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• Creating a 2D Line Branch

  - by Danran

  I'm looking into creating a 2D line branch, something for a "lightning effect". I did ask this question before on creating a "lightning effect" (mainly though referring to the process of the glow & after effects the lightning has & to whether it was a good method to use or not); Methods of Creating a "Lightning" effect in 2D However i never did get around to getting it working. So i've been trying today to get a seconded attempt going but i'm getting now-were :/. So to be clear on what i'm trying to-do, in this article posted; http://drilian.com/2009/02/25/lightning-bolts/ I'm trying to create the line segments seen in the images on the site. I'm confused mainly by this line in the pseudo code; // Offset the midpoint by a random amount along the normal. midPoint += Perpendicular(Normalize(endPoint-startPoint))*RandomFloat(-offsetAmount,offsetAmount); If someone could explain this to me it would be really grateful :).

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• Implementing invisible bones

  - by DeadMG

  I suddenly have the feeling that I have absolutely no idea how to implement invisible objects/bones. Right now, I use hardware instancing to store the world matrix of every bone in a vertex buffer, and then send them all to the pipeline. But when dealing with frustrum culling, or having them set to invisible by my simulation for other reasons, means that some of them will be randomly invisible. Does this mean I effectively need to re-fill the buffer from scratch every frame with only the visible unit's matrices? This seems to me like it would involve a lot of wasted bandwidth.

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• Debugging Minimum Translation Vector

  - by SyntheCypher

  I implemented the minimum translation vector from codezealot's tutorial on SAT (Separating Axis Theorem) but I'm having an issue I can't quite figure out. Here's the example I have: As you can see in top and bottom left images regardless of the side the of the green car which red car is penetrating the MTV for the red car still remains as a negative number also here is the same example when the front of the red car is facing the opposite direction the number will always be positive. When the red car is past the half way through the green car it should switch polarity. I thought I'd compensated for this in my code, but apparently not either that or it's a bug I can find. Here is my function for finding and returning the MTV, any help would be much appreciated: Code

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• Depth buffer values reset on change shader?

  - by bobobobo

  I have 2 different shaders, and when I change the shader (glUseProgram), it seems that the depth information is lost, because everything drawn with the 2nd shader appears completely on top of anything drawn by the first shader. If I switch the order of shader use/drawing, then it's the same (the last drawn object always appears on top of the first drawn object if there is a shader change between the 2 objects, even if the last drawn object is further away)

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• Rotating a child shape relative to its parent's orientation

  - by user1423893

  When rotating a shape using a quaternion value I also wish rotate its child shape. The parent and child shapes both start with different orientations but their relative orientations should always be the same. How can I use the difference between the previous and current quaternions of the parent shape in order to transform the child segment and rotate it relative to its parent shape? public Quaternion Orientation { get { return entity.Orientation; } set { Quaternion previousValue = entity.Orientation; entity.Orientation = value; // Use the difference between the quaternion values to update child orientation } }

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• Java : 2D Collision Detection

  - by neko

  I'm been working on 2D rectangle collision for weeks and still cannot get this problem fixed. The problem I'm having is how to adjust a player to obstacles when it collides. I'm referencing this link. The player sometime does not get adjusted to obstacles. Also, it sometimes stuck in obstacle guy after colliding. Here, the player and the obstacle are inheriting super class Sprite I can detect collision between the two rectangles and the point by ; public Point getSpriteCollision(Sprite sprite, double newX, double newY) { // set each rectangle Rectangle spriteRectA = new Rectangle( (int)getPosX(), (int)getPosY(), getWidth(), getHeight()); Rectangle spriteRectB = new Rectangle( (int)sprite.getPosX(), (int)sprite.getPosY(), sprite.getWidth(), sprite.getHeight()); // if a sprite is colliding with the other sprite if (spriteRectA.intersects(spriteRectB)){ System.out.println("Colliding"); return new Point((int)getPosX(), (int)getPosY()); } return null; } and to adjust sprites after a collision: // Update the sprite's conditions public void update() { // only the player is moving for simplicity // collision detection on x-axis (just x-axis collision detection at this moment) double newX = x + vx; // calculate the x-coordinate of sprite move Point sprite = getSpriteCollision(map.getSprite().get(1), newX, y);// collision coordinates (x,y) if (sprite == null) { // if the player is no colliding with obstacle guy x = newX; // move } else { // if collided if (vx > 0) { // if the player was moving from left to right x = (sprite.x - vx); // this works but a bit strange } else if (vx < 0) { x = (sprite.x + vx); // there's something wrong with this too } } vx=0; y+=vy; vy=0; } I think there is something wrong in update() but cannot fix it. Now I only have a collision with the player and an obstacle guy but in future, I'm planning to have more of them and making them all collide with each other. What would be a good way to do it? Thanks in advance.

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• OpenGL ES 2 jittery camera movement

  - by user16547

  First of all, I am aware that there's no camera in OpenGL (ES 2), but from my understanding proper manipulation of the projection matrix can simulate the concept of a camera. What I'm trying to do is make my camera follow my character. My game is 2D, btw. I think the principle is the following (take Super Mario Bros or Doodle Jump as reference - actually I'm trying to replicate the mechanics of the latter): when the caracter goes beyond the center of the screen (in the positive axis/direction), update the camera to be centred on the character. Else keep the camera still. I did accomplish that, however the camera movement is noticeably jittery and I ran out of ideas how to make it smoother. First of all, my game loop (following this article): private int TICKS_PER_SECOND = 30; private int SKIP_TICKS = 1000 / TICKS_PER_SECOND; private int MAX_FRAMESKIP = 5; @Override public void run() { loops = 0; if(firstLoop) { nextGameTick = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(); firstLoop = false; } while(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() > nextGameTick && loops < MAX_FRAMESKIP) { step(); nextGameTick += SKIP_TICKS; loops++; } interpolation = ( SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + SKIP_TICKS - nextGameTick ) / (float)SKIP_TICKS; draw(); } And the following code deals with moving the camera. I was unsure whether to place it in step() or draw(), but it doesn't make a difference to my problem at the moment, as I tried both and neither seemed to fix it. center just represents the y coordinate of the centre of the screen at any time. Initially it is 0. The camera object is my own custom "camera" which basically is a class that just manipulates the view and projection matrices. if(character.getVerticalSpeed() >= 0) { //only update camera if going up float[] projectionMatrix = camera.getProjectionMatrix(); if( character.getY() > center) { center += character.getVerticalSpeed(); cameraBottom = center + camera.getBottom(); cameraTop = center + camera.getTop(); Matrix.orthoM(projectionMatrix, 0, camera.getLeft(), camera.getRight(), center + camera.getBottom(), center + camera.getTop(), camera.getNear(), camera.getFar()); } } Any thought about what I should try or what I am doing wrong? Update 1: I think I updated every value you can see on screen to check whether the jittery movement is affected by that, but nothing changed, so something must be fundamentally flawed with my approach/calculations.

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• What''s easy extensible technique to store game data?

  - by Miro

  I'm looking for library/technique for storing my game resources - levels, object (effects,world info), items(price,effects,...), NPC(visual info, behavior), everything except graphics/audio stuff. I've seen lua used for Awesome WM configuration. protobuf looks good, but it seems to be designed for network communication. I've tried to write my own parser, but as the project grows it's more and more harder to manage it and catch all the bugs. My requiremets: stability easy extension of data without need to convert older versions to newer good(don't have to be the best) performance of loading not much coding not XML!

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• How to create realistic 2d lighting using colour temperature

  - by Truncheon

  I'm looking for a lighting algorithm that produces realistic lights expressed in kelvins, from about 2500k to 6500k. What I'm confused about is how to make the lights properly interact with the colors of game objects. If a whole level is fully lit (overcast daylight) then it would seem that I should use just the color of the object. But what if I'm in a closed room with no windows, and there is an incandescent bulb shining light in the room? How would that light properly light up the objects in the room? There does not seem to be an obvious solution to the problem. And simply mixing the color of the light with the colors of the object, seems an inaccurate approach.

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• Continuous Collision Detection Techniques

  - by Griffin

  I know there are quite a few continuous collision detection algorithms out there , but I can't find a list or summary of different 2D techniques; only tutorials on specific algorithms. What techniques are out there for calculating when different 2D bodies will collide and what are the advantages / disadvantages of each? I say techniques and not algorithms because I have not yet decided on how I will store different polygons which might be concave or even have holes. I plan to make a decision on this based on what the algorithm requires (for instance if an algorithm breaks down a polygon into triangles or convex shapes I will simply store the polygon data in this form).

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• Basic collision direction detection on 2d objects

  - by Osso Buko

  I am trying to develop a platform game for Android by using ANdroid GL Engine (ANGLE). And I am having trouble with collision detection. I have two objects which is shaped as rectangular. And no change in rotation. Here is a scheme of attributes of objects. What i am trying to do is when objects collide they block each other's movement on that direction. Every object has 4 boolean (bTop, bBottom, bRight, bLeft). For example when bBottom is true object can't advance on that direction. I came up with a solution but it seems it only works on one dimensional. Bottom and top or right and left. public void collisionPlatform (MyObject a, MyObject b) { // first obj is player and second is a wall or a platform Vector p1 = a.mPosition; // p1 = middle point of first object Vector d1 = a.mPosition2; // width(mX) and height of first object Vector mSpeed1 = a.mSpeed; // speed vector of first object Vector p2 = b.mPosition; // p1 = middle point of second object Vector d2 = b.mPosition2; // width(mX) and height of second object Vector mSpeed2 = b.mSpeed; // speed vector of second object float xDist, yDist; // distant between middle of two object float width , height; // this is average of two objects measurements width=(width1+width2)/2 xDist=(p1.mX - p2.mX); // calculate distance // if positive first object is at the right yDist=(p1.mY - p2.mY); // if positive first object is below width = d1.mX + d2.mX; // average measurements calculate height = d1.mY + d2.mY; width/=2; height/=2; if (Math.abs(xDist) < width && Math.abs(yDist) < height) { // Two object is collided if(p1.mY>p2.mY) { // first object is below second one a.bTop = true; if(a.mSpeed.mY<0) a.mSpeed.mY=0; b.bBottom = true; if(b.mSpeed.mY>0) b.mSpeed.mY=0; } else { a.bBottom = true; if(a.mSpeed.mY>0) a.mSpeed.mY=0; b.bTop = true; if(b.mSpeed.mY<0) b.mSpeed.mY=0; } } As seen in my code it simply will not work. when object comes from right or left it doesn't work. I tried couple of ways other than this one but none worked. I am guessing right method will include mSpeed vector. But I have no idea how to do it. I really appreciate if you could help. Sorry for my bad english.

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• get stick analogue XY position using Jinput in lwjgl

  - by oIrC

  i want to capture the movement of the analogue stick of the gamePad. is there any equivalent function to this public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent mouseEvent) { mouseEvent.getX(); //return the X coordinate of the cursor inside a component mouseEvent.getY();//return the Y coordinate of the cursor inside a component } into lwjgl.input.Controllers, i found controller.getAxisValue() but this one doesn't work as the function above. any help? thanks.

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• How to send multiple MVP matrices to a vertex shader in OpenGL ES 2.0

  - by Carbon Crystal

  I'm working my way through optimizing the rendering of sprites in a 2D game using OpenGL ES and I've hit the limit of my knowledge when it comes to GLSL and vertex shaders. I have two large float buffers containing my vertex coordinates and texture coordinates (eventually this will be one buffer) for multiple sprites in order to perform a single glDrawArrays call. This works but I've hit a snag when it comes to passing the transformation matrix into the vertex shader. My shader code is: uniform mat4 u_MVPMatrix; attribute vec4 a_Position; attribute vec2 a_TexCoordinate; varying vec2 v_TexCoordinate; void main() { v_TexCoordinate = a_TexCoordinate; gl_Position = u_MVPMatrix * a_Position; } In Java (Android) I am using a FloatBuffer to store the vertex/texture data and this is provided to the shader like so: mGlEs20.glVertexAttribPointer(mVertexHandle, Globals.GL_POSITION_VERTEX_COUNT, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, mVertexCoordinates); mGlEs20.glVertexAttribPointer(mTextureCoordinateHandle, Globals.GL_TEXTURE_VERTEX_COUNT, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, mTextureCoordinates); (The Globals.GL_POSITION_VERTEX_COUNT etc are just integers with the value of 2 right now) And I'm passing the MVP (Model/View/Projection) matrix buffer like this: GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(mMVPMatrixHandle, 1, false, mModelCoordinates); (mModelCoordinates is a FloatBuffer containing 16-float sequences representing the MVP matrix for each sprite) This renders my scene but all the sprites share the same transformation, so it's obviously only picking the first 16 elements from the buffer which makes sense since I am passing in "1" as the second parameter. The documentation for this method says: "This should be 1 if the targeted uniform variable is not an array of matrices, and 1 or more if it is an array of matrices." So I tried modifying the shader with a fixed size array large enough to accomodate most of my scenarios: uniform mat4 u_MVPMatrix[1000]; But this lead to an error in the shader: cannot convert from 'uniform array of 4X4 matrix of float' to 'Position 4-component vector of float' This just seems wrong anyway as it's not clear to me how the shader would know when to transition to the next matrix anyway. Anyone have an idea how I can get my shader to pick up a different MVP matrix (i.e. the NEXT 16 floats) from my MVP buffer for every 4 vertices it encounters? (I am using GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP so each sprite has 4 vertices). Thanks!

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• Check if an object is facing another based on angles

  - by Isaiah

  I already have something that calculates the bearing angle to get one object to face another. You give it the positions and it returns the angle to get one to face the other. Now I need to figure out how tell if on object is facing toward another object within a specified field and I can't find any information about how to do this. The objects are obj1 and obj2. Their angles are at obj1.angle and obj2.angle. Their vectors are at obj1.pos and obj2.pos. It's in the format [x,y]. The angle to have one face directly at another is found with direction(obj1.pos,obj2.pos). I want to set the function up like this: isfacing(obj1,obj2,area){...} and return true/false depending if it's in the specified field area to the angle to directly see it. I've got a base like this: var isfacing = function (obj1,obj2,area){ var toface = direction(obj1.pos,obj2.pos); if(toface+area >= obj1.angle && ob1.angle >= toface-area){ return true; } return false; } But my problem is that the angles are in 360 degrees, never above 360 and never below 0. How can I account for that in this? If the first object's angle is say at 0 and say I subtract a field area of 20 or so. It'll check if it's less than -20! If I fix the -20 it becomes 340 but x < 340 isn't what I want, I'd have to x 340 in that case. Is there someone out there with more sleep than I that can help a new dev pulling an all-nighter just to get enemies to know if they're attacking in the right direction? I hope I'm making this harder than it seems. I'd just make them always face the main char if the producer didn't want attacks from behind to work while blocking. In which case I'll need the function above anyways. I've tried to give as much info as I can think would help. Also this is in 2d.

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• Creating Gun objects with upgrades?

  - by zardon

  I have a series of guns in my game. I use the Gun class/object like this: (Just an example) @interface Gun : NSObject { NSString *name; // Six-shooter NSNumber *cost; NSNumber *clipPrice; // ie: 700 NSNumber *clipCapacity; // 6 NSNumber *ammoCapacity; // 6 NSNumber *damage; // 0-10 NSNumber *accuracy; // 0-10 NSNumber *fireRate; // 0-10 NSNumber *range; // 0-10 // Not sure if I have all the stats, but this is fine for now } Lets say I want to have 3 upgrades per gun. My problem is I am not sure how to do this. Examples: increase fire-rate increase range increase accuracy silencer double ammo capacity (ie: Drum) double clip capacity (ie: Taped magazine) Thus my question is, I'd like to implement an upgrade system to guns but I am not sure how to do it. Would there be an Upgrade object which is a child to the Gun class, or would it be seperate class altogether. Thanks for your time.

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• Client-Server MMOG & data structures sync when joining / playing

  - by plang

  After reading a few articles on MMOG architecture, there is still one point on which I cannot find much information: it has to do with how you keep in sync server data on the client, when you join, and while you play. A pretty vague question, I agree. Let me refine it: Let's say we have an MMOG virtual world subdivided into geographical cells. A player in a cell is mostly interested in what happens in the cell itself, and all the surrounding cells, not more. When joining the game for the first time, the only thing we can do is send some sort of "database dump" of the interesting cells to the client. When playing, I guess it would be very inefficient to do the same thing regularly. I imagine the best thing to do is to send "deltas" to the client, which would allow keeping the local database in sync. Now let's say the player moves, and arrives in another cell. Surrounding cells change, and for all the new cells the player subscribes, the same technique as used when joining the game has to be used: some sort of "database dump". This mechanic of joining/moving in a cell-based MMOG virtual world interests me, and I was wondering if there were tried and tested techniques in this domain. Thanks!

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• How to use mount points in MilkShape models?

  - by vividos

  I have bought the Warriors & Commoners model pack from Frogames and the pack contains (among other formats) two animated models and several non-animated objects (axe, shield, pilosities, etc.) in MilkShape3D format. I looked at the official "MilkShape 3D Viewer v2.0" (msViewer2.zip at http://www.chumba.ch/chumbalum-soft/ms3d/download.html) source code and implemented loading the model, calculating the joint matrices and everything looks fine. In the model there are several joints that are designated as the "mount points" for the static objects like axe and shield. I now want to "put" the axe into the hand of the animated model, and I couldn't quite figure out how. I put the animated vertices in a VBO that gets updated every frame (I know I should do this with a shader, but I didn't have time to do this yet). I put the static vertices in another VBO that I want to keep static and not updated every frame. I now tried to render the animated vertices first, then use the joint matrix for the "mount joint" to calculate the location of the static object. I tried many things, and what about seems to be right is to transpose the joint matrix, then use glMatrixMult() to transform the modelview matrix. For some objects like the axe this is working, but not for others, e.g. the pilosities. Now my question: How is this generally implemented when using bone/joint models, and especially with MilkShape3D models? Am I on the right track?

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• Why do I get an exception when playing multiple sound instances?

  - by Boreal

  Right now, I'm adding a rudimentary sound engine to my game. So far, I am able to load in a WAV file and play it once, then free up the memory when I close the game. However, the game crashes with a nice ArgumentOutOfBoundsException when I try to play another sound instance. Specified argument was out of the range of valid values. Parameter name: readLength I'm following this tutorial pretty much exactly, but I still keep getting the aforementioned error. Here's my sound-related code. /// <summary> /// Manages all sound instances. /// </summary> public static class Audio { static XAudio2 device; static MasteringVoice master; static List<SoundInstance> instances; /// <summary> /// The XAudio2 device. /// </summary> internal static XAudio2 Device { get { return device; } } /// <summary> /// Initializes the audio device and master track. /// </summary> internal static void Initialize() { device = new XAudio2(); master = new MasteringVoice(device); instances = new List<SoundInstance>(); } /// <summary> /// Releases all XA2 resources. /// </summary> internal static void Shutdown() { foreach(SoundInstance i in instances) i.Dispose(); master.Dispose(); device.Dispose(); } /// <summary> /// Registers a sound instance with the system. /// </summary> /// <param name="instance">Sound instance</param> internal static void AddInstance(SoundInstance instance) { instances.Add(instance); } /// <summary> /// Disposes any sound instance that has stopped playing. /// </summary> internal static void Update() { List<SoundInstance> temp = new List<SoundInstance>(instances); foreach(SoundInstance i in temp) if(!i.Playing) { i.Dispose(); instances.Remove(i); } } } /// <summary> /// Loads sounds from various files. /// </summary> internal class SoundLoader { /// <summary> /// Loads a .wav sound file. /// </summary> /// <param name="format">The decoded format will be sent here</param> /// <param name="buffer">The data will be sent here</param> /// <param name="soundName">The path to the WAV file</param> internal static void LoadWAV(out WaveFormat format, out AudioBuffer buffer, string soundName) { WaveStream wave = new WaveStream(soundName); format = wave.Format; buffer = new AudioBuffer(); buffer.AudioData = wave; buffer.AudioBytes = (int)wave.Length; buffer.Flags = BufferFlags.EndOfStream; } } /// <summary> /// Manages the data for a single sound. /// </summary> public class Sound : IAsset { WaveFormat format; AudioBuffer buffer; /// <summary> /// Loads a sound from a file. /// </summary> /// <param name="soundName">The path to the sound file</param> /// <returns>Whether the sound loaded successfully</returns> public bool Load(string soundName) { if(soundName.EndsWith(".wav")) SoundLoader.LoadWAV(out format, out buffer, soundName); else return false; return true; } /// <summary> /// Plays the sound. /// </summary> public void Play() { Audio.AddInstance(new SoundInstance(format, buffer)); } /// <summary> /// Unloads the sound from memory. /// </summary> public void Unload() { buffer.Dispose(); } } /// <summary> /// Manages a single sound instance. /// </summary> public class SoundInstance { SourceVoice source; bool playing; /// <summary> /// Whether the sound is currently playing. /// </summary> public bool Playing { get { return playing; } } /// <summary> /// Starts a new instance of a sound. /// </summary> /// <param name="format">Format of the sound</param> /// <param name="buffer">Buffer holding sound data</param> internal SoundInstance(WaveFormat format, AudioBuffer buffer) { source = new SourceVoice(Audio.Device, format); source.BufferEnd += (s, e) => playing = false; source.Start(); source.SubmitSourceBuffer(buffer); // THIS IS WHERE THE EXCEPTION IS THROWN playing = true; } /// <summary> /// Releases memory used by the instance. /// </summary> internal void Dispose() { source.Dispose(); } } The exception occurs on line 156 when I am playing the sound: source.SubmitSourceBuffer(buffer);

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• Confusion about Rotation matrices from Euler Angles

  - by xEnOn

  I am trying to learn more about Euler Angles so as to help myself in understanding how I can control my camera better in the game. I came across the following formula that converts Euler Angles to rotation matrices: In the equation, I could see that the first matrix from the left is the rotation matrix about x-axis, the second is about y-axis and the third is about z-axis. From my understanding about ordinary matrix transformations, the later transformation is always applied to the right hand side. And if I'm right about this, then the above equation should have a rotation order starting from rotating about z-axis, y-axis, then finally x-axis. But, from the symbols it seems that the rotation order start rotating about x-axis, then y-axis, then finally z-axis. What should the actual order of the rotation be? Also, I am confuse about if the input vector, in this case, would be a row vector on the left, or a column vector on the right?

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• Subdividing a polygon into boxes of varying size

  - by Michael Trouw

  I would like to be pointed to information / resources for creating algorithms like the one illustrated on this blog, which is a subdivision of a polygon (in my case a voronoi cell) into several boxes of varying size: http://procworld.blogspot.nl/2011/07/city-lots.html In the comments a paper by among others the author of the blog can be found, however the only formula listed is about candidate location suitability: http://www.groenewegen.de/delft/thesis-final/ProceduralCityLayoutGeneration-Preprint.pdf Any language will do, but if examples can be given Javascript is preferred (as it is the language i am currently working with) A similar question is this one: What is an efficient packing algorithm for packing rectangles into a polygon?

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• Game Input mouse filtering

  - by aaron

  I'm having a problem with filtering mouse inputs, the method I am doing right know moves the cursor back to the center of the screen each frame. But I cant do this because it messes with other things. Does anyone know how to implement this with delta mouse movement. Here is the relevant code. void update() { static float oldX = 0; static float oldY = 0; static float walkSpeed = .05f; static float sensitivity = 0.002f;//mouse sensitivity static float smooth = 0.7f;//mouse smoothing (0.0 - 0.99) float w = ScreenResolution.x/2.0f; float h = ScreenResolution.y/2.0f; Vec2f scrc(w,h); Vec2f mpos(getMouseX(),getMouseY()); float x = scrc.x-mpos.x; float y = scrc.y-mpos.y; oldX = (oldX*smooth + x*(1.0-smooth)); oldY = (oldY*smooth + y*(1.0-smooth)); x = oldX * sensitivity; y = oldY * sensitivity; camera->rotate(Vec3f(y,0,0)); transform->setRotation(transform->getRotation()*Quaternionf::fromAxisAngle(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,-x)); setMousePosition((int)scrc.x,(int)scrc.y);//THIS IS THE PROBLEM LINE HOW CAN I AVOID THIS .... }

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• How to implement an intelligent enemy in a shoot-em-up?

  - by bummzack

  Imagine a very simple shoot-em-up, something we all know: You're the player (green). Your movement is restricted to the X axis. Our enemy (or enemies) is at the top of the screen, his movement is also restricted to the X axis. The player fires bullets (yellow) at the enemy. I'd like to implement an A.I. for the enemy that should be really good at avoiding the players bullets. My first idea was to divide the screen into discrete sections and assign weights to them: There are two weights: The "bullet-weight" (grey) is the danger imposed by a bullet. The closer the bullet is to the enemy, the higher the "bullet-weight" (0..1, where 1 is highest danger). Lanes without a bullet have a weight of 0. The second weight is the "distance-weight" (lime-green). For every lane I add 0.2 movement cost (this value is kinda arbitrary now and could be tweaked). Then I simply add the weights (white) and go to the lane with the lowest weight (red). But this approach has an obvious flaw, because it can easily miss local minima as the optimal place to go would be simply between two incoming bullets (as denoted with the white arrow). So here's what I'm looking for: Should find a way through bullet-storm, even when there's no place that doesn't impose a threat of a bullet. Enemy can reliably dodge bullets by picking an optimal (or almost optimal) solution. Algorithm should be able to factor in bullet movement speed (as they might move with different velocities). Ways to tweak the algorithm so that different levels of difficulty can be applied (dumb to super-intelligent enemies). Algorithm should allow different goals, as the enemy doesn't only want to evade bullets, he should also be able to shoot the player. That means that positions where the enemy can fire at the player should be preferred when dodging bullets. So how would you tackle this? Contrary to other games of this genre, I'd like to have only a few, but very "skilled" enemies instead of masses of dumb enemies.

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• In MMO game, how to handle user characters, who are offline?

  - by Deele

  In my medieval MMO game, players have their own character, that represents themselves inside game. Like a King. Players could have cities and armies, but King acts as main driving force. Then it comes to player, going offline/vacation/disconnect. How to deal with "offline King", to keep some sort of reality in game, without ruining everything for player. I have never liked unrealistic stuff in games, like appearing/dissapearing from thin air, like in WoW or other MMO RPG's, when it comes to connect/disconnect, like in Matrix movie, when you are disconnected, your "avatar" inside the system just vaninshes. Ok, if player char stays where it was left, other players who are online could kick his ass like offline player char was frozen? I see only one solution - give player char, while offline, some sort of AI, that controls char. Is there any other solutions? May be, some sort of legend/story, could make users only as inner-voice, leaving King just passively controlled by user, or other stuff... Please, help! I hope you understand my question.

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• fragment shader directional light positioning with camera

  - by meWantToLearn

  Im trying to set up directional lighting in the fragment shader. So the direction of my light moves with the camera position. #version 150 core uniform sampler2D diffuseTex; uniform vec4 lightColour; uniform vec3 lightDirection; vec3 LNorm = normalize(lightDirection); vec3 normal = normalize(IN.normal); vec3 calColour = lightColour[i].rgb * intensity; gl_FragColor = vec4(diffuse.rbg * calColour, diffuse.a); It lights the entire scene.

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• How can I get my meshes to work with Bullet Physics?

  - by Molmasepic

  The problem is that I'm trying to use my meshes with Bullet Physics for the collision part of my game. When I attempted doing this method with my GLM(model loading library by nate robins) model, I get a segmentation fault in the debug, so I figured that it doesnt like the coordinate variables of the model. If i use blender to export my model as a collision file, what type of file should I use? I have heard of a .bullet exporter, but i dont know hot to integrate this python script into my Blender 2.5 program.

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