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  • Why doesn't Python have a "flatten" function for lists?

    - by Hubro
    Erlang and Ruby both come with functions for flattening arrays. It seems like such a simple and useful tool to add to a language. One could do this: >>> mess = [[1, [2]], 3, [[[4, 5]], 6]] >>> mess.flatten() [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] Or even: >>> import itertools >>> mess = [[1, [2]], 3, [[[4, 5]], 6]] >>> list(itertools.flatten(mess)) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] Instead, in Python, one has to go through the trouble of writing a function for flattening arrays from scratch. This seems silly to me, flattening arrays is such a common thing to do. It's like having to write a custom function for concatenating two arrays. I have Googled this fruitlessly, so I'm asking here; is there a particular reason why a mature language like Python 3, which comes with a hundred thousand various batteries included, doesn't provide a simple method of flattening arrays? Has the idea of including such a function been discussed and rejected at some point?

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  • C++ difference between "char *" and "char * = new char[]"

    - by nashmaniac
    So, if I want to declare an array of characters I can go this way char a[2]; char * a ; char * a = new char[2]; Ignoring the first declaration, the other two use pointers. As far as I know the third declaration is stored in heap and is freed using the delete operator . does the second declaration also hold the array in heap ? Does it mean that if something is stored in heap and not freed can be used anywhere in a file like a variable with file linkage ? I tried both third and second declaration in one function and then using the variable in another but it didn't work, why ? Are there any other differences between the second and third declarations ?

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  • What is the best policy for allowing clients to change email?

    - by Steve Konves
    We are developing a web application with a fairly standard registration process which requires a client/user to verify their email address before they are allowed to use the site. The site also allows users to change their email address after verification (with a re-type email field, as well). What are the pros and cons of having the user re-verify their email. Is this even needed? EDIT: Summary of answers and comments below: "Over-verification annoys people, so don't use it unless critical Use a "re-type email" field to prevent typos Beware of overwriting known good data with potentially good data Send email to old for notification; to new for verification Don't assume that the user still has access to the old email Identify impact of incorrect email if account is compromised

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  • Newbie seeking advice on programming in general

    - by user974685
    need some of you to remember back to a time when you might have been bad at programming... Been at my new job (as a software developer) for a couple of months now, passed probation period. Have very little programming experience (C++ only) and am currently working with asp.net MVC and silverlight. So there's a website the company has been working on and I am joining the effort to make it better, iron out bugs etc. The problem is - learning about a system/website which has already been made, via visual studio. I ALWAYS feel HUGELY overwhelmed, never knowing which part of this line should I look up, and generally having lots of trouble getting the big picture. Visual studio itself is something I'm finding it difficult to get to grips with, let alone the asp.net framework. I get the impression that because my coworkers have more experience than me, they are getting all the good jobs, and I am left with crap to do - stuff which is not even vaguely programming. Meaning they are learning/creating more, and I am learning/creating near nothing. I'm getting demoralised, and too scared to say anything. I'm not stupid, I've read and practiced plenty of the fundamental programming concepts...I'm just bloody scared of this damn framework. I look at it and just feel paralyzed. The result is that I keep asking the older veteran guy of questions, and he is getting irritated, and would rather give me easy/mindless/non programming jobs to avoid wasting time with helping me out. Then when I don't understand something, I'm hesitating about whether or not I should ask him yet, and trying to decide if it would be a waste of time. I'm the kind of person who picks things up slowly, but with a lot of attention to detail. The former I think is making me look incompetent though. Anyone get where I'm coming from please say something helpful....I'm scared of losing my job in a few months or something...

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  • PHP MYSQL loop to check if LicenseID Values are contained in mysql DB [closed]

    - by Jasper
    I have some troubles to find the right loop to check if some values are contained in mysql DB. I'm making a software and I want to add license ID. Each user has x keys to use. Now when the user start the client, it invokes a PHP page that check if the Key sent in the POST method is stored in DB or not. If that key isn't store than I need to check the number of his keys. If it's than X I'll ban him otherwise i add the new keys in the DB. I'm new with PHP and MYSQL. I wrote this code and I would know if I can improve it. <?php $user = POST METHOD $licenseID = POST METHOD $resultLic= mysql_query("SELECT id , idUser , idLicense FROM license WHERE idUser = '$user'") or die(mysql_error()); $resultNumber = mysql_num_rows($resultLic); $keyFound = '0'; // If keyfound is 1 the key is stored in DB while ($rows = mysql_fetch_array($resultLic,MYSQL_BOTH)) { //this loop check if the $licenseID is stored in DB or not for($i=0; $i< $resultNumber ; i++) { if($rows['idLicense'] === $licenseID) { //Just for the debug echo("License Found"); $keyFound = '1'; break; } //If key isn't in DB and there are less than 3 keys the new key will be store in DB if($keyfound == '0' && $resultNumber < 3) { mysql_query( Update users set ...Store $licenseID in Table) } // Else mean that the user want user another generated key (from the client) in the DB and i will be ban (It's wrote in TOS terms that they cant use the software on more than 3 different station) else { mysql_query( update users set ban ='1'.....etc ); } } ?> I know that this code seems really bad so i would know how i can improve it. Someone Could give me any advice? I choose to have 2 tables: users where all information about the users is, with fields id, username, password and another table license with fields id, idUsername, idLicense (the last one store license that the software generate)

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  • Starting a career in quantitative finance

    - by Vitor Braga
    I've been reading John Hull book (Options, Futures and Other Derivatives) mostly on curiosity. I've read other books about financial markets in the past (like Elder's Trading for Living and the novel Reminiscences of a Stock Operator). But I'm really hooked by the John Hull book. My background is mostly scientific computing: number crunching, visualization and image processing. Mostly in C++, with some C, Fortran, Python, Ruby here and there. I've been thinking on moving on to quantitative finance - I'd like to do that. What would be the best way to start? Any tips?

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  • Is this kind of Design by Contract useless?

    - by Charlie Pigarelli
    I've just started informatics university and I'm attending a programming course about C(++). The programming professor prefers to teach very few things (in 3 month we have just reached the functions topic) and connect every topic with a type of programming design that somehow is similar to the Design by Contract design. Basically what he ask us to do is to write every exercise with comments Pre-conditions, Post-conditions and Invariants that should prove the correctness of each program we write. But this doesn't make any sense to me. I mean, ok: maybe writing down your thoughts prevent you from doing some mistakes, but if this is all an abstract thing, then if your program intuition is wrong you'll write your program wrong and then you'll also write pre and post conditions wrong probably auto convincing your self about its correctness. Most of the time, both me and other students have written programs that seemed ok and that had correct pre and post condition too. But at the moment of testing it was just completely wrong. I had some experience before this course of programming and I had written a lot of line of code before and I found myself comfortably with just writing a program and unit test it. It take less time to accomplish and is less "abstract" than just thinking about what every single piece of your program should do in every case (which is kinda like mentally testing it). Finally, all this pre and post conditions takes me like 80% of the total time of the exercise. It's harder to think about putting down this pre and post correct than to write the program itself. Since we are like the only course of the only university probably in the entire world that makes this things, could someone please tell me how should I manage this thing? Am I right thinking that this doesn't worth anything? Should I change university? (there are like double of the people attending that course and it seems that usually very few people passes the exam the first year). Should I convince myself it's method is right?

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  • Working as Test Engineer and looking to move into Identity Management Technology. Possible?

    - by Aditi Bhatnagar
    I have been working as Test Engineer for past 2.5 year. The project is related to Identity Management and I am in love with the technology. I want to move into the same field. I don't aim to be a hard core coder but rather an analyst or an IDM architect. Is it realistically possible to do so? I see some possible issues, since the field is fairly new in India and for the time being I don't have coding/deployment experience at all. If it is nonetheless possible to switch into this new technology, what kind of effort I have to put in? What are the possible steps that you can suggest to try this switch?

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  • May I make an installer bundle GPL and payware together?

    - by Volomike
    I have an affiliate marketing client who needs to know if I can program this. Can I do one or both of the following scenarios without violating the GPL license? Scenario A: Make a software installer for a GPL licensed product which includes source, binaries, and license info. The installer also has a checkbox for installing optional software that's payware. (In this case, the payware is free crippleware, but has a registration upsell to provide more features.) The two products will not share libraries or anything else. Scenario B: Same as A, but reversed. So, the installer installs the payware, but there's a checkbox to also install the GPL software. And, again, when you install the GPL software, it comes with binaries, source, and license info.

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  • Books or help on OO Analysis

    - by Pat
    I have this course where we learn about the domain model, use cases, contracts and eventually leap into class diagrams and sequence diagrams to define good software classes. I just had an exam and I got trashed, but part of the reason is we barely have any practical material, I spent at least two good months without drawing a single class diagram by myself from a case study. I'm not here to blame the system or the class I'm in, I'm just wondering if people have some exercise-style books that either provide domain models with glossaries, system sequence diagrams and ask you to use GRASP to make software classes? I could really use some alone-time practicing going from analysis to conception of software entities. I'm almost done with Larman's book called "Applying UML and Patterns An Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design and Iterative Development, Third Edition". It's a good book, but I'm not doing anything by myself since it doesn't come with exercises. Thanks.

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  • Developing an internet-enabled application as a Kiosk on Windows 7

    - by maple_shaft
    I am finalizing development of a desktop Java application that communicates with an outside web server, and now I need to start seriously considering deployment. This application will run on a large touchscreen all-in-one workstation running Windows 7. It will be located in a public-area and thus must be LOCKED-DOWN Hanibal Lecter style. Early in the project nobody really concerned themselves with this fact just assuming that we can buy some magical software for Windows 7 that will automatically take care of all this, however I am finding now that this looks to be a LOT more complicated than my manager ever thought. I need to: - Lock down the standard hot-keys (ALT+TAB, ALT+CTRL+DEL, etc...) Prevent the user from opening ANY programs other than the kiosk application and its spawned executables Prevent the user from closing the application Start the kiosk application on startup (this can be done without kiosk software) Auto-login to Windows on reboot (Windows Updates, power failure, bratty kid pressing the power button, etc...) Administrator passcode escape sequence for routine maintenance by desktop support professionals. To my dismay I am having a really hard time finding software that contains the whole package and am finding numerous swaths of competing information on the best way to do this. I am not necessarily looking for free or open source software and am willing to pay for software that can help me achieve this. Have any of you ever wrote kiosk software before and if so what approaches have you taken to do this?

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  • Demonstrate bad code to client?

    - by jtiger
    I have a new client that has asked me to do a redesign of their website, an ASP.NET Webforms application that was developed by another consultant. It seemed straight-forward (it never is) but I took a look at the code to make sure I knew what I was in for. This application was not written well. At all. It is extremely vulnerable to SQL Injection attacks, business logic is spread throughout the entire application, a lot of duplication, and dead end code that does nothing. On top of that, it keeps throwing exceptions that are being smothered, so it all appears to be running smoothly. My job is to simply update the html and css, but much of the html is being generated in business logic and would be a nightmare for me to sort everything out. My estimates on the redesign were longer than the client was aiming for, and they are asking why so long. How can I explain to my client just how bad this code is? In their mind, the application is running great and the redesign should be a quick one-off. It's my word against the previous consultant, so how can I actually give simple, concrete examples that a non-technical client would understand?

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  • How to know which fields of a record are updated in saving the edit? [closed]

    - by Luiz Maffort
    I'm recording in a log table all that is changed in a given table, so this need to know when for example the User to change the status from active to inactive. With this information I will write in my log table information of which record was changed, by whom and what was the value of old and new. If I instantiate an object before: db.Entry(chamados).State = EntityState.Modified; I can even compare, but this error appears at runtime. *An object with the same key already exists in the ObjectStateManager. The ObjectStateManager cannot track multiple objects with the same key. * Podem me ajudar por favor?

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  • controlling an object through another object ?

    - by Stefano Borini
    Today I've seen the following pattern: you have an object A and an object B. Object B accepts a pointer to A at its constructor. Once B is created, there's a method B.doCalc() that performs a calculation (internally using A's information). The result is obtained with method B.getResult(). In order to perform another calculation, A is modified, and B.doCalc() is called again. What is your opinion on this choice ? I would have designed it differently, but I want to hear your voice. Edit : note that my main objection is to modify A to have a different result from B, without touching B. Although similar, I think that just this discipline expresses a much better feeling of what's going on. Instead of a = new A a.whatever = 5 b = new B(a) b.doCalc() res = b.getResult() a.whatever = 6 b.doCalc() res = b.getResult() You get the a pointer object from b itself. a = new A a.whatever = 5 b = new B(a) b.doCalc() res = b.getResult() a = b.getAPointer() a.whatever = 6 b.doCalc() res = b.getResult() because it makes more explicit the fact that a is taken from b and then modified. I still don't like it, though...

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  • Online training modules / programs for best software engineering practices?

    - by Steve
    We're taking over a team in a foreign country and the programming standards there aren't up to par with US standards. Folks there lack the formal training and basic understanding of computing concepts of databases, how computers work, what good software engineering practices are. Short of sending these ppl to college again, are there good online courses available that we can enroll them into so that they can upgrade their skills? I am specifically looking for online training courses, but recommendations for books are also welcome. This is language-agnostic.

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  • What is the best practice for when to check if something needs to be done?

    - by changokun
    Let's say I have a function that does x. I pass it a variable, and if the variable is not null, it does some action. And I have an array of variables and I'm going to run this function on each one. Inside the function, it seems like a good practice is to check if the argument is null before proceeding. A null argument is not an error, it just causes an early return. I could loop through the array and pass each value to the function, and the function will work great. Is there any value to checking if the var is null and only calling the function if it is not null during the loop? This doubles up on the checking for null, but: Is there any gained value? Is there any gain on not calling a function? Any readability gain on the loop in the parent code? For the sake of my question, let's assume that checking for null will always be the case. I can see how checking for some object property might change over time, which makes the first check a bad idea. Pseudo code example: for(thing in array) { x(thing) } Versus: for(thing in array) { if(thing not null) x(thing) } If there are language-specific concerns, I'm a web developer working in PHP and JavaScript.

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  • Developing professionally for both iOS, Android, web - an insight

    - by Scott Roberts
    This is not really a question on how to develop for both, I know various cross platform ways and so on. But I more want to know from developer standpoint how hard it is to basically develop iOS, Android and web apps? I am currently in my first job as a mobile/web developer. I have already developed my first iPhone/iPad app and now I have to develop the app for android because the web version I tried just didn't perform as well as needed and web databases just did not seem to make the cut. But I am not sure it's possible to be good at developing all 3 in terms of remembering all the api's etc. I wouldn't say I have an issue with the programming languages just how to use the api's for the various platforms. Also, all the other languages I look at, in my spare time, just feel like I am spreading myself to thin. Is it feasible for one person to be developing ios, android and web apps? Should I think about reducing it to iOS and web based apps? I develop everything by myself, so I have no one to discuss what the best solutions are for everything and I am just trying to workout as I go along. So any cross platform developers out there? Do companies have different teams for different platforms? Any insight would just help me get my head together. Hopefully this question makes sense.

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  • How to use multiple monitors effectivelly

    - by maaartinus
    I'm currently using a single monitor, since I see no value in something like this mentioned in this answer. It may be a good exercise for my neck, but besides of this I see no use therein at all. This amounts to 5760x1200 pixels, which is nearly 7M pixels, just fantastic, except for me not being a cyklop-han. The ratio of 24:5 is IMHO too bad for this to be usable. I don't even think that two 16:10 monitors side by side is a good idea. I never tried so I may be completely wrong, but I suppose that the 4:3 ratio would be much better for this. Or even 1:1, but no such thing is available (with some exceptions, either very expensive or very low resolution). Does anybody use two monitors arranged vertically (resulting in 16:20)? or two pivoted monitors side by side (resulting in 20:16)? or another such variant?

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  • May I use full-texted feed for my News Reader app?

    - by Mahdi Ghiasi
    I'm creating a news reader app. (Users will choose sources, but not the exact feed addresses. for example, they can choose Gizmodo but they will not see the exact url of Gizmodo's feed) Some of sources are giving partial feeds, and user must go to their website to read the complete article. My question is, May I make a fulltext version of their feed (for example, using this service) and use it instead of their feed in my News reader categories? Am I legally/ethically allowed to do this? What about using some other service like Readability? (Readability gives HTML page instead of feed as input, but anyway, output will be clean article without any advertises or such) Please note that some of these partial feeds may have some advertises inside, but the fulltext feed generators usually remove that advertises.

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  • Render Ruby object to interactive html

    - by AvImd
    I am developing a tool that discovers network services enabled on host and writes short summary on them like this: init,1 +-- login,1560 -- +-- bash,1629 +-- nc,12137 -lup 50505 { :net = [ [0] "*:50505 IPv4 UDP " ], :fds = [ [0] "/root (cwd)", [1] "/", [2] "/bin/nc.traditional", [3] "/xochikit/ld_poison.so (stat: No such file or directory)", [4] "/dev/tty2", [5] "*:50505" ] } It proved to be very nice formatted and useful for quick discovery thanks to colors provided by the awesome_print gem. However, its output is just a text. One issue is that if I want to share it, I lose colors. I'd also like to fold and unfold parts of objects, quickly jump to specific processes and what not? Adding comments, for example. Thus I want something web-based. What is the best approach to implement features like these? I haven't worked with web interfaces before and I don't have much experience with Ruby.

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  • Best way to use GIT to maintain web application template

    - by Darren
    I am a sole developer and I have a web application template that I have created in Visual Studio. I am using GIT for source control, but only on my development machine. Presently I have a master and I create branches for new features, merging them back in to the master as I complete the features. I am at a point now where I am ready to use the template for deployments, and of course I want to continue adding new features via branching/merging. My question is: what would be the typical/recommended way for me to create application deployments based on the master? Should I clone the repository into a new directory that is for a particular web application? Or should I also use branching to do project development based on the main project? The projects would never be merged back into the master. However, it would be nice if I could merge future features into the master and have the ability to incorporate them into previously completed projects if desired. For more specific details of my environment: I am using TortoiseGIT in Windows 7, Visual Studio 2012, ASP.NET Web Pages. Obviously the main differences between deployments would simply be differing pages, CSS files and jQuery scripts. I found this post as I was writing this one. In order to do this should I clone the master repository and checkout from it?

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  • a young intellect asks: Python or Ruby for freelance?

    - by Sophia
    Hello, I'm Sophia. I have an interest in self-learning either Python, or Ruby. The primary reason for my interest is to make my life more stable by having freelance work = $. It seems that programming offers a way for me to escape my condition of poverty (I'm on the edge of homelessness right now) while at the same time making it possible for me to go to uni. I intend on being a math/philosophy major. I have messed with Python a little bit in the past, but it didn't click super well. The people who say I should choose Python say as much because it is considered a good first language/teaching language, and that it is general-purpose. The people who say I should choose Ruby point out that I'm a very right-brained thinker, and having multiple ways to do something will make it much easier for me to write good code. So, basically, I'm starting this thread as a dialog with people who know more than I do, as an attempt to make the decision. :-) I've thought about asking this in stackoverflow, but they're much more strict about closing threads than here, and I'm sort of worried my thread will be closed. :/ TL;DR Python or Ruby for freelance work opportunities ($) as a first language? Additional question (if anyone cares to answer): I have a personal feeling that if I devote myself to learning, I'd be worth hiring for a project in about 8 weeks of work. I base this on a conservative estimate of my intellectual capacities, as well as possessing motivation to improve my life. Is my estimate necessarily inaccurate? random tidbit: I'm in Portland, OR I'll answer questions that are asked of me, if I can help the accuracy and insight contained within the dialog.

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  • Session state provider and atomic operations

    - by vtortola
    Hi, I've been thinking about this and it is blowing my mind... How does a session state provider properly works internally? I mean, I tried to write a custom session state provider based on Azure Tables or Blobs, but quickly I realized that because there is no way to ensure an atomic operation or establish a lock, race conditions are suitable to happen when several web servers do operation on that shared information. I know that there is a SQL Server Session State Provider (SQLS-SSP) and people is happy with it, so I guess that it's using some kind of transaction isolation level in order to accomplish some degree of concurrent safety, like checking is the data is lock (a simple column), locking it if not and returning the data in an atomic operation, but is that so? what does happen if the data is lock? does it returns an error? block the call for a while? returns it in read-only fashion? Cloud computing paradigms could be somehow new, but webfarms have been here for a while, so as I'm pretty new on it... do you recommend any good lecture about the topic? Thanks.

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  • Is it better to load up a class with methods or extend member functionality in a local subclass?

    - by Calvin Fisher
    Which is better? Class #1: public class SearchClass { public SearchClass (string ProgramName) { /* Searches LocalFile objects, handles exceptions, and puts results into m_Results. */ } DateTime TimeExecuted; bool OperationSuccessful; protected List<LocalFile> m_Results; public ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> Results { get { return new ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile>(m_Results); } } #region Results Filters public DateTime OldestFileModified { get { /* Does what it says. */ } } public ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> ResultsWithoutProcessFiles() { return new ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> ((from x in m_Results where x.FileTypeID != FileTypeIDs.ProcessFile select x).ToList()); } #endregion } Or class #2: public class SearchClass { public SearchClass (string ProgramName) { /* Searches LocalFile objects, handles exceptions, and puts results into m_Results. */ } DateTime TimeExecuted; bool OperationSuccessful; protected List<LocalFile> m_Results; public ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> Results { get { return new ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile>(m_Results); } } public class SearchResults : ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> { public SearchResults(IList<LocalFile> iList) : base(iList) { } #region Results Filters public DateTime OldestFileModified { get { /* Does what it says. */ } } public ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> ResultsWithoutProcessFiles() { return new ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> ((from x in this where x.FileTypeID != FileTypeIDs.ProcessFile select x).ToList()); } #endregion } } ...with the implication that OperationSuccessful is accompanied by a number of more interesting properties on how the operation went, and OldestFileModified and ResultsWithoutProcessFiles() also have several more siblings in the Results Filters section.

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  • TDD - Outside In vs Inside Out

    - by Songo
    What is the difference between building an application Outside In vs building it Inside Out using TDD? These are the books I read about TDD and unit testing: Test Driven Development: By Example Test-Driven Development: A Practical Guide: A Practical Guide Real-World Solutions for Developing High-Quality PHP Frameworks and Applications Test-Driven Development in Microsoft .NET xUnit Test Patterns: Refactoring Test Code The Art of Unit Testing: With Examples in .Net Growing Object-Oriented Software, Guided by Tests---This one was really hard to understand since JAVA isn't my primary language :) Almost all of them explained TDD basics and unit testing in general, but with little mention of the different ways the application can be constructed. Another thing I noticed is that most of these books (if not all) ignore the design phase when writing the application. They focus more on writing the test cases quickly and letting the design emerge by itself. However, I came across a paragraph in xUnit Test Patterns that discussed the ways people approach TDD. There are 2 schools out there Outside In vs Inside Out. Sadly the book doesn't elaborate more on this point. I wish to know what is the main difference between these 2 cases. When should I use each one of them? To a TDD beginner which one is easier to grasp? What is the drawbacks of each method? Is there any materials out there that discuss this topic specifically?

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