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• How can I cleanly and elegantly handle data and dependancies between classes

  - by Neophyte

  I'm working on 2d topdown game in SFML 2, and need to find an elegant way in which everything will work and fit together. Allow me to explain. I have a number of classes that inherit from an abstract base that provides a draw method and an update method to all the classes. In the game loop, I call update and then draw on each class, I imagine this is a pretty common approach. I have classes for tiles, collisions, the player and a resource manager that contains all the tiles/images/textures. Due to the way input works in SFML I decided to have each class handle input (if required) in its update call. Up until now I have been passing in dependencies as needed, for example, in the player class when a movement key is pressed, I call a method on the collision class to check if the position the player wants to move to will be a collision, and only move the player if there is no collision. This works fine for the most part, but I believe it can be done better, I'm just not sure how. I now have more complex things I need to implement, eg: a player is able to walk up to an object on the ground, press a key to pick it up/loot it and it will then show up in inventory. This means that a few things need to happen: Check if the player is in range of a lootable item on keypress, else do not proceed. Find the item. Update the sprite texture on the item from its default texture to a "looted" texture. Update the collision for the item: it might have changed shape or been removed completely. Inventory needs to be updated with the added item. How do I make everything communicate? With my current system I will end up with my classes going out of scope, and method calls to each other all over the place. I could tie up all the classes in one big manager and give each one a reference to the parent manager class, but this seems only slightly better. Any help/advice would be greatly appreciated! If anything is unclear, I'm happy to expand on things.

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• What is the recommended way to output values to FBO targets? (OpenGL 3.3 + GLSL 330)

  - by datSilencer

  I'll begin by apologizing for any dumb assumptions you might find in the code below since I'm still pretty much green when it comes to OpenGL programming. I'm currently trying to implement deferred shading by using FBO's and their associated targets (textures in my case). I have a simple (I think :P) geometry+fragment shader program and I'd like to write its Fragment Shader stage output to three different render targets (previously bound by a call to glDrawBuffers()), like so: #version 330 in vec3 WorldPos0; in vec2 TexCoord0; in vec3 Normal0; in vec3 Tangent0; layout(location = 0) out vec3 WorldPos; layout(location = 1) out vec3 Diffuse; layout(location = 2) out vec3 Normal; uniform sampler2D gColorMap; uniform sampler2D gNormalMap; vec3 CalcBumpedNormal() { vec3 Normal = normalize(Normal0); vec3 Tangent = normalize(Tangent0); Tangent = normalize(Tangent - dot(Tangent, Normal) * Normal); vec3 Bitangent = cross(Tangent, Normal); vec3 BumpMapNormal = texture(gNormalMap, TexCoord0).xyz; BumpMapNormal = 2 * BumpMapNormal - vec3(1.0, 1.0, -1.0); vec3 NewNormal; mat3 TBN = mat3(Tangent, Bitangent, Normal); NewNormal = TBN * BumpMapNormal; NewNormal = normalize(NewNormal); return NewNormal; } void main() { WorldPos = WorldPos0; Diffuse = texture(gColorMap, TexCoord0).xyz; Normal = CalcBumpedNormal(); } If my render target textures are configured as: RT1:(GL_RGB32F, GL_RGB, GL_FLOAT, GL_TEXTURE0, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0) RT2:(GL_RGB32F, GL_RGB, GL_FLOAT, GL_TEXTURE1, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT1) RT3:(GL_RGB32F, GL_RGB, GL_FLOAT, GL_TEXTURE2, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT2) And assuming that each texture has an internal format capable of contaning the incoming data, will the fragment shader write the corresponding values to the expected texture targets? On a related note, do the textures need to be bound to the OpenGL context when they are Multiple Render Targets? From some Googling, I think there are two other ways to output to MRTs: 1: Output each component to gl_FragData[n]. Some forum posts say this method is deprecated. However, looking at the latest OpenGL 3.3 and 4.0 specifications at opengl.org, the core profiles still mention this approach. 2: Use a typed output array variable for the expected type. In this case, I think it would be something like this: out vec3 [3] output; void main() { output[0] = WorldPos0; output[1] = texture(gColorMap, TexCoord0).xyz; output[2] = CalcBumpedNormal(); } So which is then the recommended approach? Is there a recommended approach at all if I plan to code on top of OpenGL 3.3? Thanks for your time and help!

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• How can I get my first-person character in Unity to move to a ledge with an animation?

  - by BallzOfSteel

  I'm trying to get this to happen: The character walks up to a large crate, the player presses a button, and an animation starts playing where the character climbs up on to the crate. (all in first person view). So far I tried this with normal "First Person Controller" Prefab in Unity. My code so far: function OnTriggerStay(other : Collider){ if(other.tag == "GrabZone"){ if(Input.GetKeyDown("e")){ animation.Play("JumpToLedge"); } } } However when i use this on The FPC it will always play from the position the animation is created on. I also tried to create an empty game object, placing the FPC in there. Gives same effect. I also tried just animating the graphics of the FPC alone. This seems to work but since the Character Controller itself is not animated that stays onthe ground. So the whole FPC wont work anymore. Is there anyway i could let this animation play on the local position the player is on at that time? Or can you think of any other logical solution for a grab and climb?

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• Accounting for waves when doing planar reflections

  - by CloseReflector

  I've been studying Nvidia's examples from the SDK, in particular the Island11 project and I've found something curious about a piece of HLSL code which corrects the reflections up and down depending on the state of the wave's height. Naturally, after examining the brief paragraph of code: // calculating correction that shifts reflection up/down according to water wave Y position float4 projected_waveheight = mul(float4(input.positionWS.x,input.positionWS.y,input.positionWS.z,1),g_ModelViewProjectionMatrix); float waveheight_correction=-0.5*projected_waveheight.y/projected_waveheight.w; projected_waveheight = mul(float4(input.positionWS.x,-0.8,input.positionWS.z,1),g_ModelViewProjectionMatrix); waveheight_correction+=0.5*projected_waveheight.y/projected_waveheight.w; reflection_disturbance.y=max(-0.15,waveheight_correction+reflection_disturbance.y); My first guess was that it compensates for the planar reflection when it is subjected to vertical perturbation (the waves), shifting the reflected geometry to a point where is nothing and the water is just rendered as if there is nothing there or just the sky: Now, that's the sky reflecting where we should see the terrain's green/grey/yellowish reflection lerped with the water's baseline. My problem is now that I cannot really pinpoint what is the logic behind it. Projecting the actual world space position of a point of the wave/water geometry and then multiplying by -.5f, only to take another projection of the same point, this time with its y coordinate changed to -0.8 (why -0.8?). Clues in the code seem to indicate it was derived with trial and error because there is redundancy. For example, the author takes the negative half of the projected y coordinate (after the w divide): float waveheight_correction=-0.5*projected_waveheight.y/projected_waveheight.w; And then does the same for the second point (only positive, to get a difference of some sort, I presume) and combines them: waveheight_correction+=0.5*projected_waveheight.y/projected_waveheight.w; By removing the divide by 2, I see no difference in quality improvement (if someone cares to correct me, please do). The crux of it seems to be the difference in the projected y, why is that? This redundancy and the seemingly arbitrary selection of -.8f and -0.15f lead me to conclude that this might be a combination of heuristics/guess work. Is there a logical underpinning to this or is it just a desperate hack? Here is an exaggeration of the initial problem which the code fragment fixes, observe on the lowest tessellation level. Hopefully, it might spark an idea I'm missing. The -.8f might be a reference height from which to deduce how much to disturb the texture coordinate sampling the planarly reflected geometry render and -.15f might be the lower bound, a security measure.

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• How to Point sprite's direction towards Mouse or an Object [duplicate]

  - by Irfan Dahir

  This question already has an answer here: Rotating To Face a Point 1 answer I need some help with rotating sprites towards the mouse. I'm currently using the library allegro 5.XX. The rotation of the sprite works but it's constantly inaccurate. It's always a few angles off from the mouse to the left. Can anyone please help me with this? Thank you. P.S I got help with the rotating function from here: http://www.gamefromscratch.com/post/2012/11/18/GameDev-math-recipes-Rotating-to-face-a-point.aspx Although it's by javascript, the maths function is the same. And also, by placing: if(angle < 0) { angle = 360 - (-angle); } doesn't fix it. The Code: #include <allegro5\allegro.h> #include <allegro5\allegro_image.h> #include "math.h" int main(void) { int width = 640; int height = 480; bool exit = false; int shipW = 0; int shipH = 0; ALLEGRO_DISPLAY *display = NULL; ALLEGRO_EVENT_QUEUE *event_queue = NULL; ALLEGRO_BITMAP *ship = NULL; if(!al_init()) return -1; display = al_create_display(width, height); if(!display) return -1; al_install_keyboard(); al_install_mouse(); al_init_image_addon(); al_set_new_bitmap_flags(ALLEGRO_MIN_LINEAR | ALLEGRO_MAG_LINEAR); //smoother rotate ship = al_load_bitmap("ship.bmp"); shipH = al_get_bitmap_height(ship); shipW = al_get_bitmap_width(ship); int shipx = width/2 - shipW/2; int shipy = height/2 - shipH/2; int mx = width/2; int my = height/2; al_set_mouse_xy(display, mx, my); event_queue = al_create_event_queue(); al_register_event_source(event_queue, al_get_mouse_event_source()); al_register_event_source(event_queue, al_get_keyboard_event_source()); //al_hide_mouse_cursor(display); float angle; while(!exit) { ALLEGRO_EVENT ev; al_wait_for_event(event_queue, &ev); if(ev.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_UP) { switch(ev.keyboard.keycode) { case ALLEGRO_KEY_ESCAPE: exit = true; break; /*case ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT: degree -= 10; break; case ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT: degree += 10; break;*/ case ALLEGRO_KEY_W: shipy -=10; break; case ALLEGRO_KEY_S: shipy +=10; break; case ALLEGRO_KEY_A: shipx -=10; break; case ALLEGRO_KEY_D: shipx += 10; break; } }else if(ev.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_AXES) { mx = ev.mouse.x; my = ev.mouse.y; angle = atan2(my - shipy, mx - shipx); } // al_draw_bitmap(ship,shipx, shipy, 0); //al_draw_rotated_bitmap(ship, shipW/2, shipH/2, shipx, shipy, degree * 3.142/180,0); al_draw_rotated_bitmap(ship, shipW/2, shipH/2, shipx, shipy,angle, 0); //I directly placed the angle because the allegro library calculates radians, and if i multiplied it by 180/3. 142 the rotation would go hawire, not would, it actually did. al_flip_display(); al_clear_to_color(al_map_rgb(0,0,0)); } al_destroy_bitmap(ship); al_destroy_event_queue(event_queue); al_destroy_display(display); return 0; } EDIT: This was marked duplicate by a moderator. I'd like to say that this isn't the same as that. I'm a total beginner at game programming, I had a view at that other topic and I had difficulty understanding it. Please understand this, thank you. :/ Also, while I was making a print of what the angle is I got this... Here is a screenshot:http://img34.imageshack.us/img34/7396/fzuq.jpg Which is weird because aren't angles supposed to be 360 degrees only?

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• infer half vector length in BRDF

  - by cician

  it's my first question on stack. Is it possible to infer length of the half angle vector for specular lighting from N·L and N·V without the whole view and light vectors? I may be completely off-track, but I have this gut feeling it's possible... Why? I'm working on a skin shader and I'm already doing one texture lookup with N·L+N·E and one texture lookup for specular with N·H+N·V. The latter one can be transformed into N·L+N·E lookup if only I had the half vector length. Doing so could simplify the shader a bit and move some operations into the pre-computed lookup texture. It would make a huge difference since I'm trying to squeeze as much functionality as possible to a single pass mobile version so instruction count matters. Thanks.

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• What are the semantics of glRotate and glTranslate's parameters?

  - by Zarkopafilis

  I have been trying to play with OpenGL after watching some tutorials and I don't understand how the glTranslatef and glRotatef functions work. I believe a simple picture would help me. I understand that glTranslatef changes the position of the "camera" (but does it change the position in wich the shapes are getting drawn)? However, I don't understand the rotation concept at all. If I do glRotatef(1,0,0,1) it makes my quad spin around. If I just do glRotatef(1,0,0,0) it makes the quad smaller (further away) but if I try to rotate around the X or Y axis, I get a black screen. I don't understand the angle either. Help would be appreciated.

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• Recreating Doodle Jump in Canvas - Platforms spawning out of reach

  - by kushsolitary

  I have started to recreate Doodle Jump in HTML using Canvas. Here's my current progress. As you can see, if you play it for a few seconds, some platforms will be out of the player's reach. I don't know why is this happening. Here's the code which is responsible for the re-spawning of platforms. //Movement of player affected by gravity if(player.y > (height / 2) - (player.height / 2)) { player.y += player.vy; player.vy += gravity; } else { for(var i = 0; i < platforms.length; i++) { var p = platforms[i]; if(player.vy < 0) { p.y -= player.vy; player.vy += 0.08; } if(p.y > height) { position = 0; var h = p.y; platforms[i] = new Platform(); } if(player.vy >= 0) { player.y += player.vy; player.vy += gravity; } } } Also, here's the platform class. //Platform class function Platform(y) { this.image = new Image(); this.image.src = platformImg; this.width = 105; this.height = 25; this.x = Math.random() * (width - this.width); this.y = y || position; position += height / platformCount; //Function to draw it this.draw = function() { try { ctx.drawImage(this.image, this.x, this.y, this.width, this.height); } catch(e) {} }; } You can also see the whole code on the link I provided. Also, when a platform goes out of the view port, the jump animation becomes quirky. I am still trying to find out what's causing this but can't find any solution.

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• GLSL per pixel lighting with custom light type

  - by Justin

  Ok, I am having a big problem here. I just got into GLSL yesterday, so the code will be terrible, I'm sure. Basically, I am attempting to make a light that can be passed into the fragment shader (for learning purposes). I have four input values: one for the position of the light, one for the color, one for the distance it can travel, and one for the intensity. I want to find the distance between the light and the fragment, then calculate the color from there. The code I have gives me a simply gorgeous ring of light that get's twisted and widened as the matrix is modified. I love the results, but it is not even close to what I am after. I want the light to be moved with all of the vertices, so it is always in the same place in relation to the objects. I can easily take it from there, but getting that to work seems to be impossible with my current structure. Can somebody give me a few pointers (pun not intended)? Vertex shader: attribute vec4 position; attribute vec4 color; attribute vec2 textureCoordinates; varying vec4 colorVarying; varying vec2 texturePosition; varying vec4 fposition; varying vec4 lightPosition; varying float lightDistance; varying float lightIntensity; varying vec4 lightColor; void main() { vec4 ECposition = gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex; vec3 tnorm = normalize(vec3 (gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal)); fposition = ftransform(); gl_Position = fposition; gl_TexCoord[0] = gl_MultiTexCoord0; fposition = ECposition; lightPosition = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 5.0, 0.0) * gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex; lightDistance = 5.0; lightIntensity = 1.0; lightColor = vec4(0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0); } Fragment shader: varying vec4 colorVarying; varying vec2 texturePosition; varying vec4 fposition; varying vec4 lightPosition; varying float lightDistance; varying float lightIntensity; varying vec4 lightColor; uniform sampler2D texture; void main() { float l_distance = sqrt((gl_FragCoord.x * lightPosition.x) + (gl_FragCoord.y * lightPosition.y) + (gl_FragCoord.z * lightPosition.z)); float l_value = lightIntensity / (l_distance / lightDistance); vec4 l_color = vec4(l_value * lightColor.r, l_value * lightColor.g, l_value * lightColor.b, l_value * lightColor.a); vec4 color; color = texture2D(texture, gl_TexCoord[0].st); gl_FragColor = l_color * color; //gl_FragColor = fposition; }

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• How do I optimize searching for the nearest point?

  - by Rootosaurus

  For a little project of mine I'm trying to implement a space colonization algorithm in order to grow trees. The current implementation of this algorithm works fine. But I have to optimize the whole thing in order to make it generate faster. I work with 1 to 300K of random attraction points to generate one tree, and it takes a lot of time to compute and compare distances between attraction points and tree node in order to keep only the closest treenode for an attraction point. So I was wondering if some solutions exist (I know they must exist) in order to avoid the time loss looping on each tree node for each attraction point to find the closest... and so on until the tree is finished.

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• Open Source Analysis

  - by BluFire

  There are a lot of code in open source projects, looking at all of the code is time consuming and can be confusing to a novice like me. Are there any sections of open-source projects that should be focused on? What should I focus on when I look at code? I'm asking this in general because if I ask this specifically, the question will only apply in one or two projects rather than an entire group of projects ranging in different types of games and difficulty.

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• Rotating a Quad around it center

  - by Trixmix

  How can you rotate a quad around its center? This is what im trying to do but it aint working: GL11.glTranslatef(x-getWidth()/2, y-getHeight()/2, 0); GL11.glRotatef(30, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); GL11.glTranslatef(x+getWidth()/2, y+getHeight()/2, 0); DRAW my main problem is that it renders it off the screen.. draw code: GL11.glBegin(GL11.GL_QUADS); { GL11.glTexCoord2f(0, 0); GL11.glVertex2f(0, 0); GL11.glTexCoord2f(0, getTexture().getHeight()); GL11.glVertex2f(0, height); GL11.glTexCoord2f(getTexture().getWidth(), getTexture().getHeight()); GL11.glVertex2f(width,height); GL11.glTexCoord2f(getTexture().getWidth(), 0); GL11.glVertex2f(width,0); } GL11.glEnd();

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• Algorithm for procedural city generation?

  - by Zove Games

  I am planning on making a (simple) procedural city generator using Java. I need ideas on whan algorithm to use for the layout, and the actual buildings. The city will mostly have skyscrapers, not really much complex stuff. For the layout I already have a simple algorithm implemented: Create a Map with java.awt.Point keys and Integer values. Fill it with all the points in the city's bounds with the value as -1 (unnassigned) Shuffle the map, and assign the 1st 10 of the keys IDs (from 1-10) Loop until all points have IDs: Loop though all points: Assign points next to an assigned point IDs of the point next to them, if 2 or more points border the point, then randomly choose which ID the point will get. You will end up with 10 random regions. Make roads bordering these regions. Fill the inside of each region with a randomly spaced and randomly rotated grid PROBLEM: This is not the fastest way to do it. What algorithm should I use for the layout. And what should I use to make each building's design? I don't even know how I'm going to do that yet (fractals maybe). I just need some ideas, not actual code.

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• Artifacts when draw particles with some alpha

  - by piotrek

  I want to draw in my game some particles. But when I draw one particle above another particle, alpha channel from this above "clear" previous drawed particle. I set in OpenGL blend in this way: glBlendFunc( GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA ); My fragment shader for particle is very simple: precision highp float; precision highp int; uniform sampler2D u_maps[2]; varying vec2 v_texture; uniform float opaque; uniform vec3 colorize; void main() { vec4 texColor = texture2D(u_maps[0], v_texture); gl_FragColor.rgb = texColor.rgb * colorize.rgb; gl_FragColor.a = texColor.a * opaque; } I attach screenshot from this: Do you know what I made wrong ? I use OpenGL ES 2.0.

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• Unity , libgdx, or something else to develop my first game for Android?

  - by capcom

  I want to start by saying that I absolutely love Unity (even more when I team it up with Blender). I really want to start developing games for Android, but it seems like Unity poses way too many roadblocks in terms of which devices it supports (and even if it does support them, it doesn't work well on all of them). I've been looking around for alternatives, and found something called libgdx. Well, it's nothing like Unity unfortunately, but at least it seems like I may be able to reach a larger audience in the market. I'd like to start by making 2D games, but with 3D graphics (say, imported from Blender). I can do this very easily in Unity, and it seems like it should be alright with libgdx too. But I really want to know if ditching Unity is a smart idea, considering how comfortable I am with it already, and how much I like it. Finally, is libgdx something you would recommend considering my requirements/situation? BTW, I am quite familiar with Eclipse too. Many thanks. Feel free to request further details.

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• b2Body moves without stopping

  - by SentineL

  I got a quite strange bug. It is difficult to explain it in two words, but i'll try to do this in short. My b2Body has restitution, friction, density, mass and collision group. I controlling my b2Body via setting linear velocity to it (called on every iteration): (void)moveToDirection:(CGPoint)direction onlyHorizontal:(BOOL)horizontal { b2Vec2 velocity = [controlledObject getBody]-GetLinearVelocity(); double horizontalSpeed = velocity.x + controlledObject.acceleration * direction.x; velocity.x = (float32) (abs((int) horizontalSpeed) < controlledObject.runSpeed ? horizontalSpeed : controlledObject.maxSpeed * direction.x); if (!horizontal) { velocity.y = velocity.y + controlledObject.runSpeed * direction.y; } [controlledObject getBody]->SetLinearVelocity(velocity); } My floor is static b2Body, it has as restitution, friction, density, mass and same collision group in some reason, I'm setting b2Body's friction of my Hero to zero when it is moving, and returning it to 1 when he stops. When I'm pushing run button, hero runs. when i'm releasing it, he stops. All of this works perfect. On jumping, I'm setting linear velocity to my Hero: (void)jump { b2Vec2 velocity = [controlledObject getBody]->GetLinearVelocity(); velocity.y = velocity.y + [[AppDel cfg] getHeroJumpVlelocity]; [controlledObject getBody]->SetLinearVelocity(velocity); } If I'll run, jump, and release run button, while he is in air, all will work fine. And here is my problem: If I'll run, jump, and continue running on landing (or when he goes from one static body to another: there is small fall, probably), Hero will start move, like he has no friction, but he has! I checked this via beakpoints: he has friction, but I can move left of right, and he will never stop, until i'll jump (or go from one static body to another), with unpressed running button. I allready tried: Set friction to body on every iteration double-check am I setting friction to right fixture. set Linear Damping to Hero: his move slows down on gugged moveing. A little more code: I have a sensor and body fixtures in my hero: (void) addBodyFixture { b2CircleShape dynamicBox; dynamicBox.m_radius = [[AppDel cfg] getHeroRadius]; b2FixtureDef bodyFixtureDef; bodyFixtureDef.shape = &dynamicBox; bodyFixtureDef.density = 1.0f; bodyFixtureDef.friction = [[AppDel cfg] getHeroFriction]; bodyFixtureDef.restitution = [[AppDel cfg] getHeroRestitution]; bodyFixtureDef.filter.categoryBits = 0x0001; bodyFixtureDef.filter.maskBits = 0x0001; bodyFixtureDef.filter.groupIndex = 0; bodyFixtureDef.userData = [NSNumber numberWithInt:FIXTURE_BODY]; [physicalBody addFixture:bodyFixtureDef]; } (void) addSensorFixture { b2CircleShape sensorBox; sensorBox.m_radius = [[AppDel cfg] getHeroRadius] * 0.95; sensorBox.m_p.Set(0, -[[AppDel cfg] getHeroRadius] / 10); b2FixtureDef sensor; sensor.shape = &sensorBox; sensor.filter.categoryBits = 0x0001; sensor.filter.maskBits = 0x0001; sensor.filter.groupIndex = 0; sensor.isSensor = YES; sensor.userData = [NSNumber numberWithInt:FIXTURE_SENSOR]; [physicalBody addFixture:sensor]; } Here I'm tracking is hero in air: void FixtureContactListener::BeginContact(b2Contact* contact) { // We need to copy out the data because the b2Contact passed in // is reused. Squirrel *squirrel = (Squirrel *)contact->GetFixtureB()->GetBody()->GetUserData(); if (squirrel) { [squirrel addContact]; } } void FixtureContactListener::EndContact(b2Contact* contact) { Squirrel *squirrel = (Squirrel *)contact->GetFixtureB()->GetBody()->GetUserData(); if (squirrel) { [squirrel removeContact]; } } here is Hero's logic on contacts: - (void) addContact { if (contactCount == 0) [self landing]; contactCount++; } - (void) removeContact { contactCount--; if (contactCount == 0) [self flying]; if (contactCount <0) contactCount = 0; } - (void)landing { inAir = NO; acceleration = [[AppDel cfg] getHeroRunAcceleration]; [sprite stopAllActions]; (running ? [sprite runAction:[self runAction]] : [sprite runAction:[self standAction]]); } - (void)flying { inAir = YES; acceleration = [[AppDel cfg] getHeroAirAcceleration]; [sprite stopAllActions]; [self flyAction]; } here is Hero's moving logic: - (void)stop { running = NO; if (!inAir) { [sprite stopAllActions]; [sprite runAction:[self standAction]]; } } - (void)left { [physicalBody setFriction:0]; if (!running && !inAir) { [sprite stopAllActions]; [sprite runAction:[self runAction]]; } running = YES; moveingDirection = NO; [bodyControls moveToDirection:CGPointMake(-1, 0) onlyHorizontal:YES]; } - (void)right { [physicalBody setFriction:0]; if (!running && !inAir) { [sprite stopAllActions]; [sprite runAction:[self runAction]]; } running = YES; moveingDirection = YES; [bodyControls moveToDirection:CGPointMake(1, 0) onlyHorizontal:YES]; } - (void)jump { if (!inAir) { [bodyControls jump]; } } and here is my update method (called on every iteration): - (void)update:(NSMutableDictionary *)buttons { if (!isDead) { [self updateWithButtonName:BUTTON_LEFT inButtons:buttons whenPressed:@selector(left) whenUnpressed:@selector(stop)]; [self updateWithButtonName:BUTTON_RIGHT inButtons:buttons whenPressed:@selector(right) whenUnpressed:@selector(stop)]; [self updateWithButtonName:BUTTON_UP inButtons:buttons whenPressed:@selector(jump) whenUnpressed:@selector(nothing)]; [self updateWithButtonName:BUTTON_DOWN inButtons:buttons whenPressed:@selector(nothing) whenUnpressed:@selector(nothing)]; [sprite setFlipX:(moveingDirection)]; } [self checkPosition]; if (!running) [physicalBody setFriction:[[AppDel cfg] getHeroFriction]]; else [physicalBody setFriction:0]; } - (void)updateWithButtonName:(NSString *)buttonName inButtons:(NSDictionary *)buttons whenPressed:(SEL)pressedSelector whenUnpressed:(SEL)unpressedSelector { NSNumber *buttonNumber = [buttons objectForKey:buttonName]; if (buttonNumber == nil) return; if ([buttonNumber boolValue]) [self performSelector:pressedSelector]; else [self performSelector:unpressedSelector]; } - (void)checkPosition { b2Body *body = [self getBody]; b2Vec2 position = body->GetPosition(); CGPoint inWorldPosition = [[AppDel cfg] worldMeterPointFromScreenPixel:CGPointMake(position.x * PTM_RATIO, position.y * PTM_RATIO)]; if (inWorldPosition.x < 0 || inWorldPosition.x > WORLD_WIDGH / PTM_RATIO || inWorldPosition.y <= 0) { [self kill]; } }

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• DirectCompute information

  - by N0xus

  I've been trying to make use of the GPU as part of a project of mine. I've looked into both CUDA and OpenCL, but the lack of information showing you how to introduce these into a project is shocking. Even their dedicated forum groups are dead. So now, I'm looking into DirectCompute. From what I can tell, it's simply a new type of shader file that makes use of HLSL. My question is this, does my program (aside from being DirectX 10 / 11 ) need its structure changed? I mean, is it simply a case of creating the CS file, setting in the project like I would any other shader, and watch the magic happen? Any information on this would be appreciated.

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• Collision Systems Implementation

  - by hrr4

  Just curious what might be a good way to implement a decent collision system. As a class inherited by a base Entity class? Currently I'm stuck and could just use a couple better ideas than my own. Any help is appreciated! Edit: Sorry, it's 2D Collisioning but honestly, I'm not looking for specific collision methods. I'm looking more about the lines of implementation. Just curious of some of the common methods of how to implement collision systems such as: Should the entire collision system be it's own class? What, if anything, should be inheritable? These are some of my questions. Sorry for the confusion.

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• How do I simplify a 2D game grid for level management while keeping its by-pixel features?

  - by Eric Thoma

  (I cross-posted this from StackOverflow as this seems to be a more appropriate forum. I've looked around a little here and I did not find an answer, so I hope this is not a recurring question.) This is a question dealing with 2D world design. I am playing around by creating a 2D bird's eye view shooter game, and I am looking to make the game sleek and advanced. I hope to be able to write physics so projectiles have momentum and knock-down properties. I am immediately running into the problem of world design. I need a way to have level files that store everything there is about a game. This is easiest by just having a grid of objects. But there are thin-walls and other objects that don't seem to fit into a traditional cell of a grid. I want to be able to fit all these together so I can streamline level design; so I don't have to put in the exact pixel-specific start and end of a wall. There doesn't seem to be an obvious translation from level file to game without forcing myself into a pacman-life scenario, meaning a scenario where the game feels boxy and discrete. There is a contrast between the smoothly (relatively) moving characters and finite jumps in a grid. I would appreciate an answer that would describe implementation options or point me to resources that do. I would also appreciate references to sites that teach game design. The language I am using is Java (although I would love to use C or C++, but I can never find convenient resources in those languages). Thank you for any answers. Please leave any questions in the space below; I will be able to answer them later tonight (28th Nov).

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• "Unclutter" units in RTS game

  - by TravisG

  For intentional reasons, certain units in the game I'm currently programming don't have any collision detection and response among each other. This enables them to clutter right on top of each other. This is a wanted behavior, since there will be situations in the game when the player does want them to stack like that. However, I want to make the process of uncluttering them easy for the player, so that they just have to press a hotkey or click some button on the screen and have the units disperse just enough so it's easy to select a group of them with the mouse (if they stand on top of each other one mouseclick selects all units). How could I do this without running a brute force N^2 nearest neighbor search on all units?

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• Prevent collisions between mobs/npcs/units piloted by computer AI : How to avoid mobile obstacles?

  - by Arthur Wulf White

  Lets says we have character a starting at point A and character b starting at point B. character a is headed to point B and character b is headed to point A. There are several simple ways to find the path(I will be using Dijkstra). The question is, how do I take preventative action in the code to stop the two from colliding with one another? case2: Characters a and b start from the same point in different times. Character b starts later and is the faster of the two. How do I make character b walk around character a without going through it? case3:Lets say we have m such characters in each side and there is sufficient room to pass through without the characters overlapping with one another. How do I stop the two groups of characters from "walking on top of one another" and allow them pass around one another in a natural organic way. A correct answer would be any algorithm, that given the path to the destination and a list of mobile objects that block the path, finds an alternative path or stops without stopping all units when there is sufficient room to traverse.

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• Character equipment combinations

  - by JimFing

  I'm developing a 2d isometric game (typical Tolkien RPG) and wondering how to handle character/equipment combinations. So for example, the player wears leather boots with chain-mail and a wooden shield and a sword - but then picks up plate-armour instead of chain-mail. I'm using Blender3D to create objects, environments and characters in 3D, then a script runs to render all 3D meshes into 2D orthographic tile maps. So I can use this script to create all the combinations of character equipment for me, but there would be an explosion in terms of the combinations required.

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• Generating and rendering not point-like particles on GPU

  - by TravisG

  Specifically I'm talking about particles as seen (for example) in the UE4 dev video here. They're not just points and seem to have a nice shape to them that seems to follow their movement. Is it possible to create these kinds of particles (efficiently) completely on the GPU (perhaps through something like motion? Or is the only (or most efficient) way to just create a small particle texture and render small quads for each particle?

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• Implementing AS 2.0 with FSM?

  - by Up2u

  i have seen many of references of AI and FSM like : http://www.richardlord.net/blog/fini...n-actionscript and sadly im still can't understand the point of the FSM on AS2.0 is it a must to create a class of each state ? i have a project of game and also it has an AI, the AI has 3 state n i said the state is distanceCheck, ChaseTarget, and Hit the target, the game that i create is FPS game and play via by mouse so what i mean is i have create an AI ( and is success ) but i want to convert it to FSM method ... i create : function of CheckDistanceState() and in that function i have to locked the target with an array, and sort it with the nearest distance and locked it and it trigger the function ChaseState(), and in the ChaseState() i insert the Hit() function to destroy the enemy, the 3 function that i created , i call it in the AI_cursor.onEnterframe, ( FPS game that only have a cursor in stage ) is there any chance to implement FSM to my code without to create a class ?? from what i read before , to create a class mean to create an external code outside of the frame ( i used to code in frame) and i stil dont understand about it. sorry if my explaination not clear ...

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• How do I put different textures on different walls? LWJGL

  - by lehermj

  So far I have it so you are running around in a box, but all of the walls are the same texture! I've loaded up other textures for the walls (I want the walls a different texture than the floor) but it seems as if its being ignored... Here's my code: int floorTexture = glGenTextures(); { InputStream in = null; try { in = new FileInputStream("floor.png"); PNGDecoder decoder = new PNGDecoder(in); ByteBuffer buffer = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(4 * decoder.getWidth() * decoder.getHeight()); decoder.decode(buffer, decoder.getWidth() * 4, Format.RGBA); buffer.flip(); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, floorTexture); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, decoder.getWidth(), decoder.getHeight(), 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, buffer); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, floorTexture); } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) { System.err.println("Failed to find the texture files."); ex.printStackTrace(); Display.destroy(); System.exit(1); } catch (IOException ex) { System.err.println("Failed to load the texture files."); ex.printStackTrace(); Display.destroy(); System.exit(1); } finally { if (in != null) { try { in.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } int wallTexture = glGenTextures(); { InputStream in = null; try { in = new FileInputStream("walls.png"); PNGDecoder decoder = new PNGDecoder(in); ByteBuffer buffer = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(4 * decoder.getWidth() * decoder.getHeight()); decoder.decode(buffer, decoder.getWidth() * 4, Format.RGBA); buffer.flip(); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, wallTexture); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, decoder.getWidth(), decoder.getHeight(), 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, buffer); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, wallTexture); } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) { System.err.println("Failed to find the texture files."); ex.printStackTrace(); Display.destroy(); System.exit(1); } catch (IOException ex) { System.err.println("Failed to load the texture files."); ex.printStackTrace(); Display.destroy(); System.exit(1); } finally { if (in != null) { try { in.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } int ceilingDisplayList = glGenLists(1); glNewList(ceilingDisplayList, GL_COMPILE); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(gridSize, ceilingHeight, gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, gridSize); glEnd(); glEndList(); int wallDisplayList = glGenLists(1); glNewList(wallDisplayList, GL_COMPILE); glBegin(GL_QUADS); // North wall glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); // West wall glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, +gridSize); // East wall glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(+gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(+gridSize, floorHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(+gridSize, ceilingHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(+gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); // South wall glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(+gridSize, ceilingHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(+gridSize, floorHeight, +gridSize); glEnd(); glEndList(); int floorDisplayList = glGenLists(1); glNewList(floorDisplayList, GL_COMPILE); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(gridSize, floorHeight, gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glEnd(); glEndList();

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