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  • How to mix textures in DirectX?

    - by tobsen
    I am new to DirectX development and I am wondering if I am taking the wrong route to achieve the following: I would like to mix three textures which contain transparent areas and some solid areas (Red, Blue, Green). The three textures should blend like shown in this example: How can I achieve that in DirectX (preferably in directx9)? A link or example code would be nice. Update: My rendering method looks like this and I still think I am doing it wrong, because the sprite only shows the last texture (nothing is rendered transparent or blended): void D3DTester::render() { d3ddevice->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,0), 1.0f, 0); d3ddevice->BeginScene(); d3ddevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE, TRUE); d3ddevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SRCBLEND, D3DBLEND_ONE); d3ddevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_DESTBLEND, D3DBLEND_ONE); LPD3DXSPRITE sprite=NULL; HRESULT hres = D3DXCreateSprite(d3ddevice, &sprite); if(hres != S_OK) { throw std::exception(); } sprite->Begin(D3DXSPRITE_ALPHABLEND); std::vector<LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9>::iterator it; for ( it=textures.begin() ; it < textures.end(); it++ ) { sprite->Draw(*it, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0xFFFFFFFF); } sprite->End(); d3ddevice->EndScene(); d3ddevice->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL); } The resulting image looks like this: But I need it to look like this instead: Update2: I figured out that I have to SetRenderState after I use sprite->Begin(D3DXSPRITE_ALPHABLEND); thanks to the hint by Josh Petrie. However, by using this: sprite->Begin(D3DXSPRITE_ALPHABLEND); d3ddevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE, TRUE); d3ddevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SRCBLEND, D3DBLEND_ONE); d3ddevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_DESTBLEND, D3DBLEND_ONE); std::vector<LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9>::iterator it; for ( it=textures.begin() ; it < textures.end(); it++ ) { sprite->Draw(*it, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0xFFFFFFFF); } sprite->End(); The sprites colors are becoming transparent towards the background scene e.g.: if I use d3ddevice->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,100,21), 1.0f, 0); the result looks like: Is there any way to avoid that? I would like the sprites be transparent to each other but to be still solid to the background. Update3: After having sombody explained to me, how to do what @LaurentCouvidou and @JoshPetrie suggested, I have a working solution and therfore accept the answer: d3ddevice->BeginScene(); D3DCOLOR white = D3DCOLOR_RGBA((UINT)255, (UINT)255, (UINT)255, 255); D3DCOLOR black = D3DCOLOR_RGBA((UINT)0, (UINT)0, (UINT)0, 255); sprite->Begin(D3DXSPRITE_ALPHABLEND); sprite->Draw(pTextureRed, NULL, NULL, NULL, black); sprite->Draw(pTextureGreen, NULL, NULL, NULL, black); sprite->Draw(pTextureBlue, NULL, NULL, NULL, black); sprite->End(); sprite->Begin(D3DXSPRITE_ALPHABLEND); d3ddevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHATESTENABLE, TRUE); d3ddevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_BLENDOP, D3DBLENDOP_ADD); d3ddevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SRCBLEND, D3DBLEND_ONE); d3ddevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_DESTBLEND, D3DBLEND_ONE); sprite->Draw(pTextureRed, NULL, NULL, NULL, white); sprite->Draw(pTextureGreen, NULL, NULL, NULL, white); sprite->Draw(pTextureBlue, NULL, NULL, NULL, white); sprite->End(); d3ddevice->EndScene(); d3ddevice->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);

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  • Box2D Static-Dynamic body joint eliminates collisions

    - by andrewz
    I have a static body A, and a dynamic body B, and a dynamic body C. A is filtered to not collide with anything, B and C collide with each other. I wish to create a joint between B and A. When I create a joint (ex. revolute), B no longer collides with C - C passes through it as if it does not exist. What am I doing wrong? How can adding a joint prevent a body from colliding with another body it used to? EDIT: I want to join B with A, and have B collide with C, but not A collide with C. In realistic terms, I'm trying to create a revolute joint between a wheel (B) and a wall (A), and have a box (C) hit the wheel and the wheel would then rotate. EDIT: I create a the simplest revolute joint I can with these parameters (C++): b2RevoluteJointDef def; def.Initialize(A, B, B -> GetWorldCenter()); world -> CreateJoint(&def);

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  • Bone creation in XNA Content Pipeline

    - by cod3monk3y
    I'm trying to manually create a ModelContent instance that includes custom Bone data in a custom ContentProcessor in the XNA Content Pipeline. I can't seem to create or assign manually created bone data due to either private constructors or read-only collections (at every turn). The code I have right now that creates a single triangle ModelContent that I'd like to create a bone for is: MeshContent mc = new MeshContent(); mc.Positions.Add(new Vector3(-10, 0, 0)); mc.Positions.Add(new Vector3(0, 10, 0)); mc.Positions.Add(new Vector3(10, 0, 0)); GeometryContent gc = new GeometryContent(); gc.Indices.AddRange(new int[] { 0, 1, 2 }); gc.Vertices.AddRange(new int[] { 0, 1, 2 }); mc.Geometry.Add(gc); // Create normals MeshHelper.CalculateNormals(mc, true); // finally, convert it to a model ModelContent model = context.Convert<MeshContent, ModelContent>(mc, "ModelProcessor"); The documentation on XNA is amazingly sparse. I've been referencing the class diagrams created by DigitalRune and Sean Hargreaves blog, but I haven't found anything on creating bone content. Once the ModelContent is created, it's not possible to add bones because the Bones collection is read-only. And it seems the only way to create the ModelContent instance is to call the standard ModelProcessor via ContentProcessorContext.Convert. So it's a bit of a catch-22. The BoneContent class has a constructor but no methods except those inherited from NodeContent... though now (true to form) maybe I've realized the solution by asking the question. Should I create a root NodeContent with two children: one MeshContent and one BoneContent as the root of my skeleton; then pass the root NodeContent to ContentProcessorContext.Convert? Off to try that now...

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  • Geometry instancing in OpenGL ES 2.0

    - by seahorse
    I am planning to do geometry instancing in OpenGL ES 2.0 Basically I plan to render the same geometry(a chair) maybe 1000 times in my scene. What is the best way to do this in OpenGL ES 2.0? I am considering passing model view mat4 as an attribute. Since attributes are per vertex data do I need to pass this same mat4, three times for each vertex of the same triangle(since modelview remains constant across vertices of the triangle). That would amount to a lot of extra data sent to the GPU( 2 extra vertices*16 floats*(Number of triangles) amount of extra data). Or should I be sending the mat4 only once per triangle?But how is that possible using attributes since attributes are defined as "per vertex" data? What is the best and efficient way to do instancing in OpenGL ES 2.0?

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  • Exporting SWF With Transparent Background For Scaleform/UDK

    - by Alex Shepard
    After looking all over in the UDN and forums I have yet to find a solution for this: I am currently using Flash CS3 and Actionscript 2.0 to build my scaleform menus and I can use them in the UDK. For various reasons I can't use the handy plugin Autodesk supplies to enable this export so I publish my flash documents to swf the old fassioned way and manually use the gfxexport.exe tool to get my .gfx file. I can then import into the UDK the normal way. My problem is that the flash movies that I import will not alpha blend even if the material is set to blend in the alpha channel of the target render texture. My project images are set up to export properly. My classpath for Actionscript 2.0 is set to the correct location. My HTML publish settings have window mode set to Transparent Windowless. Is it possible to export without the scaleform flash extension and still get the desired effects and if so how might I do so? Am I merely missing something from my project setup?

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  • Loading class instance from XML with Texture2D

    - by Thegluestickman
    I'm having trouble with XML and XNA. I want to be able to load weapon settings through XML to make my weapons easier to make and to have less code in the actual project file. So I started out making a basic XML document, something to just assign variables with. But no matter what I changed it gave me a new error every time. The code below gives me a "XML element 'Tag' not found", I added and it started to say the variables weren't found. What I wanted to do in the XML file as well, was load a texture for the file too. So I created a static class to hold my texture values, then in the Texture tag of my XML document I would set it to that instance too. I think that's were the problems are occuring because that's where the "XML element 'Tag' not found" error is pointing me too. My XML document: <XnaContent> <Asset Type="ConversationEngine.Weapon"> <weaponStrength>0</weaponStrength> <damageModifiers>0</damageModifiers> <speed>0</speed> <magicDefense>0</magicDefense> <description>0</description> <identifier>0</identifier> <weaponTexture>LoadWeaponTextures.ironSword</weaponTexture> </Asset> </XnaContent> My Class to load the weapon XML: public class Weapon { public int weaponStrength; public int damageModifiers; public int speed; public int magicDefense; public string description; public string identifier; public Texture2D weaponTexture; } public static class LoadWeaponXML { static Weapon Weapons; public static Weapon WeaponLoad(ContentManager content, int id) { Weapons = content.Load<Weapon>(@"Weapons/" + id); return Weapons; } } public static class LoadWeaponTextures { public static Texture2D ironSword; public static void TextureLoad(ContentManager content) { ironSword = content.Load<Texture2D>("Sword"); } } I'm not entirely sure if you can load textures through XML, but any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • XNA Guide text input - maximum length

    - by simonalexander2005
    so I am using Guide.BeginShowKeyboardInput to get the user to enter their username. I would like this to be limited to 20 characters, and it seems to break expected behaviour to let them input whatever they like and trim it later - so how would I go about limiting what they can input in the text box itself? I have the following code: public string GetKeyboardInput(string title, string description, string defaultText, int maxLength) { if (input.CheckCancel()) { useKeyboardResult = false; KeyboardResult = null; } if (KeyboardResult == null && !Guide.IsVisible) { KeyboardResult = Guide.BeginShowKeyboardInput(PlayerIndex.One, title, description, defaultText, null, null); useKeyboardResult = true; } else if (KeyboardResult != null && KeyboardResult.IsCompleted) { string result = Guide.EndShowKeyboardInput(KeyboardResult); KeyboardResult = null; if (result == null) { useKeyboardResult = false; return null; } if (useKeyboardResult) { KeyboardResult = null; return result; } } else //the user is still entering inputs { } return null; } I assume the code I need would go in that final, empty else{} block, but I can't see any way to do this. Does anyone know how?

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  • Direct3D11 and SharpDX - How to pass a model instance's world matrix as an input to a vertex shader

    - by Nathan Ridley
    Using Direct3D11, I'm trying to pass a matrix into my vertex shader from the instance buffer that is associated with a given model's vertices and I can't seem to construct my InputLayout without throwing an exception. The shader looks like this: cbuffer ConstantBuffer : register(b0) { matrix World; matrix View; matrix Projection; } struct VIn { float4 position: POSITION; matrix instance: INSTANCE; float4 color: COLOR; }; struct VOut { float4 position : SV_POSITION; float4 color : COLOR; }; VOut VShader(VIn input) { VOut output; output.position = mul(input.position, input.instance); output.position = mul(output.position, View); output.position = mul(output.position, Projection); output.color = input.color; return output; } The input layout looks like this: var elements = new[] { new InputElement("POSITION", 0, Format.R32G32B32_Float, 0, 0, InputClassification.PerVertexData, 0), new InputElement("INSTANCE", 0, Format.R32G32B32A32_Float, 0, 0, InputClassification.PerInstanceData, 1), new InputElement("COLOR", 0, Format.R32G32B32A32_Float, 12, 0) }; InputLayout = new InputLayout(device, signature, elements); The buffer initialization looks like this: public ModelDeviceData(Model model, Device device) { Model = model; var vertices = Helpers.CreateBuffer(device, BindFlags.VertexBuffer, model.Vertices); var instances = Helpers.CreateBuffer(device, BindFlags.VertexBuffer, Model.Instances.Select(m => m.WorldMatrix).ToArray()); VerticesBufferBinding = new VertexBufferBinding(vertices, Utilities.SizeOf<ColoredVertex>(), 0); InstancesBufferBinding = new VertexBufferBinding(instances, Utilities.SizeOf<Matrix>(), 0); IndicesBuffer = Helpers.CreateBuffer(device, BindFlags.IndexBuffer, model.Triangles); } The buffer creation helper method looks like this: public static Buffer CreateBuffer<T>(Device device, BindFlags bindFlags, params T[] items) where T : struct { var len = Utilities.SizeOf(items); var stream = new DataStream(len, true, true); foreach (var item in items) stream.Write(item); stream.Position = 0; var buffer = new Buffer(device, stream, len, ResourceUsage.Default, bindFlags, CpuAccessFlags.None, ResourceOptionFlags.None, 0); return buffer; } The line that instantiates the InputLayout object throws this exception: *HRESULT: [0x80070057], Module: [General], ApiCode: [E_INVALIDARG/Invalid Arguments], Message: The parameter is incorrect.* Note that the data for each model instance is simply an instance of SharpDX.Matrix. EDIT Based on Tordin's answer, it sems like I have to modify my code like so: var elements = new[] { new InputElement("POSITION", 0, Format.R32G32B32_Float, 0, 0, InputClassification.PerVertexData, 0), new InputElement("INSTANCE0", 0, Format.R32G32B32A32_Float, 0, 0, InputClassification.PerInstanceData, 1), new InputElement("INSTANCE1", 1, Format.R32G32B32A32_Float, 0, 0, InputClassification.PerInstanceData, 1), new InputElement("INSTANCE2", 2, Format.R32G32B32A32_Float, 0, 0, InputClassification.PerInstanceData, 1), new InputElement("INSTANCE3", 3, Format.R32G32B32A32_Float, 0, 0, InputClassification.PerInstanceData, 1), new InputElement("COLOR", 0, Format.R32G32B32A32_Float, 12, 0) }; and in the shader: struct VIn { float4 position: POSITION; float4 instance0: INSTANCE0; float4 instance1: INSTANCE1; float4 instance2: INSTANCE2; float4 instance3: INSTANCE3; float4 color: COLOR; }; VOut VShader(VIn input) { VOut output; matrix world = { input.instance0, input.instance1, input.instance2, input.instance3 }; output.position = mul(input.position, world); output.position = mul(output.position, View); output.position = mul(output.position, Projection); output.color = input.color; return output; } However I still get an exception.

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  • Why i can not load a simple pixel shader effect (. fx) file in xna?

    - by Mehdi Bugnard
    I just want to load a simple *.fx file into my project to make a (pixel shader) effect. But whenever I try to compile my project, I get the following error in visual studio Error List: Errors compiling .. ID3DXEffectCompiler: There were no techniques ID3DXEffectCompiler: Compilation failed I already searched on google and found many people with the same problem. And I realized that it was a problem of encoding. With the return lines unrecognized '\ n' . I tried to copy and paste to notepad and save as with ASCII or UTF8 encoding. But the result is always the same. Do you have an idea please ? Thanks a looot :-) Here is my [.fx] file : sampler BaseTexture : register(s0); sampler MaskTexture : register(s1) { addressU = Clamp; addressV = Clamp; }; //All of these variables are pixel values //Feel free to replace with float2 variables float MaskLocationX; float MaskLocationY; float MaskWidth; float MaskHeight; float BaseTextureLocationX; //This is where your texture is to be drawn float BaseTextureLocationY; //texCoord is different, it is the current pixel float BaseTextureWidth; float BaseTextureHeight; float4 main(float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD0) : COLOR0 { //We need to calculate where in terms of percentage to sample from the MaskTexture float maskPixelX = texCoord.x * BaseTextureWidth + BaseTextureLocationX; float maskPixelY = texCoord.y * BaseTextureHeight + BaseTextureLocationY; float2 maskCoord = float2((maskPixelX - MaskLocationX) / MaskWidth, (maskPixelY - MaskLocationY) / MaskHeight); float4 bitMask = tex2D(MaskTexture, maskCoord); float4 tex = tex2D(BaseTexture, texCoord); //It is a good idea to avoid conditional statements in a pixel shader if you can use math instead. return tex * (bitMask.a); //Alternate calculation to invert the mask, you could make this a parameter too if you wanted //return tex * (1.0 - bitMask.a); }

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  • OpenGL texture on sphere

    - by Cilenco
    I want to create a rolling, textured ball in OpenGL ES 1.0 for Android. With this function I can create a sphere: public Ball(GL10 gl, float radius) { ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(40000); bb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); sphereVertex = bb.asFloatBuffer(); points = build(); } private int build() { double dTheta = STEP * Math.PI / 180; double dPhi = dTheta; int points = 0; for(double phi = -(Math.PI/2); phi <= Math.PI/2; phi+=dPhi) { for(double theta = 0.0; theta <= (Math.PI * 2); theta+=dTheta) { sphereVertex.put((float) (raduis * Math.sin(phi) * Math.cos(theta))); sphereVertex.put((float) (raduis * Math.sin(phi) * Math.sin(theta))); sphereVertex.put((float) (raduis * Math.cos(phi))); points++; } } sphereVertex.position(0); return points; } public void draw() { texture.bind(); gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, sphereVertex); gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 0, points); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); } My problem now is that I want to use this texture for the sphere but then only a black ball is created (of course because the top right corner s black). I use this texture coordinates because I want to use the whole texture: 0|0 0|1 1|1 1|0 That's what I learned from texturing a triangle. Is that incorrect if I want to use it with a sphere? What do I have to do to use the texture correctly?

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  • Is it possible to billboard a sprite using a transformation matrix?

    - by Ross
    None of the current topics on billboarding seemed to answer this question. But, given a sprite (or quad) that has it's own 4x4 transformation matrix a camera with a view matrix (a standard 4x4 transformation matrix) is it possible to compute a 4x4 transformation matrix such that when the quad's matrix is multiplied with this matrix it has an orientation of looking at the camera? Thank you in advance.

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  • openGL migration from SFML to glut, vertices arrays or display lists are not displayed

    - by user3714670
    Due to using quad buffered stereo 3D (which i have not included yet), i need to migrate my openGL program from a SFML window to a glut window. With SFML my vertices and display list were properly displayed, now with glut my window is blank white (or another color depending on the way i clear it). Here is the code to initialise the window : int type; int stereoMode = 0; if ( stereoMode == 0 ) type = GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH; else type = GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_STEREO; glutInitDisplayMode(type); int argc = 0; char *argv = ""; glewExperimental = GL_TRUE; glutInit(&argc, &argv); bool fullscreen = false; glutInitWindowSize(width,height); int win = glutCreateWindow(title.c_str()); glutSetWindow(win); assert(win != 0); if ( fullscreen ) { glutFullScreen(); width = glutGet(GLUT_SCREEN_WIDTH); height = glutGet(GLUT_SCREEN_HEIGHT); } GLenum err = glewInit(); if (GLEW_OK != err) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", glewGetErrorString(err)); } glutDisplayFunc(loop_function); This is the only code i had to change for now, but here is the code i used with sfml and displayed my objects in the loop, if i change the value of glClearColor, the window's background does change color : glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glClearColor(255.0f, 255.0f, 255.0f, 0.0f); glLoadIdentity(); sf::Time elapsed_time = clock.getElapsedTime(); clock.restart(); camera->animate(elapsed_time.asMilliseconds()); camera->look(); for (auto i = objects->cbegin(); i != objects->cend(); ++i) (*i)->draw(camera); glutSwapBuffers(); Is there any other changes i should have done switching to glut ? that would be great if someone could enlighten me on the subject. In addition to that, i found out that adding too many objects (that were well handled before with SFML), openGL gives error 1285: out of memory. Maybe this is related. EDIT : Here is the code i use to draw each object, maybe it is the problem : GLuint LightID = glGetUniformLocation(this->shaderProgram, "LightPosition_worldspace"); if(LightID ==-1) cout << "LightID not found ..." << endl; GLuint MaterialAmbientID = glGetUniformLocation(this->shaderProgram, "MaterialAmbient"); if(LightID ==-1) cout << "LightID not found ..." << endl; GLuint MaterialSpecularID = glGetUniformLocation(this->shaderProgram, "MaterialSpecular"); if(LightID ==-1) cout << "LightID not found ..." << endl; glm::vec3 lightPos = glm::vec3(0,150,150); glUniform3f(LightID, lightPos.x, lightPos.y, lightPos.z); glUniform3f(MaterialAmbientID, MaterialAmbient.x, MaterialAmbient.y, MaterialAmbient.z); glUniform3f(MaterialSpecularID, MaterialSpecular.x, MaterialSpecular.y, MaterialSpecular.z); // Get a handle for our "myTextureSampler" uniform GLuint TextureID = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "myTextureSampler"); if(!TextureID) cout << "TextureID not found ..." << endl; glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); sf::Texture::bind(texture); glUniform1i(TextureID, 0); // 2nd attribute buffer : UVs GLuint vertexUVID = glGetAttribLocation(shaderProgram, "color"); if(vertexUVID==-1) cout << "vertexUVID not found ..." << endl; glEnableVertexAttribArray(vertexUVID); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, color_array_buffer); glVertexAttribPointer(vertexUVID, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0); GLuint vertexNormal_modelspaceID = glGetAttribLocation(shaderProgram, "normal"); if(!vertexNormal_modelspaceID) cout << "vertexNormal_modelspaceID not found ..." << endl; glEnableVertexAttribArray(vertexNormal_modelspaceID); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, normal_array_buffer); glVertexAttribPointer(vertexNormal_modelspaceID, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0 ); GLint posAttrib; posAttrib = glGetAttribLocation(shaderProgram, "position"); if(!posAttrib) cout << "posAttrib not found ..." << endl; glEnableVertexAttribArray(posAttrib); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, position_array_buffer); glVertexAttribPointer(posAttrib, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, elements_array_buffer); glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, indices.size(), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0); GLuint error; while ((error = glGetError()) != GL_NO_ERROR) { cerr << "OpenGL error: " << error << endl; } disableShaders();

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  • Lost transparency in SDL surfaces drawn manually

    - by Christian Ivicevic
    I want to create SDL_Surface objects for each layer of my 2d tile-based map so that I have to render only one surface per layer rather than too many tiles. With normal tiles which do not have transparent areas this works well, however I am not able to create a SDL_Surface with transparent pixels everywhere to be able to draw some tiles on specific parts which should be visible (I do NOT want the whole surface to appear with a specific opacity - I want to create overlaying tiles where one can look through). Currently I am creating my layers like this to draw with SDL_BlitSurface on them: SDL_Surface* layer = SDL_CreateRGBSurface( SDL_HWSURFACE | SDL_SRCALPHA, layerWidth, layerHeight, 32, 0, 0, 0, 0); If you have a look at this screenshot I have provided here you can see that the bottom layer with no transparent parts gets rendered correctly. However the overlay with the tree tile (which is transparent in the top left corner) is drawn own its own surface which is black and not transparent as expected. The expected result (concerning the transparency) can be seen here Can anyone explain me how to handle surfaces which are actually transparent rather than drawing all my overlay tiles separately?

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  • What's the standard location of a 3D clipping box?

    - by Kendall Frey
    The way I understand 3D rendering, polygons are transformed using several matrices, and they are then clipped if they are not inside a certain box, before projecting the box onto the screen. Before transformation, the visible area is typically a frustum, and after transformation, I am guessing it's a cube. This cube makes the clipping math easier than a frustum would. My question is, what's the 'standard' location/size for this clipping box? I can think of 3 possibilities: (0,0,0)-(1,1,1), (-0.5,-0.5,-0.5)-(0.5,0.5,0.5), (-1,-1,-1)-(1,1,1) Or is there no standard?

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  • Billboarding + aligning with velocity direction

    - by roxlu
    I'm working on a particle system where I'm orientating the billboard using the inverted orientation matrix of my camera. This works quite well and my quad are rotated correctly towards the camera. But, now I want to to rotate the quads in such a way that they point towards the direction they are going to. In 2D this can be done by normalizing the velocity vector and using that vector for a rotation around the Z-axis (where vel.x = cos(a) and vel.y = sin(a)). But how does this work in 3D? Thanks roxlu

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  • How does Minecraft compute lighting for it's non-block objects?

    - by Darestium
    I was wondering how the creator of Minecraft went about lighting the objects (player and pickaxe) based on the lighting level around the player. I have implemented the ability to light the blocks around the player but I can't really think of anyway to implement with objects. Also, when I the player moves and the lighting values change will I have to rebuild it's vertexbuffers? Or is there some other way? Any ideas?

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  • “Advanced” talk to text program [on hold]

    - by Rocky
    So, I have asked this question on 3 sites before, without getting a good answer, basically what I need is: being able to put recorded voice in a file (preferrebly .txt) Automatic recording when saying a key-word Automatic stop of the recording after a bit of silence If you have any idea on how this is possible I would be very happy :) I tried dragon natural speaking before as someone said it would work (it did not) so unless you know how that is possible dont say it ;) (Not sure what site to ask this on)

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  • How can I create a fast, real-time, fixed length glowing ray?

    - by igf
    Similar to the disintegrate skill in Diablo 3. It should not light other objects in scene. Just glowing and animated. Like in this video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_c4x6aQAG8. Should I use pack of pre-computed glow sources textures for each frame of ray animation like in this article http://http.developer.nvidia.com/GPUGems/gpugems_ch21.html and put it in bloom shader? Is there any other efficient ways to achive this effect? I'm using OpenGL ES 2.0.

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  • How can I reorient the axes of an object?

    - by d3vid
    I spent some time in Unity yesterday trying to fire a sphere from a horizontal cylinder (like a ball from a cannon). I was using Vector3.forward, but the sphere kept coming out the top of the cylinder rather than the front. Someone suggested using Vector3.up instead, and sure enough it worked! The cylinder is vertical by default. So, it appears that when I rotated the cylinder by 90 degrees to lay it flat, the local axes remained the same. The relative front of the cylinder remained at the same point, so when I fired the sphere it shot out the new "top", not what looked to me like the "front". If I had happened to be facing the other way, I would have had to fire at Vector3.down instead. How can I reorient/reset the axes of an object so that they match my expectations? (And if I can't, how can I tell by looking which way an object is oriented?)

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  • 3D transformations in WPF & DirectX/Direct3D or OpenGL

    - by user2723417
    I need your help with 3D transformations. I have a sphere and I want to deform it by a mouse click or a mouse move. I want to make a furrow or to bite off a piece of the sphere without any breaks of 3D material. It is possible in WPF, but if the quantity of 3D points is more then 25 000, it creates some freezes in a dynamic mode (animation breaks), because the object of MeshGeometry3D class should be reconstructed every time to stop the breaks of 3D material. Give me advice about tools for the realization of my task. Maybe it can be done with the help of DirectX/Direct3D or OpenGL? I am a newcomer in these collections of APIs, but I would like to study them. I need to integrate the process of transformation in WPF application.

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  • multi-dimension array problem in RGSS (RPG Maker XP)

    - by AzDesign
    This is my first day code script in RMXP. I read tutorials, ruby references, etc and I found myself stuck on a weird problem, here is the scenario: I made a custom script to display layered images Create the class, create an instance variable to hold the array, create a simple method to add an element into it, done The draw method (skipped the rest of the code to this part): def draw image = [] index = 0 for i in [email protected] if image.size > 0 index = image.size end image[index] = Sprite.new image[index].bitmap = RPG::Cache.picture(@components[i][0] + '.png') image[index].x = @x + @components[i][1] image[index].y = @y + @components[i][2] image[index].z = @z + @components[i][3] @test =+ 1 end end Create an event that does these script > $layerz = Layerz.new $layerz.configuration[0] = ['root',0,0,1] > $layerz.configuration[1] = ['bark',0,10,2] > $layerz.configuration[2] = ['branch',0,30,3] > $layerz.configuration[3] = ['leaves',0,60,4] $layerz.draw Run, trigger the event and the result : ERROR! Undefined method`[]' for nil:NilClass pointing at this line on draw method : image[index].bitmap = RPG::Cache.picture(@components[i][0] + '.png') THEN, I changed the method like these just for testing: def draw image = [] index = 0 for i in [email protected] if image.size > 0 index = image.size end image[index] = Sprite.new image[index].bitmap = RPG::Cache.picture(@components[0][0] + '.png') image[index].x = @x + @components[0][1] image[index].y = @y + @components[0][2] image[index].z = @z + @components[0][3] @test =+ 1 end I changed the @components[i][0] to @components[0][0] and IT WORKS, but only the root as it not iterates to the next array index Im stuck here, see : > in single level array, @components[0] and @components[i] has no problem > in multi-dimension array, @components[0][0] has no problem BUT > in multi-dimension array, @components[i][0] produce the error as above > mentioned. any suggestion to fix the error ? Or did I wrote something wrong ?

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  • what does AngleVectors method in quake 3 source code does

    - by kypronite
    I just downloaded quake 3 for learning purposes. I know some of some linear algebra(basic vector math ie: dot,cross product). However I can't decipher what below method does, I know what is yaw,pitch and roll. But I can't connect these with vector. Worse, I'm not sure this fall under what math 'category', so I don't really know how to google. Hence the question here. Anyone? void AngleVectors( const vec3_t angles, vec3_t forward, vec3_t right, vec3_t up) { float angle; static float sr, sp, sy, cr, cp, cy; // static to help MS compiler fp bugs angle = angles[YAW] * (M_PI*2 / 360); sy = sin(angle); cy = cos(angle); angle = angles[PITCH] * (M_PI*2 / 360); sp = sin(angle); cp = cos(angle); angle = angles[ROLL] * (M_PI*2 / 360); sr = sin(angle); cr = cos(angle); if (forward) { forward[0] = cp*cy; forward[1] = cp*sy; forward[2] = -sp; } if (right) { right[0] = (-1*sr*sp*cy+-1*cr*-sy); right[1] = (-1*sr*sp*sy+-1*cr*cy); right[2] = -1*sr*cp; } if (up) { up[0] = (cr*sp*cy+-sr*-sy); up[1] = (cr*sp*sy+-sr*cy); up[2] = cr*cp; } } ddddd

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  • Movement and Collision with AABB

    - by Jeremy Giberson
    I'm having a little difficulty figuring out the following scenarios. http://i.stack.imgur.com/8lM6i.png In scenario A, the moving entity has fallen to (and slightly into the floor). The current position represents the projected position that will occur if I apply the acceleration & velocity as usual without worrying about collision. The Next position, represents the corrected projection position after collision check. The resulting end position is the falling entity now rests ON the floor--that is, in a consistent state of collision by sharing it's bottom X axis with the floor's top X axis. My current update loop looks like the following: // figure out forces & accelerations and project an objects next position // check collision occurrence from current position -> projected position // if a collision occurs, adjust projection position Which seems to be working for the scenario of my object falling to the floor. However, the situation becomes sticky when trying to figure out scenario's B & C. In scenario B, I'm attempt to move along the floor on the X axis (player is pressing right direction button) additionally, gravity is pulling the object into the floor. The problem is, when the object attempts to move the collision detection code is going to recognize that the object is already colliding with the floor to begin with, and auto correct any movement back to where it was before. In scenario C, I'm attempting to jump off the floor. Again, because the object is already in a constant collision with the floor, when the collision routine checks to make sure moving from current position to projected position doesn't result in a collision, it will fail because at the beginning of the motion, the object is already colliding. How do you allow movement along the edge of an object? How do you allow movement away from an object you are already colliding with. Extra Info My collision routine is based on AABB sweeping test from an old gamasutra article, http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/3383/simple_intersection_tests_for_games.php?page=3 My bounding box implementation is based on top left/bottom right instead of midpoint/extents, so my min/max functions are adjusted. Otherwise, here is my bounding box class with collision routines: public class BoundingBox { public XYZ topLeft; public XYZ bottomRight; public BoundingBox(float x, float y, float z, float w, float h, float d) { topLeft = new XYZ(); bottomRight = new XYZ(); topLeft.x = x; topLeft.y = y; topLeft.z = z; bottomRight.x = x+w; bottomRight.y = y+h; bottomRight.z = z+d; } public BoundingBox(XYZ position, XYZ dimensions, boolean centered) { topLeft = new XYZ(); bottomRight = new XYZ(); topLeft.x = position.x; topLeft.y = position.y; topLeft.z = position.z; bottomRight.x = position.x + (centered ? dimensions.x/2 : dimensions.x); bottomRight.y = position.y + (centered ? dimensions.y/2 : dimensions.y); bottomRight.z = position.z + (centered ? dimensions.z/2 : dimensions.z); } /** * Check if a point lies inside a bounding box * @param box * @param point * @return */ public static boolean isPointInside(BoundingBox box, XYZ point) { if(box.topLeft.x <= point.x && point.x <= box.bottomRight.x && box.topLeft.y <= point.y && point.y <= box.bottomRight.y && box.topLeft.z <= point.z && point.z <= box.bottomRight.z) return true; return false; } /** * Check for overlap between two bounding boxes using separating axis theorem * if two boxes are separated on any axis, they cannot be overlapping * @param a * @param b * @return */ public static boolean isOverlapping(BoundingBox a, BoundingBox b) { XYZ dxyz = new XYZ(b.topLeft.x - a.topLeft.x, b.topLeft.y - a.topLeft.y, b.topLeft.z - a.topLeft.z); // if b - a is positive, a is first on the axis and we should use its extent // if b -a is negative, b is first on the axis and we should use its extent // check for x axis separation if ((dxyz.x >= 0 && a.bottomRight.x-a.topLeft.x < dxyz.x) // negative scale, reverse extent sum, flip equality ||(dxyz.x < 0 && b.topLeft.x-b.bottomRight.x > dxyz.x)) return false; // check for y axis separation if ((dxyz.y >= 0 && a.bottomRight.y-a.topLeft.y < dxyz.y) // negative scale, reverse extent sum, flip equality ||(dxyz.y < 0 && b.topLeft.y-b.bottomRight.y > dxyz.y)) return false; // check for z axis separation if ((dxyz.z >= 0 && a.bottomRight.z-a.topLeft.z < dxyz.z) // negative scale, reverse extent sum, flip equality ||(dxyz.z < 0 && b.topLeft.z-b.bottomRight.z > dxyz.z)) return false; // not separated on any axis, overlapping return true; } public static boolean isContactEdge(int xyzAxis, BoundingBox a, BoundingBox b) { switch(xyzAxis) { case XYZ.XCOORD: if(a.topLeft.x == b.bottomRight.x || a.bottomRight.x == b.topLeft.x) return true; return false; case XYZ.YCOORD: if(a.topLeft.y == b.bottomRight.y || a.bottomRight.y == b.topLeft.y) return true; return false; case XYZ.ZCOORD: if(a.topLeft.z == b.bottomRight.z || a.bottomRight.z == b.topLeft.z) return true; return false; } return false; } /** * Sweep test min extent value * @param box * @param xyzCoord * @return */ public static float min(BoundingBox box, int xyzCoord) { switch(xyzCoord) { case XYZ.XCOORD: return box.topLeft.x; case XYZ.YCOORD: return box.topLeft.y; case XYZ.ZCOORD: return box.topLeft.z; default: return 0f; } } /** * Sweep test max extent value * @param box * @param xyzCoord * @return */ public static float max(BoundingBox box, int xyzCoord) { switch(xyzCoord) { case XYZ.XCOORD: return box.bottomRight.x; case XYZ.YCOORD: return box.bottomRight.y; case XYZ.ZCOORD: return box.bottomRight.z; default: return 0f; } } /** * Test if bounding box A will overlap bounding box B at any point * when box A moves from position 0 to position 1 and box B moves from position 0 to position 1 * Note, sweep test assumes bounding boxes A and B's dimensions do not change * * @param a0 box a starting position * @param a1 box a ending position * @param b0 box b starting position * @param b1 box b ending position * @param aCollisionOut xyz of box a's position when/if a collision occurs * @param bCollisionOut xyz of box b's position when/if a collision occurs * @return */ public static boolean sweepTest(BoundingBox a0, BoundingBox a1, BoundingBox b0, BoundingBox b1, XYZ aCollisionOut, XYZ bCollisionOut) { // solve in reference to A XYZ va = new XYZ(a1.topLeft.x-a0.topLeft.x, a1.topLeft.y-a0.topLeft.y, a1.topLeft.z-a0.topLeft.z); XYZ vb = new XYZ(b1.topLeft.x-b0.topLeft.x, b1.topLeft.y-b0.topLeft.y, b1.topLeft.z-b0.topLeft.z); XYZ v = new XYZ(vb.x-va.x, vb.y-va.y, vb.z-va.z); // check for initial overlap if(BoundingBox.isOverlapping(a0, b0)) { // java pass by ref/value gotcha, have to modify value can't reassign it aCollisionOut.x = a0.topLeft.x; aCollisionOut.y = a0.topLeft.y; aCollisionOut.z = a0.topLeft.z; bCollisionOut.x = b0.topLeft.x; bCollisionOut.y = b0.topLeft.y; bCollisionOut.z = b0.topLeft.z; return true; } // overlap min/maxs XYZ u0 = new XYZ(); XYZ u1 = new XYZ(1,1,1); float t0, t1; // iterate axis and find overlaps times (x=0, y=1, z=2) for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { float aMax = max(a0, i); float aMin = min(a0, i); float bMax = max(b0, i); float bMin = min(b0, i); float vi = XYZ.getCoord(v, i); if(aMax < bMax && vi < 0) XYZ.setCoord(u0, i, (aMax-bMin)/vi); else if(bMax < aMin && vi > 0) XYZ.setCoord(u0, i, (aMin-bMax)/vi); if(bMax > aMin && vi < 0) XYZ.setCoord(u1, i, (aMin-bMax)/vi); else if(aMax > bMin && vi > 0) XYZ.setCoord(u1, i, (aMax-bMin)/vi); } // get times of collision t0 = Math.max(u0.x, Math.max(u0.y, u0.z)); t1 = Math.min(u1.x, Math.min(u1.y, u1.z)); // collision only occurs if t0 < t1 if(t0 <= t1 && t0 != 0) // not t0 because we already tested it! { // t0 is the normalized time of the collision // then the position of the bounding boxes would // be their original position + velocity*time aCollisionOut.x = a0.topLeft.x + va.x*t0; aCollisionOut.y = a0.topLeft.y + va.y*t0; aCollisionOut.z = a0.topLeft.z + va.z*t0; bCollisionOut.x = b0.topLeft.x + vb.x*t0; bCollisionOut.y = b0.topLeft.y + vb.y*t0; bCollisionOut.z = b0.topLeft.z + vb.z*t0; return true; } else return false; } }

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  • Efficiently checking input and firing events

    - by Jim
    I'm writing an InputHandler class in XNA, and there are several different keys considered valid input (all of type Microsoft.XNA.Framework.Input.Keys). For each key, I have three events: internal event InputEvent XYZPressed; internal event InputEvent XYZHeld; internal event InputEvent XYZReleased; where XYZ is the name of the Keys object representing that key. To fire these events, I have the following for each key: if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(XYZ)) { if (PreviousKeyState.IsKeyDown(XYZ)) { if (XYZHeld != null) XYZHeld(); } else { if (XYZPressed != null) XYZPressed(); } } else if (PreviousKeyState.IsKeyDown(XYZ)) { if (XYZReleased != null) XYZReleased(); } However, this is a lot of repeated code (the above needs to be repeated for each input key). Aside from being a hassle to write, if any keys are added to/removed from the keys (if functionality is added/removed), a new section needs to be added (or an existing one removed). Is there a cleaner way to do this? Perhaps something along the lines of foreach key check which state it's in fire this key's event for that state where the code does the foreach (automatically checking exactly those keys that "exist") rather than the coder?

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  • Ogre Specific libraries

    - by Molmasepic
    i have a simple question. For people that know and built ogre3D from source as a Static library, What is the order of which the libraries should be linked? The libraries I need to be organized are: Ogre Plugins 'libOgreMain.a' Ogre RenderSystems Boost(version 1.47)link Ogre's Dependencies The reason im asking is because in the Ogre forums, I have asked about this and didnt get a good reply...yet. The other reason is because even though i link to the boost library, i get this error: undefined reference to '_imp___ZN5boost6thread20hardware_concurrencyEv' My compiler is MinGW with CodeBlocks as the IDE And my Main Computer Im building on is Windows Vista 32 bit

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