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• Rotation and translation like in GTA 1 OpenGL

  - by user1876377

  Okay, so I have a figure in XZ plain. I want to move it forward/backward and rotate at it's own Y axis, then move forward again in the rotation's direction, like the character in GTA 1. Code so far: Init: spaceship_position = glm::vec3(0,0,0); spaceship_rotation = glm::vec3(0,0,0); spaceship_scale = glm::vec3(1, 1, 1); Draw: glm::mat4 transform = glm::scale<float>(spaceship_scale) * glm::rotate<float>(spaceship_rotation.x, 1, 0, 0) * glm::rotate<float>(spaceship_rotation.y, 0, 1, 0) * glm::rotate<float>(spaceship_rotation.z, 0, 0, 1) * glm::translate<float>(spaceship_position); drawMesh(spaceship, texture, transform); Update: switch (key.keysym.sym) { case SDLK_UP: spaceship_position.z += 0.1; break; case SDLK_DOWN: spaceship_position.z -= 0.1; break; case SDLK_LEFT: spaceship_rotation.y += 1; break; case SDLK_RIGHT: spaceship_rotation.y -= 1; break; } So this only moves on the Z axis, but how can I move the object on both Z and X axis where the object is facing?

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• how can i get rotation vector from matrix4x4 in xna?

  - by mr.Smyle

  i want to get rotation vector from matrix to realize some parent-children system for models. Matrix bonePos = link.Bone.Transform * World; Matrix m = Matrix.CreateTranslation(link.Offset) * Matrix.CreateScale(link.gameObj.Scale.X, link.gameObj.Scale.Y, link.gameObj.Scale.Z) * Matrix.CreateFromYawPitchRoll(MathHelper.ToRadians(link.gameObj.Rotation.Y), MathHelper.ToRadians(link.gameObj.Rotation.X), MathHelper.ToRadians(link.gameObj.Rotation.Z)) //need rotation vector from bone matrix here (now it's global model rotation vector) * Matrix.CreateFromYawPitchRoll(MathHelper.ToRadians(Rotation.Y), MathHelper.ToRadians(Rotation.X), MathHelper.ToRadians(Rotation.Z)) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(bonePos.Translation); link.gameObj.World = m; where : link - struct with children model settings, like position, rotation etc. And link.Bone - Parent Bone

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• When mapping the surface of a sphere with tiles, how might you deal with polar distortion?

  - by clweeks

  It's easy to deal with the way locations interact on a clean Cartesian grid. It's just vanilla math. And you can kind of ignore the geometry of the sphere's surface for a bunch of it if you want to just truncate the poles or something. But I keep coming up with ideas for games where the polar space matters. Geo-coded ARGs and global roguelikes and stuff. I want square(ish?) locations -- reasonably representable by square tiles of the same size across the globe, anyway. This has to be a solved problem, right? What are the solutions? ETA: At the equator -- and assuming that your square locations are reasonably small, it's close enough to true that you can get away with having one square in the rows north and south of the most equatorial row. And you could probably get away with that by just hand-waving the difference up to like 45-degrees or so. But eventually, you need to have fewer squares in a pole-ward circumferential row. If I reduce the length of the row by one and offset the squares by 1/2 then they're just like hexes and it's relatively easy to do the coding to keep track of the connections. But as you get pole-ward, it gets more and more extreme. Projecting the surface of the world onto the surface of a cube is tempting. But I figured there must be more elegant solutions already in use. If I did the cube thing (not dissecting it further through geodesy) Are there any pros and cons related to placing the pole at the center of a face or at the vertex of three sides?

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• How do I keep a 3D model on the screen in OpenGL?

  - by NoobScratcher

  I'm trying to keep a 3D model on the screen by placing my glDrawElement functions inside the draw function with the declarations at the top of .cpp. When I render the model, the model attaches it self to the current vertex buffer object. This is because my whole graphical user interface is in 2D quads except the window frame. Is there a way to avoid this from happening? or any common causes of this? Creating the file object: int index = IndexAssigner(1, 1); //make a fileobject and store list and the index of that list in a c string ifstream file (list[index].c_str() ); //Make another string //string line; points.push_back(Point()); Point p; int face[4]; Model rendering code: int numfloats = 4; float* point=reinterpret_cast<float*>(&points[0]); int num_bytes=numfloats*sizeof(float); cout << "Size Of Point" << sizeof(Point) << endl; GLuint vertexbuffer; glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao[3]); glGenBuffers(1, &vertexbuffer); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexbuffer); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, points.size()*sizeof(points), points.data(), GL_STATIC_DRAW); glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, num_bytes, &points[0]); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, points.size(), &points[0]); glEnableClientState(GL_INDEX_ARRAY); glIndexPointer(GL_FLOAT, faces.size(), faces.data()); glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glDrawElements(GL_QUADS, points.size(), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, points.data()); glDrawElements(GL_QUADS, faces.size(), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, faces.data());

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• Using SVN post-commit hook to update only files that have been commited

  - by fondie

  I am using an SVN repository for my web development work. I have a development site set up which holds a checkout of the repository. I have set up an SVN post-commit hook so that whenever a commit is made to the repository the development site is updated: cd /home/www/dev_ssl /usr/bin/svn up This works fine but due to the size of the repository the updates take a long time (approx. 3 minutes) which is rather frustrating when making regular commits. What I'd like is to change the post-commit hook to only update those files/directories that have been committed but I don't know how to go about doing this. Updating the "lowest common directory" would probably be the best solution, e.g. If committing the follow files: /branches/feature_x/images/logo.jpg /branches/feature_x/css/screen.css It would update the directory: /branches/feature_x/ Can anyone help me create a solution that achieves this please? Thanks! Update: The repository and development site are located on the same server so network issues shouldn't be involved. CPU usage is very low, and I/O should be ok (it's running on hi-spec dedicated server) The development site is approx. 7.5GB in size and contains approx. 600,000 items, this is mainly due to having multiple branches/tags

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• Scaling along an arbitrary axis (Dealing with non-uniform scale)

  - by Jon

  I'm trying to build my own little engine to get more familiar with the concepts of 3D programming. I have a transform class that on each frame it creates a Scaling Matrix (S), a Rotation Matrix from a Quaternion (R) and concatenates them together (S*R). Once i have SR, I insert the translation values into the bottom of the three columns. So i end up with a transformation matrix that looks like: [SR SR SR 0] [SR SR SR 0] [SR SR SR 0] [tx ty tz 1] This works perfectly in all cases except when rotating an object that has a non-uniform scale. For example a unit cube with ScaleX = 4, ScaleY = 2, ScaleZ = 1 will give me a rectangular box that is 4 times as wide as the depth and twice as high as the depth. If i then translate this around, the box stays the same and looks normal. The problem happens whenever I try to rotate this scaled box. The shape itself becomes distorted and it appears as though the Scale factors are affecting the object on the World X,Y,Z axis rather than the local X,Y,Z axis of the object. I've done some pretty extensive research through a variety of textbooks (Eberly, Moller/Hoffman, Phar etc) and there isn't a ton there to go off of. Online, most of the answers say to avoid non-uniform scaling which I understand the desire to avoid it, but I'd still like to figure out how to support it. The only thing I can think off is that when constructing a Scale Matrix: [sx 0 0 0] [0 sy 0 0] [0 0 sz 0] [0 0 0 1] This is scaling along the World Axis instead of the object's local Direction, Up and Right vectors or it's local Z, Y, X axis. Does anyone have any tips or ideas on how to handle construction a transformation matrix that allows for non-uniform scaling and rotation? Thanks!

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• What should I worry about when changing OpenGL origin to upper left of screen?

  - by derivative

  For self education, I'm writing a 2D platformer engine in C++ using SDL / OpenGL. I initially began with pure SDL using the tutorials on sdltutorials.com and lazyfoo.net, but I'm now rendering in an OpenGL context (specifically immediate mode but I'm learning about VAOs/VBOs) and using SDL for interface, audio, etc. SDL uses a coordinate system with the origin in the upper left of the screen and the positive y-axis pointing down. It's easy to set up my orthographic projection in OpenGL to mirror this. I know that texture coordinates are a right-hand system with values from 0 to 1 -- flipping the texture vertically before rendering (well, flip the file before loading) yields textures that render correctly... which is fine if I'm drawing the entire texture, but ultimately I'll be using tilesets and can imagine problems. What should I be concerned about in terms of rendering when I do this? If anybody has any advice or they've done this themselves and can point out future pitfalls, that would be great, but really any thoughts would be appreciated.

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• How to make an object move again after being stopped by collision in Unity?

  - by Matthew Underwood

  I have a player object which position is always centered on the main camera's viewport. This object has a Rigidbody 2D, a box and circle collider. The player moves around a level, the level has a polygon collider attached. I move the camera until the object hits against the collider, which stops the movement of the camera by setting its speed to 0. The problem happens when I want to move the camera / player object away from the collider. As the speed is already at 0, it cannot move away from the collider. The script attached to the player object, checks for collisions and applies the speed to 0 on the main camera's test script. using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class move : MonoBehaviour { public float speed; public test testing; // Use this for initialization void Start () { speed = 10F; testing = Camera.main.GetComponent<test>(); } // Update is called once per frame void FixedUpdate () { Vector3 p = Camera.main.ViewportToWorldPoint(new Vector3(0.5F, 0.5F, Camera.main.nearClipPlane)); transform.position = new Vector3(p.x, p.y, -1); } void OnCollisionEnter2D(Collision2D col) { testing.speed = 0; } void OnCollisionExit2D(Collision2D col) { testing.speed = 10F; } } This is the script attached to the main camera; just a simple script that changes the camera's position. using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class test : MonoBehaviour { public float speed; public float translationY; public float translationX; // Use this for initialization void Start () { speed = 10F; } void FixedUpdate () { translationY = Input.GetAxis("Vertical") * speed * Time.deltaTime; translationX = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal") * speed * Time.deltaTime; transform.Translate(translationX, translationY, 0); } } The player object isn't kinematic and is a fixed angle, the colliders aren't triggers and the polygon collider isn't a trigger either. The player is the red square, the collider is the pink area. -- EDIT -- From the latest change the collider set up for the player So if the X speed was disabled. It wouldnt move into the side of the polygon colider which is good, but yet you couldnt move away from it. And moving down would move inside the colider.

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• How to optimise mesh data

  - by Wardy

  So i have some procedurally generated mesh data and i want to reduce it down to its minimum number of verts. In case it matters this is a unity project. Working on the basis of a simple example, lets assume a typical flat surface of points 2 by 3. The point / vertex at [1,1] is used in many triangles. I've generated mesh for a voxel type engine that adds verts to a list based on face visiblility and now I want to remove all the duplicates. Can anyone come up with an efficient way of doing this because what i have is sooo bad its not even funny (and i don't even think it's logically correct) ... private void Optimize() { Vector3 v; Vector3 v2; for (int i = 0; i < Vertices.Count; i++) { v = Vertices[i]; for (int j = i+1; j < Vertices.Count; j++) { v2 = Vertices[j]; if (v.x == v2.x && v.y == v2.y && v.z == v2.z) { for (int ind = 0; ind < Indices.Count; ind++) { if (Indices[ind] == j) { Indices[ind] = i; } else if (Indices[ind] > j && Indices[ind] > 0) Indices[ind]--; } Vertices.RemoveAt(j); Uvs.RemoveAt(j); Normals.RemoveAt(j); } } } } EDIT: Ok i managed to get this (code sample above updated) to render an "optimised" set of verts but the UV data is all wrong now, which would make sense because i'm basically just removing any UV Vector that represents a UV coord for a removed vert and not actually considering what I need to do to "fix the tri" so to speak. The code now seemingly does work but its quite time consuming, still looking to further optimise.

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• Class Design - Space Simulator

  - by Peteyslatts

  I have pretty much taught myself everything I know about programming, so while I know how to teach myself (books, internet and reading API's), I'm finding that there hasn't been a whole lot in the way of good programming. So I have two questions: First the broad one: Does anyone have suggestions as to sources for learning about good programming habits and techniques? I'd prefer it if the resource wasn't a 5000 page tome. The more I can read it in installments the better. More specifically: I am finishing up learning the basics of XNA and I want to create a space simulator to test my knowledge. This isn't a full scale simulator, but just something that covers everything I learned. It's also going to be modular so I can build on it, after I get the basics down. One of the early features I want to implement is AI. And I want to take this into account as I'm designing my classes so I can minimize rewriting code. So my question: How should I design ship classes so that both the player and AI can use them? The only idea I have so far is: Create a ship class that contains stats, models, textures, collision data etc. The player and AI would then have the data for position, rotation, health, etc and would base their status off of the ship stats.

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• Map format for 3d open world

  - by Pacha

  I am making an open world 3d platformer in Ogre3D, and I have no idea on what kind of 3d map file format I should use for it. I want to make low-polygon blocky-style objects. Probably rectangles and other geometrical figures that don't have circular edges. Some of those blocks will have properties, like climbable or they might move. I was wondering what would be the best thing to do to make the map (just one level, as it is open).

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• Which Graphics/Geometry abstraction to choose?

  - by Robz

  I've been thinking about the design for a browser app on the HTML5 canvas that simulates a 2D robot zooming around, sensing the world around it. I decided to do this from scratch just for fun. I need shapes, like polygons, circles, and lines in order to model the robot and the world it lives in. These shapes need to be drawn with different appearance attributes, like border/fill style/width/color. I also need to have geometry functions to detect intersections and containment for the robot's sensors and so that the robot doesn't go inside stuff. One idea for functions is to have two totally separate libraries, one to implement graphics (like drawShape(context, shape)) and one for geometry operations (like shapeIntersectsShape(shape1, shape2)). Or, in a more object-oriented approach, the shape objects themselves could implement methods to do their own graphics (shape.draw(context)) and geometry operations (shape1.intersects(shape2)). Then there is the data itself: whether the data to draw a shape and the data to do geometric operations on that shape should be encapsulated within the same object, or be separate structures (where one would contain the other, or both be contained inside another structure). How do existing applications that do graphics/geometry stuff deal with this? Is there one model that is best, or is each good for certain applications? Should the fact that I'm using Javascript instead of a more classical language change how I approach the design?

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• Calculate velocity of a bullet ricocheting on a circle

  - by SteveL

  I made a picture to demostrate what I need,basecaly I have a bullet with velocity and I want it to bounce with the correct angle after it hits a circle Solved(look the accepted answer for explain): Vector.vector.set(bullet.vel); //->v Vector.vector2.setDirection(pos, bullet.pos); //->n normal from center of circle to bullet float dot=Vector.vector.dot(Vector.vector2); //->dot product Vector.vector2.mul(dot).mul(2); Vector.vector.sub(Vector.vector2); Vector.vector.y=-Vector.vector.y; //->for some reason i had to invert the y bullet.vel.set(Vector.vector);

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• Camera doesn't move

  - by hugo

  Here is my code, as my subject indicates i have implemented a camera but I couldn't make it move. #define PI_OVER_180 0.0174532925f #define GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE 0x812F #include "metinalifeyyaz.h" #include <GL/glu.h> #include <GL/glut.h> #include <QTimer> #include <cmath> #include <QKeyEvent> #include <QWidget> #include <QDebug> metinalifeyyaz::metinalifeyyaz(QWidget *parent) : QGLWidget(parent) { this->setFocusPolicy(Qt:: StrongFocus); time = QTime::currentTime(); timer = new QTimer(this); timer->setSingleShot(true); connect(timer, SIGNAL(timeout()), this, SLOT(updateGL())); xpos = yrot = zpos = 0; walkbias = walkbiasangle = lookupdown = 0.0f; keyUp = keyDown = keyLeft = keyRight = keyPageUp = keyPageDown = false; } void metinalifeyyaz::drawBall() { //glTranslatef(6,0,4); glutSolidSphere(0.10005,300,30); } metinalifeyyaz:: ~metinalifeyyaz(){ glDeleteTextures(1,texture); } void metinalifeyyaz::initializeGL(){ glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); glClearColor(1.0,1.0,1.0,0.5); glClearDepth(1.0f); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL); glClearColor(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0); glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); GLfloat mat_specular[]={1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0}; GLfloat mat_shininess []={30.0}; GLfloat light_position[]={1.0,1.0,1.0}; glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_SHININESS,mat_shininess); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, light_position); glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); QImage img1 = convertToGLFormat(QImage(":/new/prefix1/halisaha2.bmp")); QImage img2 = convertToGLFormat(QImage(":/new/prefix1/white.bmp")); glGenTextures(2,texture); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, img1.width(), img1.height(), 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, img1.bits()); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[1]); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, img2.width(), img2.height(), 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, img2.bits()); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST); // Really nice perspective calculations } void metinalifeyyaz::resizeGL(int w, int h){ if(h==0) h=1; glViewport(0,0,w,h); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45.0f, static_cast<GLfloat>(w)/h,0.1f,100.0f); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); } void metinalifeyyaz::paintGL(){ movePlayer(); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glLoadIdentity(); GLfloat xtrans = -xpos; GLfloat ytrans = -walkbias - 0.50f; GLfloat ztrans = -zpos; GLfloat sceneroty = 360.0f - yrot; glLoadIdentity(); glRotatef(lookupdown, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(sceneroty, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glTranslatef(xtrans, ytrans+50, ztrans-130); glLoadIdentity(); glTranslatef(1.0f,0.0f,-18.0f); glRotatef(45,1,0,0); drawScene(); int delay = time.msecsTo(QTime::currentTime()); if (delay == 0) delay = 1; time = QTime::currentTime(); timer->start(qMax(0,10 - delay)); } void metinalifeyyaz::movePlayer() { if (keyUp) { xpos -= sin(yrot * PI_OVER_180) * 0.5f; zpos -= cos(yrot * PI_OVER_180) * 0.5f; if (walkbiasangle >= 360.0f) walkbiasangle = 0.0f; else walkbiasangle += 7.0f; walkbias = sin(walkbiasangle * PI_OVER_180) / 10.0f; } else if (keyDown) { xpos += sin(yrot * PI_OVER_180)*0.5f; zpos += cos(yrot * PI_OVER_180)*0.5f ; if (walkbiasangle <= 7.0f) walkbiasangle = 360.0f; else walkbiasangle -= 7.0f; walkbias = sin(walkbiasangle * PI_OVER_180) / 10.0f; } if (keyLeft) yrot += 0.5f; else if (keyRight) yrot -= 0.5f; if (keyPageUp) lookupdown -= 0.5; else if (keyPageDown) lookupdown += 0.5; } void metinalifeyyaz::keyPressEvent(QKeyEvent *event) { switch (event->key()) { case Qt::Key_Escape: close(); break; case Qt::Key_F1: setWindowState(windowState() ^ Qt::WindowFullScreen); break; default: QGLWidget::keyPressEvent(event); case Qt::Key_PageUp: keyPageUp = true; break; case Qt::Key_PageDown: keyPageDown = true; break; case Qt::Key_Left: keyLeft = true; break; case Qt::Key_Right: keyRight = true; break; case Qt::Key_Up: keyUp = true; break; case Qt::Key_Down: keyDown = true; break; } } void metinalifeyyaz::changeEvent(QEvent *event) { switch (event->type()) { case QEvent::WindowStateChange: if (windowState() == Qt::WindowFullScreen) setCursor(Qt::BlankCursor); else unsetCursor(); break; default: break; } } void metinalifeyyaz::keyReleaseEvent(QKeyEvent *event) { switch (event->key()) { case Qt::Key_PageUp: keyPageUp = false; break; case Qt::Key_PageDown: keyPageDown = false; break; case Qt::Key_Left: keyLeft = false; break; case Qt::Key_Right: keyRight = false; break; case Qt::Key_Up: keyUp = false; break; case Qt::Key_Down: keyDown = false; break; default: QGLWidget::keyReleaseEvent(event); } } void metinalifeyyaz::drawScene(){ glBegin(GL_QUADS); glNormal3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); // glColor3f(0,0,1); //back glVertex3f(-6,0,-4); glVertex3f(-6,-0.5,-4); glVertex3f(6,-0.5,-4); glVertex3f(6,0,-4); glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glNormal3f(0.0f,0.0f,-1.0f); //front glVertex3f(6,0,4); glVertex3f(6,-0.5,4); glVertex3f(-6,-0.5,4); glVertex3f(-6,0,4); glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glNormal3f(-1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); // glColor3f(0,0,1); //left glVertex3f(-6,0,4); glVertex3f(-6,-0.5,4); glVertex3f(-6,-0.5,-4); glVertex3f(-6,0,-4); glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glNormal3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); // glColor3f(0,0,1); //right glVertex3f(6,0,-4); glVertex3f(6,-0.5,-4); glVertex3f(6,-0.5,4); glVertex3f(6,0,4); glEnd(); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glNormal3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);//top glTexCoord2f(1.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(6,0,-4); glTexCoord2f(1.0f,1.0f); glVertex3f(6,0,4); glTexCoord2f(0.0f,1.0f); glVertex3f(-6,0,4); glTexCoord2f(0.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(-6,0,-4); glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glNormal3f(0.0f,-1.0f,0.0f); //glColor3f(0,0,1); //bottom glVertex3f(6,-0.5,-4); glVertex3f(6,-0.5,4); glVertex3f(-6,-0.5,4); glVertex3f(-6,-0.5,-4); glEnd(); // glPushMatrix(); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[1]); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glNormal3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); glTexCoord2f(1.0f,0.0f); //right far goal post front face glVertex3f(5,0.5,-0.95); glTexCoord2f(1.0f,1.0f); glVertex3f(5,0,-0.95); glTexCoord2f(0.0f,1.0f); glVertex3f(5,0,-1); glTexCoord2f(0.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(5, 0.5, -1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right far goal post back face glVertex3f(5.05,0.5,-0.95); glVertex3f(5.05,0,-0.95); glVertex3f(5.05,0,-1); glVertex3f(5.05, 0.5, -1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right far goal post left face glVertex3f(5,0.5,-1); glVertex3f(5,0,-1); glVertex3f(5.05,0,-1); glVertex3f(5.05, 0.5, -1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right far goal post right face glVertex3f(5.05,0.5,-0.95); glVertex3f(5.05,0,-0.95); glVertex3f(5,0,-0.95); glVertex3f(5, 0.5, -0.95); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right near goal post front face glVertex3f(5,0.5,0.95); glVertex3f(5,0,0.95); glVertex3f(5,0,1); glVertex3f(5,0.5, 1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right near goal post back face glVertex3f(5.05,0.5,0.95); glVertex3f(5.05,0,0.95); glVertex3f(5.05,0,1); glVertex3f(5.05,0.5, 1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right near goal post left face glVertex3f(5,0.5,1); glVertex3f(5,0,1); glVertex3f(5.05,0,1); glVertex3f(5.05,0.5, 1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right near goal post right face glVertex3f(5.05,0.5,0.95); glVertex3f(5.05,0,0.95); glVertex3f(5,0,0.95); glVertex3f(5,0.5, 0.95); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right crossbar front face glVertex3f(5,0.55,-1); glVertex3f(5,0.55,1); glVertex3f(5,0.5,1); glVertex3f(5,0.5,-1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right crossbar back face glVertex3f(5.05,0.55,-1); glVertex3f(5.05,0.55,1); glVertex3f(5.05,0.5,1); glVertex3f(5.05,0.5,-1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right crossbar bottom face glVertex3f(5.05,0.5,-1); glVertex3f(5.05,0.5,1); glVertex3f(5,0.5,1); glVertex3f(5,0.5,-1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right crossbar top face glVertex3f(5.05,0.55,-1); glVertex3f(5.05,0.55,1); glVertex3f(5,0.55,1); glVertex3f(5,0.55,-1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //left far goal post front face glVertex3f(-5,0.5,-0.95); glVertex3f(-5,0,-0.95); glVertex3f(-5,0,-1); glVertex3f(-5, 0.5, -1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right far goal post back face glVertex3f(-5.05,0.5,-0.95); glVertex3f(-5.05,0,-0.95); glVertex3f(-5.05,0,-1); glVertex3f(-5.05, 0.5, -1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right far goal post left face glVertex3f(-5,0.5,-1); glVertex3f(-5,0,-1); glVertex3f(-5.05,0,-1); glVertex3f(-5.05, 0.5, -1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right far goal post right face glVertex3f(-5.05,0.5,-0.95); glVertex3f(-5.05,0,-0.95); glVertex3f(-5,0,-0.95); glVertex3f(-5, 0.5, -0.95); glColor3f(1,1,1); //left near goal post front face glVertex3f(-5,0.5,0.95); glVertex3f(-5,0,0.95); glVertex3f(-5,0,1); glVertex3f(-5,0.5, 1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right near goal post back face glVertex3f(-5.05,0.5,0.95); glVertex3f(-5.05,0,0.95); glVertex3f(-5.05,0,1); glVertex3f(-5.05,0.5, 1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right near goal post left face glVertex3f(-5,0.5,1); glVertex3f(-5,0,1); glVertex3f(-5.05,0,1); glVertex3f(-5.05,0.5, 1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right near goal post right face glVertex3f(-5.05,0.5,0.95); glVertex3f(-5.05,0,0.95); glVertex3f(-5,0,0.95); glVertex3f(-5,0.5, 0.95); glColor3f(1,1,1); //left crossbar front face glVertex3f(-5,0.55,-1); glVertex3f(-5,0.55,1); glVertex3f(-5,0.5,1); glVertex3f(-5,0.5,-1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right crossbar back face glVertex3f(-5.05,0.55,-1); glVertex3f(-5.05,0.55,1); glVertex3f(-5.05,0.5,1); glVertex3f(-5.05,0.5,-1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right crossbar bottom face glVertex3f(-5.05,0.5,-1); glVertex3f(-5.05,0.5,1); glVertex3f(-5,0.5,1); glVertex3f(-5,0.5,-1); glColor3f(1,1,1); //right crossbar top face glVertex3f(-5.05,0.55,-1); glVertex3f(-5.05,0.55,1); glVertex3f(-5,0.55,1); glVertex3f(-5,0.55,-1); glEnd(); // glPopMatrix(); // glPushMatrix(); // glTranslatef(0,0,0); // glutSolidSphere(0.10005,500,30); // glPopMatrix(); }

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• 2-d lighting day/night cycle

  - by Richard

  Off the back of this post in which I asked two questions and received one answer, which I accepted as a valid answer. I have decided to re-ask the outstanding question. I have implemented light points with shadow casting as shown here but I would like an overall map light with no point/light source. The map setup is a top-down 2-d 50X50 pixel grid. How would I go about implementing a day/night cycle lighting across a map?

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• How to implement explosion in OpenGL with a particle effect?

  - by Chan

  I'm relatively new to OpenGL and I'm clueless how to implement explosion. So could anyone give me some ideas how to start? Suppose the explosion occurs at location $(x, y, z)$, then I'm thinking of randomly generate a collection of vectors with $(x, y, z)$ as origin, then draw some particle (glutSolidCube) which move along this vector for some period of time, says after 1000 updates, it disappear. Is this approach feasible? A minimal example would be greatly appreciated.

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• One Step-Ahead A-Star

  - by Jonathan Dickinson

  I am attempting to create a server-centric RTS (as opposed to usual parallel synchronised simulation route of most RTS games today) - however I am still leveraging the discreet N-turns-ahead paradigm discussed by one of the AOE developers on Gamasutra. I have [possibly questionably?] decided that the path finding should only ever find the next cell the entity needs to move to, and was wondering if anyone has any clever ideas on how to optimize the algorithm for this specific scenario - or any other ideas on how to keep the pathfinding as lean as possible on the server. I have investigated a few possible algorithms but could only come up with one appropriation: Tiered A-Star - Relatively large T1 tiles, work out (and cache) each cell as you enter it. Other than that: doing the full A-Star pass and caching the entire path, which might use too much memory if a large amount of units are present. I know about the existence of naive progressive pathfinding algorithms (if you hit a block, turn in the direction closer to your target etc.) but they suffer from infinite feedback loops - and very poor pathing even if visited blocks are memorised. Not an option. Many thanks.

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• Problem animating in Unity/Orthello 2D. Can't move gameObject

  - by Nelson Gregório

  I have a enemy npc that moves left and right in a corridor. It's animated with 2 sprites using Orthello 2D Framework. If I untick the animation's play on start and looping, the npc moves correctly. If I turn it on, the npc tries to move but is pulled back to his starting position again and again because of the animation loop. If I turn looping off during runtime, the npc moves correctly again. What did I do wrong? Here's the npc code if needed. using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class Enemies : MonoBehaviour { private Vector2 movement; public float moveSpeed = 200; public bool started = true; public bool blockedRight = false; public bool blockedLeft = false; public GameObject BorderL; public GameObject BorderR; void Update () { if (gameObject.transform.position.x < BorderL.transform.position.x) { started = false; blockedRight = false; blockedLeft = true; } if (gameObject.transform.position.x > BorderR.transform.position.x) { started = false; blockedLeft = false; blockedRight = true; } if(started) { movement = new Vector2(1, 0f); movement *= Time.deltaTime*moveSpeed; gameObject.transform.Translate(movement.x,movement.y, 0f); } if(!blockedRight && !started && blockedLeft) { movement = new Vector2(1, 0f); movement *= Time.deltaTime*moveSpeed; gameObject.transform.Translate(movement.x,movement.y, 0f); } if(!blockedLeft && !started && blockedRight) { movement = new Vector2(-1, 0f); movement *= Time.deltaTime*moveSpeed; gameObject.transform.Translate(movement.x,movement.y, 0f); } } }

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• OpenGL VertexBuffer won'e render in GLFW3

  - by sm81095

  So I have started to try to learn OpenGL, and I decided to use GLFW to assist in window creation. The problem is, since GLFW3 is so new, there are no tutorials on it yet and how to use it with modern OpenGL (3.3, specifically). Using the GLFW3 tutorial found on the website, which uses older OpenGL rendering (glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES), glVertex3f()), and such, I can get a triangle to render to the screen. The problem is, using new OpenGL, I can't get the same triangle to render to the screen. I am new to OpenGL, and GLFW3 is new to most people, so I may be completely missing something obvious, but here is my code: static const GLuint g_vertex_buffer_data[] = { -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f }; int main(void) { GLFWwindow* window; if(!glfwInit()) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize GLFW."); return -1; } glfwWindowHint(GLFW_SAMPLES, 4); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE); window = glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, "Test Window", NULL, NULL); if(!window) { glfwTerminate(); fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create a GLFW window"); return -1; } glfwMakeContextCurrent(window); glewExperimental = GL_TRUE; GLenum err = glewInit(); if(err != GLEW_OK) { glfwTerminate(); fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize GLEW"); fprintf(stderr, (char*)glewGetErrorString(err)); return -1; } GLuint VertexArrayID; glGenVertexArrays(1, &VertexArrayID); glBindVertexArray(VertexArrayID); GLuint programID = LoadShaders("SimpleVertexShader.glsl", "SimpleFragmentShader.glsl"); GLuint vertexBuffer; glGenBuffers(1, &vertexBuffer); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBuffer); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(g_vertex_buffer_data), g_vertex_buffer_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW); while(!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glUseProgram(programID); glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBuffer); glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*)0); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); glDisableVertexAttribArray(0); glfwSwapBuffers(window); glfwPollEvents(); } glDeleteBuffers(1, &vertexBuffer); glDeleteProgram(programID); glfwDestroyWindow(window); glfwTerminate(); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); } I know it is not my shaders, they are super simple and I've checked them against GLFW 2.7 so I know that they work. I'm assuming that I've missed something crucial to using the OpenGL context with GLFW3, so any help locating the problem would be greatly appreciated.

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• How to snap a 2D Quad to the mouse cursor using OpenGL 3.0/WIN32?

  - by NoobScratcher

  I've been having issues trying to snap a 2D Quad to the mouse cursor position I'm able : 1.) To get values into posX, posY, posZ 2.) Translate with the values from those 3 variables But the quad positioning I'm not able to do correctly in such a way that the 2D Quad is near the mouse cursor using those values from those 3 variables eg."posX, posY, posZ" I need the mouse cursor in the center of the 2D Quad. I'm hoping someone can help me achieve this. I've tried searching around with no avail. Heres the function that is ment to do the snapping but instead creates weird flicker or shows nothing at all only the 3d models show up : void display() { glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); for(std::vector<GLuint>::iterator I = cube.begin(); I != cube.end(); ++I) { glCallList(*I); } if(DrawArea == true) { glReadPixels(winX, winY, 1, 1, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_FLOAT, &winZ); cerr << winZ << endl; glGetDoublev(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, modelview); glGetDoublev(GL_PROJECTION_MATRIX, projection); glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT, viewport); gluUnProject(winX, winY, winZ , modelview, projection, viewport, &posX, &posY, & posZ); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, DrawAreaTexture); glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_DECAL); glTexImage2D (GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, DrawAreaSurface->w, DrawAreaSurface->h, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, DrawAreaSurface->pixels); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, DrawAreaTexture); glTranslatef(posX , posY, posZ); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f (0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(0.5, 0.5, 0); glTexCoord2f (1.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(0, 0.5, 0); glTexCoord2f (1.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(0, 0, 0); glTexCoord2f (0.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(0.5, 0, 0); glEnd(); } SwapBuffers(hDC); } I'm using : OpenGL 3.0 WIN32 API C++ GLSL if you really want the full source here it is - http://pastebin.com/1Ncm9HNf , Its pretty messy.

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• Attaching two objects and changing their world matrices accordingly

  - by A-Type

  I'm having a hard time wrapping my head around the transformations required to bind two objects together in either a two-way or one-way relationship. I will need to implement both types. For the first case, I want to be able to 'couple' two ships together in space. The ships have different mass, of course. Forces applied to either ship will use combined mass and moment of inertia to calculate and move both ships. The trick is, being sure that the point at which they are coupled remains the same, and they don't move at all relative to each other. The second case is similar: I want a ship to be able to enter the atmosphere of a planet and move relative to the planet. The planet will be orbiting the sun, which is fixed at 0,0,0. Essentially, when the ship is sitting still outside of the atmosphere, the planet will move past it on its course-- but when the ship is sitting still inside the atmosphere, it moves and rotates with the planet, so that it is always relative to the horizon. Essentially, the vertices which make up the ship are now transformed just like the ones that make up the planet, except that the ship can move itself around relative to the planet. I get the feeling I can implement both of these with the same code. Essentially, I am thinking of giving each object (which I call Fixtures) a list of "slave" Fixtures onto which that Fixture's world matrix is imposed. So, this would be the planet imposing its world on any contained ships. In the case of coupling, I would simply make each ship a slave of the other, somehow. Obviously I can't just multiply the ship's world matrix by the planet's, or each ship by the others. What I'd like some help with is what calculations to make in order to get a nice, seamless relative world to the other object. I was thinking maybe I could just multiply the world of the slave by the inverse of the master, but then when you couple two ships you would lose all that world data. So, perhaps I need an intermediate "world" which is the absolute world, but use a secondary "final world" to actually transform the objects?

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• Trouble with SAT style vector projection in C#/XNA

  - by ssb

  Simply put I'm having a hard time working out how to work with XNA's Vector2 types while maintaining spatial considerations. I'm working with separating axis theorem and trying to project vectors onto an arbitrary axis to check if those projections overlap, but the severe lack of XNA-specific help online combined with pseudo code everywhere that omits key parts of the algorithm, googling has left me little help. I'm aware of HOW to project a vector, but the way that I know of doing it involves the two vectors starting from the same point. Particularly here: http://www.metanetsoftware.com/technique/tutorialA.html So let's say I have a simple rectangle, and I store each of its corners in a list of Vector2s. How would I go about projecting that onto an arbitrary axis? The crux of my problem is that taking the dot product of say, a vector2 of (1, 0) and a vector2 of (50, 50) won't get me the dot product I'm looking for.. or will it? Because that (50, 50) won't be the vector of the polygon's vertex but from whatever XNA calculates. It's getting the calculation from the right starting point that's throwing me off. I'm sorry if this is unclear, but my brain is fried from trying to think about this. I need a better understanding of how XNA calculates Vector2s as actual vectors and not just as random points.

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• Circle collision detection and Vector math: HELP?

  - by Griffin

  Hey so i'm currently going through the wildbunny blog to learn about collision detection, but i'm a bit confused on how the vectors he's talking about come into play QUOTED BLOG: p = ||A-B|| – (r1+r2) The two spheres are penetrating by distance p. We would also like the penetration vector so that we can correct the penetration once we discover it. This is the vector that moves both circles to the point where they just touch, correcting the penetration. Importantly it is not only just a vector that does this, it is the only vector which corrects the penetration by moving the minimum amount. This is important because we only want to correct the error, not introduce more by moving too much when we correct, or too little. N = (A-B) / ||A-B|| P = N*p Here we have calculated the normalised vector N between the two centres and the penetration vector P by multiplying our unit direction by the penetration distance. Ok so i understand that p is the distance each circle is penetrating each other, but i don't get what exactly N and P is. it seems to me N is just the coordinates of the 3rd point of the right trianlge formed by point A and B (A-B) then being divided by the hypotenuse of that triangle or distance between A and B (||A-B||) Whats the significance of this? Also, what is the penetration vector used for? It seems to me like a movement that one of the circles would perform to get un-penetrated.

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• Depth is disabled - How to turn on?

  - by marc wellman

  In XNA 3.1 is there any other way to disable depth in 3D Worlds using DirectX models other than GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DepthBufferEnable = false; ? The reason for my question is I have quite a huge program which offers a 3D World with a couple of 3D DirectX models inside. Depth was never an issue since it ever worked fine but since a few days after doing some modifications my models are all depth-translucent i.e. depth-buffering and/or culling seems to be disabled. But in my whole source code I never touch any of the options related to Depth or Culling which means I never turn these settings on explicitly nor turn it off somewhere. So I am searching for some other statement maybe related to the GraphicsDevice that implicitly turns depth off - but I can't find it. (Sorry that I don't post any source code but I have too much source code and I simply don't know where to search) UPDATE: These are a couple of simple objects seen with correct depth. These are the same objects in their current state.

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• Building View Matrix in Direct3D11

  - by Balls

  Am I doing it right? I converted this. m_ViewMatrix = XMMatrixLookAtLH(XMLoadFloat3(&m_Position), lookAtVector, upVector); to this one. XMVECTOR vz = XMVector3Normalize( lookAtVector - XMLoadFloat3(&m_Position) ); XMVECTOR vx = XMVector3Normalize( XMVector3Cross( upVector, vz ) ); XMVECTOR vy = XMVector3Cross( vz, vx ); m_ViewMatrix.r[0] = vx; m_ViewMatrix.r[1] = vy; m_ViewMatrix.r[2] = vz; m_ViewMatrix.r[3] = XMLoadFloat3(&m_Position); m_ViewMatrix.r[0].m128_f32[3] = 0.0f; m_ViewMatrix.r[1].m128_f32[3] = 0.0f; m_ViewMatrix.r[2].m128_f32[3] = 0.0f; m_ViewMatrix.r[3].m128_f32[3] = 1.0f; m_ViewMatrix = XMMatrixInverse( &XMMatrixDeterminant(m_ViewMatrix), m_ViewMatrix ); Everything looks fine when I run it. Another question is, I saw on this site(http://webglfactory.blogspot.com/2011/06/how-to-create-view-matrix.html) that he subtracted lookat from position in his vector vz. I tried it but gave me wrong view matrix. Can anyone check my code. I'm studying linear algebra right now. Sucks my course doesn't have one. Thank you, Balls

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