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• Is it better to hard code data or find an algorithm?

  - by OghmaOsiris

  I've been working on a boardgame that has a hex grid as the board (the upper right grid in the image below) Since the board will never change and the spaces on the board will always be linked to the same other spaces around it, should I just hard code every space with the values that I need? Or should I use various algorithms to calculate links and traversals? To be more specific, my board game is a 4 player game where each player has a 5x5x5x5x5x5 hex grid (again, the upper right grid in th eimage above). The object is to get from the bottom of the grid to the top, with various obstacles in the way, and each players being able to attack eachother from the edge of their grid onto other players based on a range multiplier. Since the players grid will never change and the distance of any arbitrary space from the edge of the grid will always be the same, should I just hard code this number into each of the spaces, or should I still use a breadth first search algorithm when players are attacking? The only con I can think of for hard coding everything is that I'm going to code 9+ 2(5+6+7+8) = 61 individual cells. Is there anything else that I'm missing that I should consider using more complex algorithms?

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• Creating a new instance, C#

  - by Dave Voyles

  This sounds like a very n00b question, but bear with me here: I'm trying to access the position of my bat (paddle) in my pong game and use it in my ball class. I'm doing this because I want a particle effect to go off at the point of contact where the ball hits the bat. Each time the ball hits the bat, I receive an error stating that I haven't created an instance of the bat. I understand that I have to (or can use a static class), but I'm not sure of how to do so in this example. I've included both my Bat and Ball classes. namespace Pong { #region Using Statements using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input; #endregion public class Ball { #region Fields private readonly Random rand; private readonly Texture2D texture; private readonly SoundEffect warp; private double direction; private bool isVisible; private float moveSpeed; private Vector2 position; private Vector2 resetPos; private Rectangle size; private float speed; private bool isResetting; private bool collided; private Vector2 oldPos; private ParticleEngine particleEngine; private ContentManager contentManager; private SpriteBatch spriteBatch; private bool hasHitBat; private AIBat aiBat; private Bat bat; #endregion #region Constructors and Destructors /// <summary> /// Constructor for the ball /// </summary> public Ball(ContentManager contentManager, Vector2 ScreenSize) { moveSpeed = 15f; speed = 0; texture = contentManager.Load<Texture2D>(@"gfx/balls/redBall"); direction = 0; size = new Rectangle(0, 0, texture.Width, texture.Height); resetPos = new Vector2(ScreenSize.X / 2, ScreenSize.Y / 2); position = resetPos; rand = new Random(); isVisible = true; hasHitBat = false; // Everything to do with particles List<Texture2D> textures = new List<Texture2D>(); textures.Add(contentManager.Load<Texture2D>(@"gfx/particle/circle")); textures.Add(contentManager.Load<Texture2D>(@"gfx/particle/star")); textures.Add(contentManager.Load<Texture2D>(@"gfx/particle/diamond")); particleEngine = new ParticleEngine(textures, new Vector2()); } #endregion #region Public Methods and Operators /// <summary> /// Checks for the collision between the bat and the ball. Sends ball in the appropriate /// direction /// </summary> public void BatHit(int block) { if (direction > Math.PI * 1.5f || direction < Math.PI * 0.5f) { hasHitBat = true; particleEngine.EmitterLocation = new Vector2(aiBat.Position.X, aiBat.Position.Y); switch (block) { case 1: direction = MathHelper.ToRadians(200); break; case 2: direction = MathHelper.ToRadians(195); break; case 3: direction = MathHelper.ToRadians(180); break; case 4: direction = MathHelper.ToRadians(180); break; case 5: direction = MathHelper.ToRadians(165); break; } } else { hasHitBat = true; particleEngine.EmitterLocation = new Vector2(bat.Position.X, bat.Position.Y); switch (block) { case 1: direction = MathHelper.ToRadians(310); break; case 2: direction = MathHelper.ToRadians(345); break; case 3: direction = MathHelper.ToRadians(0); break; case 4: direction = MathHelper.ToRadians(15); break; case 5: direction = MathHelper.ToRadians(50); break; } } if (rand.Next(2) == 0) { direction += MathHelper.ToRadians(rand.Next(3)); } else { direction -= MathHelper.ToRadians(rand.Next(3)); } AudioManager.Instance.PlaySoundEffect("hit"); } /// <summary> /// JEP - added method to slow down ball after powerup deactivates /// </summary> public void DecreaseSpeed() { moveSpeed -= 0.6f; } /// <summary> /// Draws the ball on the screen /// </summary> public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { if (isVisible) { spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.Draw(texture, size, Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); // Draws sprites for particles when contact is made particleEngine.Draw(spriteBatch); } } /// <summary> /// Checks for the current direction of the ball /// </summary> public double GetDirection() { return direction; } /// <summary> /// Checks for the current position of the ball /// </summary> public Vector2 GetPosition() { return position; } /// <summary> /// Checks for the current size of the ball (for the powerups) /// </summary> public Rectangle GetSize() { return size; } /// <summary> /// Grows the size of the ball when the GrowBall powerup is used. /// </summary> public void GrowBall() { size = new Rectangle(0, 0, texture.Width * 2, texture.Height * 2); } /// <summary> /// Was used to increased the speed of the ball after each point is scored. /// No longer used, but am considering implementing again. /// </summary> public void IncreaseSpeed() { moveSpeed += 0.6f; } /// <summary> /// Check for the ball to return normal size after the Powerup has expired /// </summary> public void NormalBallSize() { size = new Rectangle(0, 0, texture.Width, texture.Height); } /// <summary> /// Check for the ball to return normal speed after the Powerup has expired /// </summary> public void NormalSpeed() { moveSpeed += 15f; } /// <summary> /// Checks to see if ball went out of bounds, and triggers warp sfx /// </summary> public void OutOfBounds() { // Checks if the player is still alive or not if (isResetting) { AudioManager.Instance.PlaySoundEffect("warp"); { // Used to stop the the issue where the ball hit sfx kept going off when detecting collison isResetting = false; AudioManager.Instance.Dispose(); } } } /// <summary> /// Speed for the ball when Speedball powerup is activated /// </summary> public void PowerupSpeed() { moveSpeed += 20.0f; } /// <summary> /// Check for where to reset the ball after each point is scored /// </summary> public void Reset(bool left) { if (left) { direction = 0; } else { direction = Math.PI; } // Used to stop the the issue where the ball hit sfx kept going off when detecting collison isResetting = true; position = resetPos; // Resets the ball to the center of the screen isVisible = true; speed = 15f; // Returns the ball back to the default speed, in case the speedBall was active if (rand.Next(2) == 0) { direction += MathHelper.ToRadians(rand.Next(30)); } else { direction -= MathHelper.ToRadians(rand.Next(30)); } } /// <summary> /// Shrinks the ball when the ShrinkBall powerup is activated /// </summary> public void ShrinkBall() { size = new Rectangle(0, 0, texture.Width / 2, texture.Height / 2); } /// <summary> /// Stops the ball each time it is reset. Ex: Between points / rounds /// </summary> public void Stop() { isVisible = true; speed = 0; } /// <summary> /// Updates position of the ball /// </summary> public void UpdatePosition() { size.X = (int)position.X; size.Y = (int)position.Y; oldPos.X = position.X; oldPos.Y = position.Y; position.X += speed * (float)Math.Cos(direction); position.Y += speed * (float)Math.Sin(direction); bool collided = CheckWallHit(); particleEngine.Update(); // Stops the issue where ball was oscillating on the ceiling or floor if (collided) { position.X = oldPos.X + speed * (float)Math.Cos(direction); position.Y = oldPos.Y + speed * (float)Math.Sin(direction); } } #endregion #region Methods /// <summary> /// Checks for collision with the ceiling or floor. 2*Math.pi = 360 degrees /// </summary> private bool CheckWallHit() { while (direction > 2 * Math.PI) { direction -= 2 * Math.PI; return true; } while (direction < 0) { direction += 2 * Math.PI; return true; } if (position.Y <= 0 || (position.Y > resetPos.Y * 2 - size.Height)) { direction = 2 * Math.PI - direction; return true; } return true; } #endregion } } namespace Pong { using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using System; public class Bat { public Vector2 Position; public float moveSpeed; public Rectangle size; private int points; private int yHeight; private Texture2D leftBat; public float turbo; public float recharge; public float interval; public bool isTurbo; /// <summary> /// Constructor for the bat /// </summary> public Bat(ContentManager contentManager, Vector2 screenSize, bool side) { moveSpeed = 7f; turbo = 15f; recharge = 100f; points = 0; interval = 5f; leftBat = contentManager.Load<Texture2D>(@"gfx/bats/batGrey"); size = new Rectangle(0, 0, leftBat.Width, leftBat.Height); // True means left bat, false means right bat. if (side) Position = new Vector2(30, screenSize.Y / 2 - size.Height / 2); else Position = new Vector2(screenSize.X - 30, screenSize.Y / 2 - size.Height / 2); yHeight = (int)screenSize.Y; } public void IncreaseSpeed() { moveSpeed += .5f; } /// <summary> /// The speed of the bat when Turbo is activated /// </summary> public void Turbo() { moveSpeed += 8.0f; } /// <summary> /// Returns the speed of the bat back to normal after Turbo is deactivated /// </summary> public void DisableTurbo() { moveSpeed = 7.0f; isTurbo = false; } /// <summary> /// Returns the bat to the nrmal size after the Grow/Shrink powerup has expired /// </summary> public void NormalSize() { size = new Rectangle(0, 0, leftBat.Width, leftBat.Height); } /// <summary> /// Checks for the size of the bat /// </summary> public Rectangle GetSize() { return size; } /// <summary> /// Adds point to the player or the AI after scoring. Currently Disabled. /// </summary> public void IncrementPoints() { points++; } /// <summary> /// Checks for the number of points at the moment /// </summary> public int GetPoints() { return points; } /// <summary> /// Sets thedefault starting position for the bats /// </summary> /// <param name="position"></param> public void SetPosition(Vector2 position) { if (position.Y < 0) { position.Y = 0; } if (position.Y > yHeight - size.Height) { position.Y = yHeight - size.Height; } this.Position = position; } /// <summary> /// Checks for the current position of the bat /// </summary> public Vector2 GetPosition() { return Position; } /// <summary> /// Controls the bat moving up the screen /// </summary> public void MoveUp() { SetPosition(Position + new Vector2(0, -moveSpeed)); } /// <summary> /// Controls the bat moving down the screen /// </summary> public void MoveDown() { SetPosition(Position + new Vector2(0, moveSpeed)); } /// <summary> /// Updates the position of the AI bat, in order to track the ball /// </summary> /// <param name="ball"></param> public virtual void UpdatePosition(Ball ball) { size.X = (int)Position.X; size.Y = (int)Position.Y; } /// <summary> /// Resets the bat to the center location after a new game starts /// </summary> public void ResetPosition() { SetPosition(new Vector2(GetPosition().X, yHeight / 2 - size.Height)); } /// <summary> /// Used for the Growbat powerup /// </summary> public void GrowBat() { // Doubles the size of the bat collision size = new Rectangle(0, 0, leftBat.Width * 2, leftBat.Height * 2); } /// <summary> /// Used for the Shrinkbat powerup /// </summary> public void ShrinkBat() { // 1/2 the size of the bat collision size = new Rectangle(0, 0, leftBat.Width / 2, leftBat.Height / 2); } /// <summary> /// Draws the bats /// </summary> public virtual void Draw(SpriteBatch batch) { batch.Draw(leftBat, size, Color.White); } } }

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• LWJGL Text Rendering

  - by Trixmix

  Currently in my project I am using LWJGL and the Slick2D library to render text onto the screen. Here is a more specific example: Font f = new Font("Times New Roman",Font.BOLD,18); font = new UnicodeFont(f); font.getEffects().add(new ColorEffect(Color.white)); font.addAsciiGlyphs(); try { font.loadGlyphs(); } catch (SlickException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } then i use font.drawString to write onto the screen. This is a quick easy way but it has a lot of disadvantages. for example font.loadGlyphs take a very long time 1-3 seconds. so when i want to change a color or font type then i have to wait 1-3 seconds which means I cannot do it while rendering (ie. cant have different color text on the same screen). My question is what is a better way of drawing multicolored text onto the screen? I use slick2d only for the text rendering so maybe i can fully get rid of the library and draw text some other way... If you have an answer please leave a quick short example. Thanks!

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• What math should all game programmers know?

  - by Tetrad

  Simple enough question: What math should all game programmers have a firm grasp of in order to be successful? I'm not specifically talking about rendering math or anything in the niche areas of game programming, more specifically just things that even game programmers should know about, and if they don't they'll probably find it useful. Note: as there is no one correct answer, this question (and its answers) is a community wiki. Also, if you would like fancy latex math equations, feel free to use http://mathurl.com/.

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• Creating natural environments that can run on lower end computers in Unity3D/C#

  - by Timothy Williams

  So, I'm starting work on a project soon that will require me to create realistic environments that can preferably run on PC's besides high quality ones. The goal is to get as real an environment as possible while still being easy(ish) to run. The only problem is I've NEVER done anything with 3D environments, making trees sway, grass move, lighting, etc. Can anyone give me any help? Perhaps describe how it's done? Link me to articles? I'm just looking to be pointed in the right direction, not for you to write the code for me. Any help at all would be greatly appreciated, I'm using Unity3D and C# as my language. Thanks, Tim.

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• Circular Bullet Spread not Even

  - by SoulBeaver

  I'm creating a bullet shooter much in the style of Touhou. Right now I want to have a very simple circular shot being fired from the enemy. See this picture: As you can see, the spacing is very uneven, which isn't very good if you want to survive. The code I'm using is this: private function shoot() : void { const BULLETS_PER_WAVE : int = 72; var interval : Number = BULLETS_PER_WAVE / 360; for (var i : int = 0; i < BULLETS_PER_WAVE; ++i { var xSpeed : Number = GameConstants.BULLET_NORMAL_SPEED_X * Math.sin(i * interval); var ySpeed : Number = GameConstants.BULLET_NORMAL_SPEED_Y * Math.cos(i * interval); BulletFactory.createNormalBullet(bulletColor_, alice_.center, xSpeed, ySpeed); } canShoot_ = false; cooldownTimer_.start(); } I imagine my mistake is in the sin, cos functions, but I'm not entirely sure what's wrong.

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• XNA - Error while rendering a texture to a 2D render target via SpriteBatch

  - by Jared B

  I've got this simple code that uses SpriteBatch to draw a texture onto a RenderTarget2D: private void drawScene(GameTime g) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(skyColor); GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(targetScene); drawSunAndMoon(); effect.Fog = true; GraphicsDevice.SetVertexBuffer(line); effect.MainEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply(); GraphicsDevice.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleStrip, 0, 2); GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); SceneTexture = targetScene; } private void drawPostProcessing(GameTime g) { effect.SceneTexture = SceneTexture; GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(targetBloom); spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, BlendState.Opaque, null, null, null); { if (Bloom) effect.BlurEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply(); spriteBatch.Draw( targetScene, new Rectangle(0, 0, Window.ClientBounds.Width, Window.ClientBounds.Height), Color.White); } spriteBatch.End(); BloomTexture = targetBloom; GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); } Both methods are called from my Draw(GameTime gameTime) function. First drawScene is called, then drawPostProcessing is called. The thing is, when I run this code I get an error on the spriteBatch.Draw call: The render target must not be set on the device when it is used as a texture. I already found the solution, which is to draw the actual render target (targetScene) to the texture so it doesn't create a reference to the loaded render target. However, to my knowledge, the only way of doing this is to write: GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(outputTarget) SpriteBatch.Draw(inputTarget, ...) GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null) Which encounters the same exact problem I'm having right now. So, the question I'm asking is: how would I render inputTarget to outputTarget without reference issues?

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• 2.5D action RPG game

  - by Phorden

  I want to make a 2.5D action RPG game in the next say five years. I need to learn a language first and I have started with C#. I haven't gotten too far into learning it and I would like advice on the best way to approach making a game like this in the long run. Work with XNA studios or stop and learn C++ and UDK? Or maybe there is another good way to approach this. I want to learn programming, so just using a visual editor without learning to code is not the way I want to go. I also don't want to write my game engine from scratch. I'm all ears for advice.

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• Deterministic replay in a modern game

  - by cloudraven

  I am doing a study in modern games graphics, and as part of the study it would be really helpful to be able to replay a sequence in the game multiple times. For example, recording a series of inputs to get the exact video sequences, but being able to replay them in different computers or different graphics configurations. I want to do this study with a couple of existing commercial games with sophisticated graphics (something released in the last 1 or 2 years if possible). I was thinking on hooking with detours or something similar, calls to time() or srand() to fix all pseudo-number generated results. It would be ideal to have a general solution that works with any game. Since admittedly that is pretty ambitious, I would be happy just having 2 or 3 games in which it is known that I can get deterministic output for a given input. In the end, I will be comparing video output, so I want to avoid noise generated by differences on each execution caused by non-determinism. Any sugestions?

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• Camera lookAt target changes when rotating parent node

  - by Michael IV

  have the following issue.I have a camera with lookAt method which works fine.I have a parent node to which I parent the camera.If I rotate the parent node while keeping the camera lookAt the target , the camera lookAt changes too.That is nor what I want to achieve.I need it to work like in Adobe AE when you parent camera to a null object:when null object is rotated the camera starts orbiting around the target while still looking at the target.What I do currently is multiplying parent's model matrix with camera model matrix which is calculated from lookAt() method.I am sure I need to decompose (or recompose ) one of the matrices before multiplying them .Parent model or camera model ? Anyone here can show the right way doing it ? UPDATE: The parent is just a node .The child is the camera.The parented camera in AfterEffects works like this: If you rotate the parent node while camera looks at the target , the camera actually starts orbiting around the target based on the parent rotation.In my case the parent rotation changes also Camera's lookAt direction which IS NOT what I want.Hope now it is clear .

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• unity4.3 rigidbody2d unexpected force behaviour

  - by Lilz Votca Love

  So guys ive edited the question and here is what my problem is i have a player which has a rigidbody2d attached to it.my player is able to doublejump in the air nicely and stick to walls when colliding with them and slowly slides to the ground.All movement is handle through physics and no transform manipulations.here i did something similar to this in the FixedUpdate of my player. void FixedUpdate() { if(wall && Input.GetButtonDown("Jump")) { if(facingright)//player is facing the left side of the wall { rigidbody2D.Addforce(new vector2(-1f,2f)*jumpforce); /*Now the player should jump backwards following this directional vector and should follow a smooth curve which in this part works well*/ } else { rigidbody2D.Addforce(new vector2(1f,2f)*jumpforce); /*Now this is where everything gets complicated as you should have noticed this is the same directional vector only the opposite x axis value and the same amount of force is used but it behaves like the red curve in the picture below*/ } } } bad behaviour and vector in red .I tested the same thing(both addforce methods) for a simple jump and they exactly behave like mentionned above in the picture.so here is my problem.Jumping diagonally forward with rigidbody2d.addforce() do not have the same impact,do not follow the same curve as jumping the opposite direction with the same exact amount of force.if i could fix this or get past this i could implement a walljump system like a ninja jumping in zigzag between two opposite wall to climb them.Any ideas or alternatives?

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• Diamond-square terrain generation problem

  - by kafka

  I've implemented a diamond-square algorithm according to this article: http://www.lighthouse3d.com/opengl/terrain/index.php?mpd2 The problem is that I get these steep cliffs all over the map. It happens on the edges, when the terrain is recursively subdivided: Here is the source: void DiamondSquare(unsigned x1,unsigned y1,unsigned x2,unsigned y2,float range) { int c1 = (int)x2 - (int)x1; int c2 = (int)y2 - (int)y1; unsigned hx = (x2 - x1)/2; unsigned hy = (y2 - y1)/2; if((c1 <= 1) || (c2 <= 1)) return; // Diamond stage float a = m_heightmap[x1][y1]; float b = m_heightmap[x2][y1]; float c = m_heightmap[x1][y2]; float d = m_heightmap[x2][y2]; float e = (a+b+c+d) / 4 + GetRnd() * range; m_heightmap[x1 + hx][y1 + hy] = e; // Square stage float f = (a + c + e + e) / 4 + GetRnd() * range; m_heightmap[x1][y1+hy] = f; float g = (a + b + e + e) / 4 + GetRnd() * range; m_heightmap[x1+hx][y1] = g; float h = (b + d + e + e) / 4 + GetRnd() * range; m_heightmap[x2][y1+hy] = h; float i = (c + d + e + e) / 4 + GetRnd() * range; m_heightmap[x1+hx][y2] = i; DiamondSquare(x1, y1, x1+hx, y1+hy, range / 2.0); // Upper left DiamondSquare(x1+hx, y1, x2, y1+hy, range / 2.0); // Upper right DiamondSquare(x1, y1+hy, x1+hx, y2, range / 2.0); // Lower left DiamondSquare(x1+hx, y1+hy, x2, y2, range / 2.0); // Lower right } Parameters: (x1,y1),(x2,y2) - coordinates that define a region on a heightmap (default (0,0)(128,128)). range - basically max. height. (default 32) Help would be greatly appreciated.

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• C++ Directx 11 D3DXVec3Unproject

  - by Miguel P

  Hello dear people from the underworld called the internet. So guys, Im having a small issue with D3DXVec3Unproject, because I'm currently using Directx 11 and not 10, and the requirements for this function is: D3DXVECTOR3 *pOut, CONST D3DXVECTOR3 *pV, CONST D3D10_VIEWPORT *pViewport, CONST D3DXMATRIX *pProjection, CONST D3DXMATRIX *pView, CONST D3DXMATRIX *pWorld As you may have noticed, it requires a D3D10_VIEWPORT, and I'm using a Directx 11 viewport, D3D11_VIEWPORT. So do you have any ideas how i can use D3DXVec3Unproject with Directx 11? Thank You

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• Collision detection when pathfinding with pathnodes, UDK

  - by Dave Voyles

  I'm trying to create a class that allows my AIController to path find using pathnodes (NOT NavMeshes). It's doing a swell job of going from point to point in a set order (although I would like for it to be a random patrol at some point), but it gets caught up on collision from time to time. I.E. He'll walk the same set path, and when he runs into the blocks in the middle of the map he continues to rub against them until they finish, and continues on his merry way to the next path node. How can I prevent this from happening, or at least have him move from the wall if he does a trace and detects that it is there? It looks like I need to use MoveToward() instead of MoveTo(), as MoveToward allows the pawn to adjust its course during movement. I'm just not sure of how to use those paramters. Mougli has a decent tutorial on it[/URL], but I can't seem to get it to work correctly with my pathnode array. class PathfindingAIController extends UDKBot; var array Waypoints; var int _PathNode; //declare it at the start so you can use it throughout the script var int CloseEnough; simulated function PostBeginPlay() { local PathNode Current; super.PostBeginPlay(); //add the pathnodes to the array foreach WorldInfo.AllActors(class'Pathnode',Current) { Waypoints.AddItem( Current ); } } simulated function Tick(float DeltaTime) { local int Distance; local Rotator DesiredRotation; super.Tick(DeltaTime); if (Pawn != None) { // Smoothly rotate the pawn towards the focal point DesiredRotation = Rotator(GetFocalPoint() - Pawn.Location); Pawn.FaceRotation(RLerp(Pawn.Rotation, DesiredRotation, 3.125f * DeltaTime, true), DeltaTime); } Distance = VSize2D(Pawn.Location - Waypoints[_PathNode].Location); if (Distance <= CloseEnough) { _PathNode++; } if (_PathNode >= Waypoints.Length) { _PathNode = 0; } GoToState('Pathfinding'); } auto state Pathfinding { Begin: if (Waypoints[_PathNode] != None) // make sure there is a pathnode to move to { MoveTo(Waypoints[_PathNode].Location); //move to it `log("STATE: Pathfinding"); } } DefaultProperties { CloseEnough=400 bIsplayer = True }

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• Why do my 512x512 bitmaps look jaggy on Android OpenGL?

  - by Milo Mordaunt

  This is sort of driving me nuts, I've googled and googled and tried everything I can think of, but my sprites still look super blurry and super jaggy. Example: Here: https://docs.google.com/open?id=0Bx9Gbwnv9Hd2TmpiZkFycUNmRTA If you click through to the actual full size image you should see what I mean, it's like it's taking and average of every 5*5 pixels or something, the background looks really blurry and blocky, but the ball is the worst. The clouds look all right for some reason, probably because they're mostly transparent. I know the pngs aren't top notch themselves but hey, I'm no artist! I would imagine it's a problem with either: a. How the pngs are made example sprite (512x512): https://docs.google.com/open?id=0Bx9Gbwnv9Hd2a2RRQlJiQTFJUEE b. How my Matrices work This is the relevant parts of the renderer: public void onDrawFrame(GL10 unused) { if(world != null) { dt = System.currentTimeMillis() - endTime; world.update( (float) dt); // Redraw background color GLES20.glClear(GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); Matrix.setIdentityM(mvMatrix, 0); Matrix.translateM(mvMatrix, 0, 0f, 0f, 0f); world.draw(mvMatrix, mProjMatrix); endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); } else { Log.d(TAG, "There is no world...."); } } public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 unused, int width, int height) { GLES20.glViewport(0, 0, width, height); Matrix.orthoM(mProjMatrix, 0, 0, width /2, 0, height /2, -1.f, 1.f); } And this is what each Quad does when draw is called: public void draw(float[] mvMatrix, float[] pMatrix) { Matrix.setIdentityM(mMatrix, 0); Matrix.setIdentityM(mvMatrix, 0); Matrix.translateM(mMatrix, 0, xPos, yPos, 0.f); Matrix.multiplyMM(mvMatrix, 0, mvMatrix, 0, mMatrix, 0); Matrix.scaleM(mvMatrix, 0, scale, scale, 0f); Matrix.rotateM(mvMatrix, 0, angle, 0f, 0f, -1f); GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram); posAttr = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "vPosition"); texAttr = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aTexCo"); uSampler = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uSampler"); int alphaHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "alpha"); GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(posAttr, COORDS_PER_VERTEX, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, vertexBuffer); GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(texAttr, 2, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, texCoBuffer); GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(posAttr); GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(texAttr); GLES20.glActiveTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE0); GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); GLES20.glUniform1i(uSampler, 0); GLES20.glUniform1f(alphaHandle, alpha); mMVMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uMVMatrix"); mPMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uPMatrix"); GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(mMVMatrixHandle, 1, false, mvMatrix, 0); GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(mPMatrixHandle, 1, false, pMatrix, 0); GLES20.glDrawElements(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 4, GLES20.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, indicesBuffer); GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(posAttr); GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(texAttr); GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); } c. How my texture loading/blending/shaders setup works Here is the renderer setup: public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 unused, EGLConfig config) { // Set the background frame color GLES20.glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); GLES20.glDisable(GLES20.GL_DEPTH_TEST); GLES20.glDepthMask(false); GLES20.glBlendFunc(GLES20.GL_ONE, GLES20.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); GLES20.glEnable(GLES20.GL_BLEND); GLES20.glEnable(GLES20.GL_DITHER); } Here is the vertex shader: attribute vec4 vPosition; attribute vec2 aTexCo; varying vec2 vTexCo; uniform mat4 uMVMatrix; uniform mat4 uPMatrix; void main() { gl_Position = uPMatrix * uMVMatrix * vPosition; vTexCo = aTexCo; } And here's the fragment shader: precision mediump float; uniform sampler2D uSampler; uniform vec4 vColor; varying vec2 vTexCo; varying float alpha; void main() { vec4 color = texture2D(uSampler, vec2(vTexCo)); gl_FragColor = color; if(gl_FragColor.a == 0.0) { "discard; } } This is how textures are loaded: private int loadTexture(int rescource) { int[] texture = new int[1]; BitmapFactory.Options opts = new BitmapFactory.Options(); opts.inScaled = false; Bitmap temp = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), rescource, opts); GLES20.glGenTextures(1, texture, 0); GLES20.glActiveTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE0); GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GLES20.GL_LINEAR); GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GLES20.GL_LINEAR); GLUtils.texImage2D(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, temp, 0); GLES20.glGenerateMipmap(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D); GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); temp.recycle(); return texture[0]; } I'm sure I'm doing about 20,000 things wrong, so I'm really sorry if the problem is blindingly obvious... The test device is a Galaxy Note, running a JellyBean custom ROM, if that matters at all. So the screen resolution is 1280x800, which means... The background is 1024x1024, so yeah it might be a little blurry, but shouldn't be made of lego. Thank you so much, any answer at all would be appreciated.

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• How to load stacking chunks on the fly?

  - by Brettetete

  I'm currently working on an infinite world, mostly inspired by minecraft. A Chunk consists of 16x16x16 blocks. A block(cube) is 1x1x1. This runs very smoothly with a ViewRange of 12 Chunks (12x16) on my computer. Fine. When I change the Chunk height to 256 this becomes - obviously - incredible laggy. So what I basically want to do is stacking chunks. That means my world could be [8,16,8] Chunks large. The question is now how to generate chunks on the fly? At the moment I generate not existing chunks circular around my position (near to far). Since I don't stack chunks yet, this is not very complex. As important side note here: I also want to have biomes, with different min/max height. So in Biome Flatlands the highest layer with blocks would be 8 (8x16) - in Biome Mountains the highest layer with blocks would be 14 (14x16). Just as example. What I could do would be loading 1 Chunk above and below me for example. But here the problem would be, that transitions between different bioms could be larger than one chunk on y. My current chunk loading in action For the completeness here my current chunk loading "algorithm" private IEnumerator UpdateChunks(){ for (int i = 1; i < VIEW_RANGE; i += ChunkWidth) { float vr = i; for (float x = transform.position.x - vr; x < transform.position.x + vr; x += ChunkWidth) { for (float z = transform.position.z - vr; z < transform.position.z + vr; z += ChunkWidth) { _pos.Set(x, 0, z); // no y, yet _pos.x = Mathf.Floor(_pos.x/ChunkWidth)*ChunkWidth; _pos.z = Mathf.Floor(_pos.z/ChunkWidth)*ChunkWidth; Chunk chunk = Chunk.FindChunk(_pos); // If Chunk is already created, continue if (chunk != null) continue; // Create a new Chunk.. chunk = (Chunk) Instantiate(ChunkFab, _pos, Quaternion.identity); } } // Skip to next frame yield return 0; } }

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• Render on other render targets starting from one already rendered on

  - by JTulip

  I have to perform a double pass convolution on a texture that is actually the color attachment of another render target, and store it in the color attachment of ANOTHER render target. This must be done multiple time, but using the same texture as starting point What I do now is (a bit abstracted, but what I have abstract is guaranteed to work singularly) renderOnRT(firstTarget); // This is working. for each other RT currRT{ glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, currRT.frameBufferID); programX.use(); glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, firstTarget.colorAttachmentID); programX.setUniform1i("colourTexture",0); glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, firstTarget.depthAttachmentID); programX.setUniform1i("depthTexture",1); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, quadBuffID); // quadBuffID is a VBO for a screen aligned quad. It is fine. programX.vertexAttribPointer(POSITION_ATTRIBUTE, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*)0); glDrawArrays(GL_QUADS,0,4); programY.use(); glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, currRT.colorAttachmentID); // The second pass is done on the previous pass programY.setUniform1i("colourTexture",0); glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, currRT.depthAttachmentID); programY.setUniform1i("depthTexture",1); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, quadBuffID); programY.vertexAttribPointer(POSITION_ATTRIBUTE, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*)0); glDrawArrays(GL_QUADS, 0, 4); } The problem is that I end up with black textures and not the wanted result. The GLSL programs program(X,Y) works fine, already tested on single targets. Is there something stupid I am missing? Even an hint is much appreciated, thanks!

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• Any reliable polygon normal calculation code?

  - by Jenko

  Do you have any reliable face normal calculation code? I'm using this but it fails when faces are 90 degrees upright or similar. // the normal point var x:Number = 0; var y:Number = 0; var z:Number = 0; // if is a triangle with 3 points if (points.length == 3) { // read vertices of triangle var Ax:Number, Bx:Number, Cx:Number; var Ay:Number, By:Number, Cy:Number; var Az:Number, Bz:Number, Cz:Number; Ax = points[0].x; Bx = points[1].x; Cx = points[2].x; Ay = points[0].y; By = points[1].y; Cy = points[2].y; Az = points[0].z; Bz = points[1].z; Cz = points[2].z; // calculate normal of a triangle x = (By - Ay) * (Cz - Az) - (Bz - Az) * (Cy - Ay); y = (Bz - Az) * (Cx - Ax) - (Bx - Ax) * (Cz - Az); z = (Bx - Ax) * (Cy - Ay) - (By - Ay) * (Cx - Ax); // if is a polygon with 4+ points }else if (points.length > 3){ // calculate normal of a polygon using all points var n:int = points.length; x = 0; y = 0; z = 0 // ensure all points above 0 var minx:Number = 0, miny:Number = 0, minz:Number = 0; for (var p:int = 0, pl:int = points.length; p < pl; p++) { var po:_Point3D = points[p] = points[p].clone(); if (po.x < minx) { minx = po.x; } if (po.y < miny) { miny = po.y; } if (po.z < minz) { minz = po.z; } } if (minx > 0 || miny > 0 || minz > 0){ for (p = 0; p < pl; p++) { po = points[p]; po.x -= minx; po.y -= miny; po.z -= minz; } } var cur:int = 1, prev:int = 0, next:int = 2; for (var i:int = 1; i <= n; i++) { // using Newell method x += points[cur].y * (points[next].z - points[prev].z); y += points[cur].z * (points[next].x - points[prev].x); z += points[cur].x * (points[next].y - points[prev].y); cur = (cur+1) % n; next = (next+1) % n; prev = (prev+1) % n; } } // length of the normal var length:Number = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y + z * z); // if area is 0 if (length == 0) { return null; }else{ // turn large values into a unit vector x = x / length; y = y / length; z = z / length; }

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• Impulsioned jumping

  - by Mutoh

  There's one thing that has been puzzling me, and that is how to implement a 'faux-impulsed' jump in a platformer. If you don't know what I'm talking about, then think of the jumps of Mario, Kirby, and Quote from Cave Story. What do they have in common? Well, the height of your jump is determined by how long you keep the jump button pressed. Knowing that these character's 'impulses' are built not before their jump, as in actual physics, but rather while in mid-air - that is, you can very well lift your finger midway of the max height and it will stop, even if with desacceleration between it and the full stop; which is why you can simply tap for a hop and hold it for a long jump -, I am mesmerized by how they keep their trajetories as arcs. My current implementation works as following: While the jump button is pressed, gravity is turned off and the avatar's Y coordenate is decremented by the constant value of the gravity. For example, if things fall at Z units per tick, it will rise Z units per tick. Once the button is released or the limit is reached, the avatar desaccelerates in an amount that would make it cover X units until its speed reaches 0; once it does, it accelerates up until its speed matches gravity - sticking to the example, I could say it accelerates from 0 to Z units/tick while still covering X units. This implementation, however, makes jumps too diagonal, and unless the avatar's speed is faster than the gravity, which would make it way too fast in my current project (it moves at about 4 pixels per tick and gravity is 10 pixels per tick, at a framerate of 40FPS), it also makes it more vertical than horizontal. Those familiar with platformers would notice that the character's arc'd jump almost always allows them to jump further even if they aren't as fast as the game's gravity, and when it doesn't, if not played right, would prove itself to be very counter-intuitive. I know this because I could attest that my implementation is very annoying. Has anyone ever attempted at similar mechanics, and maybe even succeeded? I'd like to know what's behind this kind of platformer jumping. If you haven't ever had any experience with this beforehand and want to give it a go, then please, don't try to correct or enhance my explained implementation, unless I was on the right way - try to make up your solution from scratch. I don't care if you use gravity, physics or whatnot, as long as it shows how these pseudo-impulses work, it does the job. Also, I'd like its presentation to avoid a language-specific coding; like, sharing us a C++ example, or Delphi... As much as I'm using the XNA framework for my project and wouldn't mind C# stuff, I don't have much patience to read other's code, and I'm certain game developers of other languages would be interested in what we achieve here, so don't mind sticking to pseudo-code. Thank you beforehand.

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• How to implement a stack of game states in C++

  - by Lisandro Vaccaro

  I'm new to C++ and as a college proyect I'm building a 2D platformer with some classmates, I recently read that it's a good idea to have a stack of gamestates instead of a single global variable with the game state (which is what I have now) but I'm not sure how to do it. Currently this is my implementation: class GameState { public: virtual ~GameState(){}; virtual void handle_events() = 0; virtual void logic() = 0; virtual void render() = 0; }; class Menu : public GameState { public: Menu(); ~Menu(); void handle_events(); void logic(); void render(); }; Then I have a global variable of type GameState: GameState *currentState = NULL; And in my Main I define the currentState and call it's methods: int main(){ currentState = new Menu(); currentState.handle_events(); } How can I implement a stack or something similar to go from that to something like this: int main(){ statesStack.push(new Menu()); statesStack.getTop().handle_events(); }

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• Physics/Graphics Components

  - by Brett Powell

  I have spent the last 48 hours reading up on Object Component systems, and feel I am ready enough to start implementing it. I got the base Object and Component classes created, but now that I need to start creating the actual components I am a bit confused. When I think of them in terms of HealthComponent or something that would basically just be a property, it makes perfect sense. When it is something more general as a Physics/Graphics component, I get a bit confused. My Object class looks like this so far (If you notice any changes I should make please let me know, still new to this)... typedef unsigned int ID; class GameObject { public: GameObject(ID id, Ogre::String name = ""); ~GameObject(); ID &getID(); Ogre::String &getName(); virtual void update() = 0; // Component Functions void addComponent(Component *component); void removeComponent(Ogre::String familyName); template<typename T> T* getComponent(Ogre::String familyName) { return dynamic_cast<T*>(m_components[familyName]); } protected: // Properties ID m_ID; Ogre::String m_Name; float m_flVelocity; Ogre::Vector3 m_vecPosition; // Components std::map<std::string,Component*> m_components; std::map<std::string,Component*>::iterator m_componentItr; }; Now the problem I am running into is what would the general population put into Components such as Physics/Graphics? For Ogre (my rendering engine) the visible Objects will consist of multiple Ogre::SceneNode (possibly multiple) to attach it to the scene, Ogre::Entity (possibly multiple) to show the visible meshes, and so on. Would it be best to just add multiple GraphicComponent's to the Object and let each GraphicComponent handle one SceneNode/Entity or is the idea to have one of each Component needed? For Physics I am even more confused. I suppose maybe creating a RigidBody and keeping track of mass/interia/etc. would make sense. But I am having trouble thinking of how to actually putting specifics into a Component. Once I get a couple of these "Required" components done, I think it will make a lot more sense. As of right now though I am still a bit stumped.

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• How to prevent 2D camera rotation if it would violate the bounds of the camera?

  - by Andrew Price

  I'm working on a Camera class and I have a rectangle field named Bounds that determines the bounds of the camera. I have it working for zooming and moving the camera so that the camera cannot exit its bounds. However, I'm a bit confused on how to do the same for rotation. Currently I allow rotating of the camera's Z-axis. However, if sufficiently zoomed out, upon rotating the camera, areas of the screen outside the camera's bounds can be shown. I'd like to deny the rotation assuming it meant that the newly rotated camera would expose areas outside the camera's bounds, but I'm not quite sure how. I'm still new to Matrix and Vector math and I'm not quite sure how to model if the newly rotated camera sees outside of its bounds, undo the rotation. Here's an image showing the problem: http://i.stack.imgur.com/NqprC.png The red is out of bounds and as a result, the camera should never be allowed to rotate itself like this. This seems like it would be a problem with all rotated values, but this is not the case when the camera is zoomed in enough. Here are the current member variables for the Camera class: private Vector2 _position = Vector2.Zero; private Vector2 _origin = Vector2.Zero; private Rectangle? _bounds = Rectangle.Empty; private float _rotation = 0.0f; private float _zoom = 1.0f; Is this possible to do? If so, could someone give me some guidance on how to accomplish this? Thanks. EDIT: I forgot to mention I am using a transformation matrix style camera that I input in to SpriteBatch.Begin. I am using the same transformation matrix from this tutorial.

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• Small adventure game

  - by Nick Rosencrantz

  I'm making a small adventure game where the player can walk through Dungeons and meet scary characters: The whole thing is 20 java classes and I'm making this a standalone frame while it could very well be an applet I don't want to make another applet since I might want to recode this in C/C++ if the game or game engine turns out a success. The engine is the most interesting part of the game, it controls players and computer-controlled characters such as Zombies, Reptile Warriors, Trolls, Necromancers, and other Persons. These persons can sleep or walk around in the game and also pick up and move things. I didn't add many things so I suppose that is the next thing to do is to add things that can get used now that I already added many different types of walking persons. What do you think I should add and do with things in the game? The things I have so far is: package adventure; /** * The data type for things. Subclasses will be create that takes part of the story */ public class Thing { /** * The name of the Thing. */ public String name; /** * @param name The name of the Thing. */ Thing( String name ) { this.name = name; } } public class Scroll extends Thing { Scroll (String name) { super(name); } } class Key extends Thing { Key (String name) { super(name); } } The key is the way to win the game if you figure our that you should give it to a certain person and the scroll can protect you from necromancers and trolls. If I make this game more Dungeons and Dragons-inspired, do you think will be any good? Any other ideas that you think I could use here? The Threadwhich steps time forward and wakes up persons is called simulation. Do you think I could do something more advanced with this class? package adventure; class Simulation extends Thread { private PriorityQueue Eventqueue; Simulation() { Eventqueue = new PriorityQueue(); start(); } public void wakeMeAfter(Wakeable SleepingObject, double time) { Eventqueue.enqueue(SleepingObject, System.currentTimeMillis()+time); } public void run() { while(true) { try { sleep(5); //Sov i en halv sekund if (Eventqueue.getFirstTime() <= System.currentTimeMillis()) { ((Wakeable)Eventqueue.getFirst()).wakeup(); Eventqueue.dequeue(); } } catch (InterruptedException e ) { } } } } And here is the class that makes up the actual world: package adventure; import java.awt.*; import java.net.URL; /** * Subklass to World that builds up the Dungeon World. */ public class DungeonWorld extends World { /** * * @param a Reference to adventure game. * */ public DungeonWorld(Adventure a) { super ( a ); // Create all places createPlace( "Himlen" ); createPlace( "Stairs3" ); createPlace( "IPLab" ); createPlace( "Dungeon3" ); createPlace( "Stairs5" ); createPlace( "C2M2" ); createPlace( "SANS" ); createPlace( "Macsal" ); createPlace( "Stairs4" ); createPlace( "Dungeon2" ); createPlace( "Datorsalen" ); createPlace( "Dungeon");//, "Ljushallen.gif" ); createPlace( "Cola-automaten", "ColaAutomat.gif" ); createPlace( "Stairs2" ); createPlace( "Fable1" ); createPlace( "Dungeon1" ); createPlace( "Kulverten" ); // Create all connections between places connect( "Stairs3", "Stairs5", "Down", "Up" ); connect( "Dungeon3", "SANS", "Down", "Up" ); connect( "Dungeon3", "IPLab", "West", "East" ); connect( "IPLab", "Stairs3", "West", "East" ); connect( "Stairs5", "Stairs4", "Down", "Up" ); connect( "Macsal", "Stairs5", "South", "Norr" ); connect( "C2M2", "Stairs5", "West", "East" ); connect( "SANS", "C2M2", "West", "East" ); connect( "Stairs4", "Dungeon", "Down", "Up" ); connect( "Datorsalen", "Stairs4", "South", "Noth" ); connect( "Dungeon2", "Stairs4", "West", "East" ); connect( "Dungeon", "Stairs2", "Down", "Up" ); connect( "Dungeon", "Cola-automaten", "South", "North" ); connect( "Stairs2", "Kulverten", "Down", "Up" ); connect( "Stairs2", "Fable1", "East", "West" ); connect( "Fable1", "Dungeon1", "South", "North" ); // Add things // --- Add new things here --- getPlace("Cola-automaten").addThing(new CocaCola("Ljummen cola")); getPlace("Cola-automaten").addThing(new CocaCola("Avslagen Cola")); getPlace("Cola-automaten").addThing(new CocaCola("Iskall Cola")); getPlace("Cola-automaten").addThing(new CocaCola("Cola Light")); getPlace("Cola-automaten").addThing(new CocaCola("Cuba Cola")); getPlace("Stairs4").addThing(new Scroll("Scroll")); getPlace("Dungeon3").addThing(new Key("Key")); Simulation sim = new Simulation(); // Load images to be used as appearance-parameter for persons Image studAppearance = owner.loadPicture( "Person.gif" ); Image asseAppearance = owner.loadPicture( "Asse.gif" ); Image trollAppearance = owner.loadPicture( "Loke.gif" ); Image necromancerAppearance = owner.loadPicture( "Necromancer.gif" ); Image skeletonAppearance = owner.loadPicture( "Reptilewarrior.gif" ); Image reptileAppearance = owner.loadPicture( "Skeleton.gif" ); Image zombieAppearance = owner.loadPicture( "Zombie.gif" ); // --- Add new persons here --- new WalkingPerson(sim, this, "Peter", studAppearance); new WalkingPerson(sim, this, "Zombie", zombieAppearance ); new WalkingPerson(sim, this, "Zombie", zombieAppearance ); new WalkingPerson(sim, this, "Skeleton", skeletonAppearance ); new WalkingPerson(sim, this, "John", studAppearance ); new WalkingPerson(sim, this, "Skeleton", skeletonAppearance ); new WalkingPerson(sim, this, "Skeleton", skeletonAppearance ); new WalkingPerson(sim, this, "Skeleton", skeletonAppearance ); new WalkingPerson(sim, this, "Sean", studAppearance ); new WalkingPerson(sim, this, "Reptile", reptileAppearance ); new LabAssistant(sim, this, "Kate", asseAppearance); new LabAssistant(sim, this, "Jenna", asseAppearance); new Troll(sim, this, "Troll", trollAppearance); new Necromancer(sim, this, "Necromancer", necromancerAppearance); } /** * * The place where persons are placed by default * *@return The default place. * */ public Place defaultPlace() { return getPlace( "Datorsalen" ); } private void connect( String p1, String p2, String door1, String door2) { Place place1 = getPlace( p1 ); Place place2 = getPlace( p2 ); place1.addExit( door1, place2 ); place2.addExit( door2, place1 ); } } Thanks

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• GLSL: How Do I cast a float into an int?

  - by dugla

  In a GLSL fragment shader I am trying to cast a float into an int. The compiler has other ideas. It complains thusly: ERROR: 0:60: '=' : cannot convert from 'mediump float' to 'highp int' I am trying to do this: mediump float indexf = floor(2.0 * mixer); highp int index = indexf; I (vainly) tried to raise the precision of the int above the float to appease the GL Gods but no joy. Could someone please school me here? Thanks, Doug

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• Simple heart container script for 2D game (Unity)?

  - by N1ghtshade3

  I'm attempting to create a simple mobile game (C#) that involves a simple three-heart life system. After searching for hours online, many of the solutions use OnGUI (which is apparently horrible for performance) and the rest are too complicated for me to understand and add to my code. The other solutions involve using a single texture and just hiding part of it when damage is taken. In my game, however, the player should be able to go over three hearts (for example, every 100 points). Sebastian Lague's Zelda-Style Health is what I'm looking for, but even though it's a tutorial there is way too much going on that I don't need or can't customize to fit in mine. What I have so far is a script called HealthScript.cs which contains a variable lives. I have another script, PlayerPhysics.cs which calls HealthScript and subtracts a life when an enemy is hit. The part I don't get is actually drawing the hearts. I think I understand what needs to happen, I just am not experienced enough with Unity to know how. The Start function should draw three (or whatever lives is set to) hearts in the top right corner. Since the game should be resolution-independent to accommodate the various sizes of Android devices, I'd rather use scaling rather than PixelInset. When the player hits an enemy as detected by PlayerPhysics.cs, it should subtract from lives. I think that I have this working using this.GetComponent<HealthScript>().lives -= 1 but I'm not sure if it actually works. This should trigger a redraw of the hearts so that there are now two hearts. The same principle would apply for adding hearts when a score is reached, except when lives > maxHeartsPerRow, the new hearts should be drawn below the old ones. I realise I don't have much code to show but believe me; I've tried for quite some time to figure this out and have little to show for it. Any help at all would be welcome; it seems like it shouldn't take that much code to put an image on the screen for each life there is, but I haven't found anything yet. Thanks!

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