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• (Libgdx) Move Vector2 along angle?

  - by gemurdock

  I have seen several answers on here about moving along angle, but I can't seem to get this to work properly for me and I am new to LibGDX... just trying to learn. These are my Vector2's that I am using for this function. public Vector2 position = new Vector2(); public Vector2 velocity = new Vector2(); public Vector2 movement = new Vector2(); public Vector2 direction = new Vector2(); Here is the function that I use to move the position vector along an angle. setLocation() just sets the new location of the image. public void move(float delta, float degrees) { position.set(image.getX() + image.getWidth() / 2, image.getY() + image.getHeight() / 2); direction.set((float) Math.cos(degrees), (float) Math.sin(degrees)).nor(); velocity.set(direction).scl(speed); movement.set(velocity).scl(delta); position.add(movement); setLocation(position.x, position.y); // Sets location of image } I get a lot of different angles with this, just not the correct angles. How should I change this function to move a Vector2 along an angle using the Vector2 class from com.badlogic.gdx.math.Vector2 within the LibGDX library? I found this answer, but not sure how to implement it. Update: I figured out part of the issue. Should convert degrees to radians. However, the angle of 0 degrees is towards the right. Is there any way to fix this? As I shouldn't have to add 90 to degrees in order to have correct heading. New code is below public void move(float delta, float degrees) { degrees += 90; // Set degrees to correct heading, shouldn't have to do this position.set(image.getX() + image.getWidth() / 2, image.getY() + image.getHeight() / 2); direction.set(MathUtils.cos(degrees * MathUtils.degreesToRadians), MathUtils.sin(degrees * MathUtils.degreesToRadians)).nor(); velocity.set(direction).scl(speed); movement.set(velocity).scl(delta); position.add(movement); setLocation(position.x, position.y); }

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• Why doesn't Unity's OnCollisionEnter give me surface normals, and what's the most reliable way to get them?

  - by michael.bartnett

  Unity's on collision event gives you a Collision object that gives you some information about the collision that happened (including a list of ContactPoints with hit normals). But what you don't get is surface normals for the collider that you hit. Here's a screenshot to illustrate. The red line is from ContactPoint.normal and the blue line is from RaycastHit.normal. Is this an instance of Unity hiding information to provide a simplified API? Or do standard 3D realtime collision detection techniques just not collect this information? And for the second part of the question, what's a surefire and relatively efficient way to get a surface normal for a collision? I know that raycasting gives you surface normals, but it seems I need to do several raycasts to accomplish this for all scenarios (maybe a contact point/normal combination misses the collider on the first cast, or maybe you need to do some average of all the contact points' normals to get the best result). My current method: Back up the Collision.contacts[0].point along its hit normal Raycast down the negated hit normal for float.MaxValue, on Collision.collider If that fails, repeat steps 1 and 2 with the non-negated normal If that fails, try steps 1 to 3 with Collision.contacts[1] Repeat 4 until successful or until all contact points exhausted. Give up, return Vector3.zero. This seems to catch everything, but all those raycasts make me queasy, and I'm not sure how to test that this works for enough cases. Is there a better way?

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• Smooth animation in Cocos2d for iOS

  - by MrDatabase

  I move a simple CCSprite around the screen of an iOS device using this code: [self schedule:@selector(update:) interval:0.0167]; - (void) update:(ccTime) delta { CGPoint currPos = self.position; currPos.x += xVelocity; currPos.y += yVelocity; self.position = currPos; } This works however the animation is not smooth. How can I improve the smoothness of my animation? My scene is exceedingly simple (just has one full-screen CCSprite with a background image and a relatively small CCSprite that moves slowly). I've logged the ccTime delta and it's not consistent (it's almost always greater than my specified interval of 0.0167... sometimes up to a factor of 4x). I've considered tailoring the motion in the update method to the delta time (larger delta = larger movement etc). However given the simplicity of my scene it's seems there's a better way (and something basic that I'm probably missing).

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• How to fix bad Collada produced by FBX?

  - by David

  I tried to use the FBX SDK (2011.3.1) to load FBX files and save them as Collada files in order to be able to import FBX files in Panda3D. Unfortunately the resulting Collada files are not usable for several reasons, among them: There's a Maya specific extra technique diffuse <diffuse> <texture texture="Map__2-image" texcoord="CHANNEL0"> <extra> <technique profile="MAYA"> <wrapU sid="wrapU0">TRUE</wrapU> <wrapV sid="wrapV0">TRUE</wrapV> <blend_mode>ADD</blend_mode> </technique> </extra> </texture> </diffuse> It assigns a texcoord channel name that isn't referenced anywhere else in the file (in the previous code sample, no geometry uses "CHANNEL0"...) Every polygon is exported twice, a first time with a basic material (only diffuse color, specular color, etc.) and a second time with a textured material -- this doubles the number of polygons of each model without any valuable reason Anyway, the resulting Collada file cannot be opened correctly either with OpenCOLLADA or Panda3D's "dae2egg". Anyone has any experience on how to "fix" it and make it understandable by common and well-reputed Collada importers such as OpenCOLLADA?

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• How to get GameElements (RigidBody) size in Unity

  - by Shivan Dragon

  I've made a prefab consisting of a Cube which I've first scaled to more resemble a brick. There's also a Rigidbody added to the cube (in the prefab). Now I want to use that prefab in a c# script to make a wall out of multiple bricks. My question is, how can I access the dimensions of my brick (width, height, the z dimension size) so that in my script I can make bricks which are placed one next to the other (and then one on top of the other)? I've looked at the documentation for GameObject and Rigidbody but I can't find anything helpful. Just for refference, my script so far is: public GameObject brick; void Start () { Instantiate(this.brick, new Vector3(0.01326297f, -30.07855f, 100f), Quaternion.identity); // int brickWidth = this.brick.????; }

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• Extract derived 3D scaling from a 3D Sprite to set to a 2D billboard

  - by Bill Kotsias

  I am trying to get the derived position and scaling of a 3D Sprite and set them to a 2D Sprite. I have managed to do the first part like this: var p:Point = sprite3d.local3DToGlobal(new Vector3D(0,0,0)); billboard.x = p.x; billboard.y = p.y; But I can't get the scaling part correctly. I am trying this: var mat:Matrix3D = sprite3d.transform.getRelativeMatrix3D(stage); // get derived matrix(?) var scaleV:Vector3D = mat.decompose()[2]; // get scaling vector from derived matrix var scale:Number = scaleV.length; billboard.scaleX = scale; billboard.scaleY = scale; ...but the result is apparently wrong. PS. One might ask what I am trying to achieve. I am trying to create "billboard" 3D sprites, i.e. sprites which are affected by all 3D transformations except rotations, thus they always face the "camera".

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• SlimDX and Parsing .X Files

  - by P. Avery

  I'm trying to parse a .x file using SlimDX. I can create the XFile object and register templates but I'm having problems with the enumeration object. The enumeration object has a child count of 0 for a file I know to have valid data. Here is code to create file, enumeration, and data objects: public void Parse(string filename, string templates, ref Frame aParam) { XFile xfile = null; XFileEnumerationObject enumObj = null; XFileData dataObj = null; // create file object xfile = new XFile(); // register templates if (xfile.RegisterTemplates(XFile.DefaultTemplates).IsFailure) { Console.WriteLine(Result.Last); xfile.Dispose(); return; } // create enumeration object enumObj = xfile.CreateEnumerationObject(filename, System.Runtime.InteropServices.CharSet.Auto); if (enumObj == null) { xfile.Dispose(); return; } // get child count( returns 0 here ) long ncElements = enumObj.ChildCount; for (int i = 0; i < ncElements; ++i) { // never reached... dataObj = enumObj.GetChild(i); if (dataObj.IsReference) continue; try { Parse(dataObj, ref aParam); } catch (Exception e) { e.Write(); } finally { dataObj.Dispose(); } } enumObj.Dispose(); xfile.Dispose(); } ...There are no exceptions thrown by this function...the child count is 0 so the conditional loop breaks right away, the file objects are disposed of and the function returns... Here is .x file...a simple cube: xof 0303txt 0032 Frame Root { FrameTransformMatrix { 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000;; } Frame Cube { FrameTransformMatrix { 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000;; } Mesh Cube{ //Cube Mesh 36; -1.000000; 1.000000; 1.000000;, -1.000000;-1.000000; 1.000000;, 0.999999;-1.000001; 1.000000;, -1.000000;-1.000000;-1.000000;, 1.000000;-1.000000;-1.000000;, 0.999999;-1.000001; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.999999; 1.000000;, -1.000000; 1.000000; 1.000000;, 0.999999;-1.000001; 1.000000;, -1.000000; 1.000000;-1.000000;, -1.000000;-1.000000;-1.000000;, -1.000000; 1.000000; 1.000000;, -1.000000; 1.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.999999; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 1.000000;-1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.999999; 1.000000;, 0.999999;-1.000001; 1.000000;, 1.000000;-1.000000;-1.000000;, -1.000000;-1.000000;-1.000000;, -1.000000;-1.000000; 1.000000;, -1.000000; 1.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 1.000000;-1.000000;, 1.000000;-1.000000;-1.000000;, -1.000000; 1.000000;-1.000000;, 1.000000; 1.000000;-1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.999999; 1.000000;, 1.000000;-1.000000;-1.000000;, -1.000000; 1.000000;-1.000000;, -1.000000; 1.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 1.000000;-1.000000;, -1.000000;-1.000000; 1.000000;, -1.000000;-1.000000;-1.000000;, 0.999999;-1.000001; 1.000000;, 1.000000;-1.000000;-1.000000;, -1.000000;-1.000000;-1.000000;, -1.000000; 1.000000;-1.000000;; 12; 3;0;1;2;, 3;3;4;5;, 3;6;7;8;, 3;9;10;11;, 3;12;13;14;, 3;15;16;17;, 3;18;19;20;, 3;21;22;23;, 3;24;25;26;, 3;27;28;29;, 3;30;31;32;, 3;33;34;35;; MeshNormals { //Mesh Normals 36; 0.000000;-0.000000; 1.000000;, 0.000000;-0.000000; 1.000000;, 0.000000;-0.000000; 1.000000;, -0.000000;-1.000000;-0.000000;, -0.000000;-1.000000;-0.000000;, -0.000000;-1.000000;-0.000000;, -0.000000;-0.000000; 1.000000;, -0.000000;-0.000000; 1.000000;, -0.000000;-0.000000; 1.000000;, -1.000000; 0.000000;-0.000000;, -1.000000; 0.000000;-0.000000;, -1.000000; 0.000000;-0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000; 0.000000;, 1.000000;-0.000001; 0.000000;, 1.000000;-0.000001; 0.000000;, 1.000000;-0.000001; 0.000000;, -1.000000; 0.000000;-0.000000;, -1.000000; 0.000000;-0.000000;, -1.000000; 0.000000;-0.000000;, 0.000000; 0.000000;-1.000000;, 0.000000; 0.000000;-1.000000;, 0.000000; 0.000000;-1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;-0.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;-0.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;-0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000; 0.000000;, -0.000000;-1.000000; 0.000000;, -0.000000;-1.000000; 0.000000;, -0.000000;-1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000;-0.000000;-1.000000;, 0.000000;-0.000000;-1.000000;, 0.000000;-0.000000;-1.000000;; 12; 3;0;1;2;, 3;3;4;5;, 3;6;7;8;, 3;9;10;11;, 3;12;13;14;, 3;15;16;17;, 3;18;19;20;, 3;21;22;23;, 3;24;25;26;, 3;27;28;29;, 3;30;31;32;, 3;33;34;35;; } //End of Mesh Normals MeshMaterialList { //Mesh Material List 1; 12; 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0;; Material Material { 0.640000; 0.640000; 0.640000; 1.000000;; 96.078431; 0.500000; 0.500000; 0.500000;; 0.000000; 0.000000; 0.000000;; TextureFilename {"Yellow.jpg";} } } //End of Mesh Material List MeshTextureCoords UVMap{ //Mesh UV Coordinates 36; 0.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 1.000000;, 0.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;, 1.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;, 0.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 1.000000;, 1.000000; 0.000000;; } //End of Mesh UV Coordinates } //End of Mesh Mesh } //End of Cube } //End of Root Frame

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• Pygame surfaces and their Rects

  - by Jaka Novak

  I am trying to understand how pygame surfaces work. I am confused about Rect position of Surface object. If I try blit surface on screen at some position then Surface is drawn at right position, but Rect of the surface is still at position (0, 0)... I tried write my own surface class with new rect, but i am not sure if is that right solution. My goal is that i could move surface like image with rect.move() or something like that. If there is any solution to do that i would be happy to read it. Thanks for answer and time for reading this awful English If helps i write some code for better understanding my problem. (run it first, and then uncomment two lines of code and run again to see the diference): import pygame from pygame.locals import * class SurfaceR(pygame.Surface): def __init__(self, size, position): pygame.Surface.__init__(self, size) self.rect = pygame.Rect(position, size) self.position = position self.size = size def get_rect(self): return self.rect def main(): pygame.init() screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480)) pygame.display.set_caption("Screen!?") clock = pygame.time.Clock() fps = 30 white = (255, 255, 255) red = (255, 0, 0) green = (0, 255, 0) blue = (0, 0, 255) surface = pygame.Surface((70,200)) surface.fill(red) surface_re = SurfaceR((300, 50), (100, 300)) surface_re.fill(blue) while True: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: return 0 screen.blit(surface, (100,50)) screen.blit(surface_re, surface_re.position) #pygame.draw.rect(screen, white, surface.get_rect()) #pygame.draw.rect(screen, white, surface_re.get_rect()) pygame.display.update() clock.tick(fps) if __name__ == "__main__": main()

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• Unity: Spin wheels to move vehicle

  - by Paul Manta

  I am just getting started with Unity and I'd like to ask a question. If I have a "Vehicle" object that has two children: "FrontWheel" and "BackWheel" (both 'wheels' are cylinders), how should I set everything up such that I can move the entire vehicle by turning its wheels? When I apply a torque to "FrontWheel", the vehicle starts to move, but instead of the whole thing the moving together, the chassis is rolling on the cylinders and eventually falls off. How can I prevent it from doing that?

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• creating bounding box list

  - by Christian Frantz

  I'm trying to create a list of bounding boxes for each cube drawn, so I can use the boxes to intersect with a ray that my mouse position is casting, but I have no idea how. I've created a list that stores the boxes, but how am I getting the values from each box? for (int x = 0; x < mapHeight; x++) { for (int z = 0; z < mapWidth; z++) { cubes.Add(new Vector3(x, map[x, z], z), Matrix.Identity, grass); boxList.Add(something here); } } public Cube(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) { device = graphicsDevice; var vertices = new List<VertexPositionTexture>(); BuildFace(vertices, new Vector3(0, 0, 0), new Vector3(0, 1, 1)); BuildFace(vertices, new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector3(1, 1, 1)); BuildFace(vertices, new Vector3(1, 0, 1), new Vector3(1, 1, 0)); BuildFace(vertices, new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector3(0, 1, 0)); BuildFaceHorizontal(vertices, new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector3(1, 1, 1)); BuildFaceHorizontal(vertices, new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector3(1, 0, 0)); cubeVertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(device, VertexPositionTexture.VertexDeclaration, vertices.Count, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); cubeVertexBuffer.SetData<VertexPositionTexture>(vertices.ToArray()); } There aren't any clearly defined variables for the bounds of each cube created, so where do I create the bounding box from?

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• OpenGL - Calculating camera view matrix

  - by Karle

  Problem I am calculating the model, view and projection matrices independently to be used in my shader as follows: gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(in_Position, 1.0); When I try to calculate my camera's view matrix the Z axis is flipped and my camera seems like it is looking backwards. My program is written in C# using the OpenTK library. Translation (Working) I've created a test scene as follows: From my understanding of the OpenGL coordinate system they are positioned correctly. The model matrix is created using: Matrix4 translation = Matrix4.CreateTranslation(modelPosition); Matrix4 model = translation; The view matrix is created using: Matrix4 translation = Matrix4.CreateTranslation(-cameraPosition); Matrix4 view = translation; Rotation (Not-Working) I now want to create the camera's rotation matrix. To do this I use the camera's right, up and forward vectors: // Hard coded example orientation: // Normally calculated from up and forward // Similar to look-at camera. Vector3 r = Vector.UnitX; Vector3 u = Vector3.UnitY; Vector3 f = -Vector3.UnitZ; Matrix4 rot = new Matrix4( r.X, r.Y, r.Z, 0, u.X, u.Y, u.Z, 0, f.X, f.Y, f.Z, 0, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); This results in the following matrix being created: I know that multiplying by the identity matrix would produce no rotation. This is clearly not the identity matrix and therefore will apply some rotation. I thought that because this is aligned with the OpenGL coordinate system is should produce no rotation. Is this the wrong way to calculate the rotation matrix? I then create my view matrix as: // OpenTK is row-major so the order of operations is reversed: Matrix4 view = translation * rot; Rotation almost works now but the -Z/+Z axis has been flipped, with the green cube now appearing closer to the camera. It seems like the camera is looking backwards, especially if I move it around. My goal is to store the position and orientation of all objects (including the camera) as: Vector3 position; Vector3 up; Vector3 forward; Apologies for writing such a long question and thank you in advance. I've tried following tutorials/guides from many sites but I keep ending up with something wrong. Edit: Projection Matrix Set-up Matrix4 projection = Matrix4.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView( (float)(0.5 * Math.PI), (float)display.Width / display.Height, 0.1f, 1000.0f);

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• How to label a cuboid?

  - by usha

  Hi this is how my 3dcuboid looks, I have attached the complete code. I want to label this cuboid using different names across sides, how is this possible using opengl on android? public class MyGLRenderer implements Renderer { Context context; Cuboid rect; private float mCubeRotation; // private static float angleCube = 0; // Rotational angle in degree for cube (NEW) // private static float speedCube = -1.5f; // Rotational speed for cube (NEW) public MyGLRenderer(Context context) { rect = new Cuboid(); this.context = context; } public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset the model-view matrix gl.glTranslatef(0.2f, 0.0f, -8.0f); // Translate right and into the screen gl.glScalef(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f); // Scale down (NEW) gl.glRotatef(mCubeRotation, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // gl.glRotatef(angleCube, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // rotate about the axis (1,1,1) (NEW) rect.draw(gl); mCubeRotation -= 0.15f; //angleCube += speedCube; } public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if (height == 0) height = 1; // To prevent divide by zero float aspect = (float)width / height; // Set the viewport (display area) to cover the entire window gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height); // Setup perspective projection, with aspect ratio matches viewport gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION); // Select projection matrix gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset projection matrix // Use perspective projection GLU.gluPerspective(gl, 45, aspect, 0.1f, 100.f); gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW); // Select model-view matrix gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset } public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub gl.glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // Set color's clear-value to black gl.glClearDepthf(1.0f); // Set depth's clear-value to farthest gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST); // Enables depth-buffer for hidden surface removal gl.glDepthFunc(GL10.GL_LEQUAL); // The type of depth testing to do gl.glHint(GL10.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL10.GL_NICEST); // nice perspective view gl.glShadeModel(GL10.GL_SMOOTH); // Enable smooth shading of color gl.glDisable(GL10.GL_DITHER); // Disable dithering for better performance }} public class Cuboid{ private FloatBuffer mVertexBuffer; private FloatBuffer mColorBuffer; private ByteBuffer mIndexBuffer; private float vertices[] = { //width,height,depth -2.5f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -2.5f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -2.5f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -2.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; private float colors[] = { // R,G,B,A COLOR 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; private byte indices[] = { // VERTEX 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 REPRESENTATION FOR FACES 0, 4, 5, 0, 5, 1, 1, 5, 6, 1, 6, 2, 2, 6, 7, 2, 7, 3, 3, 7, 4, 3, 4, 0, 4, 7, 6, 4, 6, 5, 3, 0, 1, 3, 1, 2 }; public Cuboid() { ByteBuffer byteBuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length * 4); byteBuf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); mVertexBuffer = byteBuf.asFloatBuffer(); mVertexBuffer.put(vertices); mVertexBuffer.position(0); byteBuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(colors.length * 4); byteBuf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); mColorBuffer = byteBuf.asFloatBuffer(); mColorBuffer.put(colors); mColorBuffer.position(0); mIndexBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(indices.length); mIndexBuffer.put(indices); mIndexBuffer.position(0); } public void draw(GL10 gl) { gl.glFrontFace(GL10.GL_CW); gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, mVertexBuffer); gl.glColorPointer(4, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, mColorBuffer); gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY); gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES, 36, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, mIndexBuffer); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_COLOR_ARRAY); } } public class Draw3drect extends Activity { private GLSurfaceView glView; // Use GLSurfaceView // Call back when the activity is started, to initialize the view @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); glView = new GLSurfaceView(this); // Allocate a GLSurfaceView glView.setRenderer(new MyGLRenderer(this)); // Use a custom renderer this.setContentView(glView); // This activity sets to GLSurfaceView } // Call back when the activity is going into the background @Override protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); glView.onPause(); } // Call back after onPause() @Override protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); glView.onResume(); } }

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• How do I add shadow mapping?

  - by Jasper Creyf

  How do I add shadow mapping? I don't care if it uses GLSL it just has to work. I have been searching on stencil shadows and shadow mapping, all the examples given did nothing, if you don't understand that it means not even a single shadow is even being rendered. If you know how to add stencil shadows or shadow mapping, then please show some java code and if you're using GLSL then please show the code for them too.

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• Cocos2d-x 3.0 animation frame by frame

  - by Narek

  As I know animations are actions. Now I need to play animation frame by frame. Say I have an animation from N frames. each frame should be played after t delay. Now I want to play animation frame by frame, each frame advance the animation's state. How I can do this? And what about playing actions frame by frame advancing the state in general. I ask because I use ECS, and I deal with frames. P.S. I want to do something like this: Action * a = MoveTo(initialPoint, finalPoint, durationOfAnimation); a->play(0.001 seconds); a->play(0.003 seconds); a->play(0.02 seconds); a->play(0.67 seconds); a->play(0.06 seconds); And see the animation.

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• extrapolating object state based on updates

  - by user494461

  I have a networked multi-user collaborative application. To maintain a consistent virtual world, I send updates for objects from a master peer to a guest peer. The update state contains x,y,z coordinates of object center and his rotation matrix(CHAI3d api used a 3x3 matrix) with 30Hz frequency. I want to reduce this update rate and want to send with a reduced update rate. I want a predictor on both peers. When the predicted value is outside, say a error value of 10% in comparison to master peers objects original state the master peer triggers a state update. Now for position I used velocity,position updates so that the guest peer can extrapolate position. Like velocity for position what parameter should I use for rotation extrapolition?

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• Trouble with UV Mapping Blender => Unity 3

  - by Lea Hayes

  For some reason I am getting nasty grey edges around the edges of rendered 3D models that are not present in Blender. I seem to be able to solve the problem by reducing the size of the UV coordinates within the part of the texture that is to be mapped. But this means that: I am wasting valuable texture space Loss of accuracy in drawn UV maps Could I be doing something wrong, perhaps a setting in Unity that needs changing? I have watched countless tutorials which demonstrate Blender default generated UV coordinates with "Texture Paint" which are perfectly aligned in Unity. Here is an illustration of the problem: Left: approximately 15 pixels of margin on each side of UV coordinates Right: Approximately 3 pixels of margin on each side of UV coordinates Note: Texture image resolution is 1024x1024

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• The View-Matrix and Alternative Calculations

  - by P. Avery

  I'm working on a radiosity processor in DirectX 9. The process requires that the camera be placed at the center of a mesh face and a 'screenshot' be taken facing 5 different directions...forward...up...down...left...right... ...The problem is that when the mesh face is facing up( look vector: 0, 1, 0 )...a view matrix cannot be determined using standard trigonometry functions: Matrix4 LookAt( Vector3 eye, Vector3 target, Vector3 up ) { // The "look-at" vector. Vector3 zaxis = normal(target - eye); // The "right" vector. Vector3 xaxis = normal(cross(up, zaxis)); // The "up" vector. Vector3 yaxis = cross(zaxis, xaxis); // Create a 4x4 orientation matrix from the right, up, and at vectors Matrix4 orientation = { xaxis.x, yaxis.x, zaxis.x, 0, xaxis.y, yaxis.y, zaxis.y, 0, xaxis.z, yaxis.z, zaxis.z, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 }; // Create a 4x4 translation matrix by negating the eye position. Matrix4 translation = { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, -eye.x, -eye.y, -eye.z, 1 }; // Combine the orientation and translation to compute the view matrix return ( translation * orientation ); } The above function comes from http://3dgep.com/?p=1700... ...Is there a mathematical approach to this problem? Edit: A problem occurs when setting the view matrix to up or down directions, here is an example of the problem when facing down: D3DXVECTOR4 vPos( 3, 3, 3, 1 ), vEye( 1.5, 3, 3, 1 ), vLook( 0, -1, 0, 1 ), vRight( 1, 0, 0, 1 ), vUp( 0, 0, 1, 1 ); D3DXMATRIX mV, mP; D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( &mP, D3DX_PI / 2, 1, 0.5f, 2000.0f ); D3DXMatrixIdentity( &mV ); memcpy( ( void* )&mV._11, ( void* )&vRight, sizeof( D3DXVECTOR3 ) ); memcpy( ( void* )&mV._21, ( void* )&vUp, sizeof( D3DXVECTOR3 ) ); memcpy( ( void* )&mV._31, ( void* )&vLook, sizeof( D3DXVECTOR3 ) ); memcpy( ( void* )&mV._41, ( void* )&(-vEye), sizeof( D3DXVECTOR3 ) ); D3DXVec4Transform( &vPos, &vPos, &( mV * mP ) ); Results: vPos = D3DXVECTOR3( 1.5, -6, -0.5, 0 ) - this vertex is not properly processed by shader as the homogenous w value is 0 it cannot be normalized to a position within device space...

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• XNA - Render texture to a rendertarget 2d via SpriteBatch error

  - by Jared B

  I got simple code that uses SpriteBatch to draw a texture onto a RenderTarget2D... private void drawScene(GameTime g) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(skyColor); GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(targetScene); drawSunAndMoon(); effect.Fog = true; GraphicsDevice.SetVertexBuffer(line); effect.MainEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply(); GraphicsDevice.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleStrip, 0, 2); GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); SceneTexture = targetScene; } private void drawPostProcessing(GameTime g) { effect.SceneTexture = SceneTexture; GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(targetBloom); spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, BlendState.Opaque, null, null, null); { if(Bloom) effect.BlurEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply(); spriteBatch.Draw(targetScene, new Rectangle(0, 0, Window.ClientBounds.Width, Window.ClientBounds.Height), Color.White); } spriteBatch.End(); BloomTexture = targetBloom; GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); } Both methods are called from Draw(GameTime gameTime). First drawScene is called, then drawPostProcessing is called. The thing is, I can't run the code because "the render target must not be set on the device when it is used as a texture." at line spriteBatch.Draw(targetScene, new Rectangle(0, 0, Window.ClientBounds.Width, Window.ClientBounds.Height), Color.White); I already found the solution, which is to draw the actual renderTarget (targetScene) to the texture so it doesn't create a reference to the loaded rendertarget. However, to my knowledge, the only way of doing this is to write: GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(OutputTarget) SpriteBatch.Draw(InputTarget, ...) GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null) Which encounters the same exact problem I'm having right now. So, the question I'm asking is: how would I render InputTarget to OutputTarget without reference issues?

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• Pix for visual studio express 2012 (Desktop)

  - by JohnB

  (Originally asked on stackoverflow) Using visual c++ express 2010 for direct3d you have to download the directX sdk and there is a tool called pix for debugging shaders, looking at 3d resources etc. With visual studio 2012 express the directx sdk is included in the windows sdk that comes with it but this does not seem to include the winpix.exe tool. Is this very useful tool still available? I guess I can still use the one from the previous sdk but it seems wrong to install the entire sdk just for that tool. Is there a version for VS2012 express that I'm missing?

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• Billboarding restricted to an axis (cylindrical)

  - by user8709

  I have succesfully created a GLSL shader for a billboarding effect. I want to tweak this to restrict the billboarding to an arbitrary axis, i.e. a billboarded quad only rotates itself about the y-axis. I use the y-axis as an example, but essentially I would like this to be an arbitrary axis. Can anyone show me how to modify my existing shader below, or if I need to start from scratch, point me towards some resources that could be helpful? precision mediump float; uniform mat4 u_modelViewProjectionMat; uniform mat4 u_modelMat; uniform mat4 u_viewTransposeMat; uniform vec3 u_axis; // <------------ !!! the arbitrary axis to restrict rotation around attribute vec3 a_position0; attribute vec2 a_texCoord0; varying vec2 v_texCoord0; void main() { vec3 pos = (a_position0.x * u_viewTransposeMat[0] + a_position0.y * u_viewTransposeMat[1]).xyz; vec4 position = vec4(pos, 1.0); v_texCoord0 = a_texCoord0; gl_Position = u_modelViewProjectionMat * position; }

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• Circular Bullet Spread not Even

  - by SoulBeaver

  I'm creating a bullet shooter much in the style of Touhou. Right now I want to have a very simple circular shot being fired from the enemy. See this picture: As you can see, the spacing is very uneven, which isn't very good if you want to survive. The code I'm using is this: private function shoot() : void { const BULLETS_PER_WAVE : int = 72; var interval : Number = BULLETS_PER_WAVE / 360; for (var i : int = 0; i < BULLETS_PER_WAVE; ++i { var xSpeed : Number = GameConstants.BULLET_NORMAL_SPEED_X * Math.sin(i * interval); var ySpeed : Number = GameConstants.BULLET_NORMAL_SPEED_Y * Math.cos(i * interval); BulletFactory.createNormalBullet(bulletColor_, alice_.center, xSpeed, ySpeed); } canShoot_ = false; cooldownTimer_.start(); } I imagine my mistake is in the sin, cos functions, but I'm not entirely sure what's wrong.

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• Renderbuffer to GLSL shader?

  - by Dan

  I have a software that performs volume rendering through a raycasting approach. The actual raycasting shader writes the raycasted volume depth into a framebuffer object, through gl_FragDepth, that I bind before calling the shader. The problem I have is that I would like to use this depth in another shader that I call later on. I figured out that the only way to do that is to bind the framebuffer once the raycasting has finished, read the depthmap through something like glReadPixels(0, 0, m_winSize.x , m_winSize.y, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_FLOAT, pixels); and write it to a 2D texture as usual glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT24, m_winSize.x, m_winSize.y, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_FLOAT, pixels) and then pass this 2D texture that contains a simple depth map to the other shader. However, I am not entirely sure that what I do is the proper way to do this. Is there anyway to pass the framebuffer that I fill up in my raycasting shader to the other shader?

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• Mixing XNA and silverlight gives wierd graphics

  - by Mech0z

  I making a small 3dgame which is made as a Silverlight and XNA app, but when I draw the sprites the graphics becomes all wierd. All my primitive types are rendered correctly, but my 3d models are just wierd My Draw is like this when silverlight is set to draw private void OnDraw(object sender, GameTimerEventArgs e) { // Render the Silverlight controls using the UIElementRenderer elementRenderer.Render(); // Clear the screen to a solid color SharedGraphicsDeviceManager.Current.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); switch (gameState) { case GameState.ChooseStarter: TextBlockStatus.Text = "Find Starting Player"; break; case GameState.PlaceBrick: TextBlockPlayer.Text = (playerTurn == PlayerTurn.PlayerOne) ? "Player One" : "Player Two"; TextBlockState.Text = "Place Brick"; foreach (IGraphicObject obj in _3dObjects) { obj.Draw(cameraPosition, e); } break; case GameState.GiveBrick: TextBlockState.Text = "Give Brick"; break; } spriteBatch.Begin(); // Using the texture from the UIElementRenderer, // draw the Silverlight controls to the screen spriteBatch.Draw(elementRenderer.Texture, cameraProjection, Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); } This gives me this output If I comment the spritebatch lines out I get the correct output, except the silverlight text is of course not shown I am not entirely sure what to look for except that zero vector I am giving to the spritebatch, but if thats the source I have no idea what I am supposed to set it as epspecially when its a 2d vector

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• How to copy depth buffer to CPU memory in DirectX?

  - by Ashwin

  I have code in OpenGL that uses glReadPixels to copy the depth buffer to a CPU memory buffer: glReadPixels(0, 0, w, h, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_FLOAT, dbuf); How do I achieve the same in DirectX? I have looked at a similar question which gives the solution to copy the RGB buffer. I've tried to write similar code to copy the depth buffer: IDirect3DSurface9* d3dSurface; d3dDevice->GetDepthStencilSurface(&d3dSurface); D3DSURFACE_DESC d3dSurfaceDesc; d3dSurface->GetDesc(&d3dSurfaceDesc); IDirect3DSurface9* d3dOffSurface; d3dDevice->CreateOffscreenPlainSurface( d3dSurfaceDesc.Width, d3dSurfaceDesc.Height, D3DFMT_D32F_LOCKABLE, D3DPOOL_SCRATCH, &d3dOffSurface, NULL); // FAILS: D3DERR_INVALIDCALL D3DXLoadSurfaceFromSurface( d3dOffSurface, NULL, NULL, d3dSurface, NULL, NULL, D3DX_FILTER_NONE, 0); // Copy from offscreen surface to CPU memory ... The code fails on the call to D3DXLoadSurfaceFromSurface. It returns the error value D3DERR_INVALIDCALL. What is wrong with my code?

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• Combine Two Shader Program

  - by Siddharth

  For my android application, I want to apply brightness and contrast shader on same image. At present I am using gpuimage plugin. In that I found two separate program for brightness and contrast as per the following. Contrast shader: varying highp vec2 textureCoordinate; uniform sampler2D inputImageTexture; uniform lowp float contrast; void main() { lowp vec4 textureColor = texture2D(inputImageTexture, textureCoordinate); gl_FragColor = vec4(((textureColor.rgb - vec3(0.5)) * contrast + vec3(0.5)), textureColor.w); } Brightness shader: varying highp vec2 textureCoordinate; uniform sampler2D inputImageTexture; uniform lowp float brightness; void main() { lowp vec4 textureColor = texture2D(inputImageTexture, textureCoordinate); gl_FragColor = vec4((textureColor.rgb + vec3(brightness)), textureColor.w); } Now applying both of the effects I write following code varying highp vec2 textureCoordinate; uniform sampler2D inputImageTexture; varying highp vec2 textureCoordinate2; uniform sampler2D inputImageTexture2; uniform lowp float contrast; uniform lowp float brightness; void main() { lowp vec4 textureColorForContrast = texture2D(inputImageTexture, textureCoordinate); lowp vec4 contastVec4 = vec4(((textureColorForContrast.rgb - vec3(0.5)) * contrast + vec3(0.5)), textureColorForContrast.w); lowp vec4 textureColorForBrightness = texture2D(inputImageTexture2, textureCoordinate2); lowp vec4 brightnessVec4 = vec4((textureColorForBrightness.rgb + vec3(brightness)), textureColorForBrightness.w); gl_FragColor = contastVec4 + brightnessVec4; } Doesn't able to get desire result. I can't able to figure out what I have to do next? So please friends help me in this. What program I have to write?

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