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  • Cross-platform independent development

    - by Joe Wreschnig
    Some years ago, if you wrote in C and some subset of C++ and used a sufficient number of platform abstractions (via SDL or whatever), you could run on every platform an indie could get on - Linux, Windows, Mac OS of various versions, obscure stuff like BeOS, and the open consoles like the GP2X and post-death Dreamcast. If you got a contract for a closed platform at some point, you could port your game to that platform with "minimal" code changes as well. Today, indie developers must use XNA to get on the Xbox 360 (and upcoming Windows phone); must not use XNA to work anywhere else but Windows; until recently had to use Java on Android; Flash doesn't run on phones, HTML5 doesn't work on IE. Unlike e.g. DirectX vs. OpenGL or Windows vs. Unix, these are changes to the core language you write your code in and can't be papered over without, basically, writing a compiler. You can move some game logic into scripts and include an interpreter - except when you can't, because the iPhone SDK doesn't allow it, and performance suffers because no one allows JIT. So what can you do if you want a really cross-platform portable game, or even just a significant body of engine and logic code? Is this not a problem because the platforms have fundamentally diverged - it's just plain not worthwhile to try to target both an iPhone and the Xbox 360 with any shared code because such a game would be bad? (I find this very unlikely. I can easily see wanting to share a game between a Windows Mobile phone and an Android, or an Xbox 360 and an iPad.) Are interfaces so high-level now that porting time is negligible? (I might believe this for business applications, but not for games with strict performance requirements.) Is this going to become more pronounced in the future? Is the split going to be, somewhat scarily, still down vendor lines? Will we all rely on high-level middleware like Flash or Unity to get anything cross-platform done? tl;dr - Is porting a problem, is it going to be a bigger problem in the future, and if so how do we solve it?

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  • Why do I get this file loading exception when trying to draw sprites with libgdx?

    - by BluFire
    I'm having trouble with the "Drawing Images" section on the libgdx tutorial. I set up the documents completely and I typed the code as follows: public class Game implements ApplicationListener { public static final String LOG = Game.class.getSimpleName(); private FPSLogger fpsLogger; private SpriteBatch batch; private Texture texture; private Sprite sprite; private TextureRegion region; //removed irrelevant code for this question... @Override public void render() { texture = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("android.png")); region = new TextureRegion(texture, 20, 20, 50, 50); sprite = new Sprite(texture, 20, 20, 50, 50); sprite.setPosition(10, 10); sprite.setRotation(45); Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0f, 1f, 0f, 1f); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); batch.begin(); batch.draw(texture,10,10); batch.draw(region,10,10); sprite.draw(batch); batch.end(); // output the current FPS fpsLogger.log(); } } I went through the tutorial on the website but when I run the code I get errors: Exception in thread "LWJGL Application" com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: Couldn't load file: android.png at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Pixmap.<init>(Pixmap.java:137) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.glutils.FileTextureData.prepare(FileTextureData.java:55) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture.load(Texture.java:175) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture.create(Texture.java:159) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture.<init>(Texture.java:133) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture.<init>(Texture.java:122) at com.game.Game.render(Game.java:46) at com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication.mainLoop (LwjglApplication.java:163) at com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication$1.run(LwjglApplication.java:113) Caused by: com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: File not found: android.png (Internal) at com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle.read(FileHandle.java:108) at com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle.length(FileHandle.java:364) at com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle.readBytes(FileHandle.java:156) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Pixmap.<init>(Pixmap.java:134) ... 8 more I set the android.png in my assests folder in my android project linking it to the desktop one, I don't understand what I'm doing wrong. What is making these errors? FIX. Weird ending.this was the plus where the sprite is suppose to look like. The top right corner of the next image should look like, the bottom left is what turned out in the code. I'm think it was because of the texture region but I'm not 100%. Can somebody explain why it is really warped? I thought the changes I made in the coding will just change position/rotation, rather then a change in the image.

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  • Tile-based 2D collision detection problems

    - by Vee
    I'm trying to follow this tutorial http://www.tonypa.pri.ee/tbw/tut05.html to implement real-time collisions in a tile-based world. I find the center coordinates of my entities thanks to these properties: public float CenterX { get { return X + Width / 2f; } set { X = value - Width / 2f; } } public float CenterY { get { return Y + Height / 2f; } set { Y = value - Height / 2f; } } Then in my update method, in the player class, which is called every frame, I have this code: public override void Update() { base.Update(); int downY = (int)Math.Floor((CenterY + Height / 2f - 1) / 16f); int upY = (int)Math.Floor((CenterY - Height / 2f) / 16f); int leftX = (int)Math.Floor((CenterX + Speed * NextX - Width / 2f) / 16f); int rightX = (int)Math.Floor((CenterX + Speed * NextX + Width / 2f - 1) / 16f); bool upleft = Game.CurrentMap[leftX, upY] != 1; bool downleft = Game.CurrentMap[leftX, downY] != 1; bool upright = Game.CurrentMap[rightX, upY] != 1; bool downright = Game.CurrentMap[rightX, downY] != 1; if(NextX == 1) { if (upright && downright) CenterX += Speed; else CenterX = (Game.GetCellX(CenterX) + 1)*16 - Width / 2f; } } downY, upY, leftX and rightX should respectively find the lowest Y position, the highest Y position, the leftmost X position and the rightmost X position. I add + Speed * NextX because in the tutorial the getMyCorners function is called with these parameters: getMyCorners (ob.x+ob.speed*dirx, ob.y, ob); The GetCellX and GetCellY methods: public int GetCellX(float mX) { return (int)Math.Floor(mX / SGame.Camera.TileSize); } public int GetCellY(float mY) { return (int)Math.Floor(mY / SGame.Camera.TileSize); } The problem is that the player "flickers" while hitting a wall, and the corner detection doesn't even work correctly since it can overlap walls that only hit one of the corners. I do not understand what is wrong. In the tutorial the ob.x and ob.y fields should be the same as my CenterX and CenterY properties, and the ob.width and ob.height should be the same as Width / 2f and Height / 2f. However it still doesn't work. Thanks for your help.

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  • How to port animation from one skeleton to another?

    - by shawn
    While I need to do this in a Blender3D modeler script, the math should be similar for other modelers or realtime engines. Blender3D specific terminology: Armature = skeleton EditBone = rest pose bone (stores the rest pose matrix) PoseBone = can store a different pose (animation matrix) for each frame of your animation I need to share animations (Blender Actions) between Armatures which have EditBones with same names and which have the same positions, but can have different (rest pose) angles and scales. Plus the Armatures might have different bone hierarchy (bone parenting/ no bone parenting). Why I need this: I've made an importer/exporter for a 3d format for a game. The format doesn't store enough info to connect/parent the bones, which makes posing/animating character models in a 3d modeller nearly impossible (original model files for the 3d modeler don't exist, this is for modding). As there are only 2 character skeleton types in the game, I decided to optionally allow to generate the bone from a hardcoded data in the model importer and undo that in the exporter. This allows to easily pose the model for checking weights, easily create weights, makes it easier for Blender to generate automatic weights and of course makes animating possible. This worked perfectly: the importer optionally generated the Armature itself and the exporter removed those changes, so the exported model works with existing animations in the game. But now I'm writing an importer and exporter for the game's animation format and here come the problems of: Trying to make original animations work in Blender with my "custom" (modified) Armature Trying to make animations created by using the "custom" (modified) Armature work with the original models in the game (and Blender). Constraints or bone snapping inside Blender won't work as they don't care that the bones have different angles in the rest pose, they will still face the same direction. It seems I just need to get the "difference" between the EditBone matrices of all EditBones for the two Armatures somehow and apply that difference to PoseBone matrices of all PoseBones, for all frames of my animation. I need to know how to get that difference and how to apply it. BTW, PoseBone matrices are relative to rest pose, they are by default [1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000](matrix [row 0]) [0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000](matrix [row 1]) [0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000](matrix [row 2]) [0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000](matrix [row 3]) So the question is: How to get the difference between two bone (EditBone) matrices to apply that difference to the animation matrices (PoseBone matrices)? Please be easy on the matrix math.

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  • Skyrim Creation Kit with Xbox 360

    - by funseiki
    I posted this on stackoverflow but was advised to post here (here is a link to the stackoverflow question). I'm hoping for constructive feedback on its plausibility. Update on progress: It looks like there are ways to stuff files back onto the console (horizon, modio, xplorer360, etc) and they do require some form of signing. As of now, though, I've had no luck. I was hoping I could get away with just placing the ".esp" into the directory containing marketplace downloads for Skyrim, along with the signed ".bsa" file (basically a zipped up file containing any extra content the .esp will need to refer that doesn't exist in the basic game). This doesn't work, at least not in the ways I've tried, so next I'm going to try install the entire game to my flash drive (if possible) and attempt to traverse through the game's directory (this is probably unlikely). If anyone else has suggestions or luck or wants more detail on my failures comment/answer away. Here is the question: I'm thinking about buying the PC version of Skyrim to get the Creation Kit (I already own a copy for the Xbox). I have read the faq and scoured plenty of forums to see if there was some way to mod Skyrim for a console (Xbox 360, in particular), but they are generally coming up negative. I realize the CreationKit is on the PC, but I was wondering if there was a way to set up the '.esp' (hopefully I'm interpreting this correctly) files to be placed on the Xbox 360 file system in a similar manner to how game add-ons are downloaded from the Xbox Live Marketplace. I believe it is possible to transfer saves between the console and the PC (e.g. google: 'skyrim mod xbox360'), but these are referencing items that already exist in the game (e.g. a console command for maximum carry weight does not require reference to new animations or models). It would probably be easier if one could navigate through the xbox's file system to see where the games' files are placed, but with the current setup, the file system is abstracted away. Any help or insight on the matter would be much appreciated. I would love to work on a project that would make it possible to let console gamers experience and enjoy all the great mods available to the PC community.

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  • Designing Snake AI

    - by Ronald
    I'm new to this gamedev stackechange but have used the math and cs sites before. So, I'm in a competition to create AI for a snake that will compete with 3 other snakes in 5 minute rounds where the rules are much like the traditional Nokia snake game except that there are 4 snakes, the board is 50x50 and there are a number of small obstacles on the field. Like the Nokia game, your snake grows when you get to the fruit and if you crash into yourself, another snake or the wall you die. The game runs with a 50ms delay between moves and the server sends the new game state every 50ms which the code must analyze and what not and output the next move. The winner is the snake who had the longest length at any point in the game. Tie breakers are decided by kills. So far what I have done is implemented an A* graph search from each snake to determine if my snake is the closest to the apple and if it is, it goes for the apple. Otherwise, I made a neat little algorithm to determine the emptiest area of the board, which my snake goes for, to anticipate the next apple. Other than this I have some small survivability checks to ensure my snake isn't walking into a trap that it can't get out and if it does get stuck, I have something to give it a better chance of getting out. ... Anyway, I've tested my snake on a test server and it does quite well. Generally, my strategy of only going for the apple when its a sure thing and finding space when its not makes it grow faster than any other snakes (some snakes do a similar thing but often just go to the middle or a corner) sometimes it wins these trial games but is more often than not beaten by the same snake who seems to have the edge on survivability(my snake grows quicker but then dies somehow and this other snake just plods slowly along and wins on consistency. So I was wondering about any ideas anyone has to try and improve my snake. Or maybe ideas at a new approach to take. My functions and classes are good so changes that might seem drastic shouldn't be too bad. I encourage all ideas. Any thoughts ??

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  • How can I tweak this A* search pathfinding algorithm to handle different terrain movement values?

    - by user422318
    I'm creating a 2D map-based action game with similar interaction design as Diablo II. In other words, the player clicks around a map to move their player. I just finished player movement and am moving on to pathfinding. In the game, enemies should charge the player's character. There are also five different terrain types that give different movement bonuses. I want the AI to take advantage of these terrain bonuses as they try to reach the player. I was told to check out the A* search algorithm (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm). I'm doing this game in HTML5 and JavaScript, and found a version in JavaScript: http://www.briangrinstead.com/blog/astar-search-algorithm-in-javascript I'm trying to figure out how to tweak it though. Below are my ideas about what I need to change. What else do I need to worry about? When I create a graph, I will need to initialize the 2D array I pass in passed on with a traversal of a map that corresponds to the different terrain types. in graph.js: "GraphNodeType" definition needs to be modified to handle the 5 terrain types. There will be no walls. in astar.js: The g and h scoring will need to be modified. How should I do this? in astar.js: isWall() should probably be removed. My game doesn't have walls. in astar.js: I'm not sure what this is. I think it indicates a node that isn't valid to be processed. When would this happen, though? At a high level, how do I change this algorithm from "oh, is there a wall there?" to "will this terrain get me to the player faster than the terrain around me?" Because of time, I'm also debating reusing my Bresenham algorithm for the enemies. Unfortunately, the different terrain movement bonuses won't be used by the AI, which will make the game suck. :/ I'd really like to have this in for the prototype, but I'm not a developer by trade nor am I a computer scientist. :D If you know of any code that does what I'm looking for, please share! Sanity check tips for this are also appreciated.

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  • Architecture for a farmville/yoville/cafe world type game?

    - by Joff
    I'm thinking of building a game along the lines of Farmville - items, events, time management system etc. Options I am thinking of: 1) Flash UI frontend that uses AMFPHP to get all data for the view from a PHP powered backend. 2) Actionscript to power the whole game Any input is appreciated. My concern with Actionscript is scaling, my concern with PHP is having to build an update system that would need a lot of back and forth xmlhttprequests which might get complicated. If there's a better way to build something like this, I'm all ears :)

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  • How to determine orientation of Windows Phone 7 in XNA game?

    - by Larsenal
    Similar to this question, but looking for an answer that will work in the context of an XNA game. How can I determine whether the device is in a landscape or portrait orientation? The answer given in the general question relies upon functionality built into PhoneApplicationPage. AFAIK, you wouldn't normally be using that class within the context of an XNA game on Windows Phone 7.

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  • Create a overflow screen while a game/program is running?

    - by Dodi300
    Hello. Does anyone know how I can create a screen overflow while a program is running? Mainly while a game is running. If anyone has used xFire or Steam, these use this feature. I've created a winform which starts the game/program and then minimizes. Could the overflow be created in the same winform? Thanks for the help! :)

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  • Why does my Doctrine DBAL query return no results when quoted?

    - by braveterry
    I'm using the Doctrine DataBase Abstraction Layer (DBAL) to perform some queries. For some reason, when I quote a parameter before passing it to the query, I get back no rows. When I pass it unquoted, it works fine. Here's the relevant snippet of code I'm using: public function get($game) { load::helper('doctrinehelper'); $conn = doctrinehelper::getconnection(); $statement = $conn->prepare('SELECT games.id as id, games.name as name, games.link_url, games.link_text, services.name as service_name, image_url FROM games, services WHERE games.name = ? AND services.key = games.service_key'); $quotedGame = $conn->quote($game); load::helper('loghelper'); $logger = loghelper::getLogger(); $logger->debug("Quoted Game: $quotedGame"); $logger->debug("Unquoted Game: $game"); $statement->execute(array($quotedGame)); $resultsArray = $statement->fetchAll(); $logger->debug("Number of rows returned: " . count($resultsArray)); return $resultsArray; } Here's what the log shows: 01/01/11 17:00:13,269 [2112] DEBUG root - Quoted Game: 'Diablo II Lord of Destruction' 01/01/11 17:00:13,269 [2112] DEBUG root - Unquoted Game: Diablo II Lord of Destruction 01/01/11 17:00:13,270 [2112] DEBUG root - Number of rows returned: 0 If I change this line: $statement->execute(array($quotedGame)); to this: $statement->execute(array($game)); I get this in the log: 01/01/11 16:51:42,934 [2112] DEBUG root - Quoted Game: 'Diablo II Lord of Destruction' 01/01/11 16:51:42,935 [2112] DEBUG root - Unquoted Game: Diablo II Lord of Destruction 01/01/11 16:51:42,936 [2112] DEBUG root - Number of rows returned: 1 Have I fat-fingered something?

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  • My server app works strangely. What could be the reason(s)?

    - by Poni
    Hi! I've written a server app (two parts actually; proxy server and a game server) using C++ (board game). It uses IOCP as the sockets interface. For that app I've also written a "client simulator" (hereafter "client") app that spawns many client connections, where each of them plays, in very high speed, getting the CPU to be 100% utilized. So, that's how it goes in terms of topology: Game server - holds the game state. Real players do not connect it directly but through the proxy server. When a player joins a game, the proxy actually asks for it on behalf of that player, and the game server spawns a "player instance" for that player, and from now on, every notification between the game server and the player is being passed through the proxy. Proxy server - holds TCP connections with the real players. Players communicate with the game server through it only. Client simulator - connects to the proxy only. When running the server (again, it's actually two server apps) & client locally it all works just fine. I'm talking about 40k+ player instances in which all of them are active in a game. On the other hand, when running the server remotely with, say, 1000 clients who play things getting strange. For example, I run it as said above. Then with Task Manager I kill the client simulator app ("End Process Tree"). Then it seems like the buffer of the remote server got modified by another thread, or in other words, a memory corruption has been occurred. The server crashes because it got an unknown message id (it's a custom protocol where each message has it's own unique number). To make things clear, here is how I run the apps: PC1 - game server and clients simulator (because the clients will connect the proxy). PC2 - proxy server. The strangest thing is this: Only the remote side gets "corrupted". Remote in terms that it's not the PC I use to code the app (VC++ 2008). Let's call the PC I use to code the apps "PC1". Now for example, if this time I ran the game server on PC1 (it means that proxy server on PC2 and clients simulator on PC1), then the proxy server crashes with an "unknown message id" error. Another variation is when I run the proxy server on PC1 (again, the dev machine), the game server and the clients simulator on PC2, then the game server on PC2 gets crashed. As for the IOCP config: The servers' internal connections use the default receive/send buffer sizes. Tried even with setting them to 1MB, but no luck. I have three PCs in total; 2 x Vista 64bit <<-- one of those is the dev machine. The other is connected through WiFi. 1 x WinXP 32bit They're all connected in a "full duplex" manner. What could be the reason? Tried about everything; Stack tracing, recording some actions (like read/write logging).. I want to stress that only the PC I'm not using to code the apps crashes (actually the server app "role" which is running on it - sometimes the game server and sometimes the proxy server). At first I thought that maybe the wireless PC has problems (it's wireless..) but: TCP has it's own mechanisms to make sure the packet is delivered properly. Also, a crash also happens when trying it with the two PCs that are physically connected (Vista vs. XP). Another option is that the Windows DLLs versions might have problems, but then again, one of the tests is Vista vs. Vista, and the other is Vista vs. XP. Any idea?

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  • Create a overlay screen while a game/program is running?

    - by Dodi300
    Hello. Does anyone know how I can create a screen overflow while a program is running? Mainly while a game is running. If anyone has used xFire or Steam, these use this feature. I've created a winform which starts the game/program and then minimizes. Could the overflow be created in the same winform? Thanks for the help! :)

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  • Inter process communication C# <--> C++ for game debugging engine.

    - by Andy
    I am working on a debugger project for a game's scripting engine. I'm hoping to write the debugger's GUI in C#. The actual debugging engine, however, is embedded in the game itself and is written in a mixture of C, C++, and assembly patches. What's the best way to handle communication between the debugger GUI and the debugging engine? The two will be running in separate processes. Thanks! Andy

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  • C++: Maybe you know this fitfall?

    - by Martijn Courteaux
    Hi, I'm developing a game. I have a header GameSystem (just methods like the game loop, no class) with two variables: int mouseX and int mouseY. These are updated in my game loop. Now I want to access them from Game.cpp file (a class built by a header-file and the source-file). So, I #include "GameSystem.h" in Game.h. After doing this I get a lot of compile errors. When I remove the include he says of course: Game.cpp:33: error: ‘mouseX’ was not declared in this scope Game.cpp:34: error: ‘mouseY’ was not declared in this scope Where I want to access mouseX and mouseY. All my .h files have Header Guards, generated by Eclipse. I'm using SDL and if I remove the lines that wants to access the variables, everything compiles and run perfectly (*). I hope you can help me... This is the error-log when I #include "GameSystem.h" (All the code he is refering to works, like explained by the (*)): In file included from ../trunk/source/domein/Game.h:14, from ../trunk/source/domein/Game.cpp:8: ../trunk/source/domein/GameSystem.h:30: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before ‘*’ token ../trunk/source/domein/GameSystem.h:46: error: variable or field ‘InitGame’ declared void ../trunk/source/domein/GameSystem.h:46: error: ‘Game’ was not declared in this scope ../trunk/source/domein/GameSystem.h:46: error: ‘g’ was not declared in this scope ../trunk/source/domein/GameSystem.h:46: error: expected primary-expression before ‘char’ ../trunk/source/domein/GameSystem.h:46: error: expected primary-expression before ‘bool’ ../trunk/source/domein/FPS.h:46: warning: ‘void FPS_SleepMilliseconds(int)’ defined but not used This is the code which try to access the two variables: SDL_Rect pointer; pointer.x = mouseX; pointer.y = mouseY; pointer.w = 3; pointer.h = 3; SDL_FillRect(buffer, &pointer, 0xFF0000);

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