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• Which language and platform features really boosted your coding speed?

  - by Serge

  The question is about delivering working code faster without any regard for design, quality, maintainability, etc. Here is the list of things that help me to write and read code faster: Language: static typing, support for object-oriented and functional programming styles, embedded documentation, short compile-debug-fix cycle or REPL, automatic memory management Platform: "batteries" included (text, regex, IO, threading, networking), thriving community, tons of open-source libs Tools: IDE, visual debugger, code-completion, code navigation, refactoring

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• LSP vs OCP / Liskov Substitution VS Open Close

  - by Kolyunya

  I am trying to understand the SOLID principles of OOP and I've come to the conclusion that LSP and OCP have some similarities (if not to say more). the open/closed principle states "software entities (classes, modules, functions, etc.) should be open for extension, but closed for modification". LSP in simple words states that any instance of Foo can be replaced with any instance of Bar which is derived from Foo and the program will work the same very way. I'm not a pro OOP programmer, but it seems to me that LSP is only possible if Bar, derived from Foo does not change anything in it but only extends it. That means that in particular program LSP is true only when OCP is true and OCP is true only if LSP is true. That means that they are equal. Correct me if I'm wrong. I really want to understand these ideas. Great thanks for an answer.

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• Finding the Twins when Implementing Catmull-Clark subdivision using Half-Edge mesh [migrated]

  - by Ailurus

  Note: The description became a little longer than expected. Do you know a readable implementation of this algorithm using this mesh? Please let me know! I'm trying to implement Catmull-Clark subdivision using Matlab (because later on the results have to be compared with some other stuff already implemented in Matlab). First try was with a Vertex-Face mesh, the algorithm works but it is of course not very efficient (since you need neighbouring information for edges and faces). Therefore, I'm now using a Half-Edge mesh (info), see also the paper of Lutz Kettner. Wikipedia link to the idea behind Catmull-Clark SDV: Wiki. My problem lies in finding the Twin HalfEdges, I'm just not sure how to do this. Below I'm describing my thoughts on the implementation, trying to keep it concise. Half-Edge mesh (using indices to Vertices/HalfEdges/Faces): Vertex (x,y,z,Outgoing_HalfEdge) HalfEdge (HeadVertex (or TailVertex, which one should I use), Next, Face, Twin). Face (HalfEdge) To keep it simple for now, assume that every face is a quadrilateral. The actual mesh is a list of Vertices, HalfEdges and Faces. The new mesh will consist of NewVertices, NewHalfEdges and NewFaces, like this (note: Number_... is the number of ...): NumberNewVertices: Number_Faces + Number_HalfEdges/2 + Number_Vertices NumberNewHalfEdges: 4 * 4 * NumberFaces NumberNewfaces: 4 * NumberFaces Catmull-Clark: Find the FacePoint (centroid) of each Face: --> Just average the x,y,z values of the vertices, save as a NewVertex. Find the EdgePoint of each HalfEdge: --> To prevent duplicates (each HalfEdge has a Twin which would result in the same HalfEdge) --> Only calculate EdgePoints of the HalfEdge which has the lowest index of the Pair. Update old Vertices Ok, now all the new Vertices are calculated (however, their Outgoing_HalfEdge is still unknown). Next step to save the new HalfEdges and Faces. This is the part causing me problems! Loop through each old Face, there are 4 new Faces to be created (because of the quadrilateral assumption) First create the 4 new HalfEdges per New Face, starting at the FacePoint to the Edgepoint Next a new HalfEdge from the EdgePoint to an Updated Vertex Another new one from the Updated Vertex to the next EdgePoint Finally the fourth new HalfEdge from the EdgePoint back to the FacePoint. The HeadVertex of each new HalfEdge is known, the Next HalfEdge too. The Face is also known (since it is the new face you're creating!). Only the Twin HalfEdge is unknown, how should I know this? By the way, while looping through the Vertices of the new Face, assign the Outgoing_HalfEdge to the Vertices. This is probably the place to find out which HalfEdge is the Twin. Finally, after the 4 new HalfEdges are created, save the Face with the HalfVertex index the last newly created HalfVertex. I hope this is clear, if needed I can post my (obviously not-yet-finished) Matlab code.

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• Moving from local machine to group web development environment

  - by Djave

  I'm a freelancer who currently creates websites locally using something like MAMP to test websites locally before pushing them live with FTP. I'm looking at taking on my first employee, and I would need to be able to work on websites with them simultaneously. Can anyone explain or provide links to some good documentation on team workflow, or some key phrases I should be googling to get started on my set up? Unlike a lot of the stackoverflow community I've never worked in a dev team, large or small as I'm self taught so just need to know where to start. At present I'm thinking I need an extra computer to use as a server, then use Git or some such to version control files on that computer, as well as installing apache on it so it can be viewed by any computers in my current home network. Is this heading down the right track?

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• C++ 'using': Should I use it or should I avoid it?

  - by Mehrdad

  I realize there are subtly different semantics for some of these, because of ADL. In general, though: Which one should I prefer (if any), and why? (Or does it depend on the situation (e.g. inline header vs. implementation?) Also: should I prefer ::std:: over std::? using namespace std; pair<string::const_iterator, string::const_iterator> f(const string &s) { return make_pair(s.begin(), s.end()); } or std::pair<std::string::const_iterator, std::string::const_iterator> f(const std::string &s) { return std::make_pair(s.begin(), s.end()); } or using std::pair; using std::string; pair<string::const_iterator, string::const_iterator> f(const string &s) { return make_pair(s.begin(), s.end()); } or std::pair<std::string::const_iterator, std::string::const_iterator> f(const std::string &s) { using std::make_pair; return make_pair(s.begin(), s.end()); } or std::pair<std::string::const_iterator, std::string::const_iterator> f(const std::string &s) { using namespace std; return make_pair(s.begin(), s.end()); } or something else? (This is assuming I don't have C++11 and auto.)

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• What are the options for setting up a UNIX environment to learn C using Kernighan and Richie's The C Programming Language?

  - by ssbrewster

  I'm a novice programmer and have been experimenting with Javascript, jQuery and PHP but felt I wasn't getting a real depth of understanding of what I was doing. So, after reading Joel Spolsky's response to a question on this site (which I can't find now!), I took it back to basics and read Charles Petzold's 'Code' and am about to move onto Kernighan and Richie's The C Programming Language. I want to learn this in a UNIX environment but only have access to a Windows system. I have Ubuntu 12.04 running on a virtualised machine via VMWare Player, and done some coding in the terminal. Is using a Linux distro the only option for programming in a UNIX environment on Windows? And what are the next steps to start programming in C in UNIX and where do I get a compiler from?

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• Buzzword for "performance-aware" software development

  - by errantlinguist

  There seems to be an overabundance of buzzwords for software development styles and methodologies: Agile development, extreme programming, test-driven development, etc... well, is there any sort of buzzword for "performance-aware" development? By "performance awareness", I don't necessarily mean low-latency or low-level programming, although the former would logically fall under the blanket term I'm looking for. I mean development in which resources are recognised to be finite and so there is a general emphasis on low computational complexity, good resource management, etc. If I was to be snarky, I would say "good programming", but that doesn't seem to get the message across so well...

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• Checking for cross-site scripting vulnerabilities in Perl web applications

  - by David Scholefield

  I'm putting together some notes for a dev team on how to write secure Perl code - especially taking into account the current OWASP top 10 web application vulnerabilities. For cross-site scripting I've included information on ensuring that all output to the browser is checked and escaped where necessary, but I'm looking for more automated mechanisms that would mean a developer doesn't have to think about every output statement and, potentially, miss one. Perl's 'taint' function sounds like it should be a help because it distrusts all user input, but it doesn't complain on tainted data being output to the browser. Apart from checking all output statements individually (probably by calling a generic sanitizing function) does anyone have any ideas on how Perl can help with this with existing libraries or techniques?

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• When to use abstract classes instead of interfaces and extension methods in C#?

  - by Gulshan

  "Abstract class" and "interface" are similar type of ideas, while interface being more abstract. One need of abstract classes was to provide method implementations for the derived classes. But in C#, that need has also been reduced by lately introduced extension methods. So, in C#, when should we use abstract classes instead of using interfaces and extension methods associated with the interface? And now, we can use 'Properties' in interfaces also. A notable example of interface+ extension methods is the Heavily used IEnumerable and it's helper methods. You use Linq and it's all by this extension methods!

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• What is Atomicity?

  - by James Jeffery

  I'm really struggling to find a concrete, easy to grasp, explanation of Atomicity. My understanding thus far is that to ensure an operation is atomic you wrap the critical code in a locker. But that's about as much as I actually understand. Definitions such as the one below make no sense to me at all. An operation during which a processor can simultaneously read a location and write it in the same bus operation. This prevents any other processor or I/O device from writing or reading memory until the operation is complete. Atomic implies indivisibility and irreducibility, so an atomic operation must be performed entirely or not performed at all. What does the last sentence mean? Is the term indivisibility relating to mathematics or something else? Sometimes the jargon with these topics confuse more than they teach.

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• Techniques to read code written by others?

  - by Simon

  Are there any techniques that you find useful or follow when it comes to reading and understanding code written by others when Direct Knowledge Transfer/meeting the person who wrote the code is not an option. One of the techniques that I follow when dealing with legacy code is by adding additional debugging statements and based on the values I figure out the flow/logic. This can be tedious at times. Hence the reason behind this question, Are there any other techniques being widely practiced or that you personally follow when it comes to dealing with code written by other people/colleagues/open-source team?

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• How would you explain that software engineering is more specialized than other engineering fields?

  - by Spencer K

  I work with someone who insists that any good software engineer can develop in any software technology, and experience in a particular technology doesn't matter to building good software. His analogy was that you don't have to have knowledge of the product being built to know how to build an assembly line that manufactures said product. In a way it's a compliment to be viewed with an eye such that "if you're good, you're good at everything", but in a way it also trivializes the profession, as in "Codemonkey, go sling code". Without experience in certain software frameworks, you can get in trouble fast, and that's important. I tried explaining this, but he didn't buy it. Any different views or thoughts on this to help explain that my experience in one thing, doesn't translate to all things?

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• Hidden web standards behind Google "custom searchEngines"?

  - by Hoàng Long

  Today while playing with Google Chrome Omnibox, I notice a strange behavior. I guess there's some "hidden" web standard behind it, but can't figure it out. Here's how to reproduce: Go to http://edition.cnn.com/ Use the search function at the higher right corner, Search a random keyword, for example: "abc" Close the tabs. Open a new tab, type until Chrome reminds you about http://edition.cnn.com/, then press "Tab" The Omnibox now shows "Search CNN.com"! And when you type "abc" and press Enter, it uses the CNN search function to do the job, not Google! I also tried it for several different sites. To some it won't work. But to some sites, like CNN, vnexpress.net, it works after I use the search function of that site once. I also learnt about chrome://settings/searchEngines (type it in your chrome box and you will see), and learnt about you can add custom search engine in chrome. But the question is, why Chrome can realize the search URL automatically to some pages, and not others? It's not because some site subscribe to Google service, because I can do the same method for my site (http://ledohoanglong.wordpress.com), and I'm sure that there's no subscription. So I guess there's a method to "expose" the search function of a site, so that Google Chrome can catch it (after I call the search function of that site once, of courses). Does anyone know about how it works behind the scene?

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• A good substitute for ASMX web service methods, but not a general handler

  - by Saeed Neamati

  The best thing I like about ASP.NET MVC, is that you can directly call a server method (called action), from the client. This is so convenient, and so straightforward, that I really like to implement such a model in ASP.NET WebForms too. However, in ASP.NET WebForms, to call a server method from the client, you should either use Page Methods, or Web Services, both of which use SOAP as their communication protocol (though JSON can also be used). There is also another substitution, which is using Generic Handlers. The problem with them however is that, a separate Generic Handler should be written for each server method. In other words, each Generic Handler works like a simple method. Is there anyway else to imitate MVC model in ASP.NET WebForms? Please note that I can't change to MVC platform right now, cause the project at our hand is a big project and we don't have required resources and time to change our platform. What we seek, is a simple MVC model implementation for our AJAX calls. A problem that we have with Web Services, is the known problem of SoapException, and we're not interested in creating custom SoapExctensions.

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• Finding the lowest average Hamming distance when the order of the strings matter

  - by user1049697

  I have a sequence of binary strings that I want to find a match for among a set of longer sequences of binary strings. A match means that the compared sequence gives the lowest average Hamming distance when all elements in the shorter sequence have been matched against a sequence in one of the longer sets. Let me try to explain with an example. I have a set of video frames that have been hashed using a perceptual hashing algorithm so that the video frames that look the same has roughly the same hash. I want to match a short video clip against a set of longer videos, to see if the clip is contained in one of these. This means that I need to find out where the sequence of the hashed frames in the short video has the lowest average Hamming distance when compared with the long videos. The short video is the sub strings Sub1, Sub2 and Sub3, and I want to match them against the hashes of the long videos in Src. The clue here is that the strings need to match in the specific order that they are given in, e.g. that Sub1 always has to match the element before Sub2, and Sub2 always has to match the element before Sub3. In this example it would map thusly: Sub1-Src3, Sub2-Src4 and Sub3-Src5. So the question is this: is there an algorithm for finding the lowest average Hamming distance when the order of the elements compared matter? The naïve approach to compare the substring sequence to every source string won't cut it of course, so I need something that preferably can match a (much) shorter sub string to a set of million of elements. I have looked at MVP-trees, BK-trees and similar, but everything seems to only take into account one binary string and not a sequence of them. Sub1: 100111011111011101 Sub2: 110111000010010100 Sub3: 111111010110101101 Src1: 001011010001010110 Src2: 010111101000111001 Src3: 101111001110011101 Src4: 010111100011010101 Src5: 001111010110111101 Src6: 101011111111010101 I have added a calculation of the examples below. (The Hamming distances aren't correct, but it doesn't matter) **Run 1.** dist(Sub1, Src1) = 8 dist(Sub2, Src2) = 10 dist(Sub3, Src3) = 12 average = 10 **Run 2.** dist(Sub1, Src2) = 10 dist(Sub2, Src3) = 12 dist(Sub3, Src4) = 10 average = 11 **Run 3.** dist(Sub1, Src3) = 7 dist(Sub2, Src4) = 6 dist(Sub3, Src5) = 10 average = 8 **Run 4.** dist(Sub1, Src3) = 10 dist(Sub2, Src4) = 4 dist(Sub3, Src5) = 2 average = 5 So the winner here is sequence 4 with an average distance of 5.

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• Unit test SHA256 wrapper queries

  - by Sam Leach

  I am just beginning to write unit tests. So please bear with me. I have the following SHA256 wrapper. public static string SHA256(string plainText) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); SHA256CryptoServiceProvider provider = new SHA256CryptoServiceProvider(); var hashedBytes = provider.ComputeHash(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(plainText)); for (int i = 0; i < hashedBytes.Length; i++) { sb.Append(hashedBytes[i].ToString("x2").ToLower()); } return sb.ToString(); } Do I want to be testing it? If so, what do you recommend? My thought process is as follows: What logic is there here. The answer is my for loop and ToString("x2") so from my understanding I want to be testing this part? I can assume Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(plainText) works. Correct assumption? I can assume SHA256CryptoServiceProvider.ComputeHash() works. Correct assumption? I want to be only testing my logic. In this case is limited to the printing of hex encoded hash. Correct? Thanks.

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• How do I encrypt the source code on the webserver?

  - by Ashin k n

  I have a web application developed using Python, HTML, CSS & JavaScript. The customer installs it in any of their own Machine and uses it through their LAN. In short the customer sets up the webserver in any of their own machine. Since its a web application, all the source code is open for the customer in the document root directory of webserver. I want to encrypt the whole source code in the document root directory in such a way that it should not effect the working of the web application. Is there is any way to encrypt the Python, HTML, CSS & JavaScript for this purpose.

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• Entry / JR Php Programmer - What do I learn next?

  - by dtj

  I got very interested in programming toward the end of college. Took a few classes, but learned most everything on my own via books and such. Its mostly been Php and MySQL. Right out of school, I got a job working at a company for 2 years (web media) and ended up learning a lot of stuff and programming some things for them. I am no longer at that company but I am looking for my next steps as a programmer. I really enjoy Web Development and Php and MySQL seems to be my thing. Basically, I know how to do CRUD operations, i am mediocre at OOP and still have more to learn, I know HTML and CSS quite well, I know my way around a Unix terminal and can access MySQL through it and set up cron jobs and such. I know some basic Javascript. Whats a good next step? I don't anything about 3rd party services, PDO, APIs (twitter, facebook, etc), Drupal / Joomla, Unit Testing, E-Commerce, PECL, PEAR ....in other words A LOT I get easily overwhelmed by the amount of stuff there is to learn, so I'm sort of trying to find a path. Right now, I'm digging into OOP more, as that seems like a good conceptual first-step. Any suggestions?

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• A new CAPTCHA using sentences?

  - by Xeoncross

  I was just thinking about how recaptcha is getting harder when I thought about another posible solution. Images won't last forever so we will need something else some day - like human logic or emotion. Google and others are trying grouping images by category (find the image that doesn't belong) but that requires a large amount of images and doesn't work for the blind. Anyway, what if a massive collection of text was gathered (public-domain books from each language) and a sentence was shown to the user with 1 (or 2) words that were a select box of choices? Only computers that knew correct English/Spanish/German grammar would be able to tell which of the words belonged in the sentence. Would there be any problems with this approach? I would assume that it would be easy enough for anyone that knew the language that the sentense was displayed in to figure out the answer easier than trying to read the reCAPTCHA text. Plus, storing an insane number of sentences would only take a couple gigabytes of space and wouldn't take anywhere near the CPU time creating images/audio takes. In other words, anyone could host their own captcha system with minimal impact on system performance. Is there a problem with this approach? More specifically I'm looking for the main problem with this approach. migrated from stackoverflow

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• Why are most websites optimized for viewing in portrait mode?

  - by NVM

  I simply cannot figure this out. Almost all monitors have an aspect ratio where width is much bigger than the height and yet almost all websites are designed exactly for the other way round? I am not really a web developer and am just experimenting stuff at the moment but this madness baffles me!!! Edit: The point is not that I would like to limit the height of a website. The point is that I'd wat it to somehow fill all available space when I have my 1920x1080 in landscape mode. Edit 2: See this to understand what I am saying

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• Why don't computers store decimal numbers as a second whole number?

  - by SomeKittens

  Computers have trouble storing fractional numbers where the denominator is something other than a solution to 2^x. This is because the first digit after the decimal is worth 1/2, the second 1/4 (or 1/(2^1) and 1/(2^2)) etc. Why deal with all sorts of rounding errors when the computer could have just stored the decimal part of the number as another whole number (which is therefore accurate?) The only thing I can think of is dealing with repeating decimals (in base 10), but there could have been an edge solution to that (like we currently have with infinity).

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• Introducing Programming To a Mathematician

  - by ell

  I currently am a programmer, I'm almost 16 years of age and have pretty much narrowed my careers down to something involving a Computer Science degree or Electrical Engineering degree (I know they are quite different but this question is about my friend) but my friend isn't so sure. He is very interested in maths and is very good at it and I think he would enjoy programming but he isn't willing to try it (edit he is willing to try but has never done before). Can anyone give me an suggestions for a language or tool that he could dabble in programming (at a reasonably basic level I assume) to solve maths problems or involve some kind of maths. As I say he enjoys maths a lot but I think he would enjoy programming, the problem is I don't want him to be put off by the stuff that isn't relevant at introductory levels such as memory allocation et al. I know that is very important but the point is that I want him to learn a bit of programming with maths then hopefully if he is interested enough he can start learning programming as programming. Thanks in advance, ell. Edit: Its not that he's completely uninterested - more that he hasn't actively explored the area before, maybe because he isn't informed about it. I wouldn't want to force him to do something he doesn't want to, I see this as more of a little push so that he can learn about programming. If he doesn't like it - fair enough, I can't control that and don't want to but if he turns out to enjoy it - this push will have been the right thing.

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• How to deal with different programming styles in a team?

  - by user3287

  We have a small dev team (only 3 developers) and we recently got a new team member. While he is a smart coder, his coding style is completely different from ours. Our existing code base contains mostly readable, clean and maintainable code, but the new team member is quickly changing many files, introducing ugly hacks and shortcuts, using defines all over the place, adding functions in the wrong places, etc. My question is if others have experienced such a situation before, and if anyone has tips on how to talk to him.

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• Is NAN suitable for communicating that an invalid parameter was involved in a calculation?

  - by Arman

  I am currently working on a numerical processing system that will be deployed in a performance-critical environment. It takes inputs in the form of numerical arrays (these use the eigen library, but for the purpose of this question that's perhaps immaterial), and performs some range of numerical computations (matrix products, concatenations, etc.) to produce outputs. All arrays are allocated statically and their sizes are known at compile time. However, some of the inputs may be invalid. In these exceptional cases, we still want the code to be computed and we still want outputs not "polluted" by invalid values to be used. To give an example, let's take the following trivial example (this is pseudo-code): Matrix a = {1, 2, NAN, 4}; // this is the "input" matrix Scalar b = 2; Matrix output = b * a; // this results in {2, 4, NAN, 8} The idea here is that 2, 4 and 8 are usable values, but the NAN should signal to the receipient of the data that that entry was involved in an operation that involved an invalid value, and should be discarded (this will be detected via a std::isfinite(value) check before the value is used). Is this a sound way of communicating and propagating unusable values, given that performance is critical and heap allocation is not an option (and neither are other resource-consuming constructs such as boost::optional or pointers)? Are there better ways of doing this? At this point I'm quite happy with the current setup but I was hoping to get some fresh ideas or productive criticism of the current implementation.

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• What kind of code would Kent Beck avoid unit testing?

  - by tieTYT

  I've been watching a few of the Is TDD Dead? talks on youtube, and one of the things that surprised me is Kent Beck seems to acknowledge that there are just some kinds of programs that aren't worth unit testing. For example, right here DHH says that Kent Beck is ... very happy to say "Well, TDD doesn't fit in this case, I'm just going to bail" It's frustrating to me that Kent Beck seems to acknowledge this, but nobody asks him to elaborate on it or give concrete examples. I'd like to know the situations where Kent Beck thinks TDD is a bad fit. Nobody can read his mind or speak for him, but I'm hoping he's been transparent enough through his books/tweets/whatever for someone to be able to answer. I'm not necessarily going to take what he says as gospel, but it would be useful to know that the times I've tried TDD and it just felt impossible/useless are situations that he would have bailed on it himself. Or, if it turned out he would have tested that code it'd suggest to me that I was approaching the process very wrong. I also think it would be enlightening to understand why he would bail on such projects. My opinion on why this is not a duplicate of "When is it appropriate to not unit test?" After skimming those answers I'm not satisfied. For example, look at UncleBob's answer. He doesn't even acknowledge that such a situation exists. I really think there's value in understanding Kent Beck's position, not just a general, "What's your opinion?" type of question. After all, he's the father of TDD.

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