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• SRV from UAV on the same texture in directx

  - by notabene

  I'm programming gpgpu raymarching (volumetric raytracing) in directx11. I succesfully perform compute shader and save raymarched volume data to texture. Then i want to use same texture as SRV in normal graphic pipeline. But it doesnt work, texture is not visible. Texture is ok, when i save it file it is what i expect. Texture rendering is ok too, when i render another SRV, it is ok. So problem is only in UAV-SRV. I also triple checked if pointers are ok. Please help, i'm getting mad about this. Here is some code: //before dispatch D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC textureDesc; ZeroMemory( &textureDesc, sizeof( textureDesc ) ); textureDesc.Width = xr; textureDesc.Height = yr; textureDesc.MipLevels = 1; textureDesc.ArraySize = 1; textureDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1; textureDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0; textureDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; textureDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_UNORDERED_ACCESS | D3D11_BIND_SHADER_RESOURCE ; textureDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT; D3D->CreateTexture2D( &textureDesc, NULL, &pTexture ); D3D11_UNORDERED_ACCESS_VIEW_DESC viewDescUAV; ZeroMemory( &viewDescUAV, sizeof( viewDescUAV ) ); viewDescUAV.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT; viewDescUAV.ViewDimension = D3D11_UAV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D; viewDescUAV.Texture2D.MipSlice = 0; D3DD->CreateUnorderedAccessView( pTexture, &viewDescUAV, &pTextureUAV ); //the getSRV function after dispatch. D3D11_SHADER_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC srvDesc ; ZeroMemory( &srvDesc, sizeof( srvDesc ) ); srvDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT; srvDesc.ViewDimension = D3D11_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D; srvDesc.Texture2D.MipLevels = 1; D3DD->CreateShaderResourceView( pTexture, &srvDesc, &pTextureSRV);

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• Calculating vertex normals on the GPU

  - by Etan

  I have some height-map sampled on a regular grid stored in an array. Now, I want to use the normals on the sampled vertices for some smoothing algorithm. The way I'm currently doing it is as follows: For each vertex, generate triangles to all it's neighbours. This results in eight neighbours when using the 1-neighbourhood for all vertices except at the borders. +---+---+ ¦ \ ¦ / ¦ +---o---+ ¦ / ¦ \ ¦ +---+---+ For each adjacent triangle, calculate it's normal by taking the cross product between the two distances. As the triangles all have the same size when projected on the xy-plane, I simply average over all eight normals then and store it for this vertex. However, as my data grows larger, this approach takes too much time and I would prefer doing it on the GPU in a shader code. Is there an easy method, maybe if I could store my height-map as a texture?

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• Reuse a facelet in multiple beans

  - by Seitaridis

  How do I invoke/access a property of a managed bean when the bean name is known, but is not yet constructed? For example: <p:selectOneMenu value="#{eval.evaluateAsBean(bean).text}" > <f:selectItems value="#{eval.evaluateAsBean(bean).values}" var="val" itemLabel="#{val}" itemValue="#{val}" /> </p:selectOneMenu> If there is a managed bean called testBean and in my view bean has the "testBean"value, I want the text or values property of testBean to be called. EDIT1 The context An object consists of a list of properties(values). One property is modified with a custom JSF editor, depending on its type. The list of editors is determined from the object's type, and displayed in a form using custom:include tags. This custom tag is used to dynamically include the editors <custom:include src="#{editor.component}">. The component property points to the location of the JSF editor. In my example some editors(rendered as select boxes) will use the same facelet(dynamicDropdown.xhtml). Every editor has a session scoped managed bean. I want to reuse the same facelet with multiple beans and to pass the name of the bean to dynamicDropdown.xhtml using the bean param. genericAccount.xhtml <p:dataTable value="#{group.editors}" var="editor"> <p:column headerText="Key"> <h:outputText value="#{editor.name}" /> </p:column> <p:column headerText="Value"> <h:panelGroup rendered="#{not editor.href}"> <h:outputText value="#{editor.component}" escape="false" /> </h:panelGroup> <h:panelGroup rendered="#{editor.href}"> <custom:include src="#{editor.component}"> <ui:param name="enabled" value="#{editor.enabled}"/> <ui:param name="bean" value="#{editor.bean}"/> <custom:include> </h:panelGroup> </p:column> </p:dataTable> #{editor.component} refers to a dynamicDropdown.xhtml file. dynamicDropdown.xhtml <ui:composition xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:ui="http://java.sun.com/jsf/facelets" xmlns:h="http://java.sun.com/jsf/html" xmlns:f="http://java.sun.com/jsf/core" xmlns:p="http://primefaces.prime.com.tr/ui"> <p:selectOneMenu value="#{eval.evaluateAsBean(bean).text}" > <f:selectItems value="#{eval.evaluateAsBean(bean).values}" var="val" itemLabel="#{val}" itemValue="#{val}" /> </p:selectOneMenu> </ui:composition> eval is a managed bean: @ManagedBean(name = "eval") @ApplicationScoped public class ELEvaluator { ... public Object evaluateAsBean(String el) { FacesContext context = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance(); Object bean = context.getELContext() .getELResolver().getValue(context.getELContext(), null, el); return bean; } ... }

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• 2D Animation Smoothness - Delta time vs. Kinematics

  - by viperld002

  I'm animating a sprite in 2D with key frames of rotation and xy-positions. I've recently had a discussion with someone saying that when the device (happens to be an iPad using cocos2D) hits a performance bump due to whatever else the user may be doing, lag will arise and that the best way to fight it is to not use actual positions, but velocities, accelerations and torques with kinematics. His message is to evaluate the positions and rotations from these speeds at the current point in time. I've never experienced a situation where I've heard of using kinematics to stem lag in 2D animations and am not sure of how effective it could be. Also, it seems to be overkill. The application is not networked so it's all running on a local device. The desired effect is that the animation always plays as closely as it can to the target frame rate. Wouldn't the technique suffer the same problems as just using the time since the last frame or a fixed time step since the kinematics would also require some time value to perform the calculation? What techniques could you suggest to best achieve the desired effect? EDIT 1 Thank you for your responses, they are very illuminating. I want to clarify my question before choosing an answer however, to make sure that this post really serves it's purpose. I have a sprite of a ball, and a text file with 3 arrays worth of information (rotation,translations x, translations y) with each unit of information existing as a key frame to be stepped through (0 to 49 and back to 0 to replay it again). I have this playing by interpolating from the current key frame to the next, every n-units of time. The animation is visibly correct when compared to a video I was given of it, and it is smooth because of the interpolations between the key frames. This is the existing state of the project. There are no physics simulated, only a static animation of a ball moving in a way an artist specifically designed. Should I, instead of rotation in degrees and translations by positions in space, derive velocities, accelerations and torques to express this static animation as a function of time? As in, position now = foo(time now), where foo uses kinematics.

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• Trouble with AABB collision response and physics

  - by WCM

  I have been racking my brain trying to figure out a problem I am having with physics and basic AABB collision response. I am fairly close as the physics are mostly right. Gravity feels good and movement is solid. The issue I am running into is that when I land on the test block in my project, I can jump off of it most of the time. If I repeatedly jump in place, I will eventually get stuck one or two pixels below the surface of the test block. If I try to jump, I can become free of the other block, but it will happen again a few jumps later. I feel like I am missing something really obvious with this. I have two functions that support the detection and function to return a vector for the overlap of the two rectangle bounding boxes. I have a single update method that is processing the physics and collision for the entity. I feel like I am missing something very simple, like an ordering of the physics vs. collision response handling. Any thoughts or help can be appreciated. I apologize for the format of the code, tis prototype code mostly. The collision detection function: public static bool Collides(Rectangle source, Rectangle target) { if (source.Right < target.Left || source.Bottom < target.Top || source.Left > target.Right || source.Top > target.Bottom) { return false; } return true; } The overlap function: public static Vector2 GetMinimumTranslation(Rectangle source, Rectangle target) { Vector2 mtd = new Vector2(); Vector2 amin = source.Min(); Vector2 amax = source.Max(); Vector2 bmin = target.Min(); Vector2 bmax = target.Max(); float left = (bmin.X - amax.X); float right = (bmax.X - amin.X); float top = (bmin.Y - amax.Y); float bottom = (bmax.Y - amin.Y); if (left > 0 || right < 0) return Vector2.Zero; if (top > 0 || bottom < 0) return Vector2.Zero; if (Math.Abs(left) < right) mtd.X = left; else mtd.X = right; if (Math.Abs(top) < bottom) mtd.Y = top; else mtd.Y = bottom; // 0 the axis with the largest mtd value. if (Math.Abs(mtd.X) < Math.Abs(mtd.Y)) mtd.Y = 0; else mtd.X = 0; return mtd; } The update routine (gravity = 0.001f, jumpHeight = 0.35f, moveAmount = 0.15f): public void Update(GameTime gameTime) { Acceleration.Y = gravity; Position += new Vector2((float)(movement * moveAmount * gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalMilliseconds), (float)(Velocity.Y * gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalMilliseconds)); Velocity.Y += Acceleration.Y; Vector2 previousPosition = new Vector2((int)Position.X, (int)Position.Y); KeyboardState keyboard = Keyboard.GetState(); movement = 0; if (keyboard.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { movement -= 1; } if (keyboard.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { movement += 1; } if (Position.Y + 16 > GameClass.Instance.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height) { Velocity.Y = 0; Position = new Vector2(Position.X, GameClass.Instance.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height - 16); IsOnSurface = true; } if (Collision.Collides(BoundingBox, GameClass.Instance.block.BoundingBox)) { Vector2 mtd = Collision.GetMinimumTranslation(BoundingBox, GameClass.Instance.block.BoundingBox); Position += mtd; Velocity.Y = 0; IsOnSurface = true; } if (keyboard.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space) && !previousKeyboard.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space)) { if (IsOnSurface) { Velocity.Y = -jumpHeight; IsOnSurface = false; } } previousKeyboard = keyboard; } This is also a full download to the project. https://www.box.com/s/3rkdtbso3xgfgc2asawy P.S. I know that I could do this with the XNA Platformer Starter Kit algo, but it has some deep flaws that I am going to try to live without. I'd rather go the route of collision response via an overlay function. Thanks for any and all insight!

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• cocos2d event handler not fired when reentering scene

  - by Adam Freund

  I am encountering a very strange problem with my cocos2d app. I add a sprite to the page and have an event handler linked to it which replaces the scene with another scene. On that page I have another button to take me back to the original scene. When I am back on the original scene, the eventHandler doesn't get fired when I click on the sprite. Below is the relevant code. Thanks for any help! CCMenuItemImage *backBtnImg = [CCMenuItemImage itemWithNormalImage:@"btn_back.png" selectedImage:@"btn_back_pressed.png" target:self selector:@selector(backButtonTapped:)]; backBtnImg.position = ccp(45, 286); CCMenu *backBtn = [CCMenu menuWithItems:backBtnImg, nil]; backBtn.position = CGPointZero; [self addChild:backBtn]; EventHandler method (doesn't get called when the scene is re-entered). (void)backButtonTapped:(id)sender { NSLog(@"backButtonTapped\n"); CCMenuItemImage *backButton = (CCMenuItemImage *)sender; [backButton setNormalImage:[CCSprite spriteWithFile:@"btn_back_pressed.png"]]; [[CCDirector sharedDirector] replaceScene:[CCTransitionFade transitionWithDuration:.25 scene:[MenuView scene] withColor:ccBLACK]]; }

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• Unable to Call Instantiate in Class Member Function

  - by onguarde

  The following javascript is attached to a gameObject. var instance : GameObject; class eg_class { function eg_func(){ var thePrefab : GameObject; instance = Instantiate(thePrefab); } } Error, Unknown identifier: 'instance'. Unknown identifier: 'Instantiate'. Questions, 1) Why is it that "instance" cannot be accessed within a class? Isn't it supposed to be a public variable? 2) "Instantiate" function works in Start()/Update() root functions. Is there a way to make it work from within member functions? Thanks in advance!

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• DevExpress Wins #1 Publisher Award

  Thanks to loyal and awesome customers like you, DevExpress recently won several bestseller awards from Component Source. This morning at TechEd 2010, Chris Brooke from Component Source dropped by to present the top #1 Publisher award: Thanks for your support! DXperience? What's That? DXperience is the .NET developer's secret weapon. Get full access to a complete suite of professional components that let you instantly drop in new features, designer styles and fast performance for...Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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• Java Slick2d - Mouse picking how to take into account camera

  - by Corey

  When I move it it obviously changes the viewport so my mouse picking is off. My camera is just a float x and y and I use g.translate(-cam.cameraX+400, -cam.cameraY+300); to translate the graphics. I have the numbers hard coded just for testing purposes. How would I take into account the camera so my mouse picking works correctly. double mousetileX = Math.floor((double)mouseX/tiles.tileWidth); double mousetileY = Math.floor((double)mouseY/tiles.tileHeight); double playertileX = Math.floor(playerX/tiles.tileWidth); double playertileY = Math.floor(playerY/tiles.tileHeight); double lengthX = Math.abs((float)playertileX - mousetileX); double lengthY = Math.abs((float)playertileY - mousetileY); double distance = Math.sqrt((lengthX*lengthX)+(lengthY*lengthY)); if(input.isMousePressed(Input.MOUSE_LEFT_BUTTON) && distance < 4) { if(tiles.map[(int)mousetileX][(int)mousetileY] == 1) { tiles.map[(int)mousetileX][(int)mousetileY] = 0; } } That is my mouse picking code

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• How to properly do weapon cool-down reload timer in multi-player laggy environment?

  - by John Murdoch

  I want to handle weapon cool-down timers in a fair and predictable way on both client on server. Situation: Multiple clients connected to server, which is doing hit detection / physics Clients have different latency for their connections to server ranging from 50ms to 500ms. They want to shoot weapons with fairly long reload/cool-down times (assume exactly 10 seconds) It is important that they get to shoot these weapons close to the cool-down time, as if some clients manage to shoot sooner than others (either because they are "early" or the others are "late") they gain a significant advantage. I need to show time remaining for reload on player's screen Clients can have clocks which are flat-out wrong (bad timezones, etc.) What I'm currently doing to deal with latency: Client collects server side state in a history, tagged with server timestamps Client assesses his time difference with server time: behindServerTimeNs = (behindServerTimeNs + (System.nanoTime() - receivedState.getServerTimeNs())) / 2 Client renders all state received from server 200 ms behind from his current time, adjusted by what he believes his time difference with server time is (whether due to wrong clocks, or lag). If he has server states on both sides of that calculated time, he (mostly LERP) interpolates between them, if not then he (LERP) extrapolates. No other client-side prediction of movement, e.g., to make his vehicle seem more responsive is done so far, but maybe will be added later So how do I properly add weapon reload timers? My first idea would be for the server to send each player the time when his reload will be done with each world state update, the client then adjusts it for the clock difference and thus can estimate when the reload will be finished in client-time (perhaps considering also for latency that the shoot message from client to server will take as well?), and if the user mashes the "shoot" button after (or perhaps even slightly before?) that time, send the shoot event. The server would get the shoot event and consider the time shot was made as the server time when it was received. It would then discard it if it is nowhere near reload time, execute it immediately if it is past reload time, and hold it for a few physics cycles until reload is done in case if it was received a bit early. It does all seem a bit convoluted, and I'm wondering whether it will work (e.g., whether it won't be the case that players with lower ping get better reload rates), and whether there are more elegant solutions to this problem.

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• Projective texture and deferred lighting

  - by Vodácek

  In my previous question, I asked whether it is possible to do projective texturing with deferred lighting. Now (more than half a year later) I have a problem with my implementation of the same thing. I am trying to apply this technique in light pass. (my projector doesn't affect albedo). I have this projector View a Projection matrix: Matrix projection = Matrix.CreateOrthographicOffCenter(-halfWidth * Scale, halfWidth * Scale, -halfHeight * Scale, halfHeight * Scale, 1, 100000); Matrix view = Matrix.CreateLookAt(Position, Target, Vector3.Up); Where halfWidth and halfHeight is are half of the texture's width and height, Position is the Projector's position and target is the projector's target. This seems to be ok. I am drawing full screen quad with this shader: float4x4 InvViewProjection; texture2D DepthTexture; texture2D NormalTexture; texture2D ProjectorTexture; float4x4 ProjectorViewProjection; sampler2D depthSampler = sampler_state { texture = <DepthTexture>; minfilter = point; magfilter = point; mipfilter = point; }; sampler2D normalSampler = sampler_state { texture = <NormalTexture>; minfilter = point; magfilter = point; mipfilter = point; }; sampler2D projectorSampler = sampler_state { texture = <ProjectorTexture>; AddressU = Clamp; AddressV = Clamp; }; float viewportWidth; float viewportHeight; // Calculate the 2D screen position of a 3D position float2 postProjToScreen(float4 position) { float2 screenPos = position.xy / position.w; return 0.5f * (float2(screenPos.x, -screenPos.y) + 1); } // Calculate the size of one half of a pixel, to convert // between texels and pixels float2 halfPixel() { return 0.5f / float2(viewportWidth, viewportHeight); } struct VertexShaderInput { float4 Position : POSITION0; }; struct VertexShaderOutput { float4 Position :POSITION0; float4 PositionCopy : TEXCOORD1; }; VertexShaderOutput VertexShaderFunction(VertexShaderInput input) { VertexShaderOutput output; output.Position = input.Position; output.PositionCopy=output.Position; return output; } float4 PixelShaderFunction(VertexShaderOutput input) : COLOR0 { float2 texCoord =postProjToScreen(input.PositionCopy) + halfPixel(); // Extract the depth for this pixel from the depth map float4 depth = tex2D(depthSampler, texCoord); //return float4(depth.r,0,0,1); // Recreate the position with the UV coordinates and depth value float4 position; position.x = texCoord.x * 2 - 1; position.y = (1 - texCoord.y) * 2 - 1; position.z = depth.r; position.w = 1.0f; // Transform position from screen space to world space position = mul(position, InvViewProjection); position.xyz /= position.w; //compute projection float3 projection=tex2D(projectorSampler,postProjToScreen(mul(position,ProjectorViewProjection)) + halfPixel()); return float4(projection,1); } In first part of pixel shader is recovered position from G-buffer (this code I am using in other shaders without any problem) and then is tranformed to projector viewprojection space. Problem is that projection doesn't appear. Here is an image of my situation: The green lines are the rendered projector frustum. Where is my mistake hidden? I am using XNA 4. Thanks for advice and sorry for my English. EDIT: Shader above is working but projection was too small. When I changed the Scale property to a large value (e.g. 100), the projection appears. But when the camera moves toward the projection, the projection expands, as can bee seen on this YouTube video.

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• std::vector::size with glDrawElements crashes?

  - by NoobScratcher

  ( win32 / OpenGL 3.3 / GLSL 330 ) I decided after a long time of trying to do a graphical user interface using just opengl graphics to go back to a gui toolkit and so in the process have had to port alot of my code to win32. But I have a problem with my glDrawElement function. my program compiles and runs fine until it gets to glDrawElements then crashes.. which is rather annoying right. so I was trying to figure out why and I found out its std::vector::size member not returning the correct amount of faces in the unsigned interger vector eg, "vector<unsigned int>faces; " so when I use cout << faces.size() << endl; I got 68 elements???? instead of 24 as you can see here in this .obj file: # Blender v2.61 (sub 0) OBJ File: '' # www.blender.org v 1.000000 -1.000000 -1.000000 v 1.000000 -1.000000 1.000000 v -1.000000 -1.000000 1.000000 v -1.000000 -1.000000 -1.000000 v 1.000000 1.000000 -0.999999 v 0.999999 1.000000 1.000001 v -1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 v -1.000000 1.000000 -1.000000 s off f 1 2 3 4 f 5 8 7 6 f 1 5 6 2 f 2 6 7 3 <--- 24 Faces not 68? f 3 7 8 4 f 5 1 4 8 I'm using a parser I created to get the faces/vertexes in my .obj file: char modelbuffer [20000]; int MAX_BUFF = 20000; unsigned int face[3]; FILE * pfile; pfile = fopen(szFileName, "rw"); while(fgets(modelbuffer, MAX_BUFF, pfile) != NULL) { if('v') { Point p; sscanf(modelbuffer, "v %f %f %f", &p.x, &p.y, &p.z); points.push_back(p); cout << " p.x = " << p.x << " p.y = " << p.y << " p.z = " << p.x << endl; } if('f') { sscanf(modelbuffer, "f %d %d %d %d", &face[0], &face[1], &face[2], &face[3]); cout << "face[0] = " << face[0] << " face[1] = " << face[1] << " face[2] = " << face[2] << " face[3] = " << face[3] << "\n"; faces.push_back(face[0] - 1); faces.push_back(face[1] - 1); faces.push_back(face[2] - 1); faces.push_back(face[3] - 1); cout << face[0] - 1 << face[1] - 1 << face[2] - 1 << face[3] - 1 << endl; } } using this struct to store the x,y,z positions also this vector was used with Point: vector<Point>points; struct Point { float x, y, z; }; If someone could tell me why its not working and how to fix it that would be awesome I also provide a pastebin to the full source code if you want a closer look. http://pastebin.com/gznYLVw7

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• Using a permutation table for simplex noise without storing it

  - by J. C. Leitão

  Generating Simplex noise requires a permutation table for randomisation (e.g. see this question or this example). In some applications, we need to persist the state of the permutation table. This can be done by creating the table, e.g. using def permutation_table(seed): table_size = 2**10 # arbitrary for this question l = range(1, table_size + 1) random.seed(seed) # ensures the same shuffle for a given seed random.shuffle(l) return l + l # see shared link why l + l; is a detail and storing it. Can we avoid storing the full table by generating the required elements every time they are required? Specifically, currently I store the table and call it using table[i] (table is a list). Can I avoid storing it by having a function that computes the element i, e.g. get_table_element(seed, i). I'm aware that cryptography already solved this problem using block cyphers, however, I found it too complex to go deep and implement a block cypher. Does anyone knows a simple implementation of a block cypher to this problem?

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• Balancing Player vs. Monsters: Level-Up Curves

  - by ashes999

  I've written a fair number of games that have RPG-like "levelling up," where the player gains experience for killing monsters/enemies, and eventually, reaches a new level, where their stats increase. How do you find a balance between player growth, monster strength, and difficulty? The extreme ends of this spectrum are: Player levels up really fast and blows away monsters without much effort Monsters are incredibly strong and even at low levels, are very difficult to beat I've also tried a strange situation of making enemies relative to players, i.e. an enemy will always be at 50% or 100% or 150% of player stats (thus requiring the player to use other techniques instead of brute strength to succeeed). But where's the balance, and how do you find it? Edit: For example, I am expecting to hear things like: Balance high instead of balance low (200 HP and 20 str is easier to balance than 20 HP and 2 str) Look at easiest vs. hardest monsters, and see what you have in terms of a range

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• Why does my program stutter so much?

  - by user36322

  I've been very frustrated trying to solve this. I've looked it up, and all the answers are the same: set IsFixedTimeStep = false. This doesn't help me at all, the program is still jittery and stutters. I have absolutely no idea what is going on, can you guys help? Code for movement (objects is a list): speed = Math.Min(speed + (speedIncrement * gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Milliseconds / 200), maxSpeed); for (int i = objects.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--) { objects[i].rect.Y += (int)(speed * gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Milliseconds); //Check if the object is past the screen. If it is, remove it if (objects[i].rect.Y > screenHeight) { objects.Remove(objects[i]); } }

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• [JOGL] my program is too slow, ho can i profile with Eclipse?

  - by nkint

  hi juys my simple opengl program is really toooo slow and not fluid i'm rendering 30 sphere with simple illumination and simple material. the only hard(?) computing stuffs i do is a collision detection between ray-mouse and spheres (that works ok and i do it only in mouseMoved) i have no thread only animator to move spheres how can i profile my jogl project? or mayebe (most probable..) i have some opengl instruction that i don't understand and make render particular accurate (or back face rendering that i don't need or whatever i don't know exctly i'm just entered in opengl world)

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• Tips and Tools for creating Spritesheet animations

  - by Spooks

  I am looking for a tool that I can use to create sprite sheet easily. Right now I am using Illustrator, but I can never get the center of the character in the exact position, so it looks like it is moving around(even though its always in one place), while being loop through the sprite sheet. Is there any better tools that I can be using? Also what kind of tips would you give for working with a sprite sheet? Should I create each part of the character in individual layers (left arm, right arm, body, etc.) or everything at once? any other tips would also be helpful! thank you

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• Getting isometric grid coordinates from standard X,Y coordinates

  - by RoryHarvey

  I'm currently trying to add sprites to an isometric Tiled TMX map using Objects in cocos2d. The problem is the X and Y metadata from TMX object are in standard 2d format (pixels x, pixels y), instead of isometric grid X and Y format. Usually you would just divide them by the tile size, but isometric needs some sort of transform. For example on a 64x32 isometric tilemap of size 40 tiles by 40 tiles an object at (20,21)'s coordinates come out as (640,584) So the question really is what formula gets (20,21) from (640,584)?

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• Generating triangles from a square grid

  - by vivi

  I have a 2D square grid of values representing terrain elevations, and I want to generate triangles from that grid to make a 3D view of the terrain. My first thought was to split each square diagonally into 2 triangles, however the split diagonal can clearly be seen, especially from the top : [Sorry, as a new user I can't post images, please see here : imgur] Is there a recommended way to generate triangles to remove/reduce this effect ?

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• When I shoot from a gun while walking, the bullet is off the center, but when stand still it's fine

  - by Vlad1k

  I am making a small project in Unity, and whenever I walk with the gun and shoot at the same time, the bullets seem to curve and shoot off 2-3 CMs from the center. When I stand still this doesn't happen. This is my main Javascript code: @script RequireComponent(AudioSource) var projectile : Rigidbody; var speed = 500; var ammo = 30; var fireRate = 0.1; private var nextFire = 0.0; function Update() { if(Input.GetButton ("Fire1") && Time.time > nextFire) { if(ammo != 0) { nextFire = Time.time + fireRate; var clone = Instantiate(projectile, transform.position, transform.root.rotation); clone.velocity = transform.TransformDirection(Vector3 (0, 0, speed)); ammo = ammo - 1; audio.Play(); } else { } } } I assume that these two lines need to be tweaked: var clone = Instantiate(projectile, transform.position, transform.root.rotation); clone.velocity = transform.TransformDirection(Vector3 (0, 0, speed)); Thanks in advanced, and please remember that I just started Unity, and I might have a difficult time understanding some things. Thanks!

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• What data should be cached in a multiplayer server, relative to AI and players?

  - by DevilWithin

  In a virtual place, fully network driven, with an arbitrary number of players and an arbitrary number of enemies, what data should be cached in the server memory, in order to optimize smooth AI simulation? Trying to explain, lets say player A sees player B to E, and enemy A to G. Each of those players, see player A, but not necessarily each other. Same applies to enemies. Think of this question from a topdown perspective please. In many cases, for example, when a player shoots his gun, the server handles the sound as a radial "signal" that every other entity within reach "hear" and react upon. Doing these searches all the time for a whole area, containing possibly a lot of unrelated players and enemies, seems to be an issue, when the budget for each AI agent is so small. Should every entity cache whatever enters and exits from its radius of awareness? Is there a great way to trace the entities close by without flooding the memory with such caches? What about other AI related problems that may arise, after assuming the previous one works well? We're talking about environments with possibly hundreds of enemies, a swarm.

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• Omni-directional light shadow mapping with cubemaps in WebGL

  - by Winged

  First of all I must say, that I have read a lot of posts describing an usage of cubemaps, but I'm still confused about how to use them. My goal is to achieve a simple omni-directional (point) light type shading in my WebGL application. I know that there is a lot more techniques (like using Two-Hemispheres or Camera Space Shadow Mapping) which are way more efficient, but for an educational purpose cubemaps are my primary goal. Till now, I have adapted a simple shadow mapping which works with spotlights (with one exception: I don't know how to cut off the glitchy part beyond the reach of a single shadow map texture): glitchy shadow mapping<<< So for now, this is how I understand the usage of cubemaps in shadow mapping: Setup a framebuffer (in case of cubemaps - 6 framebuffers; 6 instead of 1 because every usage of framebufferTexture2D slows down an execution which is nicely described here <<<) and a texture cubemap. Also in WebGL depth components are not well supported, so I need to render it to RGBA first. this.texture = gl.createTexture(); gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, this.texture); gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.LINEAR); gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.LINEAR); for (var face = 0; face < 6; face++) gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + face, 0, gl.RGBA, this.size, this.size, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, null); gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, null); this.framebuffer = []; for (face = 0; face < 6; face++) { this.framebuffer[face] = gl.createFramebuffer(); gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, this.framebuffer[face]); gl.framebufferTexture2D(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + face, this.texture, 0); gl.framebufferRenderbuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, gl.DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, gl.RENDERBUFFER, this.depthbuffer); var e = gl.checkFramebufferStatus(gl.FRAMEBUFFER); // Check for errors if (e !== gl.FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE) throw "Cubemap framebuffer object is incomplete: " + e.toString(); } Setup the light and the camera (I'm not sure if should I store all of 6 view matrices and send them to shaders later, or is there a way to do it with just one view matrix). Render the scene 6 times from the light's position, each time in another direction (X, -X, Y, -Y, Z, -Z) for (var face = 0; face < 6; face++) { gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, shadow.buffer.framebuffer[face]); gl.viewport(0, 0, shadow.buffer.size, shadow.buffer.size); gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); camera.lookAt( light.position.add( cubeMapDirections[face] ) ); scene.draw(shadow.program); } In a second pass, calculate the projection a a current vertex using light's projection and view matrix. Now I don't know If should I calculate 6 of them, because of 6 faces of a cubemap. ScaleMatrix pushes the projected vertex into the 0.0 - 1.0 region. vDepthPosition = ScaleMatrix * uPMatrixFromLight * uVMatrixFromLight * vWorldVertex; In a fragment shader calculate the distance between the current vertex and the light position and check if it's deeper then the depth information read from earlier rendered shadow map. I know how to do it with a 2D Texture, but I have no idea how should I use cubemap texture here. I have read that texture lookups into cubemaps are performed by a normal vector instead of a UV coordinate. What vector should I use? Just a normalized vector pointing to the current vertex? For now, my code for this part looks like this (not working yet): float shadow = 1.0; vec3 depth = vDepthPosition.xyz / vDepthPosition.w; depth.z = length(vWorldVertex.xyz - uLightPosition) * linearDepthConstant; float shadowDepth = unpack(textureCube(uDepthMapSampler, vWorldVertex.xyz)); if (depth.z > shadowDepth) shadow = 0.5; Could you give me some hints or examples (preferably in WebGL code) how I should build it?

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• How to create a copy of an instance without having access to private variables

  - by Jamie

  Im having a bit of a problem. Let me show you the code first: public class Direction { private CircularList xSpeed, zSpeed; private int[] dirSquare = {-1, 0, 1, 0}; public Direction(int xSpeed, int zSpeed){ this.xSpeed = new CircularList(dirSquare, xSpeed); this.zSpeed = new CircularList(dirSquare, zSpeed); } public Direction(Point dirs){ this(dirs.x, dirs.y); } public void shiftLeft(){ xSpeed.shiftLeft(); zSpeed.shiftRight(); } public void shiftRight(){ xSpeed.shiftRight(); zSpeed.shiftLeft(); } public int getXSpeed(){ return this.xSpeed.currentValue(); } public int getZSpeed(){ return this.zSpeed.currentValue(); } } Now lets say i have an instance of Direction: Direction dir = new Direction(0, 0); As you can see in the code of Direction, the arguments fed to the constructor, are passed directly to some other class. One cannot be sure if they stay the same because methods shiftRight() and shiftLeft could have been called, which changes thos numbers. My question is, how do i create a completely new instance of Direction, that is basically copy(not by reference) of dir? The only way i see it, is to create public methods in both CircularList(i can post the code of this class, but its not relevant) and Direction that return the variables needed to create a copy of the instance, but this solution seems really dirty since those numbers are not supposed to be touched after beeing fed to the constructor, and therefore they are private.

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• Isometric layer moving inside map

  - by gronzzz

  i'm created isometric map and now trying to limit layer moving. Main idea, that i have left bottom, right bottom, left top, right top points, that camera can not move outside, so player will not see map out of bounds. But i can not understand algorithm of how to do that. It's my layer scale/moving code. - (void)touchBegan:(UITouch *)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { _isTouchBegin = YES; } - (void)touchMoved:(UITouch *)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { NSArray *allTouches = [[event allTouches] allObjects]; UITouch *touchOne = [allTouches objectAtIndex:0]; CGPoint touchLocationOne = [touchOne locationInView: [touchOne view]]; CGPoint previousLocationOne = [touchOne previousLocationInView: [touchOne view]]; // Scaling if ([allTouches count] == 2) { _isDragging = NO; UITouch *touchTwo = [allTouches objectAtIndex:1]; CGPoint touchLocationTwo = [touchTwo locationInView: [touchTwo view]]; CGPoint previousLocationTwo = [touchTwo previousLocationInView: [touchTwo view]]; CGFloat currentDistance = sqrt( pow(touchLocationOne.x - touchLocationTwo.x, 2.0f) + pow(touchLocationOne.y - touchLocationTwo.y, 2.0f)); CGFloat previousDistance = sqrt( pow(previousLocationOne.x - previousLocationTwo.x, 2.0f) + pow(previousLocationOne.y - previousLocationTwo.y, 2.0f)); CGFloat distanceDelta = currentDistance - previousDistance; CGPoint pinchCenter = ccpMidpoint(touchLocationOne, touchLocationTwo); pinchCenter = [self convertToNodeSpace:pinchCenter]; CGFloat predictionScale = self.scale + (distanceDelta * PINCH_ZOOM_MULTIPLIER); if([self predictionScaleInBounds:predictionScale]) { [self scale:predictionScale scaleCenter:pinchCenter]; } } else { // Dragging _isDragging = YES; CGPoint previous = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] convertToGL:previousLocationOne]; CGPoint current = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] convertToGL:touchLocationOne]; CGPoint delta = ccpSub(current, previous); self.position = ccpAdd(self.position, delta); } } - (void)touchEnded:(UITouch *)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { _isDragging = NO; _isTouchBegin = NO; // Check if i need to bounce _touchLoc = [touch locationInNode:self]; } #pragma mark - Update - (void)update:(CCTime)delta { CGPoint position = self.position; float scale = self.scale; static float friction = 0.92f; //0.96f; if(_isDragging && !_isScaleBounce) { _velocity = ccp((position.x - _lastPos.x)/2, (position.y - _lastPos.y)/2); _lastPos = position; } else { _velocity = ccp(_velocity.x * friction, _velocity.y *friction); position = ccpAdd(position, _velocity); self.position = position; } if (_isScaleBounce && !_isTouchBegin) { float min = fabsf(self.scale - MIN_SCALE); float max = fabsf(self.scale - MAX_SCALE); int dif = max > min ? 1 : -1; if ((scale > MAX_SCALE - SCALE_BOUNCE_AREA) || (scale < MIN_SCALE + SCALE_BOUNCE_AREA)) { CGFloat newSscale = scale + dif * (delta * friction); [self scale:newSscale scaleCenter:_touchLoc]; } else { _isScaleBounce = NO; } } }

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• Numerically stable(ish) method of getting Y-intercept of mouse position?

  - by Fraser

  I'm trying to unproject the mouse position to get the position on the X-Z plane of a ray cast from the mouse. The camera is fully controllable by the user. Right now, the algorithm I'm using is... Unproject the mouse into the camera to get the ray: Vector3 p1 = Vector3.Unproject(new Vector3(x, y, 0), 0, 0, width, height, nearPlane, farPlane, viewProj; Vector3 p2 = Vector3.Unproject(new Vector3(x, y, 1), 0, 0, width, height, nearPlane, farPlane, viewProj); Vector3 dir = p2 - p1; dir.Normalize(); Ray ray = Ray(p1, dir); Then get the Y-intercept by using algebra: float t = -ray.Position.Y / ray.Direction.Y; Vector3 p = ray.Position + t * ray.Direction; The problem is that the projected position is "jumpy". As I make small adjustments to the mouse position, the projected point moves in strange ways. For example, if I move the mouse one pixel up, it will sometimes move the projected position down, but when I move it a second pixel, the project position will jump back to the mouse's location. The projected location is always close to where it should be, but it does not smoothly follow a moving mouse. The problem intensifies as I zoom the camera out. I believe the problem is caused by numeric instability. I can make minor improvements to this by doing some computations at double precision, and possibly abusing the fact that floating point calculations are done at 80-bit precision on x86, however before I start micro-optimizing this and getting deep into how the CLR handles floating point, I was wondering if there's an algorithmic change I can do to improve this? EDIT: A little snooping around in .NET Reflector on SlimDX.dll: public static Vector3 Unproject(Vector3 vector, float x, float y, float width, float height, float minZ, float maxZ, Matrix worldViewProjection) { Vector3 coordinate = new Vector3(); Matrix result = new Matrix(); Matrix.Invert(ref worldViewProjection, out result); coordinate.X = (float) ((((vector.X - x) / ((double) width)) * 2.0) - 1.0); coordinate.Y = (float) -((((vector.Y - y) / ((double) height)) * 2.0) - 1.0); coordinate.Z = (vector.Z - minZ) / (maxZ - minZ); TransformCoordinate(ref coordinate, ref result, out coordinate); return coordinate; } // ... public static void TransformCoordinate(ref Vector3 coordinate, ref Matrix transformation, out Vector3 result) { Vector3 vector; Vector4 vector2 = new Vector4 { X = (((coordinate.Y * transformation.M21) + (coordinate.X * transformation.M11)) + (coordinate.Z * transformation.M31)) + transformation.M41, Y = (((coordinate.Y * transformation.M22) + (coordinate.X * transformation.M12)) + (coordinate.Z * transformation.M32)) + transformation.M42, Z = (((coordinate.Y * transformation.M23) + (coordinate.X * transformation.M13)) + (coordinate.Z * transformation.M33)) + transformation.M43 }; float num = (float) (1.0 / ((((transformation.M24 * coordinate.Y) + (transformation.M14 * coordinate.X)) + (coordinate.Z * transformation.M34)) + transformation.M44)); vector2.W = num; vector.X = vector2.X * num; vector.Y = vector2.Y * num; vector.Z = vector2.Z * num; result = vector; } ...which seems to be a pretty standard method of unprojecting a point from a projection matrix, however this serves to introduce another point of possible instability. Still, I'd like to stick with the SlimDX Unproject routine rather than writing my own unless it's really necessary.

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