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• segmentation fault in file operations in c

  - by mekasperasky

  #include<stdio.h> /* this is a lexer which recognizes constants , variables ,symbols, identifiers , functions , comments and also header files . It stores the lexemes in 3 different files . One file contains all the headers and the comments . Another file will contain all the variables , another will contain all the symbols. */ int main() { int i; char a,b[20],c; FILE *fp1; fp1=fopen("source.txt","r"); //the source file is opened in read only mode which will passed through the lexer //now lets remove all the white spaces and store the rest of the words in a file if(fp1==NULL) { perror("failed to open source.txt"); //return EXIT_FAILURE; } i=0; while(1) { a=fgetc(fp1); if(a !="") { b[i]=a; } else { fprintf(fp1, "%.20s\n", b); i=0; continue; } i=i+1; /*Switch(a) { case EOF :return eof; case '+':sym=sym+1; case '-':sym=sym+1; case '*':sym=sym+1; case '/':sym=sym+1; case '%':sym=sym+1; case ' */ } return 0; } how does this code end up in segmentation fault?

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• C Programing - Return libcurl http response to string to the calling function

  - by empty set

  I have a homework and i need somehow to compare two http responses. I am writing it on C (dumb decision) and i use libcurl to make things easier. I am calling the function that uses libcurl to http request and response from another function and i want to return the http response to it. Anyway, the code below doesn't work, any ideas? #include <stdio.h> #include <curl/curl.h> #include <string.h> size_t write_data(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *stream) { size_t written; written = fwrite(ptr, size, nmemb, stream); return written; } char *handle_url(void) { CURL *curl; char *fp; CURLcode res; char *url = "http://www.yahoo.com"; curl = curl_easy_init(); if (curl) { curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, url); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, write_data); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, fp); res = curl_easy_perform(curl); if(res != CURLE_OK) fprintf(stderr, "curl_easy_perform() failed: %s\n", curl_easy_strerror(res)); curl_easy_cleanup(curl); //printf("\n%s", fp); } return fp; } This solution C libcurl get output into a string works, but not in my case because i want to return this string to the calling function.

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• error: invalid type argument of '->' (have 'struct node')

  - by Roshan S.A

  Why cant i access the pointer "Cells" like an array ? i have allocated the appropriate memory why wont it act like an array here? it works like an array for a pointer of basic data types. #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<ctype.h> #define MAX 10 struct node { int e; struct node *next; }; typedef struct node *List; typedef struct node *Position; struct Hashtable { int Tablesize; List Cells; }; typedef struct Hashtable *HashT; HashT Initialize(int SIZE,HashT H) { int i; H=(HashT)malloc(sizeof(struct Hashtable)); if(H!=NULL) { H->Tablesize=SIZE; printf("\n\t%d",H->Tablesize); H->Cells=(List)malloc(sizeof(struct node)* H->Tablesize); should it not act like an array from here on? if(H->Cells!=NULL) { for(i=0;i<H->Tablesize;i++) the following lines are the ones that throw the error { H->Cells[i]->next=NULL; H->Cells[i]->e=i; printf("\n %d",H->Cells[i]->e); } } } else printf("\nError!Out of Space"); } int main() { HashT H; H=Initialize(10,H); return 0; } The error I get is as in the title-error: invalid type argument of '->' (have 'struct node').

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• leak in fgets when assigning to buffer

  - by monkeyking

  I'm having problems understanding why following code leaks in one case, and not in the other case. The difference is while(NULL!=fgets(buffer,length,file))//doesnt leak while(NULL!=(buffer=fgets(buffer,length,file))//leaks I thought it would be the same. Full code below. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define LENS 10000 void no_leak(const char* argv){ char *buffer = (char *) malloc(LENS); FILE *fp=fopen(argv,"r"); while(NULL!=fgets(buffer,LENS,fp)){ fprintf(stderr,"%s",buffer); } fclose(fp); fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",buffer); free(buffer); } void with_leak(const char* argv){ char *buffer = (char *) malloc(LENS); FILE *fp=fopen(argv,"r"); while(NULL!=(buffer=fgets(buffer,LENS,fp))){ fprintf(stderr,"%s",buffer); } fclose(fp); fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",buffer); free(buffer); }

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• Difference in behaviour (GCC and Visual C++)

  - by Prasoon Saurav

  Consider the following code. #include <stdio.h> #include <vector> #include <iostream> struct XYZ { int X,Y,Z; }; std::vector<XYZ> A; int rec(int idx) { int i = A.size(); A.push_back(XYZ()); if (idx >= 5) return i; A[i].X = rec(idx+1); return i; } int main(){ A.clear(); rec(0); puts("FINISH!"); } I couldn't figure out the reason why the code gives a segmentation fault on Linux (IDE used: Code::Blocks) whereas on Windows (IDE used: Visual C++) it doesn't. When I used Valgrind just to check what actually the problem was, I got this output. I got Invalid write of size 4 at four different places. Then why didn't the code crash when I used Visual C++? Am I missing something?

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• Program repeats each time a character is scanned .. How to stop it ?

  - by ZaZu

  Hello there, I have a program that has this code : #include<stdio.h> main(){ int input; char g; do{ printf("Choose a numeric value"); printf(">"); scanf("\n%c",&input); g=input-'0'; }while((g>=-16 && g<=-1)||(g>=10 && g<=42)||(g>=43 && g<=79)); } It basically uses ASCII manipulation to allow the program to accept numbers only .. '0' is given the value 48 by default...the ASCII value - 48 gives a ranges of numbers above (in the while statement) Anyway, whenever a user inputs numbers AND alphabets, such as : abr39293afakvmienb23 The program ignores : a,b,r .. But takes '3' as the first input. For a b and r, the code under the do loop repeats. So for the above example, I get : Choose a numeric value >Choose a numeric value> Choose a numeric value >3 Is there a way I can stop this ??? I tried using \n%c to scan the character and account for whitespace, but that didnt work :( Please help thank you very much !

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• Accessing memory buffer after fread()

  - by xiongtx

  I'm confused as to how fread() is used. Below is an example from cplusplus.com /* fread example: read a complete file */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main () { FILE * pFile; long lSize; char * buffer; size_t result; pFile = fopen ( "myfile.bin" , "rb" ); if (pFile==NULL) {fputs ("File error",stderr); exit (1);} // obtain file size: fseek (pFile , 0 , SEEK_END); lSize = ftell (pFile); rewind (pFile); // allocate memory to contain the whole file: buffer = (char*) malloc (sizeof(char)*lSize); if (buffer == NULL) {fputs ("Memory error",stderr); exit (2);} // copy the file into the buffer: result = fread (buffer,1,lSize,pFile); if (result != lSize) {fputs ("Reading error",stderr); exit (3);} /* the whole file is now loaded in the memory buffer. */ // terminate fclose (pFile); free (buffer); return 0; } Let's say that I don't use fclose() just yet. Can I now just treat buffer as an array and access elements like buffer[i]? Or do I have to do something else?

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• Horizontal histogram won't accept input after the first input

  - by vincentbelkin

  So I'm making a program which is supposed to print a horizontal histogram of the lengths of words in its input. I don't know if most of it is OK since the main problem is it won't accept any input after the first one. Oh I also put comments on the parts I'm having some trouble with, like how to print "-" multiple times in order to represent histogram. I've tried making other versions of the code but I couldn't check if I'm close to getting it because again it won't accept another input after the first input. /*Write a program to print a histogram of the lengths of words in its input. It is easy to draw the histogram with the bars horizontal*/ #include <stdio.h> #define MAX 30 #define IN 1 #define OUT 0 int main() { int a,c,i,k,state,word[MAX]; a=0; k=0; state=OUT; for(i=0;i<MAX;i++) word[i]=0; while((c=getchar())!=EOF) { if(c==' '||c=='\t'||c=='\n') state=OUT; else state=IN; while(state==IN) a++; if(state==OUT) { word[i]=a; i++; } /*This part is hard for me, I don't know how to print X multiple times!*/ if((c==getchar())&&c==EOF) { for(i=0;i<MAX;i++) { for(i=0;i<=word[i];i++) putchar('-'); putchar('\n'); } } } }

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• passing argument 1 of 'atoi' makes pointer from integer without a cast....can any body help me..

  - by somasekhar

  #include<stdio.h> #include<string.h> #include<stdlib.h> int main(){ int n; int a,b,ans[10000]; char *c,*d,*e; int i = 0; c = (char*)(malloc(20 * sizeof(char))); d = (char*)(malloc(20 * sizeof(char))); scanf("%d",&n); while(i < n){ scanf("%d",&a); scanf("%d",&b); itoa(a,c,10); itoa(b,d,10); a = atoi(strrev(c)) + atoi(strrev(d)); itoa(a,c,10); e = c; while(*e == '0')e++; ans[i] = atoi(strrev(e)); i++; } i = 0; while(i < n){ printf("%d\n",ans[i]); i++; } }

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• Using libgrib2c in c++ application, linker error "Undefined reference to..."

  - by Rich

  EDIT: If you're going to be doing things with GRIB files I would recommend the GDAL library which is backed by the Open Source Geospatial Foundation. You will save yourself a lot of headache :) I'm using Qt creator in Ubuntu creating a c++ app. I am attempting to use an external lib, libgrib2c.a, that has a header grib2.h. Everything compiles, but when it tries to link I get the error: undefined reference to 'seekgb(_IO_FILE*, long, long, long*, long*) I have tried wrapping the header file with: extern "C"{ #include "grib2.h" } But it didn't fix anything so I figured that was not my problem. In the .pro file I have the line: include($${ROOT}/Shared/common/commonLibs.pri) and in commonLibs.pri I have: INCLUDEPATH+=$${ROOT}/external_libs/g2clib/include LIBS+=-L$${ROOT}/external_libs/g2clib/lib LIBS+=-lgrib2c I am not encountering an error finding the library. If I do a nm command on the libgrib2c.a I get: nm libgrib2c.a | grep seekgb seekgb.o: 00000000 T seekgb And when I run qmake with the additional argument of LIBS+=-Wl,--verbose I can find the lib file in the output: attempt to open /usr/lib/libgrib2c.so failed attempt to open /usr/lib/libgrib2c.a failed attempt to open /mnt/sdb1/ESMF/App/ESMF_App/../external_libs/linux/qwt_6.0.2/lib/libgrib2c.so failed attempt to open /mnt/sdb1/ESMF/App/ESMF_App/../external_libs/linux/qwt_6.0.2/lib/libgrib2c.a failed attempt to open ..//Shared/Config/lib/libgrib2c.so failed attempt to open ..//Shared/Config/lib/libgrib2c.a failed attempt to open ..//external_libs/libssh2/lib/libgrib2c.so failed attempt to open ..//external_libs/libssh2/lib/libgrib2c.a failed attempt to open ..//external_libs/openssl/lib/libgrib2c.so failed attempt to open ..//external_libs/openssl/lib/libgrib2c.a failed attempt to open ..//external_libs/g2clib/lib/libgrib2c.so failed attempt to open ..//external_libs/g2clib/lib/libgrib2c.a succeeded Although it doesn't show any of the .o files in the library is this because it is a c library in my c++ app? in the .cpp file that I am trying to use the library I have: #include "gribreader.h" #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <external_libs/g2clib/include/grib2.h> #include <Shared/logging/Logger.hpp> //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /// Opens a GRIB file from disk. /// /// This function opens the grib file and searches through it for how many GRIB /// messages are contained as well as their starting locations. /// /// \param a_filePath. The path to the file to be opened. /// \return True if successful, false if not. //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ bool GRIBReader::OpenGRIB(std::string a_filePath) { LOG(notification)<<"Attempting to open grib file: "<< a_filePath; if(isOpen()) { CloseGRIB(); } m_filePath = a_filePath; m_filePtr = fopen(a_filePath.c_str(), "r"); if(m_filePtr == NULL) { LOG(error)<<"Unable to open file: " << a_filePath; return false; } LOG(notification)<<"Successfully opened GRIB file"; g2int currentMessageSize(1); g2int seekPosition(0); g2int lengthToBeginningOfGrib(0); g2int seekLength(32000); int i(0); int iterationLimit(300); m_GRIBMessageLocations.clear(); m_GRIBMessageSizes.clear(); while(i < iterationLimit) { seekgb(m_filePtr, seekPosition, seekLength, &lengthToBeginningOfGrib, &currentMessageSize); if(currentMessageSize != 0) { LOG(verbose) << "Adding GRIB message location " << lengthToBeginningOfGrib << " with length " << currentMessageSize; m_GRIBMessageLocations.push_back(lengthToBeginningOfGrib); m_GRIBMessageSizes.push_back(currentMessageSize); seekPosition = lengthToBeginningOfGrib + currentMessageSize; LOG(verbose) << "GRIB seek position moved to " << seekPosition; } else { LOG(notification)<<"End of GRIB file found, after "<< i << " GRIB messages."; break; } } if(i >= iterationLimit) { LOG(warning) << "The iteration limit of " << iterationLimit << "was reached while searching for GRIB messages"; } return true; } And the header grib2.h is as follows: #ifndef _grib2_H #define _grib2_H #include<stdio.h> #define G2_VERSION "g2clib-1.4.0" #ifdef __64BIT__ typedef int g2int; typedef unsigned int g2intu; #else typedef long g2int; typedef unsigned long g2intu; #endif typedef float g2float; struct gtemplate { g2int type; /* 3=Grid Defintion Template. */ /* 4=Product Defintion Template. */ /* 5=Data Representation Template. */ g2int num; /* template number. */ g2int maplen; /* number of entries in the static part */ /* of the template. */ g2int *map; /* num of octets of each entry in the */ /* static part of the template. */ g2int needext; /* indicates whether or not the template needs */ /* to be extended. */ g2int extlen; /* number of entries in the template extension. */ g2int *ext; /* num of octets of each entry in the extension */ /* part of the template. */ }; typedef struct gtemplate gtemplate; struct gribfield { g2int version,discipline; g2int *idsect; g2int idsectlen; unsigned char *local; g2int locallen; g2int ifldnum; g2int griddef,ngrdpts; g2int numoct_opt,interp_opt,num_opt; g2int *list_opt; g2int igdtnum,igdtlen; g2int *igdtmpl; g2int ipdtnum,ipdtlen; g2int *ipdtmpl; g2int num_coord; g2float *coord_list; g2int ndpts,idrtnum,idrtlen; g2int *idrtmpl; g2int unpacked; g2int expanded; g2int ibmap; g2int *bmap; g2float *fld; }; typedef struct gribfield gribfield; /* Prototypes for unpacking API */ void seekgb(FILE *,g2int ,g2int ,g2int *,g2int *); g2int g2_info(unsigned char *,g2int *,g2int *,g2int *,g2int *); g2int g2_getfld(unsigned char *,g2int ,g2int ,g2int ,gribfield **); void g2_free(gribfield *); /* Prototypes for packing API */ g2int g2_create(unsigned char *,g2int *,g2int *); g2int g2_addlocal(unsigned char *,unsigned char *,g2int ); g2int g2_addgrid(unsigned char *,g2int *,g2int *,g2int *,g2int ); g2int g2_addfield(unsigned char *,g2int ,g2int *, g2float *,g2int ,g2int ,g2int *, g2float *,g2int ,g2int ,g2int *); g2int g2_gribend(unsigned char *); /* Prototypes for supporting routines */ extern double int_power(double, g2int ); extern void mkieee(g2float *,g2int *,g2int); void rdieee(g2int *,g2float *,g2int ); extern gtemplate *getpdstemplate(g2int); extern gtemplate *extpdstemplate(g2int,g2int *); extern gtemplate *getdrstemplate(g2int); extern gtemplate *extdrstemplate(g2int,g2int *); extern gtemplate *getgridtemplate(g2int); extern gtemplate *extgridtemplate(g2int,g2int *); extern void simpack(g2float *,g2int,g2int *,unsigned char *,g2int *); extern void compack(g2float *,g2int,g2int,g2int *,unsigned char *,g2int *); void misspack(g2float *,g2int ,g2int ,g2int *, unsigned char *, g2int *); void gbit(unsigned char *,g2int *,g2int ,g2int ); void sbit(unsigned char *,g2int *,g2int ,g2int ); void gbits(unsigned char *,g2int *,g2int ,g2int ,g2int ,g2int ); void sbits(unsigned char *,g2int *,g2int ,g2int ,g2int ,g2int ); int pack_gp(g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *); #endif /* _grib2_H */ I have been scratching my head for two days on this. If anyone has an idea on what to do or can point me in some sort of direction, I'm stumped. Also, if you have any comments on how I can improve this post I'd love to hear them, kinda new at this posting thing. Usually I'm able to find an answer in the vast stores of knowledge already contained on the web.

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• why can't i bind ipv6 socket to a linklocal address

  - by Haiyuan Zhang

  #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <stdio.h> void error(char *msg) { perror(msg); exit(0); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int sock, length, fromlen, n; struct sockaddr_in6 server; struct sockaddr_in6 from; int portNr = 5555; char buf[1024]; length = sizeof (struct sockaddr_in6); sock=socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); if (sock < 0) error("Opening socket"); bzero((char *)&server, length); server.sin6_family=AF_INET6; server.sin6_addr=in6addr_any; server.sin6_port=htons(portNr); inet_pton( AF_INET6, "fe80::21f:29ff:feed:2f7e", (void *)&server.sin6_addr.s6_addr); //inet_pton( AF_INET6, "::1", (void *)&server.sin6_addr.s6_addr); if (bind(sock,(struct sockaddr *)&server,length)<0) error("binding"); fromlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6); while (1) { n = recvfrom(sock,buf,1024,0,(struct sockaddr *)&from,&fromlen); if (n < 0) error("recvfrom"); write(1,"Received a datagram: ",21); write(1,buf,n); n = sendto(sock,"Got your message\n",17, 0,(struct sockaddr *)&from,fromlen); if (n < 0) error("sendto"); } } when I compile and run the above code I got : binding: Invalid argument and if change to bind the ::1 and leave other thing unchanged in the source code, the code works! so could you tell me what's wrong with my code ? thanks in advance.

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• Can some tell me why I am seg faulting in this simple C program?

  - by user299648

  I keep on getting seg faulted after I end my first for loop, and for the life of me I don't why. The file I'm scanning is just 18 strings in 18 lines. I thinks the problem is the way I'm mallocing the double pointer called picks, but I don't know exactly why. I'm am only trying to scanf strings that are less than 15 chars long, so I don't see the problem. Can someone please help. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #define MAX_LENGTH 100 int main( int argc,char *argv[] ) { char* string = malloc( 15*sizeof(char) ); char** picks = malloc(15*sizeof(char*)); FILE* pick_file = fopen( argv[l], "r" ); int num_picks; for( num_picks=0 ; fgets( string, MAX_LENGTH, pick_file ) != NULL ; num_picks++ ) { scanf( "%s", picks+num_picks ); } //this is where i seg fault int x; for(x=0; x<num_picks;x++) printf("s\n", picks+x); }

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• What is the minimal licensable source code?

  - by Hernán Eche

  Let's suppose I want to "protect" this code about being used without attribution, patenting it, or through any open source licence... #include<stdio.h> int main (void) { int version=2; printf("\r\n.Hello world, ver:(%d).", version); return 0; } It's a little obvious or just a language definition example.. When a source stop being "trivial, banal, commonplace, obvious", and start to be something that you may claim "rights"? Perhaps it depends on who read it, something that could be great geniality for someone that have never programmed, could be just obvious for an expert. It's easy when watching two sources there are 10000 same lines of code, that's a theft.. but that's not always so obvious. How to measure amount of "ownness", it's about creativity? line numbers? complexity? I can't imagine objetive answers for that, only some patches. For example perhaps the complexity, It's not fair to replace "years of engeneering" with "copy and paste". But is there any objetive index for objetive determination of this subject? (In a funny way I imagine this criterion: If the licence is longer than the code, then there is no owner, just to punish not caring storage space and world resources =P)

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• struct and rand()

  - by teoz

  I have a struct with an array of 100 int (b) and a variable of type int (a) I have a function that checks if the value of "a" is in the array and i have generated the array elements and the variable with random values. but it doesn't work can someone help me fix it? #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> typedef struct { int a; int b[100]; } h; int func(h v){ int i; for (i=0;i<100;i++){ if(v.b[i]==v.a) return 1; else return 0; } } int main(int argc, char** argv) { h str; srand(time(0)); int i; for(i=0;0<100;i++){ str.b[i]=(rand() % 10) + 1; } str.a=(rand() % 10) + 1; str.a=1; printf("%d\n",func(str)); return 0; }

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• How to use two parameters pointing to the same structure in one function ?

  - by ZaZu

  Hey guys, I have my code below that consits of a structure, a main, and a function. The function is supposed to display two parameters that have certain values, both of which point to the same structure. The problem I dont know how to add the SECOND parameter onto the following code : #include<stdio.h> #define first 500 #define sec 500 struct trial{ int f; int r; float what[first][sec]; }; int trialtest(trial *test); main(){ trial test; trialtest(&test); } int trialtest(trial *test){ int z,x,i; for(i=0;i<5;i++){ printf("%f,(*test).what[z][x]); } return 0; } I need to add a new parameter test_2 there (IN THE SAME FUNCTION) using this code : for(i=0;i<5;i++){ printf("%f,(*test_2).what[z][x]); How does int trialtest(trial *test) changes ? and how does it change in main ? I know that I should declare test_2 as well, like this : trial test,test_2; But what about passing the address in the function ? I do not need to edit it right ? trialtest(&test); --- This will remain the same ? So please, tell me how would I use test_2 as a parameter pointing to the same structure as test, both in the same function.. Thank you !! Please tell me if you need more clarification

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• Passing parameter to pthread

  - by Andrei Ciobanu

  Hello, i have the following code: #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <pthread.h> #define NUM_THREADS 100 struct thread_param { char *f1; char *f2; int x; }; void *thread_function(void *arg){ printf("%d\n", ((struct thread_param*)arg)->x); } int main(int argc, char *argvs[]){ int i, thread_cr_res = 0; pthread_t *threads; threads = malloc(100 * sizeof(*threads)); if(threads == NULL){ fprintf(stderr,"MALLOC THREADS ERROR"); return (-1); } for(i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++){ struct thread_param *tp; if((tp = malloc(sizeof(*tp))) == NULL){ fprintf(stderr,"MALLOC THREAD_PARAM ERROR"); return (-1); } tp->f1 = "f1"; tp->f2 = "f2"; tp->x = i; thread_cr_res = pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, thread_function, (void*)tp); if(thread_cr_res != 0){ fprintf(stderr,"THREAD CREATE ERROR"); return (-1); } } return (0); } What i want to achieve, is to print all the numbers from 0 to 99, from threads. Also i am experimenting a way to pass a structure as a thread input parameter. What i am finding curios, is that not all the numbers are shown, eg: ./a.out | grep 9 9 19 29 39 49 And sometimes some numbers are shown twice: ... 75 74 89 77 78 79 91 91 Can you please explain me why is this happening ? No errors are shown.

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• Inorder tree traversal in binary tree in C

  - by srk

  In the below code, I'am creating a binary tree using insert function and trying to display the inserted elements using inorder function which follows the logic of In-order traversal.When I run it, numbers are getting inserted but when I try the inorder function( input 3), the program continues for next input without displaying anything. I guess there might be a logical error.Please help me clear it. Thanks in advance... #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> int i; typedef struct ll { int data; struct ll *left; struct ll *right; } node; node *root1=NULL; // the root node void insert(node *root,int n) { if(root==NULL) //for the first(root) node { root=(node *)malloc(sizeof(node)); root->data=n; root->right=NULL; root->left=NULL; } else { if(n<(root->data)) { root->left=(node *)malloc(sizeof(node)); insert(root->left,n); } else if(n>(root->data)) { root->right=(node *)malloc(sizeof(node)); insert(root->right,n); } else { root->data=n; } } } void inorder(node *root) { if(root!=NULL) { inorder(root->left); printf("%d ",root->data); inorder(root->right); } } main() { int n,choice=1; while(choice!=0) { printf("Enter choice--- 1 for insert, 3 for inorder and 0 for exit\n"); scanf("%d",&choice); switch(choice) { case 1: printf("Enter number to be inserted\n"); scanf("%d",&n); insert(root1,n); break; case 3: inorder(root1); break; default: break; } } }

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• Can someone tell me why I'm seg faulting in this simple C program?

  - by user299648

  I keep on getting seg faulted, and for the life of me I dont why. The file I'm scanning is just 18 strings in 18 lines. I thinks the problem is the way I'm mallocing the double pointer called picks, but I dont know exactly why. I'm am only trying to scanf strings that are less than 15 chars long, so I don't see the problem. Can someone please help. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #define MAX_LENGTH 100 int main( int argc,char *argv[] ) { char* string = malloc( sizeof(char) ); char** picks = malloc(15*sizeof(char)); FILE* pick_file = fopen( argv[l], "r" ); int num_picks; for( num_picks=0 ; fgets( string, MAX_LENGTH, pick_file ) != NULL ; num_picks++ ) { printf("pick a/an %s ", string ); scanf( "%s", picks+num_picks ); } int x; for(x=0; x<num_picks;x++) printf("s\n", picks+x); }

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• What limits scaling in this simple OpenMP program?

  - by Douglas B. Staple

  I'm trying to understand limits to parallelization on a 48-core system (4xAMD Opteron 6348, 2.8 Ghz, 12 cores per CPU). I wrote this tiny OpenMP code to test the speedup in what I thought would be the best possible situation (the task is embarrassingly parallel): // Compile with: gcc scaling.c -std=c99 -fopenmp -O3 #include <stdio.h> #include <stdint.h> int main(){ const uint64_t umin=1; const uint64_t umax=10000000000LL; double sum=0.; #pragma omp parallel for reduction(+:sum) for(uint64_t u=umin; u<umax; u++) sum+=1./u/u; printf("%e\n", sum); } I was surprised to find that the scaling is highly nonlinear. It takes about 2.9s for the code to run with 48 threads, 3.1s with 36 threads, 3.7s with 24 threads, 4.9s with 12 threads, and 57s for the code to run with 1 thread. Unfortunately I have to say that there is one process running on the computer using 100% of one core, so that might be affecting it. It's not my process, so I can't end it to test the difference, but somehow I doubt that's making the difference between a 19~20x speedup and the ideal 48x speedup. To make sure it wasn't an OpenMP issue, I ran two copies of the program at the same time with 24 threads each (one with umin=1, umax=5000000000, and the other with umin=5000000000, umax=10000000000). In that case both copies of the program finish after 2.9s, so it's exactly the same as running 48 threads with a single instance of the program. What's preventing linear scaling with this simple program?

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• pointer in c and the c program

  - by sandy101

  Hello, I am studying the pointer and i come to this program .... #include <stdio.h> void swap(int *,int *); int main() { int a=10; int b=20; swap(&a,&b); printf("the value is %d and %d",a,b); return 0; } void swap(int *a,int*b) { int t; t=*a; *a=*b; *b=t; printf("%d and%d\n",*a,*b); } can any one tell me why this main function return the value reversed . The thing i understood till now is that the function call in c does not affect the main function and it's values . I also want to know how much the space a pointer variable occupied like integer have occupied the 2 bytes and the various application use and advantages of the pointer .... plz.... anyone help

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• Difference in behaviour( gcc and MSVC++ )

  - by Prasoon Saurav

  Consider the following code. #include <stdio.h> #include <vector> #include <iostream> struct XYZ { int X,Y,Z; }; std::vector<XYZ> A; int rec(int idx) { int i = A.size(); A.push_back(XYZ()); if (idx >= 5) return i; A[i].X = rec(idx+1); return i; } int main(){ A.clear(); rec(0); puts("FINISH!"); } I couldn't figure out the reason why the code gives segmentation fault on Linux(IDE used: Code::Blocks) whereas on Windows(IDE used : MSVC++) it doesn't. When I used valgrind just to check what actually the problem was, I got this output. I got Invalid write of size 4 at four different places. Then why didn't the code crash when I used MSVC++? Am I missing something?

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• Cant print contents of a custom file

  - by ZaZu

  Hello, Im trying to scan contents from a random file into an array in a structure. Then I want to print those contents on screen. (NOTE: The following code is from a bigger program, this is just a sample, but all structures and arrays used are needed as declared ) The contents of the file being tested are simply: 5 4 3 2 5 3 4 2 #include<stdio.h> #define first 500 #define sec 500 struct trial{ int f; int r; float what[first][sec]; }; int trialtest(trial *test); int trialdisplay(trial *test); main(){ trial test; trialtest(&test); trialdisplay(&test); } int trialtest(trial *test){ int z,x,i; FILE *inputf; inputf=fopen("randomfile.txt","r"); for(i=0;i<5;i++){ fscanf(inputf,"%f",&(*test).what[z][x]); } fclose(inputf); return 0; } int trialdisplay(trial *test){ int i,z,x; printf("printing\n\n\n"); for (i=0;i<10;i++){ printf("%f",(*test).what[z][x]); } return 0; } The problem is, I get this error whenever I run the code .. I cant really understand whats going on : Any suggestions ? Thanks alot !

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• Exercise for exam about comparing string on file

  - by Telmo Vaz

  I'm trying to do this exercise for my exam tomorrow. I need to compare a string of my own input and see if that string is appearing on the file. This needs to be done directly on the file, so I cannot extract the string to my program and compare them "indirectly". I found this way but I'm not getting it right, and I don't know why. The algorithm sounds good to me. Any help, please? I really need to focus on this one. Thanks in advance, guys. #include<stdio.h> void comp(); int main(void) { comp(); return 0; } void comp() { FILE *file = fopen("e1.txt", "r+"); if(!file) { printf("Not possible to open the file"); return; } char src[50], ch; short i, len; fprintf(stdout, "What are you looking for? \nwrite: "); fgets(src, 200, stdin); len = strlen(src); while((ch = fgetc(file)) != EOF) { i = 0; while(ch == src[i]) { if(i <= len) { printf("%c - %c", ch, src[i]); fseek(file, 0, SEEK_CUR + 1); i++; } else break; } } }

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• why i^=j^=i^=j isn't equal to *i^=*j^=*i^=*j

  - by klvoek

  In c , when there is variables (assume both as int) i less than j , we can use the equation i^=j^=i^=j to exchange the value of the two variables. For example, let int i = 3, j = 5; after computed i^=j^=i^=j, I got i = 5, j = 3 . What is so amazing to me. But, if i use two int pointers to re-do this , with *i^=*j^=*i^=*j , use the example above what i got will be i = 0 and j = 3. Then, describe it simply: In C 1 int i=3, j=5; i^=j^=i^=j; // after this i = 5, j=3 2 int i = 3, j= 5; int *pi = &i, *pj = &j; *pi^=*pj^=*pi^=*pj; // after this, $pi = 0, *pj = 5 In JavaScript var i=3, j=5; i^=j^=i^=j; // after this, i = 0, j= 3 the result in JavaScript makes this more interesting to me my sample code , on ubuntu server 11.0 & gcc #include <stdio.h> int main(){ int i=7, j=9; int *pi=&i, *pj=&j; i^=j^=i^=j; printf("i=%d j=%d\n", i, j); i=7, j==9; *pi^=*pj^=*pi^=*pj printf("i=%d j=%d\n", *pi, *pj); } however, i had spent hours to test and find out why, but nothing means. So, please help me. Or, just only i made some mistake???

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• Segmentation fault in C recursive Combination (nCr)

  - by AruniRC

  PLease help me out here. The program is supposed to recursively find out the combination of two numbers. nCr = n!/ (r!(n-r)! ). I'm getting this error message when i compile it on GCC. Here's what the terminal shows: Enter two numbers: 8 4 Segmentation fault (Program exited with code:139) The code is given here: #include<stdio.h> float nCr(float, float, float); int main() { float a, b, c; printf("Enter two numbers: \n"); scanf("%f%f", &a, &b); c = nCr(a, b, a-b); printf("\n%.3f", c); return 0; } float nCr(float n, float r, float p) { if(n<1) return (1/(p*r))*(nCr(1, r-1, p-1)); if(r<1) return (n/(p*1))*(nCr(n-1, 1, p-1)); if(p<1) return (n/r)*(nCr(n-1, r-1, 1)); return ( n/(p*r) )*nCr(n-1, r-1, p-1); }

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