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• Information Gain and Entropy

  - by dhorn

  I recently read this question regarding information gain and entropy. I think I have a semi-decent grasp on the main idea, but I'm curious as what to do with situations such as follows: If we have a bag of 7 coins, 1 of which is heavier than the others, and 1 of which is lighter than the others, and we know the heavier coin + the lighter coin is the same as 2 normal coins, what is the information gain associated with picking two random coins and weighing them against each other? Our goal here is to identify the two odd coins. I've been thinking this problem over for a while, and can't frame it correctly in a decision tree, or any other way for that matter. Any help? EDIT: I understand the formula for entropy and the formula for information gain. What I don't understand is how to frame this problem in a decision tree format. EDIT 2: Here is where I'm at so far: Assuming we pick two coins and they both end up weighing the same, we can assume our new chances of picking H+L come out to 1/5 * 1/4 = 1/20 , easy enough. Assuming we pick two coins and the left side is heavier. There are three different cases where this can occur: HM: Which gives us 1/2 chance of picking H and a 1/4 chance of picking L: 1/8 HL: 1/2 chance of picking high, 1/1 chance of picking low: 1/1 ML: 1/2 chance of picking low, 1/4 chance of picking high: 1/8 However, the odds of us picking HM are 1/7 * 5/6 which is 5/42 The odds of us picking HL are 1/7 * 1/6 which is 1/42 And the odds of us picking ML are 1/7 * 5/6 which is 5/42 If we weight the overall probabilities with these odds, we are given: (1/8) * (5/42) + (1/1) * (1/42) + (1/8) * (5/42) = 3/56. The same holds true for option B. option A = 3/56 option B = 3/56 option C = 1/20 However, option C should be weighted heavier because there is a 5/7 * 4/6 chance to pick two mediums. So I'm assuming from here I weight THOSE odds. I am pretty sure I've messed up somewhere along the way, but I think I'm on the right path! EDIT 3: More stuff. Assuming the scale is unbalanced, the odds are (10/11) that only one of the coins is the H or L coin, and (1/11) that both coins are H/L Therefore we can conclude: (10 / 11) * (1/2 * 1/5) and (1 / 11) * (1/2) EDIT 4: Going to go ahead and say that it is a total 4/42 increase.

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• How do I read input character-by-character in Java?

  - by Jergason

  I am used to the c-style getchar(), but it seems like there is nothing comparable for java. I am building a lexical analyzer, and I need to read in the input character by character. I know I can use the scanner to scan in a token or line and parse through the token char-by-char, but that seems unwieldy for strings spanning multiple lines. Is there a way to just get the next character from the input buffer in Java, or should I just plug away with the Scanner class? Edit: forgot to say where the input is coming from. The input is a file, not the keyboard.

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• cache-coherence MOESI protocol

  - by Yaron

  processor A owns a cache line which is shared with processor B. what happens when B tries to write to that line? also, if it was 'invalid' instead of 'shared' would it make any difference? thank you.

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• C++ Memory Allocation & Linked List Implementation

  - by pws5068

  I'm writing software to simulate the "first-fit" memory allocation schema. Basically, I allocate a large X megabyte chunk of memory and subdivide it into blocks when chunks are requested according to the schema. I'm using a linked list called "node" as a header for each block of memory (so that we can find the next block without tediously looping through every address value. head_ptr = (char*) malloc(total_size + sizeof(node)); if(head_ptr == NULL) return -1; // Malloc Error .. :-( node* head_node = new node; // Build block header head_node->next = NULL; head_node->previous = NULL; // Header points to next block (which doesn't exist yet) memset(head_ptr,head_node, sizeof(node)); ` But this last line returns: error: invalid conversion from 'node*' to 'int' I understand why this is invalid.. but how can I place my node into the pointer location of my newly allocated memory?

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• Binary Tree operator overloading and recursion

  - by furious.snail

  I was wondering how to overload the == operator for a binary tree to compare if two trees have identical data at same nodes. So far this is what I have: bool TreeType::operator==(const TreeType& otherTree) const { if((root == NULL) && (otherTree.root == NULL)) return true; //two null trees are equal else if((root != NULL) && (otherTree.root != NULL)) { return((root-info == otherTree.root-info) && //this part doesn't actually do anything recursively... //(root-left == otherTree.root-left) && //(root-right == otherTree.root-right)) } else return false; //one tree is null the other is not } I have a similar function that takes two TreeNode pointers as parameters but I've been stuck on how to convert it to this function.

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• Pros and cons of cloud computing?

  - by Vimvq1987

  After 3 months of research, my thesis is nearly complete. Now I'm writing the report. Interesting parts are finished, now the boring and hard-to-write parts. I need to write about pros and cons of cloud computing. What it gives us and what it take us. I've searched much but there's only list, no explains. So I need your helps, to list and explains all of pros and cons of cloud computing. Thank you so much for this.

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• java applet - javascript communication

  - by udhaya

  Applet Communication: write a small applet and embed it in html-file with following functionality. 1. change applet bg color by receiving a javascript command with the color parameter. 2. show dynamic mouse position in applet-window and display position in html-site. use live-connect between applet and browser communication.

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• how to add a function to that program, and call that function from the command line in the function

  - by user336291

  a#include "smallsh.h" /*include file for example*/ /*program buffers and work pointers*/ static char inpbuf[MAXBUF], tokbuf[2*MAXBUF], *ptr = inpbuf, *tok = tokbuf; userin(p) /*print prompt and read a line*/ char *p; { int c, count; /*initialization for later routines*/ ptr = inpbuf; tok = tokbuf; /*display prompt*/ printf("%s ",p); for(count = 0;;) { if((c = getchar()) == EOF) return(EOF); if(count<MAXBUF) inpbuf[count++] = c; if(c == '\n' && count <MAXBUF) { inpbuf[count] = '\0'; return(count); } /*if line too long restart*/ if(c == '\n') { printf("smallsh:input line too long\n"); count = 0; printf("%s",p); } } } gettok(outptr) /*get token and place into tokbuf*/ char **outptr; { int type; *outptr = tok; /*strip white space*/ for(;*ptr == ' ' || *ptr == '\t'; ptr++) ; *tok++ = *ptr; switch(*ptr++) { case '\n': type = EOL; break; case '&': type = AMPERSAND; break; case ';': type = SEMICOLON; break; case '#': type = POUND; break; default: type = ARG; while(inarg(*ptr)) *tok++ = *ptr++; } *tok++ = '\0'; return(type); } static char special[]= {' ', '\t', '&', ':', '\n', '\0'}; inarg(c) /*are we in an ordinary argument*/ char c; { char *wrk; for(wrk = special;*wrk != '\0';wrk++) if(c == *wrk) return(0); return(1); } #include "smallsh.h" procline() /*process input line*/ { char *arg[MAXARG+1]; /*pointer array for runcommand*/ int toktype; /*type of token in command*/ int narg; /*number of arguments so far*/ int type; /*FOREGROUND or BACKGROUND*/ for(narg = 0;;) { /*loop FOREVER*/ /*take action according to token type*/ switch(toktype = gettok(&arg[narg])) { case ARG: if(narg<MAXARG) narg++; break; case EOL: case SEMICOLON: case AMPERSAND: case POUND: type = (toktype == AMPERSAND) ? BACKGROUND : FOREGROUND; if(narg!=0) { arg[narg] = NULL; runcommand(arg, type); } if((toktype == EOL)||(toktype=POUND)) return; narg = 0; break; } } } #include "smallsh.h" /*execute a command with optional wait*/ runcommand(cline,where) char **cline; int where; { int pid, exitstat, ret; if((pid = fork()) <0) { perror("smallsh"); return(-1); } if(pid == 0) { /*child*/ execvp(*cline, cline); perror(*cline); exit(127); } /*code for parent*/ /*if background process print pid and exit*/ if(where == BACKGROUND) { printf("[Process id %d]\n", pid); return(0); } /*wait until process pid exists*/ while( (ret=wait(&exitstat)) != pid && ret != -1) ; return(ret == -1 ? -1 : exitstat); } #include "smallsh.h" char *prompt = "Command>"; /*prompt*/ main() { while(userin(prompt) != EOF) procline(); }

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• this program runs but not correctly numbers arent right, i read numbers from a file and then when i

  - by user320950

  this is what i have to do: write a program that determines the grade dispersal for 100 students You are to read the exam scores into three arrays, one array for each exam. You must then calculate how many students scored A’s (90 or above), B’s (80 or above), C’s (70 or above), D’s (60 or above), and F’s (less than 60). Do this for each exam and write the distribution to the screen. // basic file operations #include <iostream> #include <fstream> using namespace std; int read_file_in_array(double exam[100][3]); double calculate_total(double exam1[], double exam2[], double exam3[]); // function that calcualates grades to see how many 90,80,70,60 //void display_totals(); double exam[100][3]; int main() { double go,go2,go3; double exam[100][3],exam1[100],exam2[100],exam3[100]; go=read_file_in_array(exam); go2=calculate_total(exam1,exam2,exam3); //go3=display_totals(); cout << go,go2,go3; return 0; } /* int display_totals() { int grade_total; grade_total=calculate_total(exam1,exam2,exam3); return 0; } */ double calculate_total(double exam1[],double exam2[],double exam3[]) { int calc_tot,above90=0, above80=0, above70=0, above60=0,i,j, fail=0; double exam[100][3]; calc_tot=read_file_in_array(exam); for(i=0;i<100;i++) { for (j=0; j<3; j++) { exam1[i]=exam[100][0]; exam2[i]=exam[100][1]; exam3[i]=exam[100][2]; if(exam[i][j] <=90 && exam[i][j] >=100) { above90++; { if(exam[i][j] <=80 && exam[i][j] >=89) { above80++; { if(exam[i][j] <=70 && exam[i][j] >=79) { above70++; { if(exam[i][j] <=60 && exam[i][j] >=69) { above60++; { if(exam[i][j] >=59) { fail++; } } } } } } } } } } } return 0; } int read_file_in_array(double exam[100][3]) { ifstream infile; int exam1[100]; int exam2[100]; int exam3[100]; infile.open("grades.txt");// file containing numbers in 3 columns if(infile.fail()) // checks to see if file opended { cout << "error" << endl; } int num, i=0,j=0; while(!infile.eof()) // reads file to end of line { for(i=0;i<100;i++) // array numbers less than 100 { for(j=0;j<3;j++) // while reading get 1st array or element infile >> exam[i][j]; infile >> exam[i][j]; infile >> exam[i][j]; cout << exam[i][j] << endl; { if (! (infile >> exam[i][j]) ) cout << exam[i][j] << endl; } exam[i][j]=exam1[i]; exam[i][j]=exam2[i]; exam[i][j]=exam3[i]; } infile.close(); } return 0; }

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• Format double value in scientific notation

  - by Daniel G. R.

  I have a double number like 223.45654543434 and I need to show it like "0.223x10E-3". How can I do this in Java?

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• Trying to create an infinite for loop that can stop using function doIt()

  - by JoeOzz

  Hey guys, I'm new to javascript and I'm doing a project for my final in class. I need to make it so this game engine I manipulated causes the generation button to go for an infinite loop. I also need to stop it using (Reset==1). Any help? Here's the code I have so far if that helps: function generation() { for(y2=0; y2<2500; y2++) { tempmapactual[y2]=mapactual[y2]; } for (g=0;g<2500;g++) { neighbours=0; for (h=0;h<8;h++) { if (g+coords[h]>0 && g+coords[h]<2499 && mapactual[g+coords[h]]=="white.gif") {neighbours=neighbours+1;} } if (neighbours>=4 || neighbours==1 || neighbours==0) {tempmapactual[g]="black.gif";} if (neighbours==3) {tempmapactual[g]="white.gif";} } for(y3=0; y3<2500; ++y3) { if (mapactual[y3]!=tempmapactual[y3]) { mapactual[y3]=tempmapactual[y3]; document.images[y3+offset].src=mapactual[y3]; } } } </script> <script> function doIt() { for (i=0; i<X; i++) { // This is where I have trouble. What part of generation() do I call? } if (Reset==1) break; // This will kill the loop instantly. } } </script> <script> window.onload(doIt($(X).value))); </script> <form> <input type="button" value="generate" onClick="generation();"> </form> <form> <input type="text"> </form> <form> <input type="button" value="Infinite Loop!" onclick="doIt();"> </form> <form> <input type="button" value="Reset" onclick="doIt();"> </form>

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• Deleting from arraylist and exporting back to .buab file(Java)

  - by Dave

  Ive made an address book. I can currently write to the arraylist and save it back to the .buab file, but I cant delete from the arraylist and export it back to the .buab file? Im pretty much stuck on this. Im able to retrive contacts from the .buab and scroll through them using the JTextFields and buttons ive created. Any help will be dearly appreciated. Ive set up seprate classes for all operations (newcontacts, nextcontact etc). If you need the code posted let me know.. Cheers Dave

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• Overriding or overloading?

  - by atch

  Guys I know this question is silly but just to make sure: Having in my class method: boolean equal(Document d) { //do something } I'm overloading this method nor overriding right? I know that this or similiar question will be on upcoming egzam and would be stupid to not get points for such a simple mistake;

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• Identify the implicit cast and explicit cast

  - by user292489

  Hello there, I would appreciate it if anyone can answer my question. Identify the implicit cast and explicit cast? int a = 2, b = 3; float f = 2.5; double d = -1.2; int int_result; float real_result;

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• help with matlab and Discrete Fourier transform

  - by user504363

  Hi all I have previous experience with Matlab, but the problem that I face some problems in apply a problem in (DSP : Digital signal processing) which is not my study field, but I must finish that problems in days to complete my project. all i want is help me with method and steps of solving this problem in matlab and then I can write the code with myself. the problem is about the signal x(t) = exp(-a*t); 1) what's the Discrete Fourier transform of the sampled signal with sample rate fs 2) if a=1 and fs =1 , plot the amplitude spectrum of sampled signal 3) fix the sampling frequency at fs = 1(hz) [what's it mean ?] and plot the magnitude of the Fourier Transform of the sampled signal at various values of a thanks

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• how to link table to table

  - by Niño Seymour L. Rodriguez

  I am a comsci student and I'm taking up database now. I got a problem in or should I say I dont know how to link table to table. It is not like you'll just use a foreign key and connect it to the primary key. The outcome should be like this: In the table Course there are three fields namely "course_id", "Description" and "subjects". When you click the name field Subject, a table named Subject should appear. Can you help me with this? hope you understnd my grammar, hehe..im not good in english......it will be a big help if you can answer it.........thank you po..............

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• Scaling up an image

  - by codefail

  How do I fulfill the condition "returns the entire scaled up image" If I am coding this correctly, scaleColor handles individual colors, getRed handles the red, etc. I am multiplying this by the input, numTimes, which will create a new image that is scaled up it. This scaled up (increase size) is to be returned. This is what I have. Image Image::scaleUp(int numTimes) const { for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) { pixelData[x][y].scaleColor(pixelData[x][y].scaleRed(pixelData[x][y].getRed()*numTimes)); pixelData[x][y].scaleColor(pixelData[x][y].scaleGreen(pixelData[x][y].getGreen()*numTimes)); pixelData[x][y].scaleColor(pixelData[x][y].scaleBlue(pixelData[x][y].getBlue()*numTimes)); } } //return Image(); }

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• How to convert binary, OCT, HEX to calculate in Java?

  - by user316751

  Write an application that inputs one number consisting of FIVE digits from the user, separates the number into its individual digits and prints the digits separated from one another by three spaces each. For example, if the user types in the number 12345, the program should print 1 2 3 4 5 The following screen dump of result is for your reference. Input a digit: 12345 Digits in 12345 = 1 2 3 4 5 How to convert binary, OCT, HEX to calculate the question?

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• No output got after execution.

  - by wilson88

  I am still stuck with getting output for a copied vector. Probably something am not doing right. I get no output. void Auctioneer::accept_bids(const BidList& bid){ BidList list; BidList list2; BidList::const_iterator iter; copy (list.begin(),list.end(), back_inserter(list2)); for(iter=list2.begin(); iter != list2.end(); iter++) { const Bid& bid = *iter; // Get a reference to the Bid object that the iterator points to cout << "Bid id : " << bid.bidId << endl; cout << "Trd id : " << bid.trdId << endl; cout << "Quantity: " << bid.qty << endl; cout << "Price : " << bid.price << endl; cout << "Type : " << bid.type << endl; } }

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• Optimizing comparison instruction count (PDP-11)

  - by lego69

  For PDP-11, how can I change the following snippet of assembly so that it's only two instructions, yet does the same work as these four? tst r0 blt label cmp r0, #75 bgt label

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• C# using the "this" keyword in this situation?

  - by Alex

  Hi, I've completed a OOP course assignment where I design and code a Complex Number class. For extra credit, I can do the following: Add two complex numbers. The function will take one complex number object as a parameter and return a complex number object. When adding two complex numbers, the real part of the calling object is added to the real part of the complex number object passed as a parameter, and the imaginary part of the calling object is added to the imaginary part of the complex number object passed as a parameter. Subtract two complex numbers. The function will take one complex number object as a parameter and return a complex number object. When subtracting two complex numbers, the real part of the complex number object passed as a parameter is subtracted from the real part of the calling object, and the imaginary part of the complex number object passed as a parameter is subtracted from the imaginary part of the calling object. I have coded this up, and I used the this keyword to denote the current instance of the class, the code for my add method is below, and my subtract method looks similar: public ComplexNumber Add(ComplexNumber c) { double realPartAdder = c.GetRealPart(); double complexPartAdder = c.GetComplexPart(); double realPartCaller = this.GetRealPart(); double complexPartCaller = this.GetComplexPart(); double finalRealPart = realPartCaller + realPartAdder; double finalComplexPart = complexPartCaller + complexPartAdder; ComplexNumber summedComplex = new ComplexNumber(finalRealPart, finalComplexPart); return summedComplex; } My question is: Did I do this correctly and with good style? (using the this keyword)?

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• How to reverse a string?

  - by WM

  Example : hi how are you; output : you are how hi; but wrote this code and im stuck not knowing how to put a string into an array and reverse it..? public class Reverse { public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner text = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("Enter your Text : "); String input = text.nextLine(); Scanner text2 = new Scanner(text.nextLine()); String[] array = new String[] ; int i; for(i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) { array[i] = input;

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• File processing-Haskell

  - by Martinas Maria

  How can I implement in haskell the following: I receive an input file from the command line. This input file contains words separated with tabs,new lines and spaces.I have two replace this elements(tabs,new lines and spaces) with comma(,) .Observation:more newlines,tabs,spaces will be replaced with a single comma.The result has to be write in a new file(output.txt). Please help me with this.My haskell skills are very scarse. This is what I have so far: processFile::String->String processFile [] =[] processFile input =input process :: String -> IO String process fileName = do text <- readFile fileName return (processFile text) main :: IO () main = do n <- process "input.txt" print n In processFile function I should process the text from the input file. I'm stuck..Please help.

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• Comparing lists in Standard ML

  - by user1050640

  I am extremely new to SML and we just got out first programming assignment for class and I need a little insight. The question is: write an ML function, called minus: int list * int list -> int list, that takes two non-decreasing integer lists and produces a non-decreasing integer list obtained by removing the elements from the first input list which are also found in the second input list. For example, minus( [1,1,1,2,2], [1,1,2,3] ) = [1,2] minus( [1,1,2,3],[1,1,1,2,2] ) = [3] Here is my attempt at answering the question. Can anyone tell me what I am doing incorrectly? I don't quite understand parsing lists. fun minus(xs,nil) = [] | minus(nil,ys) = [] | minus(x::xs,y::ys) = if x=y then minus(xs,ys) else x :: minus(x,ys); Here is a fix I just did, I think this is right now? fun minus(L1,nil) = L1 | minus(nil,L2) = [] | minus(L1,L2) = if hd(L1) > hd(L2) then minus(L1,tl(L2)) else if hd(L1) = hd(L2) then minus(tl(L1),tl(L2)) else hd(L1) :: minus(tl(L1), L2);

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• C/C++: feedback in analyzing a code example

  - by KaiserJohaan

  Hello, I have a piece of code from an assignment I am uncertain about. I feel confident that I know the answer, but I just want to double-check with the community incase there's something I forgot. The title is basically secure coding and the question is just to explain the results. int main() { unsigned int i = 1; unsigned int c = 1; while (i > 0) { i = i*2; c++; } printf("%d\n", c); return 0; } My reasoning is this: At first glance you could imagine the code would run forever, considering it's initialized to a positive value and ever increasing. This of course is wrong because eventually the value will grow so large it will cause an integer overflow. This in turn is not entirely true either, because eventally it will force the variable 'i' to be signed by making the last bit to 1 and therefore regarded as a negative number, therefore terminating the loop. So it is not writing to unallocated memory and therefore cause integer overflow, but rather violating the data type and therefore causing the loop to terminate. I am quite sure this is the reason, but I just want to double check. Any opinions?

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