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• How and why are operating systems bootable from a USB?

  - by user114638

  I'm told to install ubuntu on my laptop for work in order to learn shell scripting. I've read the best way is to install ubuntu on a USB stick and partition my HDD. I'm curious how an OS is bootable from a USB stick? Is it literally just a small interface that can be put anywhere? This reminds me of a time I downloaded a game onto my USB stick, when I brought it to my friends house he told me it will run slow if I don't install it and only run it from the usb, is this different from running ubuntu from a usb? Will ubuntu be slow?

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• Books or help on OO Analysis

  - by Pat

  I have this course where we learn about the domain model, use cases, contracts and eventually leap into class diagrams and sequence diagrams to define good software classes. I just had an exam and I got trashed, but part of the reason is we barely have any practical material, I spent at least two good months without drawing a single class diagram by myself from a case study. I'm not here to blame the system or the class I'm in, I'm just wondering if people have some exercise-style books that either provide domain models with glossaries, system sequence diagrams and ask you to use GRASP to make software classes? I could really use some alone-time practicing going from analysis to conception of software entities. I'm almost done with Larman's book called "Applying UML and Patterns An Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design and Iterative Development, Third Edition". It's a good book, but I'm not doing anything by myself since it doesn't come with exercises. Thanks.

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• Can I use a project code which has New BSD license but uses a GPL license library?

  - by Alok Kulkarni

  I want to use the ICSOpenVpn project source code in my commercial application. If we see the ICSOpenVpn project, it states that its license is New BSD but the libopenvpn.so library it uses is under GNU GPLv2 license. As per FAQ for version 2 of GNU GPL "If a library is released under the GPL (not the LGPL), does that mean that any program which uses it has to be under the GPL?" The answer says: "Yes, because the program as it is actually run includes the library." Also, how could ICSOpenVpn change the license to New BSD?

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• eBook editions of programming books

  - by Jon Hopkins

  (I'll get my justification for why this is on topic in early: programming books tend to have fairly specific formatting needs - code samples, tables, images and graphs - which are not common to all book types and are not necessarily well handled by eBook readers. Similarly they're used in different ways - you often dip in and out rather than read cover to cover.) I've just noticed that Don't Make Me Think by Steve Krug is available as an eBook edition for the Kindle (and presumably also for other readers) which set me thinking. There are certain advantages to eBook readers for tech books - primarily that you can carry a massive library of what would be heavy physical books around very easily. The downside is that certain eBook readers allegedly aren't particularly well equipped to cope with tables, code samples and so on and a book like Don't Make Me Think presumably makes extensive use of these sorts of things. So, the question, what are your experiences of reading and using programming books on an eBook reader and would you recommend it? I'm specifically interested in the latest generation Kindle but happy to hear about all devices - might be useful to state which one you use in the answer.

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• Caching strategies for entities and collections

  - by Rob West

  We currently have an application framework in which we automatically cache both entities and collections of entities at the business layer (using .NET cache). So the method GetWidget(int id) checks the cache using a key GetWidget_Id_{0} before hitting the database, and the method GetWidgetsByStatusId(int statusId) checks the cache using GetWidgets_Collections_ByStatusId_{0}. If the objects are not in the cache they are retrieved from the database and added to the cache. This approach is obviously quick for read scenarios, and as a blanket approach is quick for us to implement, but requires large numbers of cache keys to be purged when CRUD operations are carried out on entities. Obviously as additional methods are added this impacts performance and the benefits of caching diminish. I'm interested in alternative approaches to handling caching of collections. I know that NHibernate caches a list of the identifiers in the collection rather than the actual entities. Is this an approach other people have tried - what are the pros and cons? In particular I am looking for options that optimise performance and can be implemented automatically through boilerplate generated code (we have our own code generation tool). I know some people will say that caching needs to be done by hand each time to meet the needs of the specific situation but I am looking for something that will get us most of the way automatically.

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• Introducing Programming To a Mathematician

  - by ell

  I currently am a programmer, I'm almost 16 years of age and have pretty much narrowed my careers down to something involving a Computer Science degree or Electrical Engineering degree (I know they are quite different but this question is about my friend) but my friend isn't so sure. He is very interested in maths and is very good at it and I think he would enjoy programming but he isn't willing to try it (edit he is willing to try but has never done before). Can anyone give me an suggestions for a language or tool that he could dabble in programming (at a reasonably basic level I assume) to solve maths problems or involve some kind of maths. As I say he enjoys maths a lot but I think he would enjoy programming, the problem is I don't want him to be put off by the stuff that isn't relevant at introductory levels such as memory allocation et al. I know that is very important but the point is that I want him to learn a bit of programming with maths then hopefully if he is interested enough he can start learning programming as programming. Thanks in advance, ell. Edit: Its not that he's completely uninterested - more that he hasn't actively explored the area before, maybe because he isn't informed about it. I wouldn't want to force him to do something he doesn't want to, I see this as more of a little push so that he can learn about programming. If he doesn't like it - fair enough, I can't control that and don't want to but if he turns out to enjoy it - this push will have been the right thing.

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• Bitbucket and a small development house

  - by Marlon

  I am in the process of finally rolling Mercurial as our version control system at work. This is a huge deal for everyone as, shockingly, they have never used a VCS. After months of putting the bug in management's ears, they finally saw the light and now realise how much better it is than working with a network of shared folders! In the process of rolling this out, I am thinking of different strategies to manage our stuff and I am leaning towards using Bitbucket as our "central" repository. The projects in Bitbucket will solely be private projects and everyone will push and pull from there. I am open to different suggestions, but has anyone got a similar setup? If so, what caveats have you encountered?

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• What are the canonical problem sets or problem domains for the different types of languages?

  - by SnOrfus

  I'm just wondering what some of the canonical problem sets are for certain types of languages? ie. Fill in the blanks: __ is the perfect language to use for solving __. The question was arrived at reading or hearing people say statements like such and such module in our codebase would be much easier to implement using a functional language. Fee free to include examples that would seem obvious to you.

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• Should my colleagues review each others code from source control system?

  - by Daniel Excinsky

  Hi everybody. So that's my story: one of my colleagues uses to review all the code, hosted to revision system. I'm not speaking about adequate review of changes in parts that he belongs to. He watches the code file to file, line to line. Every new file and every modified. I feel just like being spied on! My guess is that if code was already hosted to control system, you should trust it as workable at least. My question is, maybe I'm just too paranoiac and practice of reviewing each others code is good? P.S: We're team of only three developers, and I fear that if there will be more of us, colleague just won't have time to review all the the code we'll write.

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• Finding co-maintainers for open source projects

  - by Mike Samuel

  I have a number of open-source projects that have gotten some significant usage and would like to find co-maintainers so that I am not a bottleneck when it comes to maintenance and support requests and to get other perspectives on how the project should evolve. Where should I look for co-maintainers, what should I look for in a co-maintainer, and how should I go about bringing them up to speed on the code and maintainer responsibilities?

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• Looking for reading material on application architecture with web UI

  - by toong

  I'm looking for articles (or other reading material) on the topic of fat client applications with a web UI layer. Open-source projects that use this architecture would be very interesting too. Such an application would embed one (or more) browser-window(s) (chromiumembedded for example). You would need bidirectional communication between your web-UI and your domain model/services. I think this allows quick prototyping the UI, a clean separation between logic and UI and potentially easier portability across platforms (compared to WinForms for example). But that is just my view, I was looking for the view of people who have been on that road. An example of an application using a web-ui layer is Light Table. Unfortunately it is not open source (at this point?).

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• How can I send audio input as chunked HTTP?

  - by Noli

  I am trying to create an interface with an external server, and don't know where to start. I would need to take audio as input to my computer, and send it to the remote server as a chunked HTTP request. The api that i'm trying to connect to is described here p1-5 http://dragonmobile.nuancemobiledeveloper.com/public/Help/HttpInterface/HTTP_Services_for_NDEV_v1.2_Silver_Version.pdf I have never worked with audio programmatically, so don't know what would be the most straighforward way to go about this? Are there solutions that exist out there that already do this? I've come across references to Shoutcast, VLC, Icecast, FFMPeg, Darkice, but I don't know if those are appropriate for what I'm trying to accomplish or not. Would appreciate any guidance, Thanks

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• Building a database class in PHP

  - by Sprottenwels

  I wonder if I should write a database class for my application, and if so, how to accomplish it? Over there on SO, a guy mentioned it should be written as an abstract class. However, I can't understand why this would be a benefit. Do I understand correctly, that if I would write an abstract class, every other class that methods will need a database connection, could simply extend this abstract class and have it's own database object? If so, how is this different from a "normal" class where I could instantiate an database object? Another method would be to completely forget about my own class and to instantiate a mysqli object on demand. What do you recommend?

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• Handling changes to data types and entries in a database migration

  - by jandjorgensen

  I'm fully redesigning a site that indexes a number of articles with basic search functionality. The previous site was written about a decade ago, and I'm salvaging about 30,000 entries with data stored in less-than-ideal formats. While I'm moving from MSSQL to MySQL, I don't need to make any "live" changes, so this is not a production-level migration issue so much as a redesign. For instance, dates are stored the same as tags/subjects about the articles, but in strings as "YYYYMMDDd" (the lowercase d stands for "date" in the string). Essentially, before or after I move from the previous database format to a new one, I'm going to need to do a lot of replacement of individual entries. While I understand how to do operations with regular expressions in non-database issues, my database experience isn't robust enough to know the best way to handle this. What is the best (or standard) way to handle major changes like this? Is there an SQL operation I should be looking into? Please let me know if the problem isn't clear--I'm not entirely sure what kind of answer I'm looking for.

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• What simple game is good to learn OO principles?

  - by Bogdan Gavril

  I have to come up with a project propsal for my students, here are some details: The design should be gove over OO concepts: encapsulation, interfaces, inheritance, abstract classes Idealy a game, to keep interest high No GUI, just the console Effective time to finish this: ~ 6 days (1 person per proj) I have found one nice example of a game with carnivore and herbivore cells in a drop of water (array), it's a game of life twist. It is a bit too simple. Any ideeas? Aditional info: - language is C#

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• Data migration - dangerous or essential?

  - by MRalwasser

  The software development department of my company is facing with the problem that data migrations are considered as potentially dangerous, especially for my managers. The background is that our customers are using a large amount of data with poor quality. The reasons for this is only partially related to our software quality, but rather to the history of the data: Most of them have been migrated from predecessor systems, some bugs caused (mostly business) inconsistencies in the data records or misentries by accident on the customer's side (which our software allowed by error). The most important counter-arguments from my managers are that faulty data may turn into even worse data, the data troubles may awake some managers at the customer and some processes on the customer's side may not work anymore because their processes somewhat adapted to our system. Personally, I consider data migrations as an integral part of the software development and that data migration can been seen to data what refactoring is to code. I think that data migration is an essential for creating software that evolves. Without it, we would have to create painful software which somewhat works around a bad data structure. I am asking you: What are your thoughts to data migration, especially for the real life cases and not only from a developer's perspecticve? Do you have any arguments against my managers opinions? How does your company deal with data migrations and the difficulties caused by them? Any other interesting thoughts which belongs to this topics?

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• How to 'reproduce copyright` in an app?

  - by ohho

  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. The above is quoted from a BSD licensed COPYING file. How can I "reproduce the above copyright" when I distribute my app in binary form? Should I put the COPYING file content in some Credit/About screen of my app or what? Thanks!

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• What programming languages should every computer science student be taught?

  - by Anto

  What languages (or classes (as in paradigms) of programming languages, plus a recommended language of that class) should every computer science student be taught in college according to you? Motivate your answers; why that language? What use will one have from it? What concepts does it teach (better than language X does)? Note/clarification: This question is about computer science with heavy focus on software engineering, not pure computer science. It is still computer science education and not software engineering education which is the focus.

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• LSP vs OCP / Liskov Substitution VS Open Close

  - by Kolyunya

  I am trying to understand the SOLID principles of OOP and I've come to the conclusion that LSP and OCP have some similarities (if not to say more). the open/closed principle states "software entities (classes, modules, functions, etc.) should be open for extension, but closed for modification". LSP in simple words states that any instance of Foo can be replaced with any instance of Bar which is derived from Foo and the program will work the same very way. I'm not a pro OOP programmer, but it seems to me that LSP is only possible if Bar, derived from Foo does not change anything in it but only extends it. That means that in particular program LSP is true only when OCP is true and OCP is true only if LSP is true. That means that they are equal. Correct me if I'm wrong. I really want to understand these ideas. Great thanks for an answer.

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• Moving from building internal applications as WPF to ASP NET MVC?

  - by stuartmclark

  I have worked on quite a few internal applications for my work and I have always defaulted to using WPF, but I am considering re-writing existing ones into a web app. This is so that anyone in my company can use it without having to download anything from the network. I am just wondering if this is the way forward with any development of new internal applications? So, should I stop using WPF and start using ASP.NET MVC for internal applications that a lot of people need to use?

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• No specific goal for building web applications but could be in the next few months! so, which web server side language is better for me? [closed]

  - by Goma

  I didn't put a specific goal for building websites and web applications yet, but I will may know where I am going exactly in the next few months. Generally I am looking for good web development language that I don't need to change at least in the next 5 years. I want it to serve me in dfferent categories, for building small websites, medium websites and it could help me in finding a good job or working as a freelancer. Any suggestions?

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• What is the way to understand someone else's giant uncommented spaghetti code? [closed]

  - by Anisha Kaul

  Possible Duplicate: I’ve inherited 200K lines of spaghetti code — what now? I have been recently handled a giant multithreaded program with no comments and have been asked to understand what it does, and then to improve it (if possible). Are there some techniques which should be followed when we need to understand someone else's code? OR do we straightaway start from the first function call and go on tracking next function calls? C++ (with multi-threading) on Linux

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• When to use abstract classes instead of interfaces and extension methods in C#?

  - by Gulshan

  "Abstract class" and "interface" are similar type of ideas, while interface being more abstract. One need of abstract classes was to provide method implementations for the derived classes. But in C#, that need has also been reduced by lately introduced extension methods. So, in C#, when should we use abstract classes instead of using interfaces and extension methods associated with the interface? And now, we can use 'Properties' in interfaces also. A notable example of interface+ extension methods is the Heavily used IEnumerable and it's helper methods. You use Linq and it's all by this extension methods!

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• Is there an established or defined best practice for source control branching between development and production builds?

  - by Matthew Patrick Cashatt

  Thanks for looking. I struggled in how to phrase my question, so let me give an example in hopes of making more clear what I am after: I currently work on a dev team responsible for maintaining and adding features to a web application. We have a development server and we use source control (TFS). Each day everyone checks in their code and when the code (running on the dev server) passes our QA/QC program, it goes to production. Recently, however, we had a bug in production which required an immediate production fix. The problem was that several of us developers had code checked in that was not ready for production so we had to either quickly complete and QA the code, or roll back everything, undo pending changes, etc. In other words, it was a mess. This made me wonder: Is there an established design pattern that prevents this type of scenario. It seems like there must be some "textbook" answer to this, but I am unsure what that would be. Perhaps a development branch of the code and a "release-ready" or production branch of the code?

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• Correct definition of the term "Yak Shaving"

  - by StevenWilkins

  The wiktionary has two different definitions: Any apparently useless activity which, by allowing you to overcome intermediate difficulties, allows you to solve a larger problem. The actually useless activity you do that appears important when you are consciously or unconsciously procrastinating about a larger problem. This post defines it as: yak shaving is what you are doing when you're doing some stupid, fiddly little task that bears no obvious relationship to what you're supposed to be working on, but yet a chain of twelve causal relations links what you're doing to the original meta-task. I personally prefer the final definition because it contains the word "fiddly" which I think perfectly describes a typical yak shaving task. What is the best definition you've come across or can provide?

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