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  • How good is the memory mapped Circular Buffer on Wikipedia?

    - by abroun
    I'm trying to implement a circular buffer in C, and have come across this example on Wikipedia. It looks as if it would provide a really nice interface for anyone reading from the buffer, as reads which wrap around from the end to the beginning of the buffer are handled automatically. So all reads are contiguous. However, I'm a bit unsure about using it straight away as I don't really have much experience with memory mapping or virtual memory and I'm not sure that I fully understand what it's doing. What I think I understand is that it's mapping a shared memory file the size of the buffer into memory twice. Then, whenever data is written into the buffer it appears in memory in 2 places at once. This allows all reads to be contiguous. What would be really great is if someone with more experience of POSIX memory mapping could have a quick look at the code and tell me if the underlying mechanism used is really that efficient. Am I right in thinking for example that the file in /dev/shm used for the shared memory always stays in RAM or could it get written to the hard drive (performance hit) at some point? Are there any gotchas I should be aware of? As it stands, I'm probably going to use a simpler method for my current project, but it'd be good to understand this to have it in my toolbox for the future. Thanks in advance for your time.

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  • Skip Lists -- ever used them?

    - by Head Geek
    I'm wondering whether anyone here has ever used a skip list. It looks to have roughly the same advantages as a balanced binary tree, but is simpler to implement. If you have, did you write your own, or use a pre-written library (and if so, what was its name)?

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  • PHP: How to automate building a 100 <UL>/<LI> menuitems, while keeping the Menu Structure File Flat / Simply Managable?

    - by Sam
    Above: current "stupid" menu. (entire ul/li menu for javascript menu system) + (some li lines as page-specific submenu) Hi folks! With passion for automation and elegancy, but limited knowledge/knowhow, im stuck with "my hands in my hair" as we Dutch say, for my current menu system works perfectly, but is a pain in the a*s to update! So, i would appreciate it greatly, if you can suggest how to automate this in php: how to let the php generate the html menu code basing on a flat menu input file with TABS indented. OLD SITUATION <ul> <!-- about 100 of these <li>....</li> lines --> <li><a href="carrot.php"><p class="mnu" style="background-position:0 -820px"><? echo __("carrot juice") ?></p></a></li> <!-- lots of data, with only little bit thats really the menu itself--> </ul a javascript file reads a ul/li structure as input to build menu of format in that ul/li, the items with a hyperlink and sprite-bg position represent webpages, (inside LI) while items without hyperlink and sprite-bg are just headers of that menusection, (inside H6) to highlight the current page in the menu, the javascript menumaker uses an id number. this number corresponds to the consequtive li that is a webpage, skips h6 headers correctly. these h6 headers are only there for when importing sections of the same menu as submenu. non-li headers are not shown in menu, nore counted by the javascript menu for their ID. to know which page should be shown, i have to count from ID 0, the li items till finding the current webpage in the li structure and then manually put it in each webpage! BUT: changing an item in li order, means stupidly re-counting their entire li again! each webpage has an icon (= sprite bg-position numer), which is also used in the webpage. INTENDED RESULT I dream of, once setting what the current webpage is (e.g carrot.php) the menu system automatically "finds" and "counts" the li's and returns the id nr (for proper highlight of main menu); generates the entire menu html, and depending on which headings are set for submenu, (e.g. meals, drinks) generates those submenu (entire section below each given header); ginally adds h5 highlight inside the li of that submenu item. For the menu, i wish an easily readable, simple plain txt menu that is indented with tabs, (each tab is one depth for example) and further tabs follow for url and sprite position of icon. MY DREAM MENU-MANAGEMENT FILE |>TAB SEPARATED/INDENTED FLATMENU FILE |MUST BE CALCULATED BY PHP: |>MENUTEXT============URL=============SPRITE=====|ID===TAG================== |>about "#" -520 |00 li |> INFORMATION |—— h6 |> physical state "physical.php" -920 |01 li |> mental health "mental.php" -10 |02 li |> |>apetite "#" -1290 |03 li |> meals "#" -600 |04 li |> COLD MEAL |—— h6 |> egg salade "salad.php" -1040 |05 li |> salmon fish "salmon.php" -540 |06 li |> HOT MEAL |—— h6 |> spare ribs "spareribs.php" -120 |07 li |> di macaroni "macaroni.php" -870 |08 li |> |> drinks "#" -230 |09 li |> JUCY DRINK |—— h6 |> carrot juice "carrot.php" -820 |10 li |> mango hive "mango.php" -270 |11 li DESIRED CHRONOLOGY php outputs the entire ul/li html so the javascript can show the menu: webpage items go inside li tags, and header items go inside h6 tags, e.g. <h6>JUCY DRINK</h6> Each website page has a url filename [eg: salad.php]. Based on this given fact, the php menu generator detects the pagename, gives the IDnr of the position of that page according to the li-item nr and sets variable for javascript to highlight current menu item. the menu items below the specified headers are loaded as submenu in which the current page.php is wrapped inside h5 to highlight current page in submenu: e.g. (<li><h5><a href="carrot.php"><p>..etc..</p></h5></li> Question Which methods / steps / (chronological)ways are there for doing this? I am no good in php programming, but am learning it so please dont write any code without a line of comment why I should use that method etc. Where do I start? If I am unclear in my question, please ask. Thanks. Much appreciated!! Concrete Task List from the provided Comments/Answers, sofar: (RobertB) First, get some PHP code working that can read through a tab-delimited file and put the data into an appropriate data structure. NOW WORKING AT THIS

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  • Custom server control disappears from page when UpdatePanel updates

    - by Sasha
    Hi all. I created a custom asp.net server control. It works fine on a regular asp.net page and as a DOM object inside of the browser. But I've never used the UpdatePanel before and now I'm trying to make sure that this control works there as well. It doesn't. If I add my control to the page outside of an update panel and click some panel's inside button (trigger), everything works fine. But if I place my control inside of update panel and click that button again, the control "disappears" from the page completely. I still can see my control in javascript debugger and the update, meaning that the object itself is still in DOM. It looks like the panel just "hides" the outer div element of my control for some reason. I tried to call panel's Update() method on button click handler, set panel's UpdateMode to both Conditional and Always. All with the same result. How can I fix that? Thank you!

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  • Reading a C/C++ data structure in C# from a byte array

    - by Chris Miller
    What would be the best way to fill a C# struct from a byte[] array where the data was from a C/C++ struct? The C struct would look something like this (my C is very rusty): typedef OldStuff { CHAR Name[8]; UInt32 User; CHAR Location[8]; UInt32 TimeStamp; UInt32 Sequence; CHAR Tracking[16]; CHAR Filler[12];} And would fill something like this: [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Size = 56, Pack = 1)]public struct NewStuff{ [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 8)] [FieldOffset(0)] public string Name; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)] [FieldOffset(8)] public uint User; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 8)] [FieldOffset(12)] public string Location; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)] [FieldOffset(20)] public uint TimeStamp; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U4)] [FieldOffset(24)] public uint Sequence; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 16)] [FieldOffset(28)] public string Tracking;} What is best way to copy OldStuff to NewStuff, if OldStuff was passed as byte[] array? I'm currently doing something like the following, but it feels kind of clunky. GCHandle handle;NewStuff MyStuff;int BufferSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(NewStuff));byte[] buff = new byte[BufferSize];Array.Copy(SomeByteArray, 0, buff, 0, BufferSize);handle = GCHandle.Alloc(buff, GCHandleType.Pinned);MyStuff = (NewStuff)Marshal.PtrToStructure(handle.AddrOfPinnedObject(), typeof(NewStuff));handle.Free(); Is there better way to accomplish this?

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  • C++ priority queue structure used ?

    - by John Retallack
    While searching for some functions in C++ STL documentation I read that push and pop for priority queues needs constant time. "Constant (in the priority_queue). Although notice that push_heap operates in logarithmic time." My question is what kind of data structure is used to mantain a priority queue with O(1) for push and pop ?

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  • Huge Graph Structure

    - by Harph
    I'm developing an application in which I need a structure for represent a huge graph (between 1000000 and 6000000 nodes and 100 or 600 edges) in memory. The edges representation will contain some attribute of the relation. I have tried a memory map representation, arrays, dictionaries and string for represent that structure in memory, but this always crash because the memory limit. I would to get an advice of how can I represent this, or something similar. By the way, I'm using python.

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  • Ref to map vs. map to refs vs. multiple refs

    - by mikera
    I'm working on a GUI application in Swing+Clojure that requires various mutable pieces of data (e.g. scroll position, user data, filename, selected tool options etc.). I can see at least three different ways of handling this set of data: Create a ref to a map of all the data: (def data (ref { :filename "filename.xml" :scroll [0 0] })) Create a map of refs to the individual data elements: (def datamap { :filename (ref "filename.xml") :scroll (ref [0 0]) })) Create a separate ref for each in the namespace: (def scroll (ref [0 0])) (def filename (ref "filename.xml")) Note: This data will be accessed concurrently, e.g. by background processing threads or the Swing event handling thread. However there probably isn't a need for consistent transactional updates of multiple elements. What would be your recommended approach and why?

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  • Why can't RB-Tree be a list?

    - by Alex
    Hey everyone. I have a problem with the rb-trees. according to wikipedia, rb-tree needs to follow the following: A node is either red or black. The root is black. (This rule is used in some definitions and not others. Since the root can always be changed from red to black but not necessarily vice-versa this rule has little effect on analysis.) All leaves are black. Both children of every red node are black. Every simple path from a given node to any of its descendant leaves contains the same number of black nodes. As we know, an rb-tree needs to be balanced and has the height of O(log(n)). But, if we insert an increasing series of numbers (1,2,3,4,5...) and theoretically we will get a tree that will look like a list and will have the height of O(n) with all its nodes black, which doesn't contradict the rb-tree properties mentioned above. So, where am I wrong?? thanks.

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  • Effecient data structure design

    - by Sway
    Hi there, I need to match a series of user inputed words against a large dictionary of words (to ensure the entered value exists). So if the user entered: "orange" it should match an entry "orange' in the dictionary. Now the catch is that the user can also enter a wildcard or series of wildcard characters like say "or__ge" which would also match "orange" The key requirements are: * this should be as fast as possible. * use the smallest amount of memory to achieve it. If the size of the word list was small I could use a string containing all the words and use regular expressions. however given that the word list could contain potentially hundreds of thousands of enteries I'm assuming this wouldn't work. So is some sort of 'tree' be the way to go for this...? Any thoughts or suggestions on this would be totally appreciated! Thanks in advance, Matt

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  • What's the best way of using a pair (triple, etc) of values as one value in C#?

    - by Yacoder
    That is, I'd like to have a tuple of values. The use case on my mind: Dictionary<Pair<string, int>, object> or Dictionary<Triple<string, int, int>, object> Are there built-in types like Pair or Triple? Or what's the best way of implementing it? Update There are some general-purpose tuples implementations described in the answers, but for tuples used as keys in dictionaries you should additionaly verify correct calculation of the hash code. Some more info on that in another question. Update 2 I guess it is also worth reminding, that when you use some value as a key in dictionary, it should be immutable.

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  • How to store and remove dynamically and automatic variable of generic data type in custum list data

    - by Vineel Kumar Reddy
    Hi I have created a List data structure implementation for generic data type with each node declared as following. struct Node { void *data; .... .... } So each node in my list will have pointer to the actual data(generic could be anything) item that should be stored in the list. I have following signature for adding a node to the list AddNode(struct List *list, void* eledata); the problem is when i want to remove a node i want to free even the data block pointed by *data pointer inside the node structure that is going to be freed. at first freeing of datablock seems to be straight forward free(data) // forget about the syntax..... But if data is pointing to a block created by malloc then the above call is fine....and we can free that block using free function int *x = (int*) malloc(sizeof(int)); *x = 10; AddNode(list,(void*)x); // x can be freed as it was created using malloc what if a node is created as following int x = 10; AddNode(list,(void*)&x); // x cannot be freed as it was not created using malloc Here we cannot call free on variable x!!!! How do i know or implement the functionality for both dynamically allocated variables and static ones....that are passed to my list.... Thanks in advance...

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  • How to find longest common substring using trees?

    - by user384706
    The longest common substring problem according to wiki can be solved using a suffix tree. From wiki: The longest common substrings of a set of strings can be found by building a generalised suffix tree for the strings, and then finding the deepest internal nodes which have leaf nodes from all the strings in the subtree below it I don't get this. Example: if I have: ABCDE and XABCZ then the suffix tree is (some branches from XABCZ omitted due to space): The longest common substring is ABC but it is not I can not see how the description of wiki helps here. ABC is not the deepest internal nodes with leaf nodes. Any help to understand how this works?

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  • Binary search in rotated sorted list

    - by Algorist
    I am having a sorted list which is rotated and I would like to do a binary search on that list to find the minimum element. Lets suppose initial list is {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} rotated list can be like {5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4} Normal binary search doesn't work in this case. Any idea how to do this.

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  • A balanced binary search tree which is also a heap

    - by saeedn
    I'm looking for a data structure where each element in it has two keys. With one of them the structure is a BST and looking at the other one, data structure is a heap. With a little search, I found a structure called Treap. It uses the heap property with a random distribution on heap keys to make the BST balanced! What I want is a Balanced BST, which can be also a heap. The BST in Treap could be unbalanced if I insert elements with heap Key in the order of my choice. Is there such a data structure?

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  • Why increase pointer by two while finding loop in linked list, why not 3,4,5?

    - by GG
    I had a look at question already which talk about algorithm to find loop in a linked list. I have read Floyd's cycle-finding algorithm solution, mentioned at lot of places that we have to take two pointers. One pointer( slower/tortoise ) is increased by one and other pointer( faster/hare ) is increased by 2. When they are equal we find the loop and if faster pointer reaches null there is no loop in the linked list. Now my question is why we increase faster pointer by 2. Why not something else? Increasing by 2 is necessary or we can increase it by X to get the result. Is it necessary that we will find a loop if we increment faster pointer by 2 or there can be the case where we need to increment by 3 or 5 or x.

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  • K-nearest neighbour with closed-loop dimensions

    - by Tomas
    Hi, I've got a K-nearest neighbour problem where some of the dimensions are closed loops. For example one is 'time of day' and I'm matching for similarity so 'very early morning' is close to 'late evening', you can't just make it a linear scale from 'very early morning' at one end to 'late evening' at the other. How can I represent this in the data model? Is there an established way to handle this or a way to work around it?

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  • [BST] Deletion procedure

    - by Metz
    Hi all. Consider the deletion procedure on a BST, when the node to delete has two children. Let's say i always replace it with the node holding the minimum key in its right subtree. The question is: is this procedure commutative? That is, deleting x and then y has the same result than deleting first y and then x? I think the answer is no, but i can't find a counterexample, nor figure out any valid reasoning. Thank you. EDIT: Maybe i've got to be clearer. Consider the transplant(node x, node y) procedure: it replace x with y (and its subtree). So, if i want to delete a node (say x) which has two children i replace it with the node holding the minimum key in its right subtree: y = minimum(x.right) transplant(y, y.right) // extracts the minimum (it doesn't have left child) y.right = x.right y.left = x.left transplant(x,y) The question was how to prove the procedure above is not commutative.

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  • How do I output the preorder traversal of a tree given the inorder and postorder tranversal?

    - by user342580
    Given the code for outputing the postorder traversal of a tree when I have the preorder and the inorder traversal in an interger array. How do I similarily get the preorder with the inorder and postorder array given? void postorder( int preorder[], int prestart, int inorder[], int inostart, int length) { if(length==0) return; //terminating condition int i; for(i=inostart; i<inostart+length; i++) if(preorder[prestart]==inorder[i])//break when found root in inorder array break; postorder(preorder, prestart+1, inorder, inostart, i-inostart); postorder(preorder, prestart+i-inostart+1, inorder, i+1, length-i+inostart-1); cout<<preorder[prestart]<<" "; } Here is the prototype for preorder() void preorder( int inorderorder[], int inostart, int postorder[], int poststart, int length)

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  • Is there a module that implements an efficient array type in Erlang?

    - by dsmith
    I have been looking for an array type with the following characteristics in Erlang. append(vector(), term()) O(1) nth(Idx, vector()) O(1) set(Idx, vector(), term()) O(1) insert(Idx, vector(), term()) O(N) remove(Idx, vector()) O(N) I normally use a tuple for this purpose, but the performance characteristics are not what I would want for large N. My testing shows the following performance characteristics... erlang:append_element/2 O(N). erlang:setelement/3 O(N). I have started on a module based on the clojure.lang.PersistentVector implementation, but if it's already been done I won't reinvent the wheel.

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  • about Sorting Algorithms

    - by matin1234
    Hi I want to know that we always use Sorting algorithm like (Insertion Sort or Merge Sort,...) just for lists and arrays?? and we do not use these algorithms for stack or queue ??? thanks

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