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• How can I link to callback functions in Lua such that the callbacks will be updated when the scripts are reloaded?

  - by Raptormeat

  I'm implementing Lua scripting in my game using LuaBind, and one of the things I'm not clear on is the logistics of reloading the scripts live ingame. Currently, using the LuaBind C++ class luabind::object, I save references to Lua callbacks directly in the classes that use them. Then I can use luabind::call_function using that object in order to call the Lua code from the C++ code. I haven't tested this yet, but my assumption is that if I reload the scripts, then all the functions will be redefined, BUT the references to the OLD functions will still exist in the form of the luabind::object held by the C++ code. I would like to be able to swap out the old for the new without manually having to manage this for every script hook in the game. How best to change this so the process works? My first thought is to not save a reference to the function directly, but maybe save the function name instead, and grab the function by name every time we want to call it. I'm looking for better ideas!

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• Handling cameras in a large scale game engine

  - by Hannesh

  What is the correct, or most elegant, way to manage cameras in large game engines? Or should I ask, how does everybody else do it? The methods I can think of are: Binding cameras straight to the engine; if someone needs to render something, they bind their own camera to the graphics engine which is in use until another camera is bound. A camera stack; a small task can push its own camera onto the stack, and pop it off at the end to return to the "main" camera. Attaching a camera to a shader; Every shader has exactly one camera bound to it, and when the shader is used, that camera is set by the engine when the shader is in use. This allows me to implement a bunch of optimizations on the engine side. Are there other ways to do it?

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• How to alter image pixels of a wild life bird?

  - by NoobScratcher

  Hello so I was hoping someone knew how to move or change color and position actual image pixels and could explain and show the code to do so. I know how to write pixels on a surface or screen-surface usigned int *ptr = static_cast <unsigned int *> (screen-pixels); int offset = y * (screen->pitch / sizeof(unsigned int)); ptr[offset + x] = color; But I don't know how to alter or manipulate a image pixel of a png image my thoughts on this was How do I get the values and locations of pixels and what do I have to write to make it happen? Then how do I actually change the values or locations of those gotten pixels and how do I make that happen? any ideas tip suggestions are also welcome! int main(int argc , char *argv[]) { SDL_Surface *Screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(640,480,32,SDL_SWSURFACE); SDL_Surface *Image; Image = IMG_Load("image.png"); bool done = false; SDL_Event event; while(!done) { SDL_FillRect(Screen,NULL,(0,0,0)); SDL_BlitSurface(Image,NULL,Screen,NULL); while(SDL_PollEvent(&event)) { switch(event.type) { case SDL_QUIT: return 0; break; } } SDL_Flip(Screen); } return 0; }

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• How to deal with animated doors in isometric tiles

  - by George Profenza

  I've got a tricky issue I'm not sure how to tackle best: I have an animated tile of a door. When it's closed it should be sorted one way, but when it's openend it will need to be sorted a different way, as it belonging to a different(neighbouring tile). Here's the door closed: and the door opened: I imagine it would be possible to override the sorting system for such tiles and adjust the sorting based on the frame, but it feels a bit hacky. Has anyone encountered a similar scenario ? Any elegant solutions ?

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• Projected trajectory of a vehicle?

  - by mac

  In the game I am developing, I have to calculate if my vehicle (1) which in the example is travelling north with a speed V, can reach its target (2). The example depict the problem from atop: There are actually two possible scenarios: V is constant (resulting in trajectory 4, an arc of a circle) or the vehicle has the capacity to accelerate/decelerate (trajectory 3, an arc of a spiral). I would like to know if there is a straightforward way to verify if the vehicle is able to reach its target (as opposed to overshooting it). I'm particularly interested in trajectory #3, as I the only thing I could think of is integrating the position of the vehicle over time. EDIT: of course the vehicle has always the capacity to steer, but the steer radius vary with its speed (think to a maximum lateral g-force). EDIT2: also notice that (as most of the vehicles in real life) there is a minimum steering radius for the in-game ones too).

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• What algorithms can I use for bullet movement toward the enemy?

  - by theateist

  I develop 2D strategy game(probably for Android). There are weapons that shooting on enemies. From what I've read in this, this, this and this post I think that I need Linear algebra, but I don't really understand what algorithm I should use so the bullet will go to the target? Do I nee pathfinder, why? Can you please suggest what algorithms and/or books I can use for bullet movement toward the enemy?

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• Making retro games: Any good known game architectures?

  - by A.Quiroga

  I'm trying to do a remake of Snowbros . I'm doing it using libgdx but at each time i must try to thought how things got done . For example the physics of the jump and collisions . It seams to be time perfect , but i use the deltaTime to try to aproximate the value in game . I think in this case maybe its using some calcs with processor Hz , but i don't know. Then the simple question , is there any resources of how did they programm this games? Or any idea of the simple ideas repeated each game to game in the old style retro games.

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• Is it considered poor programming to do this with xna components?

  - by Rob

  I created my own Menu System that is event driven. In order to have a loading screen and multithreaded loading to work, I devised this sort of implementation: //Let's check if the game is done loading. if (_game != null) { _gameLoaded = _game.DoneLoading; } //This means the game is loading still, //therefore the loading screen should be active. if (!_gameLoaded && _gameActive) { _gameScreenList[2].UpdateMenu(); } //The loading screen was selected. if (_gameScreenList[2].CurrentState == GameScreen.State.Shown && !_gameActive) { Components.Add(_game = new ParadoxGame(this)); _game.Initialize(); //Initializes the Game so that the loading can begin. _gameActive = true; } In the XNA Game Component that contains the actual game, in the LoadContent method I simply created a new Thread that calls another method ThreadLoad that has all the actual loading. I also have a boolean variable called DoneLoading in the XNA Game Component that is set to true at the end of the ThreadLoad. I am wondering if this is a poor implementation.

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• Help with Strategy-game AI

  - by f20k

  Hi, I am developing a strategy-game AI (think: Final Fantasy Tactics), and I am having trouble coming up for the design of the AI. My main problem is determining which is the optimal thing for it to do. First let me describe the priority of what action I would like the AI to take: Kill nearest player unit Fulfill primary directive (kill all player units, kill target unit, survive for x turns) Heal ally unit / cast buffer Now the AI can do the following in its turn: Move - {Attack / Ability / Item} (either attack or ability or item) {Attack / Ability / Item} - Move Move closer (if targets not in range) {Attack / Ability / Item} (if move not available) Notes Abilities have various ranges / effects / costs / effects. Each ai unit has maybe 5-10 abilities to choose from. The AI will prioritize killing over safety unless its directive is to survive for x turns. It also doesn't care about ability cost much. While a player may want to save a big spell for later, the AI will most likely use it asap. Movement is on a (hex) grid num of player units: 3-6 num of ai units: 3-7 or more. Probably max 10. AI and player take turns controlling ONE unit, instead of all at the same time. Platform is Android (if program doesnt respond after some time, there will be a popup saying to Force Quit or Wait - which looks really bad!). Now comes the questions: The best ability to use would obviously be the one that hits the most targets for the most damage. But since each ability has different ranges, I won't know if they are in range without exploring each possible place I can move to. One solution would be to go through each possible places to move to, determine the optimal attack at that location - which gives me a list of optimal moves for each location. Then choose the optimal out of the list and execute it. But this will take a lot of CPU time. Is there a better solution? My current idea is to move as close as possible towards the closest, largest group of people, and determine the optimal attack/ability from there. I think this would be a lot less work for the CPU and still allow for wide-range attacks. Its sub-optimal but the AI will still seem 'smart'. Other notes/questions: Am I over-thinking/over-complicating it? Better solution? I am open to all sorts of suggestions I have taken a look at the spell-casting question, but it doesn't take into account the movement - so perhaps use that algo for each possible move location? The top answer mentioned it wasn't great for area-of-effect and group fights - so maybe requires more tweaking? Please, if you mention a graph/tree, let me know basically how to use it. E.g. Node means ability, level corresponds to damage, then search for the deepest node.

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• Two graphical entities, smooth blending between them (e.g. asphalt and grass)

  - by Gabriel Conrad

  Supposedly in a scenario there are, among other things, a tarmac strip and a meadow. The tarmac has an asphalt texture and its model is a triangle strip long that might bifurcate at some point into other tinier strips, and suppose that the meadow is covered with grass. What can be done to make the two graphical entities seem less cut out from a photo and just pasted one on top of the other at the edges? To better understand the problem, picture a strip of asphalt and a plane covered with grass. The grass texture should also "enter" the tarmac strip a little bit at the edges (i.e. feathering effect). My ideas involve two approaches: put two textures on the tarmac entity, but that involves a serious restriction in how the strip is modeled and its texture coordinates are mapped or try and apply a post-processing filter that mimics a bloom effect where "grass" is used instead of light. This could be a terrible failure to achieve correct results. So, is there a better or at least a more obvious way that's widely used in the game dev industry?

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• I am looking to create realistic car movement using vectors

  - by bobthemac

  I have goggled how to do this and found this http://www.helixsoft.nl/articles/circle/sincos.htm I have had a go at it but most of the functions that were showed didn't work I just got errors because they didn't exist. I have looked at the cos and sin functions but don't understand how to use them or how to get the car movement working correctly using vectors. I have no code because I am not sure what to do sorry. Any help is appreciated. EDIT: I have restrictions that I must use the TL engine for my game, I am not allowed to add any sort of physics engine. It must be programmed in c++. Here is a sample of what i got from trying to follow what was done in the link I provided. if(myEngine->KeyHeld(Key_W)) { length += carSpeedIncrement; } if(myEngine->KeyHeld(Key_S)) { length -= carSpeedIncrement; } if(myEngine->KeyHeld(Key_A)) { angle -= carSpeedIncrement; } if(myEngine->KeyHeld(Key_D)) { angle += carSpeedIncrement; } carVolocityX = cos(angle); carVolocityZ = cos(angle); car->MoveX(carVolocityX * frameTime); car->MoveZ(carVolocityZ * frameTime);

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• Square game map rendered as sphere with OpenGL

  - by Roflha

  Okay so I have been trying to find a good way to do this for a while now and so far I have nothing. For a hobby project of mine I have created a finite voxel world (similar to minecraft), but as I said, mine is finite. When you reach the edge of it, you are sent to the other side. That is all working fine along with rendering the far side of the map, but I want to be able to render this grid as a sphere. Looking down from above, the world is a square. I basically want to be able to represent a portion of that square as a sphere, as if you were looking at a planet. Right now I am experimenting with taking a circular section of the map, and rendering that, but it look to flat (no curvature around the edges). My question then, is what would be the best way to add some curvature to the edges of a 2d circle to make it look like a hemisphere. However, I am not overly attached to this implementation so if somebody has some other idea for representing the square as a planet, I am all ears.

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• Make OpenGL game perform better

  - by Csabi

  I have programmed an OpenGL game which just contains one F1 car and a track. It is very simple and only uses around of 10'000 - 20'000 triangles. It should run on any PC but it won't, it needs a really good graphics-card to run at a decent framerate. Can you write some methods or links to sites which would help me make my scene/game more efective? my game can be downloaded from here or directly from here

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• What are the parameters of APEX destructible asset / actor, and what are the effect of them?

  - by Semih Kekül

  There are parameters of the NxDestructibleAsset such as: defaultBehaviorGroup.damageToRadius destructibleParameters.fractureImpulseScale p3BodyDescTemplate.density structureSettings.useStressSolver destructibleParameters.runtimeFracture.glass.firstSegmentSize, etc. However, i can not find any document explaining these parameters. Are there any documents/videos or codes (anything) which explains these parameters?

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• How to fire a bullet in a specific direction?

  - by Mike

  I am developing an Android game. I have problem with bullet firing. It's a space ship that has to fire bullets but right now it's firing in a random direction. I have to fire a bullet to the enemy from the only one point on the nose of the ship. Right now the bullets fire sometimes from the tailpart or other. So that's a problem. How do I give a bullet direction and how to fire it from only the head of my space ship?

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• Falling CCSprites

  - by Coder404

  Im trying to make ccsprites fall from the top of the screen. Im planning to use a touch delegate to determine when they fall. How could I make CCSprites fall from the screen in a way like this: -(void)addTarget { Monster *target = nil; if ((arc4random() % 2) == 0) { target = [WeakAndFastMonster monster]; } else { target = [StrongAndSlowMonster monster]; } // Determine where to spawn the target along the Y axis CGSize winSize = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize]; int minY = target.contentSize.height/2; int maxY = winSize.height - target.contentSize.height/2; int rangeY = maxY - minY; int actualY = (arc4random() % rangeY) + minY; // Create the target slightly off-screen along the right edge, // and along a random position along the Y axis as calculated above target.position = ccp(winSize.width + (target.contentSize.width/2), actualY); [self addChild:target z:1]; // Determine speed of the target int minDuration = target.minMoveDuration; //2.0; int maxDuration = target.maxMoveDuration; //4.0; int rangeDuration = maxDuration - minDuration; int actualDuration = (arc4random() % rangeDuration) + minDuration; // Create the actions id actionMove = [CCMoveTo actionWithDuration:actualDuration position:ccp(-target.contentSize.width/2, actualY)]; id actionMoveDone = [CCCallFuncN actionWithTarget:self selector:@selector(spriteMoveFinished:)]; [target runAction:[CCSequence actions:actionMove, actionMoveDone, nil]]; // Add to targets array target.tag = 1; [_targets addObject:target]; } This code makes CCSprites move from the right side of the screen to the left. How could I change this to make the CCSprites to move from the top of the screen to the bottom?

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• Help with converting an XML into a 2D level (Actionscript 3.0)

  - by inzombiak

  I'm making a little platformer and wanted to use Ogmo to create my level. I've gotten everything to work except the level that my code generates is not the same as what I see in Ogmo. I've checked the array and it fits with the level in Ogmo, but when I loop through it with my code I get the wrong thing. I've included my code for creating the level as well as an image of what I get and what I'm supposed to get. EDIT: I tried to add it, but I couldn't get it to display properly Also, if any of you know of better level editors please let me know. xmlLoader.addEventListener(Event.COMPLETE, LoadXML); xmlLoader.load(new URLRequest("Level1.oel")); function LoadXML(e:Event):void { levelXML = new XML(e.target.data); xmlFilter = levelXML.* for each (var levelTest:XML in levelXML.*) { crack = levelTest; } levelArray = crack.split(''); trace(levelArray); count = 0; for(i = 0; i <= 23; i++) { for(j = 0; j <= 35; j++) { if(levelArray[i*36+j] == 1) { block = new Platform; s.addChild(block); block.x = j*20; block.y = i*20; count++; trace(i); trace(block.x); trace(j); trace(block.y); } } } trace(count);

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• Tiled Editor: How is this Map Handling Collision?

  - by user2736286

  BrowserQuest map in question. From what I understand, with tiled, there are two main ways to specify collision: Create an object layer, and interpret the shapes in the engine as collision objects. Create a tiled layer, and make all tiles in the layer have a collision property, and interpret all tiles in the layer as collision objects. I'm using BrowserQuest as a big source of inspiration for my project, and I want to know how they handled collision on the level editing side. I've checked through all their layers, expecting an object layer to be handling cliff collision like: But there are no such object layers to be found. Furthermore, the tile layers containing the tiles for such cliffs have no properties at all, meaning that they didn't just specify "collision" for such tile layers. I especially need to know how they handled less rectangular shapes like: I could imagine that they are not using explicit collision layers, but instead determining collision in the actual engine, based off the presence of specific tile layer sprites. Only because BrowserQuest has whole-tile movement, and it wouldn't look too odd if a small apple, taking up only a fraction of the tile size, prevents movement over that entire tile. But I'm creating a game with more precise movement, so collision has to be tight to the apple, and I really want to know how BrowserQuest approached collision defining. If anyone knowledgeable with Tiled could take a quick look at the map, I'd appreciate it! I'm tearing my hair out here :). Thanks

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• Bump mapping Problem GLSL

  - by jmfel1926

  I am having a slight problem with my Bump Mapping project. Although everything works OK (at least from what I know) there is a slight mistake somewhere and I get incorrect shading on the brick wall when the light goes to the one side or the other as seen in the picture below: The light is on the right side so the shading on the wall should be the other way. I have provided the shaders to help find the issue (I do not have much experience with shaders). Shaders: varying vec3 viewVec; varying vec3 position; varying vec3 lightvec; attribute vec3 tangent; attribute vec3 binormal; uniform vec3 lightpos; uniform mat4 cameraMat; void main() { gl_TexCoord[0] = gl_MultiTexCoord0; gl_Position = ftransform(); position = vec3(gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex); lightvec = vec3(cameraMat * vec4(lightpos,1.0)) - position ; vec3 eyeVec = vec3(gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex); viewVec = normalize(-eyeVec); } uniform sampler2D colormap; uniform sampler2D normalmap; varying vec3 viewVec; varying vec3 position; varying vec3 lightvec; vec3 vv; uniform float diffuset; uniform float specularterm; uniform float ambientterm; void main() { vv=viewVec; vec3 normals = normalize(texture2D(normalmap,gl_TexCoord[0].st).rgb * 2.0 - 1.0); normals.y = -normals.y; //normals = (normals * gl_NormalMatrix).xyz ; vec3 distance = lightvec; float dist_number =length(distance); float final_dist_number = 2.0/pow(dist_number,diffuset); vec3 light_dir=normalize(lightvec); vec3 Halfvector = normalize(light_dir+vv); float angle=max(dot(Halfvector,normals),0.0); angle= pow(angle,specularterm); vec3 specular=vec3(angle,angle,angle); float diffuseterm=max(dot(light_dir,normals),0.0); vec3 diffuse = diffuseterm * texture2D(colormap,gl_TexCoord[0].st).rgb; vec3 ambient = ambientterm *texture2D(colormap,gl_TexCoord[0].st).rgb; vec3 diffusefinal = diffuse * final_dist_number; vec3 finalcolor=diffusefinal+specular+ambient; gl_FragColor = vec4(finalcolor, 1.0); }

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• One-way platforms in UDK

  - by Jordaan Mylonas

  I'm looking to make a multi-player platforming game using UDK. I'm currently doing feasibility research, to make sure I will reasonably be able to do all of the technical things I want to do. The first major hurdle I've come across without being able to find as answer, are one-way platforms. That is to say, platforms through which a player can jump up, but not fall through (unless they choose to). These are commonly seen in games like Mario, Kirby and Smash Bros. Does anyone know how such a system would work within UDK? I can think of solutions that might work for single-player, but not multi.

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• 2D Side scroller collision detection

  - by Shanon Simmonds

  I am trying to do some collision detection between objects and tiles, but the tiles do not have there own x and y position, they are just rendered to the x and y position given, there is an array of integers which has the ids of the tiles to use(which are given from an image and all the different colors are assigned different tiles) int x0 = camera.x / 16; int y0 = camera.y / 16; int x1 = (camera.x + screen.width) / 16; int y1 = (camera.y + screen.height) / 16; for(int y = y0; y < y1; y++) { if(y < 0 || y >= height) continue; // height is the height of the level for(int x = x0; x < x1; x++) { if(x < 0 || x >= width) continue; // width is the width of the level getTile(x, y).render(screen, x * 16, y * 16); } } I tried using the levels getTile method to see if the tile that the object was going to advance to, to see if it was a certain tile, but, it seems to only work in some directions. Any ideas on what I'm doing wrong and fixes would be greatly appreciated. What's wrong is that it doesn't collide properly in every direction and also this is how I tested for a collision in the objects class if(!level.getTile((x + xa) / 16, (y + ya) / 16).isSolid()) { x += xa; y += ya; } EDIT: xa and ya represent the direction as well as the movement, if xa is negative it means the object is moving left, if its positive it is moving right, and same with ya except negative for up, positive for down.

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• How can I mark a pixel in the stencil buffer?

  - by János Turánszki

  I never used the stencil buffer for anything until now, but I want to change this. I have an idea of how it should work: the gpu discards or keeps rasterized pixels before the pixel shader based on the stencil buffer value on the given position and some stencil operation. What I don't know is how would I mark a pixel in the stencil buffer with a specific value. For example I draw my scene and want to mark everything which is drawn with a specific material (this material could be looked up from a texture so ideally I should mark the pixel in the pixel shader), so that later when I do some post processing on my scene I would only do it on the marked pixels. I didn't find anything on the internet besides how to set up a stencil buffer and explaining the different stencil operations. I was expecting to find some System-Value semantics like SV_Depth to write to in the pixel shader (because the stencil buffer shares the same resource with the depth buffer in D3D11), but there is no such thing on MSDN. So how should I do this? If I am misunderstanding something please help me clear that up.

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• Collision checking problem on a Tiled map

  - by nosferat

  I'm working on a pacman styled dungeon crawler, using the free oryx sprites. I've created the map using Tiled, separating the floor, walls and treasure in three different layers. After importing the map in libGDX, it renders fine. I also added the player character, for now it just moves into one direction, the player cannot control it yet. I wanted to add collision and I was planning to do this by checking if the player's new position is on a wall tile. Therefore as you can see in the following code snippet, I get the tile type of the appropriate tile and if it is not zero (since on that layer there is nothing except the wall tile) it is a collision and the player cannot move further: final Vector2 newPos = charController.move(warrior.getX(), warrior.getY()); if(!collided(newPos)) { warrior.setPosition(newPos.x, newPos.y); warrior.flip(charController.flipX(), charController.flipY()); } [..] private boolean collided(Vector2 newPos) { int row = (int) Math.floor((newPos.x / 32)); int col = (int) Math.floor((newPos.y / 32)); int tileType = tiledMap.layers.get(1).tiles[row][col]; if (tileType == 0) { return false; } return true; } The character only moves one tile with this code: If I reduce the col value by two it two more tiles. I think the problem will be around indexing, but I'm totally confused because the zero in the coordinate system of libGDX is in the bottom left corner of the screen, and I don't know the tiles array's indexing is similair or not. The size of the map is 19x21 tiles and looks like the following (the starting position of the player is marked with blue:

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• How can I get accurate collision resolution on the corners of rectangles?

  - by ssb

  I have a working collision system implemented, and it's based on minimum translation vectors. This works fine in most cases except when the minimum translation vector is not actually in the direction of the collision. For example: When a rectangle is on the far edge on any side of another rectangle, a force can be applied, in this example down, the pushes one rectangle into the other, particularly a static object like a wall or a floor. As in the picture, the collision is coming from above, but because it's on the very edge, it translates to the left instead of back up. I've searched for a while to find an approach but everything I can find deals with general corner collisions where my problem is only in this one limited case. Any suggestions?

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• Is there a good book or articles to learn about 2D Game Design and Effects?

  - by user28015

  I am not looking for a read how to develop games and how to implement one. I am looking for a general about possible effects in 2D Games and about general design of modern 2D gaming. I have programmed several smaller games over the years and also read books like "Golden Rules of Game Programming" by Martin Bronwlo. So I know how to implement games. What I am looking for are 2 things: Finishing touches such as effects like explosions, particles etc. Not how to make them, but how to design them so it looks right and cool. How to make a 2D game feel "more right" so that users get a satisfying gaming experience. I played a lot of 2D games but I could use some more advice.

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