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  • Designing rules to fight smallpox in Civ-style TBS games

    - by Williham Totland
    TL;DR: How do you design a ruleset for a Civ-style TBS game that prevents city smallpox from being a profitable or viable strategy? Long version: Civ-style games are pretty great. Bringing a civilization from cradle to grave is a great endeavor, and practicing diplomacy with hard-line human players is fun and challenging. In theory. In practice, however, many of these games has, especially in multiplayer, exactly one viable strategy: City smallpox, a.k.a. infinite city spread, a.k.a. covering all available space with 1-citizen cities, packed as tight as they will go. I suppose this could count as emergent gameplay, but still; it could hardly be considered to be in the spirit of the class of game. The Civilization series, of course, is stuck in their more or less fixed rule sets, established with Civilization. Yes, there have been major changes in some respects, but the rules pertaining to city building and maintenance have stayed pretty similar. So the question, then: If you build a ruleset for a TBS from the ground up; what rules should be in place to prevent Infinite City Sprawl from being a viable strategy? Or should ICS be a viable strategy?

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  • XNA, how to draw two cubes standing in line parallelly?

    - by user3535716
    I just got a problem with drawing two 3D cubes standing in line. In my code, I made a cube class, and in the game1 class, I built two cubes, A on the right side, B on the left side. I also setup an FPS camera in the 3D world. The problem is if I draw cube B first(Blue), and move the camera to the left side to cube B, A(Red) is still standing in front of B, which is apparently wrong. I guess some pics can make much sense. Then, I move the camera to the other side, the situation is like: This is wrong.... From this view, the red cube, A should be behind the blue one, B.... Could somebody give me help please? This is the draw in the Cube class Matrix center = Matrix.CreateTranslation( new Vector3(-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f)); Matrix scale = Matrix.CreateScale(0.5f); Matrix translate = Matrix.CreateTranslation(location); effect.World = center * scale * translate; effect.View = camera.View; effect.Projection = camera.Projection; foreach (EffectPass pass in effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { pass.Apply(); device.SetVertexBuffer(cubeBuffer); RasterizerState rs = new RasterizerState(); rs.CullMode = CullMode.None; rs.FillMode = FillMode.Solid; device.RasterizerState = rs; device.DrawPrimitives( PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, cubeBuffer.VertexCount / 3); } This is the Draw method in game1 A.Draw(camera, effect); B.Draw(camera, effect); **

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  • How to follow object on CatmullRomSplines at constant speed (e.g. train and train carriage)?

    - by Simon
    I have a CatmullRomSpline, and using the very good example at https://github.com/libgdx/libgdx/wiki/Path-interface-%26-Splines I have my object moving at an even pace over the spline. Using a simple train and carriage example, I now want to have the carriage follow the train at the same speed as the train (not jolting along as it does with my code below). This leads into my main questions: How can I make the carriage have the same constant speed as the train and make it non jerky (it has something to do with the derivative I think, I don't understand how that part works)? Why do I need to divide by the line length to convert to metres per second, and is that correct? It wasn't done in the linked examples? I have used the example I linked to above, and modified for my specific example: private void process(CatmullRomSpline catmullRomSpline) { // Render path with precision of 1000 points renderPath(catmullRomSpline, 1000); float length = catmullRomSpline.approxLength(catmullRomSpline.spanCount * 1000); // Render the "train" Vector2 trainDerivative = new Vector2(); Vector2 trainLocation = new Vector2(); catmullRomSpline.derivativeAt(trainDerivative, current); // For some reason need to divide by length to convert from pixel speed to metres per second but I do not // really understand why I need it, it wasn't done in the examples??????? current += (Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime() * speed / length) / trainDerivative.len(); catmullRomSpline.valueAt(trainLocation, current); renderCircleAtLocation(trainLocation); if (current >= 1) { current -= 1; } // Render the "carriage" Vector2 carriageLocation = new Vector2(); float carriagePercentageCovered = (((current * length) - 1f) / length); // I would like it to follow at 1 metre behind carriagePercentageCovered = Math.max(carriagePercentageCovered, 0); catmullRomSpline.valueAt(carriageLocation, carriagePercentageCovered); renderCircleAtLocation(carriageLocation); } private void renderPath(CatmullRomSpline catmullRomSpline, int k) { // catMulPoints would normally be cached when initialising, but for sake of example... Vector2[] catMulPoints = new Vector2[k]; for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) { catMulPoints[i] = new Vector2(); catmullRomSpline.valueAt(catMulPoints[i], ((float) i) / ((float) k - 1)); } SHAPE_RENDERER.begin(ShapeRenderer.ShapeType.Line); SHAPE_RENDERER.setColor(Color.NAVY); for (int i = 0; i < k - 1; ++i) { SHAPE_RENDERER.line((Vector2) catMulPoints[i], (Vector2) catMulPoints[i + 1]); } SHAPE_RENDERER.end(); } private void renderCircleAtLocation(Vector2 location) { SHAPE_RENDERER.begin(ShapeRenderer.ShapeType.Filled); SHAPE_RENDERER.setColor(Color.YELLOW); SHAPE_RENDERER.circle(location.x, location.y, .5f); SHAPE_RENDERER.end(); } To create a decent sized CatmullRomSpline for testing this out: Vector2[] controlPoints = makeControlPointsArray(); CatmullRomSpline myCatmull = new CatmullRomSpline(controlPoints, false); .... private Vector2[] makeControlPointsArray() { Vector2[] pointsArray = new Vector2[78]; pointsArray[0] = new Vector2(1.681817f, 10.379999f); pointsArray[1] = new Vector2(2.045455f, 10.379999f); pointsArray[2] = new Vector2(2.663636f, 10.479999f); pointsArray[3] = new Vector2(3.027272f, 10.700000f); pointsArray[4] = new Vector2(3.663636f, 10.939999f); pointsArray[5] = new Vector2(4.245455f, 10.899999f); pointsArray[6] = new Vector2(4.736363f, 10.720000f); pointsArray[7] = new Vector2(4.754545f, 10.339999f); pointsArray[8] = new Vector2(4.518181f, 9.860000f); pointsArray[9] = new Vector2(3.790908f, 9.340000f); pointsArray[10] = new Vector2(3.172727f, 8.739999f); pointsArray[11] = new Vector2(3.300000f, 8.340000f); pointsArray[12] = new Vector2(3.700000f, 8.159999f); pointsArray[13] = new Vector2(4.227272f, 8.520000f); pointsArray[14] = new Vector2(4.681818f, 8.819999f); pointsArray[15] = new Vector2(5.081817f, 9.200000f); pointsArray[16] = new Vector2(5.463636f, 9.460000f); pointsArray[17] = new Vector2(5.972727f, 9.300000f); pointsArray[18] = new Vector2(6.063636f, 8.780000f); pointsArray[19] = new Vector2(6.027272f, 8.259999f); pointsArray[20] = new Vector2(5.700000f, 7.739999f); pointsArray[21] = new Vector2(5.300000f, 7.440000f); pointsArray[22] = new Vector2(4.645454f, 7.179999f); pointsArray[23] = new Vector2(4.136363f, 6.940000f); pointsArray[24] = new Vector2(3.427272f, 6.720000f); pointsArray[25] = new Vector2(2.572727f, 6.559999f); pointsArray[26] = new Vector2(1.900000f, 7.100000f); pointsArray[27] = new Vector2(2.336362f, 7.440000f); pointsArray[28] = new Vector2(2.590908f, 7.940000f); pointsArray[29] = new Vector2(2.318181f, 8.500000f); pointsArray[30] = new Vector2(1.663636f, 8.599999f); pointsArray[31] = new Vector2(1.209090f, 8.299999f); pointsArray[32] = new Vector2(1.118181f, 7.700000f); pointsArray[33] = new Vector2(1.045455f, 6.880000f); pointsArray[34] = new Vector2(1.154545f, 6.100000f); pointsArray[35] = new Vector2(1.281817f, 5.580000f); pointsArray[36] = new Vector2(1.700000f, 5.320000f); pointsArray[37] = new Vector2(2.190908f, 5.199999f); pointsArray[38] = new Vector2(2.900000f, 5.100000f); pointsArray[39] = new Vector2(3.700000f, 5.100000f); pointsArray[40] = new Vector2(4.372727f, 5.220000f); pointsArray[41] = new Vector2(4.827272f, 5.220000f); pointsArray[42] = new Vector2(5.463636f, 5.160000f); pointsArray[43] = new Vector2(5.554545f, 4.700000f); pointsArray[44] = new Vector2(5.245453f, 4.340000f); pointsArray[45] = new Vector2(4.445455f, 4.280000f); pointsArray[46] = new Vector2(3.609091f, 4.260000f); pointsArray[47] = new Vector2(2.718181f, 4.160000f); pointsArray[48] = new Vector2(1.990908f, 4.140000f); pointsArray[49] = new Vector2(1.427272f, 3.980000f); pointsArray[50] = new Vector2(1.609090f, 3.580000f); pointsArray[51] = new Vector2(2.136363f, 3.440000f); pointsArray[52] = new Vector2(3.227272f, 3.280000f); pointsArray[53] = new Vector2(3.972727f, 3.340000f); pointsArray[54] = new Vector2(5.027272f, 3.360000f); pointsArray[55] = new Vector2(5.718181f, 3.460000f); pointsArray[56] = new Vector2(6.100000f, 4.240000f); pointsArray[57] = new Vector2(6.209091f, 4.500000f); pointsArray[58] = new Vector2(6.118181f, 5.320000f); pointsArray[59] = new Vector2(5.772727f, 5.920000f); pointsArray[60] = new Vector2(4.881817f, 6.140000f); pointsArray[61] = new Vector2(5.318181f, 6.580000f); pointsArray[62] = new Vector2(6.263636f, 7.020000f); pointsArray[63] = new Vector2(6.645453f, 7.420000f); pointsArray[64] = new Vector2(6.681817f, 8.179999f); pointsArray[65] = new Vector2(6.627272f, 9.080000f); pointsArray[66] = new Vector2(6.572727f, 9.699999f); pointsArray[67] = new Vector2(6.263636f, 10.820000f); pointsArray[68] = new Vector2(5.754546f, 11.479999f); pointsArray[69] = new Vector2(4.536363f, 11.599998f); pointsArray[70] = new Vector2(3.572727f, 11.700000f); pointsArray[71] = new Vector2(2.809090f, 11.660000f); pointsArray[72] = new Vector2(1.445455f, 11.559999f); pointsArray[73] = new Vector2(0.936363f, 11.280000f); pointsArray[74] = new Vector2(0.754545f, 10.879999f); pointsArray[75] = new Vector2(0.700000f, 9.939999f); pointsArray[76] = new Vector2(0.918181f, 9.620000f); pointsArray[77] = new Vector2(1.463636f, 9.600000f); return pointsArray; } Disclaimer: My math is very rusty, so please explain in lay mans terms....

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  • How should I interpret these DirectX Caps Viewer values?

    - by tobi
    Briefly asking - what do the nodes mean and what the difference is between them in DirectX Caps Viewer? DXGI Devices Direct3D9 Devices DirectDraw Devices The most interesting for me is 1 vs 2. In the Direct3D9 Devices under HAL node I can see that my GeForce 8800GT supports PixelShaderVersion 3.0. However, under DXGI Devices I have DX 10, DX 10.1 and DX 11 having Shader model 4.0 (actually why DX 11? My card is not compatible with DX 11). I am implementing a DX 11 application (including d3d11.h) with shaders compiled in 4.0 version, so I can clearly see that 4.0 is supported. What is the difference between 1 and 2? Could you give me some theory behind the nodes?

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  • OpenGL ES 1 Pixel Error?

    - by Beginner001
    I am developing a game on android using OpenGL ES 1.0 for Android OS. It is a 2d game using a simple Orthographic projection and textures for the sprites. One of these textures has a small line (it looks like 1 pixel) all the way across the top that has the same colors as the bottom 1-pixel line of the texture. It is almost as if the bottom line of the image raster was copied and pasted as the top line as well. Is anyone familiar with this type of error? What could the problem be?

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  • Server side random selection of players

    - by Ron
    Assuming I have a simple client-server game, where the server picks random players on a very frequent base, I was wondering what is the best way to select a random player (According to the following constraints): Solution must be high performance and highly scalable Random spread should be relatively even (meaning if I have 3 players and pick 99 times, they will all be picked 33 times more or less) Should only pick players who were active in the past X days (optional, but a big bonus) The actual DB or data model used to store players isn't an issue here, as we'll select the technology in accordance to our needs. However, high performance and scalability is (at the moment we have over 60,000 unique daily active players, and we plan on growing even more). Thanks!

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  • What causes Box2D revolute joints to separate?

    - by nbolton
    I have created a rag doll using dynamic bodies (rectangles) and simple revolute joints (with lower and upper angles). When my rag doll hits the ground (which is a static body) the bodies seem to fidget and the joints separate. It looks like the bodies are sticking to the ground, and the momentum of the rag doll pulls the joint apart (see screenshot below). I'm not sure if it's related, but I'm using the Badlogic GDX Java wrapper for Box2D. Here's some snippets of what I think is the most relevant code: private RevoluteJoint joinBodyParts( Body a, Body b, Vector2 anchor, float lowerAngle, float upperAngle) { RevoluteJointDef jointDef = new RevoluteJointDef(); jointDef.initialize(a, b, a.getWorldPoint(anchor)); jointDef.enableLimit = true; jointDef.lowerAngle = lowerAngle; jointDef.upperAngle = upperAngle; return (RevoluteJoint)world.createJoint(jointDef); } private Body createRectangleBodyPart( float x, float y, float width, float height) { PolygonShape shape = new PolygonShape(); shape.setAsBox(width, height); BodyDef bodyDef = new BodyDef(); bodyDef.type = BodyType.DynamicBody; bodyDef.position.y = y; bodyDef.position.x = x; Body body = world.createBody(bodyDef); FixtureDef fixtureDef = new FixtureDef(); fixtureDef.shape = shape; fixtureDef.density = 10; fixtureDef.filter.groupIndex = -1; fixtureDef.filter.categoryBits = FILTER_BOY; fixtureDef.filter.maskBits = FILTER_STUFF | FILTER_WALL; body.createFixture(fixtureDef); shape.dispose(); return body; } I've skipped the method for creating the head, as it's pretty much the same as the rectangle method (just using a cricle shape). Those methods are used like so: torso = createRectangleBodyPart(x, y + 5, 0.25f, 1.5f); Body head = createRoundBodyPart(x, y + 7.4f, 1); Body leftLegTop = createRectangleBodyPart(x, y + 2.7f, 0.25f, 1); Body rightLegTop = createRectangleBodyPart(x, y + 2.7f, 0.25f, 1); Body leftLegBottom = createRectangleBodyPart(x, y + 1, 0.25f, 1); Body rightLegBottom = createRectangleBodyPart(x, y + 1, 0.25f, 1); Body leftArm = createRectangleBodyPart(x, y + 5, 0.25f, 1.2f); Body rightArm = createRectangleBodyPart(x, y + 5, 0.25f, 1.2f); joinBodyParts(torso, head, new Vector2(0, 1.6f), headAngle); leftLegTopJoint = joinBodyParts(torso, leftLegTop, new Vector2(0, -1.2f), 0.1f, legAngle); rightLegTopJoint = joinBodyParts(torso, rightLegTop, new Vector2(0, -1.2f), 0.1f, legAngle); leftLegBottomJoint = joinBodyParts(leftLegTop, leftLegBottom, new Vector2(0, -1), -legAngle * 1.5f, 0); rightLegBottomJoint = joinBodyParts(rightLegTop, rightLegBottom, new Vector2(0, -1), -legAngle * 1.5f, 0); leftArmJoint = joinBodyParts(torso, leftArm, new Vector2(0, 1), -armAngle * 0.7f, armAngle); rightArmJoint = joinBodyParts(torso, rightArm, new Vector2(0, 1), -armAngle * 0.7f, armAngle);

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  • Assets.getBytes returns null in test environment

    - by ashes999
    I'm using the latest Haxe (2.10), NME (3.4.3), and MUnit. I've written some unit tests that need to fetch bitmap data from SWF symbols. The first step is to actually load the SWF data. To do this, I use NME's getByteArray along with the swf library, like so: var blah:SWF = new SWF(Assets.getBytes("assets/swf/test.swf")); The call to Assets.getBytes returns null when I'm running this under MUnit. When running my actual game code, I'm able to get the byte array (and consequentially, instantiate the SWF class). Am I doing something wrong? What am I missing? Edit: My directory structure is: . (root .\assets .\assets\*.png (other images) .\assets\swf\*.swf (SWFs) .\Source\*.hx (source code) .\Test\*.hx (tests)

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  • how do I set quad buffering with jogl 2.0

    - by tony danza
    I'm trying to create a 3d renderer for stereo vision with quad buffering with Processing/Java. The hardware I'm using is ready for this so that's not the problem. I had a stereo.jar library in jogl 1.0 working for Processing 1.5, but now I have to use Processing 2.0 and jogl 2.0 therefore I have to adapt the library. Some things are changed in the source code of Jogl and Processing and I'm having a hard time trying to figure out how to tell Processing I want to use quad buffering. Here's the previous code: public class Theatre extends PGraphicsOpenGL{ protected void allocate() { if (context == null) { // If OpenGL 2X or 4X smoothing is enabled, setup caps object for them GLCapabilities capabilities = new GLCapabilities(); // Starting in release 0158, OpenGL smoothing is always enabled if (!hints[DISABLE_OPENGL_2X_SMOOTH]) { capabilities.setSampleBuffers(true); capabilities.setNumSamples(2); } else if (hints[ENABLE_OPENGL_4X_SMOOTH]) { capabilities.setSampleBuffers(true); capabilities.setNumSamples(4); } capabilities.setStereo(true); // get a rendering surface and a context for this canvas GLDrawableFactory factory = GLDrawableFactory.getFactory(); drawable = factory.getGLDrawable(parent, capabilities, null); context = drawable.createContext(null); // need to get proper opengl context since will be needed below gl = context.getGL(); // Flag defaults to be reset on the next trip into beginDraw(). settingsInited = false; } else { // The following three lines are a fix for Bug #1176 // http://dev.processing.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=1176 context.destroy(); context = drawable.createContext(null); gl = context.getGL(); reapplySettings(); } } } This was the renderer of the old library. In order to use it, I needed to do size(100, 100, "stereo.Theatre"). Now I'm trying to do the stereo directly in my Processing sketch. Here's what I'm trying: PGraphicsOpenGL pg = ((PGraphicsOpenGL)g); pgl = pg.beginPGL(); gl = pgl.gl; glu = pg.pgl.glu; gl2 = pgl.gl.getGL2(); GLProfile profile = GLProfile.get(GLProfile.GL2); GLCapabilities capabilities = new GLCapabilities(profile); capabilities.setSampleBuffers(true); capabilities.setNumSamples(4); capabilities.setStereo(true); GLDrawableFactory factory = GLDrawableFactory.getFactory(profile); If I go on, I should do something like this: drawable = factory.getGLDrawable(parent, capabilities, null); but drawable isn't a field anymore and I can't find a way to do it. How do I set quad buffering? If I try this: gl2.glDrawBuffer(GL.GL_BACK_RIGHT); it obviously doesn't work :/ Thanks.

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  • Collision and Graphics integration

    - by Shlomi Atia
    I'm a little confused about the integration between collision and graphics. They both need to share the same position in the world. The most obvious choice is the center of the entity, which is good for bounding volumes and fixed sized sprites. However, for characters with variable height size sprites like this: http://gamemedia.wcgame.ru/data/2011-07-17/game-sprite-sheet.jpg This is no longer good. The character won't align to the ground if I'll draw it from the center. I can just make the sprites the same height, but it will be a waste of memory (the largest sprite is 4 times larger then the smallest one). Even then, this is not an option at all with skeletal sprites like this one: http://user-generated-content.java-gaming.org/img-vault/212a171fc1ebb27ab77608fb9b2dd9bd9205361ce6300b21a7f8d06d025fbbd8.png It seems that the graphics need to be drawn from the ground for characters, but not for other images such as scenery and obstacles. The only solution I could think of was having another position called draw-position, which is the entity center for images, and is the the bottom of the collision volume for characters. Then when I draw relative to that position, it should work properly. I haven't found any references for something like that, so I'm kinda insecure about it. Does anyone knows of a better approach for this problem? Thanks

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  • How to categorize textures into atlases

    - by Esa
    I am going to use texture atlasing for the first time in my games, and at first it seemed like a great idea to split textures into atlases by categorizing them by terrain themes e.g ForestTextures, WinterTextures etc. But that could cause a problem when for example a flower has to use transparency shader and other models use a diffuse shader. So those cannot be atlased into the same texture. Thus, would atlasing textures into themes as mentioned before and then splitting them by shader like ForestDiffuse and ForestTransparent be good? Or is there a better way to categorize and build them?

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  • How can I show a texture in a separate window in an XNA game?

    - by John
    I'm playing around with random map generation and what I want to do is: Input a command to generate a random map. A texture will be created resembling the generation, each pixel resembling each tile. A new window will pop-up, without removing the original one, that will contain the texture. I know how to do this except for the last part. Would someone please tell me how to create a new window and draw a texture to this window?

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  • How to get the Exact Collision Point and ignore the collision (from 2 "ghost bodies")

    - by Moritz
    I have a very basic problem with Box2D. For a arenatype game where you can throw scriptable "missiles" at other players I decided to use Box2D for the collision detection between the players and the missiles. Players and missiles have their own circular shape with a specific size (varying). But I don´t want to use dynamic bodies because the missiles need to move themselve in any way they want to (defined in the script) and shouldnt be resolved unless the script wants it. The behavior I look for is as following (for each time step): velocity of missiles is set by the specific missile script each missile is moved according to that velocity if a collision accurs now, I want to get the exact position of impact, and now I need a mechanism to decide if the missile should just ignore the collision (for example collision between two fireballs which shouldnt interact) or take it (so they are resolved and dont overlap anymore) So is there a way in Box2D to create Ghost bodies and listen to collisions from them, then deciding if they should ignore the collision or should take them and resolve their position? I hope I was clear enough and would be happy about any help!

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  • Would someone please explain Octree Collisions to me?

    - by A-Type
    I've been reading everything I can find on the subject and I feel like the pieces are just about to fall into place, but I just can't quite get it. I'm making a space game, where collisions will occur between planets, ships, asteroids, and the sun. Each of these objects can be subdivided into 'chunks', which I have implemented to speed up rendering (the vertices can and will change often at runtime, so I've separated the buffers). These subdivisions also have bounding primitives to test for collision. All of these objects are made of blocks (yeah, it's that kind of game). Blocks can also be tested for rough collisions, though they do not have individual bounding primitives for memory reasons. I think the rough testing seems to be sufficient, though. So, collision needs to be fairly precise; at block resolution. Some functions rely on two blocks colliding. And, of course, attacking specific blocks is important. Now what I am struggling with is filtering my collision pairs. As I said, I've read a lot about Octrees, but I'm having trouble applying it to my situation as many tutorials are vague with very little code. My main issues are: Are Octrees recalculated each frame, or are they stored in memory and objects are shuffled into different divisions as they move? Despite all my reading I still am not clear on this... the vagueness of it all has been frustrating. How far do Octrees subdivide? Planets in my game are quite large, while asteroids are smaller. Do I subdivide to the size of the planet, or asteroid (where planet is in multiple divisions)? Or is the limit something else entirely, like number of elements in the division? Should I load objects into the octrees as 'chunks' or in the whole, then break into chunks later? This could be specific to my implementation, I suppose. I was going to ask about how big my root needed to be, but I did manage to find this question, and the second answer seems sufficient for me. I'm afraid I don't really get what he means by adding new nodes and doing subdivisions upon adding new objects, probably because I'm confused about whether the tree is maintained in memory or recalculated per-frame.

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  • I'm looking to learn how to apply traditional animation techniques to my graphics engine - are there any tutorials or online-resources that can help?

    - by blueberryfields
    There are many traditional animation techniques - such as blurring of motion, motion along an elliptical curve rather than a straight line, counter-motion before beginning of movement - which help with creating the appearance of a realistic 3D animated character. I'm looking to incorporate tools and short cuts for some of these into my graphics engine, to make it easier for my end users to use these techniques in their animations. Is there a good resource listing the techniques and the principles behind them, especially how they might apply to a graphics engine or 3D animation?

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  • libgdx arrays onTouch() method and delays for objects

    - by johnny-b
    i am trying to create random bullets but it is not working for some reason. also how can i make a delay so the bullets come every 30 seconds or 1 minute???? also the onTouch method does not work and it is not taking the bullet away???? shall i put the array in the GameRender class? thanks public class GameWorld { public static Ball ball; private Bullet bullet1; private ScrollHandler scroller; private Array<Bullet> bullets = new Array<Bullet>(); public GameWorld() { ball = new Ball(280, 273, 32, 32); bullet = new Bullet(-300, 200); scroller = new ScrollHandler(0); bullets.add(new Bullet(bullet.getX(), bullet.getY())); bullets = new Array<Bullet>(); Bullet bullet = null; float bulletX = 0.0f; float bulletY = 0.0f; for (int i=0; i < 10; i++) { bulletX = MathUtils.random(-10, 10); bulletY = MathUtils.random(-10, 10); bullet = new Bullet(bulletX, bulletY); bullets.add(bullet); } } public void update(float delta) { ball.update(delta); bullet.update(delta); scroller.update(delta); } public static Ball getBall() { return ball; } public ScrollHandler getScroller() { return scroller; } public Bullet getBullet1() { return bullet1; } } i also tried this and it is not working, i used this in the GameRender class Array<Bullet> enemies=new Array<Bullet>(); //in the constructor of the class enemies.add(new Bullet(bullet.getX(), bullet.getY())); // this throws an exception for some reason??? this is in the render method for(int i=0; i<bullet.size; i++) bullet.get(i).draw(batcher); //this i am using in any method that will allow me from the constructor to update to render for(int i=0; i<bullet.size; i++) bullet.get(i).update(delta); this is not taking the bullet out @Override public boolean touchDown(int screenX, int screenY, int pointer, int button) { for(int i=0; i<bullet.size; i++) if(bullet.get(i).getBounds().contains(screenX,screenY)) bullet.removeIndex(i--); return false; } thanks for the help anyone.

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  • Custom extensible file format for 2d tiled maps

    - by Christian Ivicevic
    I have implemented much of my game logic right now, but still create my maps with nasty for-loops on-the-fly to be able to work with something. Now I wanted to move on and to do some research on how to (un)serialize this data. (I do not search for a map editor - I am speaking of the map file itself) For now I am looking for suggestions and resources, how to implement a custom file format for my maps which should provide the following functionality (based on MoSCoW method): Must have Extensibility and backward compatibility Handling of different layers Metadata on whether a tile is solid or can be passed through Special serialization of entities/triggers with associated properties/metadata Could have Some kind of inclusion of the tileset to prevent having scattered files/tilesets I am developing with C++ (using SDL) and targetting only Windows. Any useful help, tips, suggestions, ... would be appreciated!

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  • How can I easily create cloud texture maps?

    - by EdwardTeach
    I am making 3d planets in my game; these will be viewed as "globes". Some of them will need cloud layers. I looked at various Blender tutorials for creating "earth", and for their cloud layers they use earth cloud maps from NASA. However I will be creating a fictional universe with many procedurally-generated planets. So I would like to use many variations. I'm hoping there's a way to procedurally generate cloud maps such as the NASA link. I will also need to create gas giants, so I will also need other kinds of cloud texture maps. If that is too difficult, I could fall back to creating several variations of cloud maps. For example, 3 for earth-like, 3 for gas giants, etc. So how do I statically create or programmatically generate such cloud maps?

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  • Physics not synchronizing correctly over the network when using Bullet

    - by Lucas
    I'm trying to implement a client/server physics system using Bullet however I'm having problems getting things to sync up. I've implemented a custom motion state which reads and write the transform from my game objects and it works locally but I've tried two different approaches for networked games: Dynamic objects on the client that are also on the server (eg not random debris and other unimportant stuff) are made kinematic. This works correctly but the objects don't move very smoothly Objects are dynamic on both but after each message from the server that the object has moved I set the linear and angular velocity to the values from the server and call btRigidBody::proceedToTransform with the transform on the server. I also call btCollisionObject::activate(true); to force the object to update. My intent with method 2 was to basically do method 1 but hijacking Bullet to do a poor-man's prediction instead of doing my own to smooth out method 1, but this doesn't seem to work (for reasons that are not 100% clear to me even stepping through Bullet) and the objects sometimes end up in different places. Am I heading in the right direction? Bullet seems to have it's own interpolation code built-in. Can that help me make method 1 work better? Or is my method 2 code not working because I am accidentally stomping that?

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  • Want to develop my own primitive physics engine, don't know how to start with it's high-level architecture. Suggestions?

    - by Violet Giraffe
    Few years ago I tried to make a simple 3D game - billiards. Completed like 50%, stuck with physics. Basically, I only need to calculate balls rolling over flat surface, but it would be nice to make something more flexible. I know all the formulas and laws (most of them, anyway). the problem is I have no idea of how to make good physics engine architecture-wise. I tried google and other forums but didn't find what I was looking for. The only suggestion was to look at open-source engine, but I'm not that good a programmer to make heads or tails out of it...

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  • OpenGl / C++ and some strange light problem on half board

    - by mlodziaszka
    I have some problem with lights in my opengl "game". I have board with is square (-50,50), (50, 50), (50, -50), (-50,-50) x and z since y doesn't matter at all. I tried to make something like flashlight its moving and rotating with camera (me), but when i try to rotate more then 90 degree to left or right it just give diffrend light: http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/688/lightij.jpg/ (left is spotlight, right point light) There is also a point light in the middle, but its working strange(not like a pointlight) it shines only on half of the board from (-50,50), (50, 50), (50, 0), (-50,-0) x and y: Link to my repo where u can find game exe in download and full code in source: https://bitbucket.org/mlodziaszka/my_game All more fragments of light: float gl_amb[] = { 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f }; glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, gl_amb); glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); // Wlaczenie oswietlenia glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); // Wybor techniki cieniowania glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); // Wlaczenie 0-go zrodla swiatla glEnable(GL_LIGHT1); Cubes parametri: float m1_amb[] = { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f }; float m1_dif[] = { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f }; float m1_spe[] = { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f }; glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, m1_amb); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, m1_dif); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, m1_spe); glMaterialf(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, 50.0f); Texture parametri: float m1_amb[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; float m1_dif[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; float m1_spe[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, m1_amb); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, m1_dif); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, m1_spe); glMaterialf(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, 0.0f); glTexEnvf( GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_MODULATE ); Light0: //with some magic sn't working anyway float l0_amb[] = { 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f }; float l0_dif[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; float l0_spe[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; float l0_pos[] = { g_Camera.m_vPosition.x, g_Camera.m_vPosition.y, g_Camera.m_vPosition.z, 1.0f }; float temp = 0.0f, temp2 = 0.0f, temp3 = 0.0f; if(g_Camera.m_vView.z < g_Camera.m_vPosition.z) { temp = g_Camera.m_vView.x - g_Camera.m_vPosition.x; temp2 = g_Camera.m_vView.z - g_Camera.m_vPosition.z; } else { temp = g_Camera.m_vView.x - g_Camera.m_vPosition.x; temp2 = g_Camera.m_vView.z - g_Camera.m_vPosition.z; } float l0_pos1[] = {temp, 0.0f, temp2}; //float l0_pos1[] = {-1.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f}; glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, l0_amb); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, l0_dif); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, l0_spe); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, l0_pos); glLightf (GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPOT_CUTOFF, 15.0f); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPOT_DIRECTION, l0_pos1); Light1: float l1_amb[] = { 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f }; float l1_dif[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; float l1_spe[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; float l1_pos[] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f }; glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_AMBIENT, l1_amb); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_DIFFUSE, l1_dif); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_SPECULAR, l1_spe); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_POSITION, l1_pos); I know that way I made this very old, but for now i want to keep this like that. I wouldbe realy gratefull if someone can tell me what is wrong with my lights xD full code: link up ^^

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  • What's a viable way to get public properties from child objects?

    - by Raven Dreamer
    I have a GameObject (RoomOrganizer in the picture below) with a "RoomManager" script, and one or more child objects, each with a 'HasParallelagram' component attached, likeso: I've also got the following in the aforementioned "RoomManager" void Awake () { Rect tempRect; HasParallelogram tempsc; foreach (Transform child in transform) { try { tempsc = child.GetComponent<HasParallelogram>(); tempRect = tempsc.myRect; blockedZoneList.Add(new Parallelogram(tempRect)); Debug.Log(tempRect.ToString()); } catch( System.NullReferenceException) { Debug.Log("Null Reference Caught"); } } } Unfortunately, attempting to assign tempRect = tempsc.myRect causes a null pointer at run time. Am I missing some crucial step? HasParallelgram is an empty script with a public Rect set in the editor and nothing else. What's the proper way to get a child's component?

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  • Marshalling C# Structs into DX11 cbuffers

    - by Craig
    I'm having some issues with the packing of my structure in C# and passing them through to cbuffers I have registered in HLSL. When I pack my struct in one manner the information seems to be able to pass to the shader: [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Size = 16)] internal struct TestStruct { [FieldOffset(0)] public Vector3 mEyePosition; [FieldOffset(12)] public int type; } This works perfectly when used against this HLSL fragment: cbuffer PerFrame : register(b0) { Vector3 eyePos; int type; } float3 GetColour() { float3 returnColour = float(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); switch(type) { case 0: returnColour = float3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); break; case 1: returnColour = float3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); break; case 2: returnColour = float3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); break; } return returnColour; } However, when I use the following structure definitions... // Note this is 16 because HLSL packs in 4 float 'chunks'. // It is also simplified, but still demonstrates the problem. [StructLayout(Layout.Explicit, Size = 16)] internal struct InternalTestStruct { [FieldOffset(0)] public int type; } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Size = 32)] internal struct TestStruct { [FieldOffset(0)] public Vector3 mEyePosition; //Missing 4 bytes here for correct packing. [FieldOffset(16)] public InternalTestStruct mInternal; } ... the following HLSL fragment no longer works. struct InternalType { int type; } cbuffer PerFrame : register(b0) { Vector3 eyePos; InternalType internalStruct; } float3 GetColour() { float3 returnColour = float(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); switch(internaltype.type) { case 0: returnColour = float3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); break; case 1: returnColour = float3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); break; case 2: returnColour = float3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); break; } return returnColour; } Is there a problem with the way I am packing the struct, or is it another issue? To re-iterate: I can pass a struct in a cbuffer so long as it does not contain a nested struct.

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  • Why won't my vertex buffer render in GLFW3?

    - by sm81095
    I have started to try to learn OpenGL, and I decided to use GLFW to assist in window creation. The problem is, since GLFW3 is so new, there are no tutorials on it or how to use it with modern OpenGL (3.3, specifically). Using the GLFW3 tutorial found on the website, which uses older OpenGL rendering (glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES), glVertex3f(), and such), I can get a triangle to render to the screen. The problem is, using new OpenGL, I can't get the same triangle to render to the screen. I am new to OpenGL, and GLFW3 is new to most people, so I may be completely missing something obvious, but here is my code: static const GLuint g_vertex_buffer_data[] = { -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f }; int main(void) { GLFWwindow* window; if(!glfwInit()) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize GLFW."); return -1; } glfwWindowHint(GLFW_SAMPLES, 4); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE); window = glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, "Test Window", NULL, NULL); if(!window) { glfwTerminate(); fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create a GLFW window"); return -1; } glfwMakeContextCurrent(window); glewExperimental = GL_TRUE; GLenum err = glewInit(); if(err != GLEW_OK) { glfwTerminate(); fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize GLEW"); fprintf(stderr, (char*)glewGetErrorString(err)); return -1; } GLuint VertexArrayID; glGenVertexArrays(1, &VertexArrayID); glBindVertexArray(VertexArrayID); GLuint programID = LoadShaders("SimpleVertexShader.glsl", "SimpleFragmentShader.glsl"); GLuint vertexBuffer; glGenBuffers(1, &vertexBuffer); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBuffer); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(g_vertex_buffer_data), g_vertex_buffer_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW); while(!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glUseProgram(programID); glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBuffer); glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*)0); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); glDisableVertexAttribArray(0); glfwSwapBuffers(window); glfwPollEvents(); } glDeleteBuffers(1, &vertexBuffer); glDeleteProgram(programID); glfwDestroyWindow(window); glfwTerminate(); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); } I know it is not my shaders, they are super simple and I've checked them against GLFW 2.7 so I know that they work. I'm assuming that I've missed something crucial to using the OpenGL context with GLFW3, so any help locating the problem would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Ogre3D : seeking advices about game files management

    - by Tibor
    I'm working on a new game, and its related level editor, based on Ogre3D. I was thinking about how i could manage the game files, knowing that Ogre use .mesh files for models, .material for materials/texture information etc... . At first i thought about a common .zip folder decompressed at runtime (the same way Torchlight and Ogre samples do). But this way the game assets become a monolithic archive, loading takes time, and could be difficult to eventually patch them. So, let's say i have a game object named "Cube" i want to load in my program. Going for modularity, what if i create a compressed file (using zlib compression routines) named Cube.extname, containing its sub-files Cube.mesh, Cube.material and so on ? Are there any alternatives or should i stick with compressed objects? PS: Just to clear things, the answer is unrelated to my program code, at the moment i'm using "resources.cfg" pointing to the OgreSDK media directory.

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