware instancing to store the world matrix of every bone in a vertex buffer, and then send them all to the pipeline. But when dealing with frustrum culling, or having them set to invisible by my simulation for other reasons, means that some of them will be randomly invisible. Does this mean I effectively need to re-fill the buffer from scratch every frame with only the visible unit's matrices? This seems to me like it would involve a lot of wasted bandwidth.

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• DX10 sprite and pixel shader

  - by Alex Farber

  I am using ID3DX10Sprite to draw 2D image on the screen. 3D scene contains only one textured sprite placed over the whole window area. Render method looks like this: m_pDevice-ClearRenderTargetView(...); m_pSprite-Begin(D3DX10_SPRITE_SORT_TEXTURE); m_pSprite-DrawSpritesImmediate(&m_SpriteDefinition, 1, 0, 0); m_pSprite-End(); Now I want to make some transformations with the sprite texture in a shader. Currently the program doesn't work with shader. How it is possible to add pixel shader to the program with this structure? Inside the shader, I need to set all colors equal to red, and multiply pixel values by some coefficient. Something like this: float4 TexturePixelShader(PixelInputType input) : SV_Target { float4 textureColor; textureColor = shaderTexture.Sample(SampleType, input.tex); textureColor.x = textureColor.x * coefficient; textureColor.y = textureColor.x; textureColor.z = textureColor.x; return textureColor; }

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• Can't detect collision properly using Rectangle.Intersects()

  - by Daniel Ribeiro

  I'm using a single sprite sheet image as the main texture for my breakout game. The image is this: My code is a little confusing, since I'm creating two elements from the same Texture using a Point, to represent the element size and its position on the sheet, a Vector, to represent its position on the viewport and a Rectangle that represents the element itself. Texture2D sheet; Point paddleSize = new Point(112, 24); Point paddleSheetPosition = new Point(0, 240); Vector2 paddleViewportPosition; Rectangle paddleRectangle; Point ballSize = new Point(24, 24); Point ballSheetPosition = new Point(160, 240); Vector2 ballViewportPosition; Rectangle ballRectangle; Vector2 ballVelocity; My initialization is a little confusing as well, but it works as expected: paddleViewportPosition = new Vector2((GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Bounds.Width - paddleSize.X) / 2, GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Bounds.Height - (paddleSize.Y * 2)); paddleRectangle = new Rectangle(paddleSheetPosition.X, paddleSheetPosition.Y, paddleSize.X, paddleSize.Y); Random random = new Random(); ballViewportPosition = new Vector2(random.Next(GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Bounds.Width), random.Next(GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Bounds.Top, GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Bounds.Height / 2)); ballRectangle = new Rectangle(ballSheetPosition.X, ballSheetPosition.Y, ballSize.X, ballSize.Y); ballVelocity = new Vector2(3f, 3f); The problem is I can't detect the collision properly, using this code: if(ballRectangle.Intersects(paddleRectangle)) { ballVelocity.Y = -ballVelocity.Y; } What am I doing wrong?

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• Design leaderboard ratings for quiz games

  - by PeterK

  Back in March 2011 i started the following post: How to design a leaderboard? Now my quiz game have been out for approximately a year and sold pretty decently. I am working on to update the game design and is again looking into the leaderboard design to make it better as i am not happy with it. Currently i rate players on number of correct answers, which is not good as it does not consider things like number of games, difficulty levels etc. I also have "extended" stats behind the UITableView (Leaderboard). A player can play based on three levels of difficulty: hard, medium or easy Difficulty levels can be mixed between players in a game Each game can be one to six players, so there can be single games or duels Between 2 and 30 questions per game As i am considering integrating Game Center Leaderboard i need to design a better rating system so i would like to ask for some ideas how to do the rating based on the above. I am thinking about how much a point would be worth and what it includes.

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• Isometric smooth fog

  - by marcg11

  I'm working on a simple 2d game with direct3d 9. It's a isometric game with diamond tiles and a staggered map. This is what I have: As you se I have some king of fog which is acomplished by having a fog matrix which is true (clear terrain) or false (obscure terran). But the result is very chunky. The fog moves as the player moves by tiles but not by pixels. Basically I check for every tile if there is fog, if so I just change the color of that tile: if(scene->fog[i+mapx][j+mapy] == FOG_NONE) { tile_color = 0x666666FF; } I also would like the fog to be smoother, for that I followed this "tutorial" but I haven't managed to work it it out. http://www.appsizematters.com/2010/07/how-to-implement-a-fog-of-war-part-2-smooth/

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• Determining relative velocities on impact?

  - by meds

  I'm trying to figure out a way to determine the relative velocity of a body colliding with another in a 2D environment. For example if one body is moving at (1,0) and another traveling behind it collides with it from behind at (2,0) the velocity of the impact relative to the first body was (1,0). I need a method which takes in two velocities, one velocity belonging to the body the velocity is being measured against, and the other for the impacting body and return the relative velocity.

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• How do I plot individual pixels using the XNA APIs?

  - by izb

  If I wanted to fill my game screen with individually coloured pixels, how would I do this? For example, if I wanted to write a 'game of life'-type game where each pixel was a cell, how would I achieve this using XNA? I've tried just calling SetData() on a Texture2D object using a screen-sized array of Color values, but it complains with: You may not call SetData on a resource while it is actively set on the GraphicsDevice. Unset it from the device before calling SetData. How do I do as it asks? Or better still... is there an alternative, better, efficient way to fill a screen with arbitrary pixels?

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• Collision planes confusion

  - by Jeffrey

  I'm following this tutorial by thecplusplusguy and in the linked video he explain that for example for the world basement and walls we need to create the actual rendered (shown to the player) walls and then duplicate them, place them in the same coordinates as the rendered walls and call them collision (by defining their material to collision). Then it defines in the Object loader function that those objects with material == collision are collision planes and should not be rendered but just used to check collision. Now I'm pretty confused. Why would we add this kind of complexity to a problem that can easily be solved by a simple loadObject(string plane_object, bool check_collision);: Creating only the walls object (by loading .obj file in plane_object) Define them also as collision planes whenever the check_collision is set to true In this case we have lowered the complexity of his method and make it more flexible and faster to develop (faster because we don't always have to make a copy for each plane and flexible because we don't hardcode the Object loader). The only case in which this method could not work is when we need hidden collision planes, and for that we could modify the loadObject() function like this: loadObject(string plane_object, bool check_collision = true, bool hide_object = false); Creating only the walls object (by loading .obj file in plane_object) Define them also as collision planes whenever the check_collision is set to true And add the ability to actually show the object or hide it based on hide_object. The final question is: am I right? What would the possible problem encountered with my solution versus his?

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• How to detect whether an Object came to sleep at a specific position?

  - by Nils Riedemann

  I'm currently writing a small game with box2dweb and I need some direction for this: I'm throwing a Box and have to hit a specific place and trigger an event when the object that's been thrown isn't moving anymore, "fell asleep" so to say. What's the proper way / best practice for this? I'm currently thinking of asking the b2World whether an Object is within a specific AABB and then wait a few seconds, check if it's still there and then trigger the event. But this seems to me like the roundabout way and the object might still be moving inside of that AABB and eventually even drop out of the AABB.

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• HLSL: An array of textures and sampler states

  - by nate142

  The shader must switch between multiple textures depending on the Alpha value of the original texture for each pixel. Now this would word fine if I didn't have to worry about SamplerStates. I have created my array of textures and can select a texture based on the Alpha value of the pixel. But how do I create an Array of SamplerStates and link it to my array of textures? I attempted to treat the SamplerState as a function by adding the (int i) but that didn't work. Also I can't use Texture.Sample since this is shader model 2.0. //shader model 2.0 (DX9) texture subTextures[255]; SamplerState MeshTextureSampler(int i) { Texture = (subTextures[i]); }; float4 SampleCompoundTexture(float2 texCoord, float4 diffuse) { float4 SelectedColor = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(Texture, texCoord); int i = SelectedColor.a; texture SelectedTx = subTextures[i]; return tex2D(MeshTextureSampler(i), texCoord) * diffuse; }

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• openGL managing images, VBOs and shaders

  - by roxlu

  I'm working on a game where I use shaders with vertex attributes (so not immediate mode). I'm drawing lots of images and changing the width/height of the quads I use to draw them a lot. To optimize this it's probably a good idea to have one buffer but then one needs to update the complete buffer when one image changes (or only a part of the buffer using glBufferSubData...) I was just wondering what kind of strategies you guys are using?

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• Rendering output to arbitary quadrilateral

  - by Trainee4Life

  I want to render output on a device to an arbitary quadirlateral, i.e. project texture on to a quad. What are the possible ways I could implement it? Till now, I have investigated: Drawing textured quadrilateral - Quads look odd as they are composed of triangles, and the distortion looks odd. The issue I'm facing has been discussed here and here as well. Setting transformation on device - Need help in getting this implemented. Pixel shaders - Not able to implement the desired effect. Any help would be much appreciated.

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• Cocos2d v2.0 and OpenGL 2.0/1.0: where to start

  - by mm24

  I started developing my very first game 3 months ago using Cocos2d 2.0 for iPhone. I am now in the stage where I'd like to add some cool effects to the bullets and some special weapons (see my waveforms question here). I got a good answer in the cocos2d-iphone forum (see this one). Unfortunately I am a bit paralized now. I don't know if I will be overdoing by learning OpengGL 2.0 or if I should just stick ot the old 1.0. There is a good intro on various tutorial's written in Steffen Itterheims blog (see this post). I would like to add to my game: a blur effect to the bullets (here is a tutorial for OpenGL 1.0) a waveform (see above) some realistic water ripples (here is a nice sample code) So now, given that I don't want to overdo things but at the same time I want to achieve those effects, from where should I start? Should I discard the OpenGL 1.0 tutorials? OR should I use only OpenGL 1.0 code? How can I avoid confusion? I mean, it seems that the compiler recognizes both, but that there are some conflictual calls in some circumnstances, I am fairly sure this has some explanation, is there some reference to this somewhere?

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• How to handle loading and keeping many bitmaps in an Android 2D game

  - by Lumis

  In an Android 2D game which is using SurfaceView where its onDraw is driven by a loop from a Thread, I use many bitmap sprites (sprite sheets) and two background size bitmaps, which are all loaded into memory at the start. It all works fine, however, when the activity is onPause or after reloading it few times, Android shows a tendency to wipe out the big bitmaps only, probably to free memory. Sometimes this happens even in the middle of loading this very activity. In order to counter this, I made a check in the onDraw method to test if the big bitmaps are still there and reload them if they are forcefully recycled by Android, before drawing them on Canvas. This solution may not be the most stable, and since I know that there are much more accomplished android game programmers here than myself, I hope you can reveal some tricks or secrets or at least provide some good hints, how to overcome this.

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• Application toolkits like QT versus traditional game/multimedia libraries like SFML

  - by Aaron

  I currently intend to use SFML for my next game project. I'll need a substantial GUI though (RPG/strategy-type) so I'll either have to implement my own or try to find an appropriate third party library, which seem to boil down to CEGUI, libRocket, and GWEN. At the same time, I do not anticipate doing that many advanced graphical effects. My game will be 2D and primarily sprite-based with some sprite animations. I've recently discovered that QT applications can have their appearance styled so that they don't have to look like plain OS apps. Given that, I am beginning to consider QT a valid alternative to SFML. I wouldn't have to implement the GUI functionality I'd need, and I may not be taking advantage of SFML's lower-level access anyway. The only drawbacks I can think of immediately are the learning curve for QT and figuring out how to fit game logic inside such a framework after getting used to the input/update/render loop of traditional game libraries. When would an application toolkit like QT be more appropriate for a game than a traditional game or multimedia library like SFML?

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• Rendering scaled-down card images

  - by user1065145

  I have high-quality SVG card images, but they drastically lose their quality when I downsize them. I have tried two ways of rendering cards (using Inkscape and Imagemagics): 1) Render SVG to high-res PNG and resize it then: inkscape -D --export-png=QS1024.png --export-width=1024 QS.svg convert QS1024.png -filter Lanczos -sampling-factor 1x1 -resize 71x QS71.png 2) Render SVG to image of proper size at once: inkscape -D --export-png=QS71.png --export-width=71 QS.svg Both approaches generate blurry card images, which looks even worse than old Windows cards. What are the best way to generate smaller card images from SVG sources and not to loose their quality a lot? UPDATE: I am using Inkscape to render SVG - PNG and ImageMagick then to downsize PNG. I've tried using convert -resize with couple of filters (Lanczos/Mitchell/etc), but result was pretty much the same. Original: 71x raster:

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• Algorithms for rainfall + river creation in procedurally generated terrain

  - by Peck

  I've recently become fascinated by the things that can be done with procedurally terrain and have started experimenting with world building a bit. I'd like to be able to make worlds something like Dwarf fortress with biomes created from meshing together various maps. So first step has been done. Using the diamond-square algorithm I've created some nice hieghtmaps. Next step is I would like to add some water features and have them somewhat realistically generated with rainfall. I've read about a few different approaches such as starting at the high points of the map, and "stepping" down to the lowest neighboring point, pooling/eroding as it works its way down to sea level. Are there any documented algorithms with this or are they more off the cuff? Would love any advice/thoughts.

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• Square game map rendered as sphere with OpenGL

  - by Roflha

  Okay so I have been trying to find a good way to do this for a while now and so far I have nothing. For a hobby project of mine I have created a finite voxel world (similar to minecraft), but as I said, mine is finite. When you reach the edge of it, you are sent to the other side. That is all working fine along with rendering the far side of the map, but I want to be able to render this grid as a sphere. Looking down from above, the world is a square. I basically want to be able to represent a portion of that square as a sphere, as if you were looking at a planet. Right now I am experimenting with taking a circular section of the map, and rendering that, but it look to flat (no curvature around the edges). My question then, is what would be the best way to add some curvature to the edges of a 2d circle to make it look like a hemisphere. However, I am not overly attached to this implementation so if somebody has some other idea for representing the square as a planet, I am all ears.

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• Tools for game script / storyboard

  - by Pietro Polsinelli

  I am searching for a tool that will help in writing a game script. By "script" I mean the text core of a storyboard - without the drawing drafts, which may or may not be there (yet). What I'm thinking of will let write a piece of text of the script, define a simplified workflow from that step, and then define the text of next steps, and so on. Searching online, I found Inform http://inform7.com/ ("A Design System for Interactive Fiction Based on Natural Language") which in theory is exactly what I am searching for, but trying to use it it has this model of a space (a dungeon, a library) where you are picking up objects and exploring them. In my case I am designing more a Sims like game, the flow is entirely different. Considering non specific software, mind mapping tools miss the linearity of the process. What I am writing is a directed graph - simply a work-flow, but the way I want to design it is more text based than work-flow based. SO what I'm doing now is using a text editor, which I'll transform directly in code. Any suggestions?

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• My image is not showing in java, using ImageIcon

  - by user1048606

  I'd like to know why my images are now showing up when I use ImageIcon and when I have specified the directory the image is in. All I get is a black blank screen with nothing else on it. import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; import javax.swing.ImageIcon; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; import java.util.ArrayList; import javax.swing.ImageIcon; // Class for handling key input public class Craft { private int dx; private int dy; private int x; private int y; private Image image; private Image image2; private ArrayList missiles; private final int CRAFT_SIZE = 20; private String craft = "C:\\Users\\Jimmy\\Desktop\\Jimmy's Folder\\programs\\craft.png"; public Craft() { ImageIcon ii = new ImageIcon(craft); image2 = ii.getImage(); missiles = new ArrayList(); x = 40; y = 60; } public void move() { x += dx; y += dy; } public int getX() { return x; } public int getY() { return y; } public Image getImage() { return image; } public ArrayList getMissiles() { return missiles; } public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) { int key = e.getKeyCode(); // Shooting key if (key == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE) { fire(); } if (key == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) { dx = -1; } if (key == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) { dx = 1; } if (key == KeyEvent.VK_UP) { dy = -1; } if (key == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) { dy = 1; } } // Handles the missile object firing out of the ship public void fire() { missiles.add(new Missile(x + CRAFT_SIZE, y + CRAFT_SIZE/2)); } public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) { int key = e.getKeyCode(); if (key == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) { dx = 0; } if (key == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) { dx = 0; } if (key == KeyEvent.VK_UP) { dy = 0; } if (key == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) { dy = 0; } } }

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• Creating Gun objects with upgrades?

  - by zardon

  I have a series of guns in my game. I use the Gun class/object like this: (Just an example) @interface Gun : NSObject { NSString *name; // Six-shooter NSNumber *cost; NSNumber *clipPrice; // ie: 700 NSNumber *clipCapacity; // 6 NSNumber *ammoCapacity; // 6 NSNumber *damage; // 0-10 NSNumber *accuracy; // 0-10 NSNumber *fireRate; // 0-10 NSNumber *range; // 0-10 // Not sure if I have all the stats, but this is fine for now } Lets say I want to have 3 upgrades per gun. My problem is I am not sure how to do this. Examples: increase fire-rate increase range increase accuracy silencer double ammo capacity (ie: Drum) double clip capacity (ie: Taped magazine) Thus my question is, I'd like to implement an upgrade system to guns but I am not sure how to do it. Would there be an Upgrade object which is a child to the Gun class, or would it be seperate class altogether. Thanks for your time.

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