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  • How to get address of va_arg?

    - by lionbest
    I hack some old C API and i got a compile error with the following code: void OP_Exec( OP* op , ... ) { int i; va_list vl; va_start(vl,op); for( i = 0; i < op->param_count; ++i ) { switch( op->param_type[i] ) { case OP_PCHAR: op->param_buffer[i] = va_arg(vl,char*); // ok it works break; case OP_INT: op->param_buffer[i] = &va_arg(vl,int); // error here break; // ... more here } } op->pexec(op); va_end(vl); } The error with gcc version 4.4.1 (Ubuntu 4.4.1-4ubuntu9) was: main.c|55|error: lvalue required as unary ‘&’ operand So why exactly it's not possible here to get a pointer to argument? How to fix it? This code is executed very often with different OP*, so i prefer to not allocate extra memory. Is it possible to iterate over va_list knowing only the size of arguments?

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  • Segmentation fault in C recursive Combination (nCr)

    - by AruniRC
    PLease help me out here. The program is supposed to recursively find out the combination of two numbers. nCr = n!/ (r!(n-r)! ). I'm getting this error message when i compile it on GCC. Here's what the terminal shows: Enter two numbers: 8 4 Segmentation fault (Program exited with code:139) The code is given here: #include<stdio.h> float nCr(float, float, float); int main() { float a, b, c; printf("Enter two numbers: \n"); scanf("%f%f", &a, &b); c = nCr(a, b, a-b); printf("\n%.3f", c); return 0; } float nCr(float n, float r, float p) { if(n<1) return (1/(p*r))*(nCr(1, r-1, p-1)); if(r<1) return (n/(p*1))*(nCr(n-1, 1, p-1)); if(p<1) return (n/r)*(nCr(n-1, r-1, 1)); return ( n/(p*r) )*nCr(n-1, r-1, p-1); }

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  • Constraint to array dimension in C language

    - by Summer_More_More_Tea
    int KMP( const char *original, int o_len, const char *substring, int s_len ){ if( o_len < s_len ) return -1; int k = 0; int cur = 1; int fail[ s_len ]; fail[ k ] = -1; while( cur < s_len ){ k = cur - 1; do{ if( substring[ cur ] == substring[ k ] ){ fail[ cur ] = k; break; }else{ k = fail[ k ] + 1; } }while( k ); if( !k && ( substring[ cur ] != substring[ 0 ] ) ){ fail[ cur ] = -1; }else if( !k ){ fail[ cur ] = 0; } cur++; } k = 0; cur = 0; while( ( k < s_len ) && ( cur < o_len ) ){ if( original[ cur ] == substring[ k ] ){ cur++; k++; }else{ if( k == 0 ){ cur++; }else{ k = fail[ k - 1 ] + 1; } } } if( k == s_len ) return cur - k; else return -1; } This is a KMP algorithm I once coded. When I reviewed it this morning, I find it strange that an integer array is defined as int fail[ s_len ]. Does the specification requires dimesion of arrays compile-time constant? How can this code pass the compilation? By the way, my gcc version is 4.4.1. Thanks in advance!

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  • Where can I find BLAS example code (in Fortran)?

    - by Feynman
    I have been searching for decent documentation on blas, and I have found some 315 pages of dense material that ctrl-f does not work on. It provides all the information regarding what input arguments the routines take, but there are a LOT of input arguments and I could really use some example code. I am unable to locate any. I know there has to be some or no one would be able to use these libraries! Specifically, I use ATLAS installed via macports on a mac osx 10.5.8 and I use gfortran from gcc 4.4 (also installed via macports). I am coding in Fortran 90. I am still quite new to Fortran, but I have a fair amount of experience with mathematica, matlab, perl, and shell scripting. I would like to be able to initialize and multiply a dense complex vector by a dense symmetric (but not hermitian) complex matrix. The elements of the matrix are defined through a mathematical function of the indices--call it f(i,j). Could anyone provide some code or a link to some code?

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  • building a gl3 app under cygwin

    - by user445264
    i've got a small opengl 3.2 app that i've been developing on linux using the standard gnu tools (gmake/gcc). the code seems pretty portable--i had no problems running it on osx until i started using gl3 features that the mac mini gl drivers don't seem to support. i've got a bootcamp partition with windows xp on the same mini, and i'd like to run my app there if possible. the windows drivers definitely support gl 3.2, but i'm having trouble linking. this seems like a really common issue, but i haven't found any answers online that address using opengl 1.2 under cygwin. i'm using glew-1.5.5 and linking like so: g++ -o glToy *.o -L/cygdrive/c/Program\ Files/glew-1.5.5/lib -lglew32 -lglut32 -lglu32 -lopengl32 but i get a whole lot of this sort of output: Program.o:/home/Jacob/glToy/Program.cpp:134: undefined reference to `__imp____glewUseProgram' Program.o:/home/Jacob/glToy/Program.cpp:235: undefined reference to `__imp____glewActiveTexture' Program.o:/home/Jacob/glToy/Program.cpp:73: undefined reference to `__imp____glewGetShaderiv' ... any ideas what i'm doing wrong? or perhaps this isn't a workable setup? other ideas for getting this going on the mac mini (2009 version)? thanks!

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  • What C++ templates issue is going on with this error?

    - by WilliamKF
    Running gcc v3.4.6 on the Botan v1.8.8 I get the following compile time error building my application after successfully building Botan and running its self test: ../../src/Botan-1.8.8/build/include/botan/secmem.h: In member function `Botan::MemoryVector<T>& Botan::MemoryVector<T>::operator=(const Botan::MemoryRegion<T>&)': ../../src/Botan-1.8.8/build/include/botan/secmem.h:310: error: missing template arguments before '(' token What is this compiler error telling me? Here is a snippet of secmem.h that includes line 130: [...] /** * This class represents variable length buffers that do not * make use of memory locking. */ template<typename T> class MemoryVector : public MemoryRegion<T> { public: /** * Copy the contents of another buffer into this buffer. * @param in the buffer to copy the contents from * @return a reference to *this */ MemoryVector<T>& operator=(const MemoryRegion<T>& in) { if(this != &in) set(in); return (*this); } // This is line 130! [...]

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  • pythonpath issue? "python2.5: can't open file 'dev_appserver.py': [Errno 2] No such file or director

    - by Linc
    I added this line to my .bashrc (Ubuntu 9.10): export PYTHONPATH=/opt/google_appengine/ And then I ran the dev_appserver through python2.5 on Ubuntu like this: $ python2.5 dev_appserver.py guestbook/ python2.5: can't open file 'dev_appserver.py': [Errno 2] No such file or directory As you can see, it can't find dev_appserver.py even though it's in my /opt/google_appengine/ directory. Just to make sure it's not a permissions issue I did this: sudo chmod a+rwx dev_appserver.py To check whether it's been added to the system path for python2.5 I did this: $ python2.5 Python 2.5.5 (r255:77872, Apr 29 2010, 23:59:20) [GCC 4.4.1] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import sys >>> for line in sys.path: print line ... /usr/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c9-py2.5.egg /opt/google_appengine/demos /opt/google_appengine /usr/local/lib/python25.zip ... The directory shows up in this list so I don't understand why it can't be found when I type: $ python2.5 dev_appserver.py guestbook/ I'm new to Python so I would appreciate any help. Thanks.

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  • Char C question about encoding signed/unsigned.

    - by drigoSkalWalker
    Hi guys. I read that C not define if a char is signed or unsigned, and in GCC page this says that it can be signed on x86 and unsigned in PowerPPC and ARM. Okey, I'm writing a program with GLIB that define char as gchar (not more than it, only a way for standardization). My question is, what about UTF-8? It use more than an block of memory? Say that I have a variable unsigned char *string = "My string with UTF8 enconding ~ çã"; See, if I declare my variable as unsigned I will have only 127 values (so my program will to store more blocks of mem) or the UTF-8 change to negative too? Sorry if I can't explain it correctly, but I think that i is a bit complex. NOTE: Thanks for all answer I don't understand how it is interpreted normally. I think that like ascii, if I have a signed and unsigned char on my program, the strings have diferently values, and it leads to confuse, imagine it in utf8 so.

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  • Compilation problem in the standard x86_64 libraries

    - by user350282
    Hi everyone, I am having trouble compiling a program I have written. I have two different files with the same includes but only one generates the following error when compiled with g++ /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.4.1/../../../../lib/crt1.o: In function `_start': /build/buildd/eglibc-2.10.1/csu/../sysdeps/x86_64/elf/start.S:109: undefined reference to `main' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status The files I am including in my header are as follows: #include <google/sparse_hash_map> using google::sparse_hash_map; #include <ext/hash_map> #include <math.h> #include <iostream> #include <queue> #include <vector> #include <stack> using std::priority_queue; using std::stack; using std::vector; using __gnu_cxx::hash_map; using __gnu_cxx::hash; using namespace std; Searching the internet for those two lines hasn't resulted in anything to help me. I would be very grateful for any advice. Thank you

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  • why i^=j^=i^=j isn't equal to *i^=*j^=*i^=*j

    - by klvoek
    In c , when there is variables (assume both as int) i less than j , we can use the equation i^=j^=i^=j to exchange the value of the two variables. For example, let int i = 3, j = 5; after computed i^=j^=i^=j, I got i = 5, j = 3 . What is so amazing to me. But, if i use two int pointers to re-do this , with *i^=*j^=*i^=*j , use the example above what i got will be i = 0 and j = 3. Then, describe it simply: In C 1 int i=3, j=5; i^=j^=i^=j; // after this i = 5, j=3 2 int i = 3, j= 5; int *pi = &i, *pj = &j; *pi^=*pj^=*pi^=*pj; // after this, $pi = 0, *pj = 5 In JavaScript var i=3, j=5; i^=j^=i^=j; // after this, i = 0, j= 3 the result in JavaScript makes this more interesting to me my sample code , on ubuntu server 11.0 & gcc #include <stdio.h> int main(){ int i=7, j=9; int *pi=&i, *pj=&j; i^=j^=i^=j; printf("i=%d j=%d\n", i, j); i=7, j==9; *pi^=*pj^=*pi^=*pj printf("i=%d j=%d\n", *pi, *pj); } however, i had spent hours to test and find out why, but nothing means. So, please help me. Or, just only i made some mistake???

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  • What limits scaling in this simple OpenMP program?

    - by Douglas B. Staple
    I'm trying to understand limits to parallelization on a 48-core system (4xAMD Opteron 6348, 2.8 Ghz, 12 cores per CPU). I wrote this tiny OpenMP code to test the speedup in what I thought would be the best possible situation (the task is embarrassingly parallel): // Compile with: gcc scaling.c -std=c99 -fopenmp -O3 #include <stdio.h> #include <stdint.h> int main(){ const uint64_t umin=1; const uint64_t umax=10000000000LL; double sum=0.; #pragma omp parallel for reduction(+:sum) for(uint64_t u=umin; u<umax; u++) sum+=1./u/u; printf("%e\n", sum); } I was surprised to find that the scaling is highly nonlinear. It takes about 2.9s for the code to run with 48 threads, 3.1s with 36 threads, 3.7s with 24 threads, 4.9s with 12 threads, and 57s for the code to run with 1 thread. Unfortunately I have to say that there is one process running on the computer using 100% of one core, so that might be affecting it. It's not my process, so I can't end it to test the difference, but somehow I doubt that's making the difference between a 19~20x speedup and the ideal 48x speedup. To make sure it wasn't an OpenMP issue, I ran two copies of the program at the same time with 24 threads each (one with umin=1, umax=5000000000, and the other with umin=5000000000, umax=10000000000). In that case both copies of the program finish after 2.9s, so it's exactly the same as running 48 threads with a single instance of the program. What's preventing linear scaling with this simple program?

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  • Makefile - Dependency generation

    - by Profetylen
    I am trying to create a makefile that automatically compiles and links my .cpp files into an executable via .o files. What I can't get working is automated (or even manual) dependency generation. When i uncomment the below commented code, nothing is recompiled when i run make build. All i get is make: Nothing to be done for 'build'., even if x.h (or any .h file) has changed. I've been trying to learn from this question: Makefile, header dependencies, dmckee's answer, especially. Why isn't this makefile working? Clarification: I can compile everything, but when I modify any header file, the .cpp files that depend on it aren't updated. So, if I for instance compile my entire source, then I change a #define in the header file, and then run make build, and I get Nothing to be done for 'build'. (when I have uncommented either commented chunks of the below code). CC=gcc CFLAGS=-O2 -Wall LDFLAGS=-lSDL -lstdc++ SOURCES=$(wildcard *.cpp) OBJECTS=$(patsubst %.cpp, obj/%.o,$(SOURCES)) TARGET=bin/test.bin # Nothing happens when i uncomment the following. (automated attempt) #depend: .depend # #.depend: $(SOURCES) # rm -f ./.depend # $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -MM $^ >> ./.depend; # #include .depend # And nothing happens when i uncomment the following. x.cpp and x.h are files in my project. (manual attempt) #x.o: x.cpp x.h clean: rm -f $(TARGET) rm -f $(OBJECTS) run: build ./$(TARGET) debug: build nm $(TARGET) gdb $(TARGET) build: $(TARGET) $(TARGET): $(OBJECTS) @mkdir -p $(@D) $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(OBJECTS) -o $@ obj/%.o: %.cpp @mkdir -p $(@D) $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@ include $(DEPENDENCIES)

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  • why BOOST_FOREACH cannot handle const boost::ptr_map?

    - by psaghelyi
    void main() { typedef boost::ptr_map<int, char> MyMap; MyMap mymap; mymap[1] = 'a'; mymap[2] = 'b'; mymap[3] = 'c'; BOOST_FOREACH(MyMap::value_type value, mymap) { std::cout << value.first << " " << value.second << std::endl; } MyMap const & const_mymap = mymap; BOOST_FOREACH(MyMap::value_type value, const_mymap) { std::cout << value.first << " " << value.second << std::endl; } } The following error message comes from GCC at the second BOOST_FOREACH error: conversion from 'boost::ptr_container_detail::ref_pair<int, const char* const>' to non-scalar type 'boost::ptr_container_detail::ref_pair<int, char* const>' requested I reckon that this is the weakness of the pointer container's ref_pair...

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  • How does one force construction of a global object in a statically linked library? [MSVC9]

    - by Peter C O Johansson
    I have a global list of function pointers. This list should be populated at startup. Order is not important and there are no dependencies that would complicate static initialization. To facilitate this, I've written a class that adds a single entry to this list in its constructor, and scatter global instances of this class via a macro where necessary. One of the primary goals of this approach is to remove the need for explicitly referencing every instance of this class externally, instead allowing each file that needs to register something in the list to do it independently. Nice and clean. However, when placing these objects in a static library, the linker discards (or rather never links in) these units because no code in them is explicitly referenced. Explicitly referencing symbols in the compilation units would be counterproductive, directly contradicting one of the main goals of the approach. For the same reason, /INCLUDE is not an acceptable option, and /OPT:NOREF is not actually related to this problem. Metrowerks has a __declspec directive for it, GCC has -force_load, but I cannot find any equivalent for MSVC.

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  • Invoking a function (main()) from a binary file in C

    - by Dhara Darji
    I have simple c program like, my_bin.c: #include <stdio.h> int main() { printf("Success!\n"); return 0; } I compile it with gcc and got executable: my_bin. Now I want to invoke main (or run this my_bin) using another C program. That I did with mmap and function pointer like this: #include <stdio.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <sys/mman.h> int main() { void (*fun)(); int fd; int *map; fd = open("./my_bin", O_RDONLY); map = mmap(0, 8378, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0); fun = map; fun(); return 0; } PS: I went through some tutorial, for how to read binary file and execute. But this gives Seg fault, any help appreciated! Thanks!

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  • problem finding a header with a c++ makefile

    - by Max
    Hi. I've started working with my first makefile. I'm writing a roguelike in C++ using the libtcod library, and have the following hello world program to test if my environment's up and running: #include "libtcod.hpp" int main() { TCODConsole::initRoot(80, 50, "PartyHack"); TCODConsole::root->printCenter(40, 25, TCOD_BKGND_NONE, "Hello World"); TCODConsole::flush(); TCODConsole::waitForKeypress(true); } My project directory structure looks like this: /CppPartyHack ----/libtcod-1.5.1 # this is the libtcod root folder --------/include ------------libtcod.hpp ----/PartyHack --------makefile --------partyhack.cpp # the above code (while we're here, how do I do proper indentation? Using those dashes is silly.) and here's my makefile: SRCDIR = . INCDIR = ../libtcod-1.5.1/include CFLAGS = $(FLAGS) -I$(INCDIR) -I$(SRCDIR) -Wall CC = gcc CPP = g++ .SUFFIXES: .o .h .c .hpp .cpp $(TEMP)/%.o : $(SRCDIR)/%.cpp $(CPP) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ -c $< $(TEMP)/%.o : $(SRCDIR)/%.c $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ -c $< CPP_OBJS = $(TEMP)partyhack.o all : partyhack partyhack : $(CPP_OBJS) $(CPP) $(CPP_OBJS) -o $@ -L../libtcod-1.5.1 -ltcod -ltcod++ -Wl,-rpath,. clean : \rm -f $(CPP_OBJS) partyhack I'm using Ubuntu, and my terminal gives me the following errors: max@max-desktop:~/Desktop/Development/CppPartyhack/PartyHack$ make g++ -c -o partyhack.o partyhack.cpp partyhack.cpp:1:23: error: libtcod.hpp: No such file or directory partyhack.cpp: In function ‘int main()’: partyhack.cpp:5: error: ‘TCODConsole’ has not been declared partyhack.cpp:6: error: ‘TCODConsole’ has not been declared partyhack.cpp:6: error: ‘TCOD_BKGND_NONE’ was not declared in this scope partyhack.cpp:7: error: ‘TCODConsole’ has not been declared partyhack.cpp:8: error: ‘TCODConsole’ has not been declared make: * [partyhack.o] Error 1 So obviously, the makefile can't find libtcod.hpp. I've double checked and I'm sure the relative path to libtcod.hpp in INCDIR is correct, but as I'm just starting out with makefiles, I'm uncertain what else could be wrong. My makefile is based off a template that the libtcod designers provided along with the library itself, and while I've looked at a few online makefile tutorials, the code in this makefile is a good bit more complicated than any of the examples the tutorials showed, so I'm assuming I screwed up something basic in the conversion. Thanks for any help.

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  • Omit return type in C++0x

    - by Clinton
    I've recently found myself using the following macro with gcc 4.5 in C++0x mode: #define RETURN(x) -> decltype(x) { return x; } And writing functions like this: template <class T> auto f(T&& x) RETURN (( g(h(std::forward<T>(x))) )) I've been doing this to avoid the inconvenience having to effectively write the function body twice, and having keep changes in the body and the return type in sync (which in my opinion is a disaster waiting to happen). The problem is that this technique only works on one line functions. So when I have something like this (convoluted example): template <class T> auto f(T&& x) -> ... { auto y1 = f(x); auto y2 = h(y1, g1(x)); auto y3 = h(y1, g2(x)); if (y1) { ++y3; } return h2(y2, y3); } Then I have to put something horrible in the return type. Furthermore, whenever I update the function, I'll need to change the return type, and if I don't change it correctly, I'll get a compile error if I'm lucky, or a runtime bug in the worse case. Having to copy and paste changes to two locations and keep them in sync I feel is not good practice. And I can't think of a situation where I'd want an implicit cast on return instead of an explicit cast. Surely there is a way to ask the compiler to deduce this information. What is the point of the compiler keeping it a secret? I thought C++0x was designed so such duplication would not be required.

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  • Python base classes share attributes?

    - by tad
    Code in test.py: class Base(object): def __init__(self, l=[]): self.l = l def add(self, num): self.l.append(num) def remove(self, num): self.l.remove(num) class Derived(Base): def __init__(self, l=[]): super(Derived, self).__init__(l) Python shell session: Python 2.6.5 (r265:79063, Apr 1 2010, 05:22:20) [GCC 4.4.3 20100316 (prerelease)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import test >>> a = test.Derived() >>> b = test.Derived() >>> a.l [] >>> b.l [] >>> a.add(1) >>> a.l [1] >>> b.l [1] >>> c = test.Derived() >>> c.l [1] I was expecting "C++-like" behavior, in which each derived object contains its own instance of the base class. Is this still the case? Why does each object appear to share the same list instance?

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  • libarchive reads too many chars when extracting a file

    - by ojreadmore
    I've written a C program to extract files from a tar archive using libarchive. I'd like to extract a file from this archive and print it to standard output. But I get extra characters. It's garbage, but it's from another file (possibly adjacent to it in the archive.) I expect output to end at </html>. Here is the code that reads this tar file. libarchive 2.8.3 compiled on mac os X 10.6.3. gcc 4.2 x86_64 ls -l vendar-definition.html gives me 1921 for the file size. And so shows tar tfv 0000.tar | grep vendar-definition.html. So reports the C output that states the file size. To me this seems correct. Two possibilities I can see for why my output is not as expected: 1. I've made a beginner's mistake or 2. multibyte characters in the archive files has something to do with it.

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  • setup Qt and PyQt on mac osx so my app can also deployable on windows

    - by hk_programmer
    Hi, I've been coding with Python and C++ and now need to work on building a gui for data visualization purposes. I work on Mac Snow Leopard (intel), python 3.1 using gcc 4.2.1 (from Xcode 3.1) I wanted to first install Qt and then PyQt. And my goals are to be able to: - quickly prototype GUI and the accompanied logic that drives the GUI using PyQt and python - if I decided I need the speed, or if it's fairly easy to translate my GUI into C++ using the Qt tools, I have the options to translate my app into C++ - Be able to deploy my application onto Windows (both the python and c++ version of my app) Give the goals above, what are the correct steps I should take and what issues i should be aware of when setting up Qt and PyQt. Which other deployment tools do I need? From my readings so far, here's what I have: download the Qt source for mac and configure it with -platform macx-g++42 -arch x86_64 -no-framework (i've read somewhere that building as framework causes some trouble in deployment and/or debugging, can't find the article anymore) download latest SIP source and build download latest PyQt and build from source (any special options I should pay attention to?) For deployment, I've read that I would need to use py2exe/cx_freeze for windows, p2app for mac: http://arstechnica.com/open-source/guides/2009/03/how-to-deploying-pyqt-applications-on-windows-and-mac-os-x.ars but seems like what the article describe is deploying an app you build on windows on the windows platform and vice versa. How do you deploy to windows (is it even possible?) if you are writing your Qt app on a mac ? Really appreciate the help

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  • Are C++ exceptions sufficient to implement thread-local storage?

    - by Potatoswatter
    I was commenting on an answer that thread-local storage is nice and recalled another informative discussion about exceptions where I supposed The only special thing about the execution environment within the throw block is that the exception object is referenced by rethrow. Putting two and two together, wouldn't executing an entire thread inside a function-catch-block of its main function imbue it with thread-local storage? It seems to work fine: #include <iostream> #include <pthread.h> using namespace std; struct thlocal { string name; thlocal( string const &n ) : name(n) {} }; thlocal &get_thread() { try { throw; } catch( thlocal &local ) { return local; } } void print_thread() { cerr << get_thread().name << endl; } void *kid( void *local_v ) try { thlocal &local = * static_cast< thlocal * >( local_v ); throw local; } catch( thlocal & ) { print_thread(); return NULL; } int main() try { thlocal local( "main" ); throw local; } catch( thlocal & ) { print_thread(); pthread_t th; thlocal kid_local( "kid" ); pthread_create( &th, NULL, &kid, &kid_local ); pthread_join( th, NULL ); print_thread(); return 0; } Is this novel or well-characterized? Was my initial premise correct? What kind of overhead does get_thread incur in, say, GCC and VC++? It would require throwing only exceptions derived from struct thlocal, but altogether this doesn't feel like an unproductive insomnia-ridden Sunday morning…

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  • Strict pointer aliasing: is access through a 'volatile' pointer/reference a solution?

    - by doublep
    On the heels of a specific problem, a self-answer and comments to it, I'd like to understand if it is a proper solution, workaround/hack or just plain wrong. Specifically, I rewrote code: T x = ...; if (*reinterpret_cast <int*> (&x) == 0) ... As: T x = ...; if (*reinterpret_cast <volatile int*> (&x) == 0) ... with a volatile qualifier to the pointer. Let's just assume that treating T as int in my situation makes sense. Does this accessing through a volatile reference solve pointer aliasing problem? For a reference, from specification: [ Note: volatile is a hint to the implementation to avoid aggressive optimization involving the object because the value of the object might be changed by means undetectable by an implementation. See 1.9 for detailed semantics. In general, the semantics of volatile are intended to be the same in C++ as they are in C. — end note ] EDIT: The above code did solve my problem at least on GCC 4.5.

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  • C to Assembly code - what does it mean

    - by Smith
    I'm trying to figure out exactly what is going on with the following assembly code. Can someone go down line by line and explain what is happening? I input what I think is happening (see comments) but need clarification. .file "testcalc.c" .section .rodata.str1.1,"aMS",@progbits,1 .LC0: .string "x=%d, y=%d, z=%d, result=%d\n" .text .globl main .type main, @function main: leal 4(%esp), %ecx // establish stack frame andl $-16, %esp // decrement %esp by 16, align stack pushl -4(%ecx) // push original stack pointer pushl %ebp // save base pointer movl %esp, %ebp // establish stack frame pushl %ecx // save to ecx subl $36, %esp // alloc 36 bytes for local vars movl $11, 8(%esp) // store 11 in z movl $6, 4(%esp) // store 6 in y movl $2, (%esp) // store 2 in x call calc // function call to calc movl %eax, 20(%esp) // %esp + 20 into %eax movl $11, 16(%esp) // WHAT movl $6, 12(%esp) // WHAT movl $2, 8(%esp) // WHAT movl $.LC0, 4(%esp) // WHAT?!?! movl $1, (%esp) // move result into address of %esp call __printf_chk // call printf function addl $36, %esp // WHAT? popl %ecx popl %ebp leal -4(%ecx), %esp ret .size main, .-main .ident "GCC: (Ubuntu 4.3.3-5ubuntu4) 4.3.3" .section .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits Original code: #include <stdio.h> int calc(int x, int y, int z); int main() { int x = 2; int y = 6; int z = 11; int result; result = calc(x,y,z); printf("x=%d, y=%d, z=%d, result=%d\n",x,y,z,result); }

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  • identifier ... is undefined when trying to run pure C code in Cuda using nvcc

    - by Lostsoul
    I'm new and learning Cuda. A approach that I'm trying to use to learn is to write code in C and once I know its working start converting it to Cuda since I read that nvcc compiles Cuda code but complies everything else using plain old c. My code works in c(using gcc) but when I try to compile it using nvcc(after changing the file name from main.c to main.cu) I get main.cu(155): error: identifier "num_of_rows" is undefined main.cu(155): error: identifier "num_items_in_row" is undefined 2 errors detected in the compilation of "/tmp/tmpxft_00002898_00000000-4_main.cpp1.ii". Basically in my main method I send data to a function like this: process_list(count, countListItem, list); the first two items are ints and the last item(list) is a matrix. Then I create my function like this: void process_list(int num_of_rows, int num_items_in_row, int current_list[num_of_rows][num_items_in_row]) { This line is where I get my errors when using nvcc(line 155). I need to convert this code to cuda anyway so no need to troubleshoot this specific issue(plus code is quite large) but I'm wondering if I'm wrong about nvcc treating the C part of your code like plain C. In the book cuda by example I just used nvcc to compile but do I need any extra flags when just using pure c?

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  • Constructor and Destructors in C++ work?

    - by Jack
    I am using gcc. Please tell me if I am wrong - Lets say I have two classes A & B class A { public: A(){cout<<"A constructor"<<endl;} ~A(){cout<<"A destructor"<<endl;} }; class B:public A { public: B(){cout<<"B constructor"<<endl;} ~B(){cout<<"B destructor"<<endl;} }; 1) The first line in B's constructor should be a call to A's constructor ( I assume compiler automatically inserts it). Also the last line in B's destructor will be a call to A's destructor (compiler does it again). Why was it built this way? 2) When I say A * a = new B(); compiler creates a new B object and checks to see if A is a base class of B and if it is it allows 'a' to point to the newly created object. I guess that is why we don't need any virtual constructors. ( with help from @Tyler McHenry , @Konrad Rudolph) 3) When I write delete a compiler sees that a is an object of type A so it calls A's destructor leading to a problem which is solved by making A's destructor virtual. As user - Little Bobby Tables pointed out to me all destructors have the same name destroy() in memory so we can implement virtual destructors and now the call is made to B's destructor and all is well in C++ land. Please comment.

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