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• Arbitrary projection matrix from 6 arbitrary frustum planes

  - by Doub

  A projection matrix represent a tranformation from the camera view space to the rendering system clip space. In other words, it defines the transormation between a 6-sided frustum to the clip cube. The glOrtho and glFrustum use only 6 parameter to define such a projection, but impose several constraints on the frustum that will get projected to the clip cube: the near and far planes are parallel, the left and right planes intersect on a vertical line, and the top and bottom planes intersect on a horizontal lines, both lines being parallel to the near and far planes. I'd like to lift these restrictions. So, from the definition of the 6 frustum side planes (in whatever representation you see fit), how can I compute a general projection matrix?

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• Where is a good spot to start when writing a LWJGL game engine?

  - by Alcionic

  I'm starting work on a huge game and somewhere along my train of thought I decided it would be a good idea to write my own engine for the game. I was originally going to use JMonkeyEngine but there were some things about it that just didn't work well with me. I wanted full control over every aspect of the entire process. Where would a good place to start be when writing your own engine? I have no experience with LWJGL but I learn quick. Either advice or some place where there is good advice would be nice. Thanks!

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• Texturize a shape of multiple triangles in 2D

  - by Deukalion

  This is an example of a shape consisting of multiple points, triangles and eventually a shape: Red Dots = Vector3 (X, Y, Z) or Vector2 (X, Y) If I have a Texture of a certain size, how do I texturize this area in the best way so that the texture inside the shape matches the shape and does not overlap anywhere? Perhaps also with a chance to scale the texture in case it's too small or to big for the shape, but still so that it gets rendered correctly. Do I treat the shape as a rectangle? Figure out it's 4 corners? Or do I calculate the distance between Center - (Texture Width / 2) and Point (to see how "many" times the texture can fit between on that axis to estimate at what Coordinates the Texture should be at that certain point? I've looked at Texture Mapping but haven't found any concrete examples that it explains it well, it's also confusing with 0.0-1.0 values for Texture Coordinates.

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• How to update entity states and animations in a component-based game

  - by mivic

  I'm trying to design a component-based entity system for learning purposes (and later use on some games) and I'm having some troubles when it comes to updating entity states. I don't want to have an update() method inside the Component to prevent dependencies between Components. What I currently have in mind is that components hold data and systems update components. So, if I have a simple 2D game with some entities (e.g. player, enemy1, enemy 2) that have Transform, Movement, State, Animation and Rendering components I think I should have: A MovementSystem that moves all the Movement components and updates the State components And a RenderSystem that updates the Animation components (the animation component should have one animation (i.e. a set of frames/textures) for each state and updating it means selecting the animation corresponding to the current state (e.g. jumping, moving_left, etc), and updating the frame index). Then, the RenderSystem updates the Render components with the texture corresponding to the current frame of each entity's Animation and renders everything on screen. I've seen some implementations like Artemis framework, but I don't know how to solve this situation: Let's say that my game has the following entities. Each entity have a set of states and one animation for each state: player: "idle", "moving_right", "jumping" enemy1: "moving_up", "moving_down" enemy2: "moving_left", "moving_right" What are the most accepted approaches in order to update the current state of each entity? The only thing that I can think of is having separate systems for each group of entities and separate State and Animation components so I would have PlayerState, PlayerAnimation, Enemy1State, Enemy1Animation... PlayerMovementSystem, PlayerRenderingSystem... but I think this is a bad solution and breaks the purpose of having a component-based system. As you can see, I'm quite lost here, so I'd very much appreciate any help.

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• How can I resolve component types in a way that supports adding new types relatively easily?

  - by John

  I am trying to build an Entity Component System for an interactive application developed using C++ and OpenGL. My question is quite simple. In my GameObject class I have a collection of Components. I can add and retrieve components. class GameObject: public Object { public: GameObject(std::string objectName); ~GameObject(void); Component * AddComponent(std::string name); Component * AddComponent(Component componentType); Component * GetComponent (std::string TypeName); Component * GetComponent (<Component Type Here>); private: std::map<std::string,Component*> m_components; }; I will have a collection of components that inherit from the base Components class. So if I have a meshRenderer component and would like to do the following GameObject * warship = new GameObject("myLovelyWarship"); MeshRenderer * meshRenderer = warship->AddComponent(MeshRenderer); or possibly MeshRenderer * meshRenderer = warship->AddComponent("MeshRenderer"); I could be make a Component Factory like this: class ComponentFactory { public: static Component * CreateComponent(const std::string &compTyp) { if(compTyp == "MeshRenderer") return new MeshRenderer; if(compTyp == "Collider") return new Collider; return NULL; } }; However, I feel like I should not have to keep updating the Component Factory every time I want to create a new custom Component but it is an option. Is there a more proper way to add and retrieve these components? Is standard templates another solution?

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• Direct2D Transform

  - by James

  I have a beginner question about Direct2D transforms. I have a 20 x 10 bitmap that I would like to draw in different orientations. To start, I would like to draw it vertically with a destination rectangle of say: (left, top, right, bottom) (300, 300, 310, 320) The bitmap is wider than it is tall (20 x 10), but when I draw it vertically, it will be appear taller than it is wide (10 x 20). I know that I can use a rotation matrix like so: m_pRenderTarget->SetTransform( D2D1::Matrix3x2F::Rotation( 90.0f, D2D1::Point2F(<center of shape>)) ); But when I use this method to rotate my shape, the destination rectangle is still wider than it is tall. Maybe it would look something like this: (left, top, right, bottom) (280, 290, 300, 300) The destination rectangle is 20 x 10 but the bitmap appears on the screen as 10 x 20. I can't look at the destination rectangle in the debugger and compare it to: (left, top, right, bottom) (300, 300, 310, 320) Is there any simple way to say "I want to rotate it so that the image is rendered to exactly this destination rectangle after the rotation?" In this case, I would like to say "Please rotate the bitmap so that it appears on the screen at this location:" (left, top, right, bottom) (300, 300, 310, 320) If I can't do that, is there any way to find out the 10 x 20 destination rectangle where the bitmap is actually being rendered to the screen?

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• Automatically zoom out the camera to show all players (XNA)

  - by user36159

  I am building a game in XNA that takes place in a rectangular arena. The game is multiplayer and each player may go where they like within the arena. The camera is a persepective camera that looks directly downwards. The camera should be automatically repositioned based on the game state. Currently, the xy position is a weighted sum of the xy positions of important entities. I would like the camera's z position to be calculated from the xy coordinates so that it zooms out to the point where all important entities are visible. My current approach is to: hw = the greatest x distance from the camera to an important entity hh = the greatest y distance from the camera to an important entity Calculate z = max(hw / tan(FoVx), hh / tan(FoVy)) My code seems to almost work as it should, but the resulting z values are always too low by a factor of about 4. Any ideas?

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• OpenGL Learning Material (that's up to date)

  - by Sauron

  So im sure there are topics on this, but alot of them list older material. And the last book: http://www.amazon.com/OpenGL-SuperBible-Comprehensive-Tutorial-Reference/dp/0321712617/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1346116133&sr=8-1&keywords=opengl REALLY REALLY disappointed me. I DO NOT want to use someone else's library to learn this stuff, that bothers me SOOO much. So I was hoping there was a newer book that goes into detail, and doesn't use some sort of library "Hiding" everything from you. Or should I just look at older material? If so....anything thats not "too" out of date. Terrain tutorials are a plus (that's kinda my "goal"). Thanks

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• 3D zooming technique to maintain the relative position of an object on screen

  - by stark

  Is it possible to zoom to a certain point on screen by modifying the field of view and rotating the view of the camera as to keep that point/object in the same place on screen while zooming ? Changing the camera position is not allowed. I projected the 3D pos of the object on screen and remembered it. Then on each frame I calculate the direction to it in camera space and then I construct a rotation matrix to align this direction to Z axis (in cam space). After this, I calculate the direction from the camera to the object in world space and transform this vector with the matrix I obtained earlier and then use this final vector as the camera's new direction. And it's actually "kinda working", the problem is that it is more/less off than the camera's rotation before starting to zoom depending on the area you are trying to zoom in (larger error on edges/corners). It looks acceptable, but I'm not settling for only this. Any suggestions/resources for doing this technique perfectly? If some of you want to explain the math in detail, be my guest, I can understand these things well.

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• Trying to figure out SDL pixel manipulation?

  - by NoobScratcher

  Hello so I've found code that plots a pixel in an SDL Screen Surface : void putpixels(int x, int y, int color) { unsigned int *ptr = (unsigned int*)Screen->pixels; int lineoffset = y * (Screen->pitch / 4 ); ptr[lineoffset + x ] = color; } But I have no idea what its actually doing here this is my thoughts. You make an unsigned integer to hold the unsigned int version of pixels then you make another integer to hold the line offset and it equals to multiply by pitch which is then divided by 4 ... Now why am I dividing it by 4 and what is the pitch and why do I multiply it?? Why must I change the lineoffset and add it to the x value then equal it to colors? I'm soo confused.. ;/ I found this function here - http://sol.gfxile.net/gp/ch02.html

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• Collision detection code style

  - by Marian Ivanov

  Not only there are two useful broad-phase algorithms and a lot of useful narrowphase algorithms, there are also multiple code styles. Arrays vs. calling Make an array of broadphase checks, then filter them with narrowphase checks, then resolve them. function resolveCollisions(thingyStructure * a,thingyStructure * b,int index){ possibleCollisions = getPossibleCollisions(b,a->get(index)); for(i=0; i<possibleCollitionsNumber; i++){ if(narrowphase(possibleCollisions[i],a[index])) { collisions->push(possibleCollisions[i]); }; }; for(i=0; i<collitionsNumber; i++){ //CODE FOR RESOLUTION }; }; Make the broadphase call the narrowphase, and the narrowphase call the resolution function resolveCollisions(thingyStructure * a,thingyStructure * b,int index){ broadphase(b,a->get(index)); }; function broadphase(thingy * with, thingy * what){ while(blah){ //blahcode narrowphase(what,collidingThing); }; }; Events vs. in-the-loop Fire an event. This abstracts the check away, but it's trickier to make an equal interaction. a[index] -> collisionEvent(eventdata); //much later int collisionEvent(eventdata){ //resolution gets here } Resolve the collision inside the loop. This glues narrowphase and resolution into one layer. if(narrowphase(possibleCollisions[i],a[index])) { //CODE GOES HERE }; The questions are: Which of the first two is better, and how am I supposed to make a zero-sum Newtonian interaction under B1.

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• Are there any good html 5 mmo design tutorials? [on hold]

  - by Dwight Spencer

  Hey all. I got a rather inspired after playing gaia online's zOMG and wanted to revive an old project idea I've had laying around for a few years now. I'm looking to work with html5 (ie canvas, svg based sprites, & WebGL) to build a graphical web based MUD/MMO. Obviously, this is a new take on an old idea and after searching google I haven't really turned up many good resources. But does anyone have any tutorials or other resources to point me in the right direction?

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• how to add water effect to an image

  - by brainydexter

  This is what I am trying to achieve: A given image would occupy say 3/4th height of the screen. The remaining 1/4th area would be a reflection of it with some waves (water effect) on it. I'm not sure how to do this. But here's my approach: render the given texture to another texture called mirror texture (maybe FBOs can help me?) invert mirror texture (scale it by -1 along Y) render mirror texture at height = 3/4 of the screen add some sense of noise to it OR using pixel shader and time, put pixel.z = sin(time) to make it wavy (Tech: C++/OpenGL/glsl) Is my approach correct ? Is there a better way to do this ? Also, can someone please recommend me if using FrameBuffer Objects would be the right thing here ? Thanks

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• How do display a "mucus spreading" effect in a 2D environment?

  - by nathan

  Here is an example of such a mucus spreading. The substance is spread around the source (in this example, the source would be the main alien building). The game is starcraft, the purple substance is called creep. How this kind of substance spreading would be achieved in a top down 2D environment? Recalculating the substance progression and regenerate the effect on the fly each frame or rather use a large collection of tiles or something else?

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• How do I get the child of a unique parent in ActionScript?

  - by Koen

  My question is about targeting a child with a unique parent. For example. Let's say I have a box people can move called box_mc and 3 platforms it can jump on called: Platform_1 Platform_2 Platform_3 All of these platforms have a child element called hit. Platform_1 Hit Platform_2 Hit Platform_3 Hit I use an array and a for each statement to detect if box_mc hits one of the platforms childs. var obj_arr:Array = [Platform_1, Platform_2, Platform_3]; for each(obj in obj_arr){ if(box_mc.hitTestObject(obj.hit)){ trace(obj + " " + obj.hit); box_mc.y = obj.hit.y - box_mc.height; } } obj seems to output the unique parent it is hitting but obj.hit ouputs hit, so my theory is that it is applying the change of y to all the childs called hit in the stage. Would it be possible to only detect the child of that specific parent?

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• XNA C# Rectangle Intersect Ball on a Square

  - by user2436057

  I made a Game like Peggle Deluxe using C# and XNA for lerning. I have 2 rectangles a ball and a square field. The ball gets shoot out with a cannon and if the Ball hits the Square the Square disapears and the Ball flys away.But the Ball doesent spring of realistically, it sometimes flys away in a different direction or gets stuck on the edge. Thads my Code at the moment: public void Update(Ball b, Deadline dl) { ArrayList listToDelete = new ArrayList(); foreach (Field aField in allFields) { if (aField.square.Intersects(b.ballhere)) { listToDelete.Add(aField); Punkte = Punkte + 100; float distanceX = Math.Abs(b.ballhere.X - aField.square.X); float distanceY = Math.Abs(b.ballhere.Y - aField.square.Y); if (distanceX < distanceY) { b.myMovement.X = -b.myMovement.X; } else { b.myMovement.Y = -b.myMovement.Y; } } } It changes the X or Y axis depending on how the ball hits the Square but not everytimes. What could cause the problem? Thanks for your answer. Greetings from Switzerland.

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• How do I know if my game's average game session time is too small?

  - by you786

  My game has only one life, and the aim is to stay alive as long as possible to get as many points as possible (it's an endless runner). Using Google Analytics I found that players are staying alive for an average of 17 seconds. I could easily increase or decrease this by manipulating acceleration or starting speed. The question is, should I change it at all? Is there any research or general ideas on the best playing time for a game like this? I would also like to know about any research about how long an ideal mobile game session should last.

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• Calculate gears rotation for a realtime simulation

  - by nkint

  Hi I'm trying to do a game with real time simulations of gears. There is a big Gear with inside a smaller gear. I managed to draw gears with different diameters but equal size teeth, but if i try to move the smaller one inside the bigger one the movement is odd. see the animated gif. the biggest gear is in center C1 and the small in the center C2. I calculate C2 position in this way: C2.x = C1.x + C1_RADIUS-C2_RADIUS) * cos(t); C2.y = C1.y - C1_RADIUS-C2_RADIUS) * sin(t); for t that goes from 0 to TWO_PI in n steps. I apply as rotation the angle t, but maybe it is wrong and i have to calculate another rotation for get a perfect joint

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• Zelda-style Top-down RPG. Storing data for each tile type

  - by Delerat

  I'm creating a Zelda-style RPG using Tiled, C#, and MonoGame. When my code parses the .tmx file, it will get a number to associate with each tile type based off of their position in the tile sheet. If I ever need to change my sprite sheet, this number will change for many of the tiles. How can I guarantee that when I parse my .tmx file, I will be able to know exactly what tile type I'm getting so that I can associate the proper data with it(transparency, animated, collision, etc.)?

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• 2D Grid based game - how should I draw grid lines?

  - by Adam K Dean

  I'm playing around with a 2D grid based game idea, and I am using sprites for the grid cells. Let's say there is a 10 x 10 grid and each cell is 48x48, which will have sprites drawn there. That is fine. But in design mode, I'd like to have a grid overlay the screen. I can do this either with sprites (2x600 pixel image etc) or with primitives, but which is best? Should I really be switching between sprites and 3d/2d rendering? Like so: Thanks!

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• Changing State in PlayerControler from PlayerInput

  - by Jeremy Talus

  In my player input I wanna change the the "State" of my player controller but I have some trouble to do it my player input is declared like that : class ResistancePlayerInput extends PlayerInput within ResistancePlayerController config(ResistancePlayerInput); and in my playerControler I have that : class ResistancePlayerController extends GamePlayerController; var name PreviousState; DefaultProperties { CameraClass = class 'ResistanceCamera' //Telling the player controller to use your custom camera script InputClass = class'ResistanceGame.ResistancePlayerInput' DefaultFOV = 90.f //Telling the player controller what the default field of view (FOV) should be } simulated event PostBeginPlay() { Super.PostBeginPlay(); } auto state Walking { event BeginState(name PreviousStateName) { Pawn.GroundSpeed = 200; `log("Player Walking"); } } state Running extends Walking { event BeginState(name PreviousStateName) { Pawn.GroundSpeed = 350; `log("Player Running"); } } state Sprinting extends Walking { event BeginState(name PreviousStateName) { Pawn.GroundSpeed = 800; `log("Player Sprinting"); } } I have tried to use PCOwner.GotoState(); and ResistancePlayerController(PCOwner).GotoState(); but won't work. I have also tried a simple GotoState, and nothing happen how can I call GotoState for the PC Class from my player input ?

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• Running multiple box2D world objects on a server

  - by CharbelAbdo

  I'm creating a multiplayer game using LibGdx (with Box2d) and Kryonet. Since this is the first time I work on multiplayer games, I read a bit about server - client implementations, and it turns out that the server should handle important tasks like collision detection, hits, characters dying etc... Based on some articles (like the excellent Gabriel Gambetta Fast paced multiplayer series), I also know that the client should work in parallel to avoid the lag while the server responds to commands. Physics wise, each game will have 2 players, and any projectiles fired. What I'm thinking of doing is the following: Create a physics world on the client When the game is signaled to start, I create the same physics world on the server (without any rendering obviously). Whenever the player issues a command (move or fire), I send the command to the server and immediately start processing it on the client. When the server receives the command, it applies it on the server's world (set velocity etc...) Each 100ms, the server sends the new state to the client which corrects what was calculated locally. Any critical action (hit, death, level up) is calculated only on the server and sent to the client. Essentially, I would have a Box2d World object running on the server for each game in progress, in sync with the worlds running on the clients. The alternative would be to do my own calculations on the server instead of relying on Box2D to do them for me, but I'm trying to avoid that. My question is: Is it wise to have, for example, 1000 instances of the World object running and executing steps on the server? Tomcat used around 750 MBytes of memory when trying it without any object added to the world. Anybody tried that before? If not, is there any alternative? Google did not help me, are there any guidelines to use when you want to have physics on both the client and the server? Thanks for any help.

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• (libgdx) Button doesn't work

  - by StercoreCode

  At the game I choose StopScreen. At this screen displays button. But if I click it - it doesn't work. What I expect - when I press button it must restart game. At this stage must display at least a message that the button is pressed. I tried to create new and clear project. Main class implement ApplicationListener. I put the same code in the appropriate methods. And it's works! But if i create this button in my game - it doesn't work. When i play and go to the StopScreen, i saw button. But if i click, or touch, nothing happens. I think that the proplem at the InputListener, although i set the stage as InputProcessor. Gdx.input.setInputProcessor(stage); I also try to addListener for Button as ClickListener. But it gave no results. Or it maybe problem that i implements Screen method - not ApplicationListener or Game. But if StopScreen implement ApplicationListener, at the mainGame I can't to setScreen. Just interests question: why button displays but nothing happens to it? Here is the code of StopScreen if it helps find my mistake: public class StopScreen implements Screen{ private OrthographicCamera camera; private SpriteBatch batch; public Stage stage; //** stage holds the Button **// private BitmapFont font; //** same as that used in Tut 7 **// private TextureAtlas buttonsAtlas; //** image of buttons **// private Skin buttonSkin; //** images are used as skins of the button **// public TextButton button; //** the button - the only actor in program **// public StopScreen(CurrusGame currusGame) { camera = new OrthographicCamera(); camera.setToOrtho(false, 800, 480); batch = new SpriteBatch(); buttonsAtlas = new TextureAtlas("button.pack"); //** button atlas image **// buttonSkin = new Skin(); buttonSkin.addRegions(buttonsAtlas); //** skins for on and off **// font = AssetLoader.font; //** font **// stage = new Stage(); stage.clear(); Gdx.input.setInputProcessor(stage); TextButton.TextButtonStyle style = new TextButton.TextButtonStyle(); style.up = buttonSkin.getDrawable("ButtonOff"); style.down = buttonSkin.getDrawable("ButtonOn"); style.font = font; button = new TextButton("PRESS ME", style); //** Button text and style **// button.setPosition(100, 100); //** Button location **// button.setHeight(100); //** Button Height **// button.setWidth(100); //** Button Width **// button.addListener(new InputListener() { public boolean touchDown(InputEvent event, float x, float y, int pointer, int button) { Gdx.app.log("my app", "Pressed"); return true; } public void touchUp(InputEvent event, float x, float y, int pointer, int button) { Gdx.app.log("my app", "Released"); } }); stage.addActor(button); } @Override public void render(float delta) { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 1, 0, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); stage.act(); batch.setProjectionMatrix(camera.combined); batch.begin(); stage.draw(); batch.end(); }

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• How do I implement movement in a WPF Adventure game?

  - by ZeroPhase

  I'm working on making a short WPF adventure game. The only major hurdle I have right now is how to animate objects on the screen correctly. I've experimented with DoubleAnimation and ThicknessAnimation both enable movement of the character, but the speed is a bit erratic. The objects I'm trying to move around are labels in a grid, I'm checking the mouse's position in terms of the canvas I have the grid in. Does anyone have any suggestions for coding the movement, while still allowing mouse clicks to pick up items when needed? It would be nice if I could continue using the Visual Studio GUI Editor. By the way, I'm fine with scrapping labels in a grid for a more ideal object to manipulate. Here's my movement code: ThicknessAnimation ta = new ThicknessAnimation(); The event handling movement: private void Hansel_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e) { ta.FillBehavior = FillBehavior.HoldEnd; ta.From = Hansel.Margin; double newX = Mouse.GetPosition(PlayArea).X; double newY = Mouse.GetPosition(PlayArea).Y; if (newX < Convert.ToDouble(Hansel.Margin.Left)) { //newX = -1 * newX; ta.To = new Thickness(0, newY, newX, 0); } else if (newY < Convert.ToDouble(Hansel.Margin.Top)) { newY = -1 * newY; } else { ta.To = new Thickness(newX, newY, 0, 0); } ta.Duration = new Duration(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2)); Hansel.BeginAnimation(Grid.MarginProperty, ta); } ScreenShot with annotations: http://i1118.photobucket.com/albums/k608/sealclubberr/clickToMove_zps9d4a33cc.png ScreenShot with example movement: http://i1118.photobucket.com/albums/k608/sealclubberr/clickToMove_zps51f2359f.jpg

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• DX11 - Weird shader behavior with and without branching

  - by Martin Perry

  I have found problem in my shader code, which I dont´t know how to solve. I want to rewrite this code without "ifs" tmp = evaluate and result is 0 or 1 (nothing else) if (tmp == 1) val = X1; if (tmp == 0) val = X2; I rewite it this way, but this piece of code doesn ´t word correctly tmp = evaluate and result is 0 or 1 (nothing else) val = tmp * X1 val = !tmp * X2 However if I change it to: tmp = evaluate and result is 0 or 1 (nothing else) val = tmp * X1 if (!tmp) val = !tmp * X2 It works fine... but it is useless because of "if", which need to be eliminated I honestly don´t understand it Posted Image . I tried compilation with NO and FULL optimalization, result is same

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