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• The best way to structure/design game code

  - by Edward

  My question is quite broad and related to the 2D game code design/architecture/structure. Usually the main game consists of the main loop where you update & render your world states. However, it's recommended for many purposes to separate rendering from the game-logic and so on. I am kinda confused about the whole situation. Many game engines/libs/sdks don't follow separation schema. They propagate a way where you define some scenes/stages and they contain some objects and the scene/stage controls the user input and so on. For example, in cocos2d(-x) and libgdx (stage2d) the games are usually done the way that the update logic happens at the same time/place as rendering. Also, the propagated way is to have a structure where an object knows how to draw itself - which is not a separation of updating & rendering. The same with Flash based games, they are usually done the way when an object (class) contains a swf or a texture and some data and holds some update logic itself, or updated from main Scene. And again this object already knows how to draw itself via "addChild". Also, some people recommend to use MVC pattern, which will require to completely obey the structure of those engines/libs/sdks. Maybe I am overthinking everything, but I am totally confused. I would be grateful if somebody could point me to a correct direction with the game code structures. What is your way of doing things in libgdx/cocos2d/flash?

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• XNA - Finding boundaries in isometric tilemap

  - by Yheeky

  I have an issue with my 2D isometric engine. I'm using my own 2D camera class which works with matrices and need to find the tilemaps boundaries so the user always sees the map. Currently my map size is 100x100 (with 128x128 tiles) so the calculation (e.g. for the right boundary) is: var maxX = (TileMap.MapWidth + 1) * (TileMap.TileWidth / 2) - ViewSize.X; var maxX = (100 + 1) * (128 / 2) - 1360; // = 5104 pixels. This works fine while having scale factor of 1.0f but not for any other zoom factor. When I zoom out to 0.9f the right border should be at approx. 4954. I´m using the following code for transformation but I always get a wrong value: var maxXVector = new Vector2(maxX, 0); var maxXTransformed = Vector2.Transform(maxXVector, tempTransform).X; The result is 4593. Does anyone of you have an idea what I´m during wrong? Thanks for your help! Yheeky

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• GameState management hierarchical FSM vs stack based FSM

  - by user8363

  I'm reading a bit on Finite State Machines to handle game states (or screens). I would like to build a rather decent FSM that can handle multiple screens. e.g. while the game is running I want to be able to pop-up an ingame menu and when that happens the main screen must stop updating (the game is paused) but must still be visible in the background. However when I open an inventory pop-up the main screen must be visible and continue updating etc. I'm a bit confused about the difference in implementation and functionality between hierarchical FSM's and FSM's that handle a stack of states instead. Are they basically the same? Or are there important differences?

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• Dynamic obstacles avoidance in navigation mesh system

  - by Variable

  I've built my path finding system with unreal engine, somehow the path finding part works just fine while i can't find a proper way to solve dynamic obstacles avoidance problem. My characters are walking allover the map and collide with each other while they moving. I try to steering them when collision occurs, but this doesn't work well. For example, two characters block on the road while the third one's path is right in the middle of them and he'll get stuck. Can someone tell me the most popular way of doing dynamic avoidance? Thanks a lot.

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• How to efficiently render resizable GUI elements in DirectX?

  - by PolGraphic

  I wonder what would be most efficient way to render the GUI elements. When we're talking about constant-size elements (that can still be moving), the textures' atlas seems to be good. But what with the resizeable elements? Let's say the panel (with textured borders)? Is there any better way than just render 9 rectangles with textures on them (I guess one texture and different textures coordinates for left-top corner, border, middle etc. used in shader)?

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• Game Timer In C++

  - by user1870398

  I need to be able to find out how many milliseconds since that last update. Is there any way I can find it out with time rather then a thread that counts like I did below? #include <iostream> #include<windows.h> #include<time.h> #include<process.h> using namespace std; int Timer = 0; int LastTimer = 0; bool End = false; void Update(int Ticks) { } void UpdateTimer() { while (true) { LastTimer = Timer; Timer++; Sleep(1); if (End) break; } } int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE par1, HINSTANCE par2, LPSTR par3, int par4) { _beginthread(UpdateTimer, 0, NULL); while(true) { if (Timer == 1000) Timer = 0; Update(Timer - LastTimer); } }

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• ArchBeat Link-o-Rama for 2012-09-19

  - by Bob Rhubart

  BPM Process Accelerator Packs – Update | Pat Shepherd Architect Pat Shepherd shares several resources relevant to the new Oracle Process Accelerators for Oracle Business Process Management. Oracle BI EE Management Pack Now Available for Oracle Enterprise Manager 12cR2 | Mark Rittman A handy and informative overview from Oracle ACE Director Mark Rittman. WebSockets on WebLogic Server | Steve Button "As there's no standard WebSocket Java API at this point, we've chosen to model the API on the Grizzly WebSocket API with some minor changes where necessary," says James "Buttso" Buttons. "Once the results of JSR-356 (Java API for WebSocket) becomes public, we'll look to implement and support that." Oracle Reference Architecture: Software Engineering This document from the IT Strategies from Oracle library focuses on integrated asset management and the need for efffective asset metadata management to insure that assets are properly tracked and reused in a manner that provides a holistic functional view of the enterprise. The tipping point for cloud management is nigh | Cloud Computing - InfoWorld "Businesses typically don't think too much about managing IT resources until they become too numerous and cumbersome to deal with on an ad hoc basis—a point many companies will soon hit in their adoption of cloud computing." — David Linthicum DevOps Basics: Track Down High CPU Thread with ps, top and the new JDK7 jcmd Tool | Frank Munz "The approach is very generic and works for WebLogic, Glassfish or any other Java application," say Frank Munz. "UNIX commands in the example are run on CentOS, so they will work without changes for Oracle Enterprise Linux or RedHat. Creating the thread dump at the end of the video is done with the jcmd tool from JDK7." Frank has captured the process in the posted video. OIM 11g R2 UI customization | Daniel Gralewski "OIM user interface customizations are easier now, and they survive patch applications--there is no need to reapply them after patching," says Fusion Middleware A-Team member Daniel Gralewski. "Adding new artifacts, new skins, and plugging code directly into the user interface components became an easier task." Daniel shows just how easy in this post. Thought for the Day "I have yet to see any problem, however complicated, which, when looked at in the right way, did not become still more complicated." — Poul Anderson (November 25, 1926 – July 31, 2001) Source: SoftwareQuotes.com

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• openfeint or gamecenter?

  - by Gajet

  which one has more potential customers, easier API, and wider feature list? i'm going to develop implement one of those two for highscore recording in my game which ones gives more advantages? and by the way I might be going to port my game to android, so if you know any thing that can help me not to rewrite my code (for example a C++ wrapper for both of them) that would mean a greate plus for openfeint in my point of veiw.

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• How can I view an R32G32B32 texture?

  - by bobobobo

  I have a texture with R32G32B32 floats. I create this texture in-program on D3D11, using DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT. Now I need to see the texture data for debug purposes, but it will not save to anything but dds, showing the error in debug output, "Can't find matching WIC format, please save this file to a DDS". So, I write it to DDS but I can't open it now! The DirectX texture tool says "An error occurred trying to open that file". I know the texture is working because I can read it in the GPU and the colors seem correct. How can I view an R32G32B32 texture in an image viewer?

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• Trying to implement fling events on an object

  - by Adam Short

  I have a game object, well a bitmap, which I'd like to "fling". I'm struggling to get it to fling ontouchlistener due to it being a bitmap and not sure how to proceed and I'm struggling to find the resources to help. Here's my code so far: https://github.com/addrum/Shapes GameActivity class: package com.main.shapes; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Context; import android.graphics.Bitmap; import android.graphics.BitmapFactory; import android.graphics.Canvas; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.GestureDetector; import android.view.MotionEvent; import android.view.SurfaceHolder; import android.view.SurfaceView; import android.view.View.OnTouchListener; import android.view.Window; public class GameActivity extends Activity { private GestureDetector gestureDetector; View view; Bitmap ball; float x, y; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); //Remove title bar this.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE); view = new View(this); ball = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.ball); gestureDetector = new GestureDetector(this, new GestureListener()); x = 0; y = 0; setContentView(view); ball.setOnTouchListener(new OnTouchListener() { @Override public boolean onTouch(android.view.View v, MotionEvent event) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return false; } }); } @Override protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); view.pause(); } @Override protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); view.resume(); } public class View extends SurfaceView implements Runnable { Thread thread = null; SurfaceHolder holder; boolean canRun = false; public View(Context context) { super(context); holder = getHolder(); } public void run() { while (canRun) { if (!holder.getSurface().isValid()) { continue; } Canvas c = holder.lockCanvas(); c.drawARGB(255, 255, 255, 255); c.drawBitmap(ball, x - (ball.getWidth() / 2), y - (ball.getHeight() / 2), null); holder.unlockCanvasAndPost(c); } } public void pause() { canRun = false; while (true) { try { thread.join(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } break; } thread = null; } public void resume() { canRun = true; thread = new Thread(this); thread.start(); } } } GestureListener class: package com.main.shapes; import android.view.GestureDetector.SimpleOnGestureListener; import android.view.MotionEvent; public class GestureListener extends SimpleOnGestureListener { private static final int SWIPE_MIN_DISTANCE = 120; private static final int SWIPE_THRESHOLD_VELOCITY = 200; @Override public boolean onFling(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2, float velocityX, float velocityY) { if (e1.getX() - e2.getX() > SWIPE_MIN_DISTANCE && Math.abs(velocityX) > SWIPE_THRESHOLD_VELOCITY) { //From Right to Left return true; } else if (e2.getX() - e1.getX() > SWIPE_MIN_DISTANCE && Math.abs(velocityX) > SWIPE_THRESHOLD_VELOCITY) { //From Left to Right return true; } if (e1.getY() - e2.getY() > SWIPE_MIN_DISTANCE && Math.abs(velocityY) > SWIPE_THRESHOLD_VELOCITY) { //From Bottom to Top return true; } else if (e2.getY() - e1.getY() > SWIPE_MIN_DISTANCE && Math.abs(velocityY) > SWIPE_THRESHOLD_VELOCITY) { //From Top to Bottom return true; } return false; } @Override public boolean onDown(MotionEvent e) { //always return true since all gestures always begin with onDown and<br> //if this returns false, the framework won't try to pick up onFling for example. return true; } }

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• Including slick2d or slick-util in maven build?

  - by BotskoNet

  I'm converting a project to lwjgl and trying to use slick-util as well. There's no slick-util maven repo anywhere (nor slick2d itself anymore). I've included local dependancies before using <dependency> <groupId>org.newdawn</groupId> <artifactId>slick</artifactId> <version>237</version> <scope>system</scope> <systemPath>${project.basedir}/lib/slick-util.jar</systemPath> </dependency> The maven package process runs without issue, but when I try to run the jar, it errors out with a ClassNotFoundException. There's no mention of slick-util in the manifest and I can't find out how to make my game load that jar properly. Side question: how do I ensure when I distribute my applications, the game properly installs these libraries?

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• Why is my Simplex Noise appearing in four columns?

  - by Joe the Person

  I'm trying to make a Texture out of Simplex noise, but it keeps appearing like this regardless of how big or small scale is: The following code is used to produce the image's color date: private Color[,] GetSimplex() { Color[,] colors = new Color[800, 600]; float scale = colors.GetLength(0); for (int x = 0; x < 800; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < 600; y++) { byte noise = (byte)(Noise.Generate(x / scale, y / scale) * 255); colors[x, y] = new Color(noise, noise, noise); } } return colors; }

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• Which are the cons of using only non-member functions and POD?

  - by Miro

  I'm creating my own game engine. I've read these articles and this question about DOD and it was written to not use member functions and classes. I also heard some criticism to this idea. I can write it using member functions or non-member functions it would be similar. So what are the benefits/cons of that approach or when the project grows, does any of these approaches give clearer and better manageable code? With POD & non-member functions I don't have to make struct members public I can still use object id outside of engine like OpenGL does with all it's stuff, so It's not about encapsulation. POD - plain old data DOD - data oriented design

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• Summary of the Solaris 11 webcast's livechat QnA session

  - by Karoly Vegh

  This is a followup post to the previous summary on the "What's new with Solaris 11 since the launch" webcast. That webcast has had a chatroom for a live Questions and Answers session running. I went through the archive of those and compiled a list of some of the (IMHO) most relevant and most frequently asked questions, I'd like to share. This is the first part, covering the QnA of Session I and II of the webcast, in a followup post we can have a look of the rest of the sessions if required - let me know in the comments. Also, should you have questions, as usual, feel free to ask those there, too.  ...and here come the answered questions:  When will Exadata be based on Solaris in place of Oracle Enterprise Linux?Exadata offers both Solaris 11 or Oracle Enterprise Linux.  The choice can be made at deployment time based on your OS needs.What are all other benefits and futures avilable in solaris 11 (cloud O.S.) compared to cloud based Red Hat Linux and Windows?suggest you check out our cloud white paper for a view of this. Also the OTN Solaris 11 page has some good articles. Here are the links:  http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solaris11/documentation/o11-106-sol11-cloud-501066.pdf http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solaris11/overview/index.htmlWill 11.1 have a more complete IPS respository for Oracle and FOSS software?Yes, we are adding additional packages to the various package repositories. Since Solaris 11 was launched, both the Oracle Solaris Studio tools as well as Oracle Solaris Cluster have been made available along with numerous new FOSS packages. We will continue to be adding additional Oracle products and open source packages in the future. Will Exadata be based on Sparc in place of intel-amd x86 in next future ?We can't publically discuss futures, but we actually have a SPARC version of Exadata today, it's called SuperCluster, this is such a powerfull multipurpose system that it actually have multiple personalities built into one system: Exadata, Exalogic, and it can be a general purpose platform if you want. Have I understood this right? Livepatching KSplice-style is coming to Solaris 11 too?We're looking at that for certain types of Solaris patches in the future.Will there be a security framework like SST/JASS for Solaris 11?We can't talk about the future projects on a public forum, but we recognize the need for SST/JASS and want to address this as soon as possible. On the other side there are a whole bunch of "best practices" that are now embedded into Solaris 11 by default, so out of the box Solaris 11 should already address part of what SST/JASS gave you. (For example we did a lot of work on improving the auditing performance so that we can now have it turned on by default). On x86 can install VirtualBox in a Zone and use that to host other OSes.Yes, this was one of the first things we made sure would work when we acquired VirtualBox when we were still Sun Microsystems. If I have a Solaris 11 Control Domain on a T-series, can I run a Solaris 10 Ldom with Solaris 8 branded containers?Yes, you can.Is Oracle Solaris free or do we need to purchase?Solaris is free, the entitlement to run it comes either with a Sun system (new or historical) or for 3rd party systems the entitlement comes with a support contract. Note that for production use you will be expected to get a support contract. If you don't want to use the Solaris system (Sun or 3rd party) for production use (i.e. development) you can get an OTN license on the Oracle Technical Network website. Will encryption and deduplication both work on a share?This should work at the same time. What approaches does Solaris use to monitor usage?There are many different tools in Solaris to monitor usage. The main ones are the "stats" (vmstat, mpstat, prstat, ...), the kstat interface, and DTrace (to get details you couldn't see before). And then there are layered tools that can interface with these tools (Ops Center, BMC, CA, Tivoli, ...) Apart little-endian, big-endian how is it easy to port Solaris applications on Sparc to x86 and vice-versa ?Very easy. Except for certain hardware specific applications (those that utilize hardware specific drivers), all of the same Oracle Solaris APIs exist for all architectures. Is IPS based patching aware of the fact that zones can reside on ZFS and move from one physical server to another ?IPS is definitely aware of zones and uses ZFS to support boot environments for non-global zones in the same way that's used for the global zone. With respect to moving a zone from one physical server to another, Solaris 11 supports to the same zone attach/deattach method that was introduced in Solaris 10. Is vnic support in Ldoms planned?This is currently being investigated for a future LDOM release. Is it possible with the new patching system to build a system later with the same patch level as a system built a few months earlier?Yes, you can choose/define exactly which version should go to the system and it will always put the same bits in place. The technical answer is that you choose the version of the "entire" package you want on the system and the rest flows from there. Is it in the plans to allow zones to add/remove zpools to running zones dynamically in future updates?Work in this area is currently under investigation. Any plans to realese Solaris 11 source code? i.e. opensolaris?We currently can't comment on publicly releasing the source code. If you need/want this access please let your Oracle account team know. What about VirtualBox and Solaris11 for virtualization?Solaris 11 works great with VirtualBox, as both a client and a host system. Will Oracle DB software eventually be supplied as IPS packages? When?We don't have a date yet but this is actively being worked on. What are the new artifacts in Oracle Solaris 11 than the previous versions?There are quite a few actually. The best start is to look at our "Evaluate Solaris 11" page, and there you also can find a Transition Guide. http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solaris11/overview/evaluate-1530234.html So, this seems just like RedHat's YUM environment?IPS offers certain features beyond those in YUM or other packaging systems. For example, IPS works with ZFS and Solaris Boot Environments to provide a safe environment for software lifecycle management so that changes can be reverted by switching to an older boot environment. With Zones on solaris 11, can I do paravirtualitation?The great thing about zones is you don't *need* paravirtualization. You're making the same direct kernel calls that you would outside of a zone.  It's an incredibly significant performance win over hypervisor-based virtualization. Are zones/containers officially supported to run Oracle Databases?  EBIZ?Hi Calvin, the answer is yes, here is the support matrix for DB:  http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/virtualizationmatrix-172995.html I've found some nasty bugs in Solaris 11 (one of which today) that have been fixed in community forks (i.e., Illumos). Will Oracle ever restart collaboration with the community?We continue to work with the community, just not as open on all projects as we did before (For example IPS is an open project) and the source of more than half of the Solaris packages is posted on our opensource websites. I can't comment on what we will do in the future. And with regards to bugs please file them through the support organization and we will get them resolved. Is zpool vdev removal on-the fly now possible ?This issue is actively being investigated although we don't have a date for when this feature will be available. Is pgstat now the official replacement for corestat ?It's intended to provide similar functionality Where are the opensource website?For Oracle Solaris, visit http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/opensource/systems-solaris-1562786.html As a cloud-scale virtualization, is it going to be easier to move zones between machines? maybe even automatic in case of a hardware failure?Hi Gashaw, we already have customers that have implemented what they refer to as "flying zones" that they can move around very easily. They use Solaris Cluster to do this. What about VMware vMotion like feature?We have secure live migration with both Logical Domains on SPARC T series systems, and with Oracle VM on x86 systems. When running Solaris 10/11 on an enterprise server with a lot of zones, what are best practises commands to show the system is running fine? (has enough hardware resources). For example CPU / Memory / I/O / system load. What are the recommended values?For Solaris 11, look into the new zonestat(1M) command that provides a great deal of information about zone utilization. In addition, there is new work underway in providing additional observability in areas such as per-zone file system I/O. Java optimizations done with Solaris 11? For X86 platforms too? Where can I find more detail about this?There is lots of work that go into optimizing Java for Oracle Solaris 10 & 11 on both SPARC and x86. See http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/servers-storage-dev/solarisforjavadevelop-168642.pdf What is meant by "ZFS Shadow Migration"?It's a way to migrate data from another file system to ZFS: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E23824_01/html/E24456/filesystem-3.html Is flash archive available with S11?Flash archive is not.  There is a procedure for disaster recovery, and we're working on a modern archive-based deployment tool for a future update.  The disaster recovery tool is here: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/servers-storage-admin/o11-091-sol-dis-recovery-489183.html  You can also use Distribution Constructor to build common golden images. Will solaris 11 be available on the ODA soon?The idea's under evaluation -- we'll share your interest with the team. What steps can be taken to ensure that breaches of security are identified quickly?There are a number of tools, including the "bart" tool and "pkg verify" to ensure that software has not been compromised.  Solaris Audit can also be used to detect unauthorized access.  You can also use Immutable Zones to protect against compromise.  There are a wide variety of security tools, and I've covered only a few. What is the relation from solaris to java 7 speed optimization?There is constant work done between the Oracle Solaris and Java teams on performance optimizations. See http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/vm/performance-enhancements-7.html for examples. What is the difference in the Solaris 11 installation compared to solaris 10 ? where i can find the document describing basic repository concepts ?The best place to start is: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solaris11/index.html Hope you found the post useful. For questions, input, requests for the second half of the QnA, please find the comment section below.  -- charlie  

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• 2D isometric: screen to tile coordinates

  - by Dr_Asik

  I'm writing an isometric 2D game and I'm having difficulty figuring precisely on which tile the cursor is. Here's a drawing: where xs and ys are screen coordinates (pixels), xt and yt are tile coordinates, W and H are tile width and tile height in pixels, respectively. My notation for coordinates is (y, x) which may be confusing, sorry about that. The best I could figure out so far is this: int xtemp = xs / (W / 2); int ytemp = ys / (H / 2); int xt = (xs - ys) / 2; int yt = ytemp + xt; This seems almost correct but is giving me a very imprecise result, making it hard to select certain tiles, or sometimes it selects a tile next to the one I'm trying to click on. I don't understand why and I'd like if someone could help me understand the logic behind this. Thanks!

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• IrrKlang with Ogre

  - by Vinnie

  I'm trying to set up sound in my Ogre3D project. I have installed irrKlang 1.4.0 and added it's include and lib directories to my projects VC++ Include and Library directories, but I'm still getting a Linker error when I attempt to build. Any suggestions? (Error 4007 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) class irrklang::ISoundEngine * __cdecl irrklang::createIrrKlangDevice(enum irrklang::E_SOUND_OUTPUT_DRIVER,int,char const *,char const *)" (_imp?createIrrKlangDevice@irrklang@@YAPAVISoundEngine@1@W4E_SOUND_OUTPUT_DRIVER@1@HPBD1@Z) referenced in function "public: __thiscall SoundManager::SoundManager(void)" (??0SoundManager@@QAE@XZ)

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• GUI device for throwing a ball

  - by Fredrik Johansson

  The hero has a ball, which shall be thrown with accuracy in a court on iPhone/iPad. The player is seen from above, in a 2D view. In game play, the player reach is between 1/15 and 1/6 of the height of the iPhone screen. The player will run, and try to outmaneuver his opponent, and then throw the ball at a specific location, which is guarded by the opponent (which is also shown on the screen). The player is controlled by a joystick, and that works ok, but how shall I control the stick? Maybe someone can propose a third control method? I've tried the following two approaches: Joystick: Hero has a reach of 1 meter, and this reach is marked with a semi-opaque circle around the player. The ball can be moved by a joystick. When the joystick is moved south, the ball is moved south within the reach circle. There is a direct coupling with the joystick and the position of the ball. I.e. when the joystick is moved max south, the ball is max south within the player reach. At each touch update the speed is calculated, and the Box2d ball position and ball speed are updated. NB, the ball will never be moved outside the reach as long as the player push the joystick. The ball is thrown by swiping the joystick to make the ball move, and then releasing the joystick. At release, the ball will get a smoothed speed of the joystick. Joystick Problem: The throwing accuracy gets bad, because the joystick can not be that big, and a small movement results in quite a large movement of the ball. If the user does not release before the end of the joystick maximum end point, the ball will stop, and when the user releases the joystick the speed of the ball will be zero. Bad... Touch pad A force is applied to the ball by a sweep on a touchpad. The ball is released when the sweep is ended, or when the ball is moved outside the player reach. As there is no one to one mapping between the swipe and the ball position, the precision can be improved. A large swipe can result in a small ball movement. Touch Pad Problem A touchpad is less intuitive. Users do not seem to know what to do with the touch pad. Some tap the touchpad, and then the ball just falls to the ground. As there is no one-to-one mapping, the ball can be moved outside the reach, and then it will just fall to the ground. It's a bit hard to control the ball, especially if the player also moves.

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• How do I simplify terrain with tunnels or overhangs?

  - by KKlouzal

  I'm attempting to store vertex data in a quadtree with C++, such that far-away vertices can be combined to simplify the object and speed up rendering. This works well with a reasonably flat mesh, but what about terrain with overhangs or tunnels? How should I represent such a mesh in a quadtree? After the initial generation, each mesh is roughly 130,000 polygons and about 300 of these meshes are lined up to create the surface of a planetary body. A fully generated planet is upwards of 10,000,000 polygons before applying any culling to the individual meshes. Therefore, this second optimization is vital for the project. The rest of my confusion focuses around my inexperience with vertex data: How do I properly loop through the vertex data to group them into specific quads? How do I conclude from vertex data what a quad's maximum size should be? How many quads should the quadtree include?

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• libgdx ActorGestureListener.pan() parameters not moving actor in smooth line

  - by Roar Skullestad

  I override the pan method in ActorGestureListener to implement dragging actors in libgdx (scene2d). When I move individual pieces on a board they move smoothly, but when moving the whole board, the x and y coordinates that is sent to pan is "jumping", and in an increasingly amount the longer it is dragged. These are an example of the deltaY coordinates sent to pan when dragging smoothly downwards: 1.1156368 -0.13125038 -1.0500145 0.98439217 -1.0500202 0.91877174 -0.984396 0.9187679 -0.98439026 0.9187641 -0.13125038 This is how I move the camera: public void pan (InputEvent event, float x, float y, float deltaX, float deltaY) { cam.translate(-deltaX, -deltaY); I have been using both the delta values sent to pan and the real position values, but similar results. And since it is the coordinates that are wrong, it doesn't matter whether I move the board itself or the camera. What could the cause be for this and what is the solution? When I move camera only half the delta-values, it moves smoothly but only at half the speed of the mouse pointer: cam.translate(-deltaX / 2, -deltaY / 2); It seems like the moving of camera or board affects the mouse input coordinates. How can I drag at "mouse speed" and still get smooth movements? (This question was also posted on stackoverflow: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/20693020/libgdx-actorgesturelistener-pan-parameters-not-moving-actor-in-smooth-line)

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• Collision Detection on floor tiles Isometric game

  - by Anivrom

  I am having a very hard to time figuring out a bug in my code. It should have taken me 20 minutes but instead I've been working on it for over 12 hours. I am writing a isometric tile based game where the characters can walk freely amongst the tiles, but not be able to cross over to certain tiles that have a collides flag. Sounds easy enough, just check ahead of where the player is going to move using a Screen Coordinates to Tile method and check the tiles array using our returned xy indexes to see if its collidable or not. if its not, then don't move the character. The problem I'm having is my Screen to Tile method isn't spitting out the proper X,Y tile indexes. This method works flawlessly for selecting tiles with the mouse. NOTE: My X tiles go from left to right, and my Y tiles go from up to down. Reversed from some examples on the net. Here's the relevant code: public Vector2 ScreentoTile(Vector2 screenPoint) { //Vector2 is just a object with x and y float properties //camOffsetX,Y are my camera values that I use to shift everything but the //current camera target when the target moves //tilescale = 128, screenheight = 480, the -46 offset is to center // vertically + 16 px for some extra gfx in my tile png Vector2 tileIndex = new Vector2(-1,-1); screenPoint.x -= camOffsetX; screenPoint.y = screenHeight - screenPoint.y - camOffsetY - 46; tileIndex.x = (screenPoint.x / tileScale) + (screenPoint.y / (tileScale / 2)); tileIndex.y = (screenPoint.x / tileScale) - (screenPoint.y / (tileScale / 2)); return tileIndex; } The method that calls this code is: private void checkTileTouched () { if (Gdx.input.justTouched()) { if (last.x >= 0 && last.x < levelWidth && last.y >= 0 && last.y < levelHeight) { if (lastSelectedTile != null) lastSelectedTile.setColor(1, 1, 1, 1); Sprite sprite = levelTiles[(int) last.x][(int) last.y].sprite; sprite.setColor(0, 0.3f, 0, 1); lastSelectedTile = sprite; } } if (touchDown) { float moveX=0,moveY=0; Vector2 pos = new Vector2(); if (player.direction == direction_left) { moveX = -(player.moveSpeed); moveY = -(player.moveSpeed / 2); Gdx.app.log("Movement", String.valueOf("left")); } else if (player.direction == direction_upleft) { moveX = -(player.moveSpeed); moveY = 0; Gdx.app.log("Movement", String.valueOf("upleft")); } else if (player.direction == direction_up) { moveX = -(player.moveSpeed); moveY = player.moveSpeed / 2; Gdx.app.log("Movement", String.valueOf("up")); } else if (player.direction == direction_upright) { moveX = 0; moveY = player.moveSpeed; Gdx.app.log("Movement", String.valueOf("upright")); } else if (player.direction == direction_right) { moveX = player.moveSpeed; moveY = player.moveSpeed / 2; Gdx.app.log("Movement", String.valueOf("right")); } else if (player.direction == direction_downright) { moveX = player.moveSpeed; moveY = 0; Gdx.app.log("Movement", String.valueOf("downright")); } else if (player.direction == direction_down) { moveX = player.moveSpeed; moveY = -(player.moveSpeed / 2); Gdx.app.log("Movement", String.valueOf("down")); } else if (player.direction == direction_downleft) { moveX = 0; moveY = -(player.moveSpeed); Gdx.app.log("Movement", String.valueOf("downleft")); } //Player.moveSpeed is 1 //tileObjects.x is drawn in the center of the screen (400px,240px) // the sprite width is 64, height is 128 testX = moveX * 10; testY = moveY * 10; testX += tileObjects.get(player.zIndex).x + tileObjects.get(player.zIndex).sprite.getWidth() / 2; testY += tileObjects.get(player.zIndex).y + tileObjects.get(player.zIndex).sprite.getHeight() / 2; moveX += tileObjects.get(player.zIndex).x + tileObjects.get(player.zIndex).sprite.getWidth() / 2; moveY += tileObjects.get(player.zIndex).y + tileObjects.get(player.zIndex).sprite.getHeight() / 2; pos = ScreentoTile(new Vector2(moveX,moveY)); Vector2 pos2 = ScreentoTile(new Vector2(testX,testY)); if (!levelTiles[(int) pos2.x][(int) pos2.y].collides) { Vector2 newPlayerPos = ScreentoTile(new Vector2(moveX,moveY)); CenterOnCoord(moveX,moveY); player.tileX = (int)newPlayerPos.x; player.tileY = (int)newPlayerPos.y; } } } When the player is moving to the left (downleft-ish from the viewers point of view), my Pos2 X values decrease as expected but pos2 isnt checking ahead on the x tiles, it is checking ahead on the Y tiles(as if we were moving DOWN, not left), and vice versa, if the player moves down, it will check ahead on the X values (as if we are moving LEFT, instead of DOWN). instead of the Y values. I understand this is probably the most confusing and horribly written post ever, but I'm confused myself so I'm having a hard time explaining it to others lol. if you need more information please ask!! I'm so frustrated after over 12 hours of working on it I'm about to give up.

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• Basic tutorial/introduction for 3d matrices, idealy in c++, without openGl or directX

  - by René Nyffenegger

  I am wondering if there is a simple tutorial that covers the basics of how to initialize rotation, translation and projection matrices, and how to multiply them, and how to get the screen coordinates afterwards for a 3d point. Idealy, the tutorial comes with compilable code and is not dependent on any 3rd party library. Searching the internet, I found lots of tutorials, so this is not the problem. Yet, it seemed all of these either covered openGl or directX, or they were theoretical in nature.

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• Loading Wavefront Data into VAO and Render It

  - by Jordan LaPrise

  I have successfully loaded a triangulated wavefront(.obj) into 6 vectors, the first 3 vectors contain the locations for vertices, uv coords, and normals. The last three have the indices stored for each of the faces. I have been looking into using VAO's and VBO's to render, and I'm not quite sure how to load and render the data. One of my biggest concerns is the fact that indexed rendering only allows you to have one array of indices, meaning I somehow have to make all of the first three vectors the same size, the only way I thought of doing this, is to make 3 new vertex's of equal size, and load in the data for each face, but that would completely defeat the purpose of indexing. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks in advance, Jordan

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• Maintaining State in Mud Engine

  - by Johnathon Sullinger

  I am currently working on a Mud Engine and have started implementing my state engine. One of the things that has me troubled is maintaining different states at once. For instance, lets say that the user has started a tutorial, which requires specific input. If the user types "help" I want to switch in to a help state, so they can get the help they need, then return them to the original state once exiting the help. my state system uses a State Manager to manage the state per user: public class StateManager { /// <summary> /// Gets the current state. /// </summary> public IState CurrentState { get; private set; } /// <summary> /// Gets the states available for use. /// </summary> /// <value> public List<IState> States { get; private set; } /// <summary> /// Gets the commands available. /// </summary> public List<ICommand> Commands { get; private set; } /// <summary> /// Gets the mob that this manager controls the state of. /// </summary> public IMob Mob { get; private set; } public void Initialize(IMob mob, IState initialState = null) { this.Mob = mob; if (initialState != null) { this.SwitchState(initialState); } } /// <summary> /// Performs the command. /// </summary> /// <param name="message">The message.</param> public void PerformCommand(IMessage message) { if (this.CurrentState != null) { ICommand command = this.CurrentState.GetCommand(message); if (command is NoOpCommand) { // NoOperation commands indicate that the current state is not finished yet. this.CurrentState.Render(this.Mob); } else if (command != null) { command.Execute(this.Mob); } else if (command == null) { new InvalidCommand().Execute(this.Mob); } } } /// <summary> /// Switches the state. /// </summary> /// <param name="state">The state.</param> public void SwitchState(IState state) { if (this.CurrentState != null) { this.CurrentState.Cleanup(); } this.CurrentState = state; if (state != null) { this.CurrentState.Render(this.Mob); } } } Each of the different states that the user can be in, is a Type implementing IState. public interface IState { /// <summary> /// Renders the current state to the players terminal. /// </summary> /// <param name="player">The player to render to</param> void Render(IMob mob); /// <summary> /// Gets the Command that the player entered and preps it for execution. /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> ICommand GetCommand(IMessage command); /// <summary> /// Cleanups this instance during a state change. /// </summary> void Cleanup(); } Example state: public class ConnectState : IState { /// <summary> /// The connected player /// </summary> private IMob connectedPlayer; public void Render(IMob mob) { if (!(mob is IPlayer)) { throw new NullReferenceException("ConnectState can only be used with a player object implementing IPlayer"); } //Store a reference for the GetCommand() method to use. this.connectedPlayer = mob as IPlayer; var server = mob.Game as IServer; var game = mob.Game as IGame; // It is not guaranteed that mob.Game will implement IServer. We are only guaranteed that it will implement IGame. if (server == null) { throw new NullReferenceException("LoginState can only be set to a player object that is part of a server."); } //Output the game information mob.Send(new InformationalMessage(game.Name)); mob.Send(new InformationalMessage(game.Description)); mob.Send(new InformationalMessage(string.Empty)); //blank line //Output the server MOTD information mob.Send(new InformationalMessage(string.Join("\n", server.MessageOfTheDay))); mob.Send(new InformationalMessage(string.Empty)); //blank line mob.StateManager.SwitchState(new LoginState()); } /// <summary> /// Gets the command. /// </summary> /// <param name="message">The message.</param> /// <returns>Returns no operation required.</returns> public Commands.ICommand GetCommand(IMessage message) { return new NoOpCommand(); } /// <summary> /// Cleanups this instance during a state change. /// </summary> public void Cleanup() { // We have nothing to clean up. return; } } With the way that I have my FSM set up at the moment, the user can only ever have one state at a time. I read a few different posts on here about state management but nothing regarding keeping a stack history. I thought about using a Stack collection, and just pushing new states on to the stack then popping them off as the user moves out from one. It seems like it would work, but I'm not sure if it is the best approach to take. I'm looking for recommendations on this. I'm currently swapping state from within the individual states themselves as well which I'm on the fence about if it makes sense to do there or not. The user enters a command, the StateManager passes the command to the current State and lets it determine if it needs it (like passing in a password after entering a user name), if the state doesn't need any further commands, it returns null. If it does need to continue doing work, it returns a No Operation to let the state manager know that the state still requires further input from the user. If null is returned, the state manager will then go find the appropriate state for the command entered by the user. Example state requiring additional input from the user public class LoginState : IState { /// <summary> /// The connected player /// </summary> private IPlayer connectedPlayer; private enum CurrentState { FetchUserName, FetchPassword, InvalidUser, } private CurrentState currentState; /// <summary> /// Renders the current state to the players terminal. /// </summary> /// <param name="mob"></param> /// <exception cref="System.NullReferenceException"> /// ConnectState can only be used with a player object implementing IPlayer /// or /// LoginState can only be set to a player object that is part of a server. /// </exception> public void Render(IMob mob) { if (!(mob is IPlayer)) { throw new NullReferenceException("ConnectState can only be used with a player object implementing IPlayer"); } //Store a reference for the GetCommand() method to use. this.connectedPlayer = mob as IPlayer; var server = mob.Game as IServer; // Register to receive new input from the user. mob.ReceivedMessage += connectedPlayer_ReceivedMessage; if (server == null) { throw new NullReferenceException("LoginState can only be set to a player object that is part of a server."); } this.currentState = CurrentState.FetchUserName; switch (this.currentState) { case CurrentState.FetchUserName: mob.Send(new InputMessage("Please enter your user name")); break; case CurrentState.FetchPassword: mob.Send(new InputMessage("Please enter your password")); break; case CurrentState.InvalidUser: mob.Send(new InformationalMessage("Invalid username/password specified.")); this.currentState = CurrentState.FetchUserName; mob.Send(new InputMessage("Please enter your user name")); break; } } /// <summary> /// Receives the players input. /// </summary> /// <param name="sender">The sender.</param> /// <param name="e">The e.</param> void connectedPlayer_ReceivedMessage(object sender, IMessage e) { // Be good memory citizens and clean ourself up after receiving a message. // Not doing this results in duplicate events being registered and memory leaks. this.connectedPlayer.ReceivedMessage -= connectedPlayer_ReceivedMessage; ICommand command = this.GetCommand(e); } /// <summary> /// Gets the Command that the player entered and preps it for execution. /// </summary> /// <param name="command"></param> /// <returns>Returns the ICommand specified.</returns> public Commands.ICommand GetCommand(IMessage command) { if (this.currentState == CurrentState.FetchUserName) { this.connectedPlayer.Name = command.Message; this.currentState = CurrentState.FetchPassword; } else if (this.currentState == CurrentState.FetchPassword) { // find user } return new NoOpCommand(); } /// <summary> /// Cleanups this instance during a state change. /// </summary> public void Cleanup() { // If we have a player instance, we clean up the registered event. if (this.connectedPlayer != null) { this.connectedPlayer.ReceivedMessage -= this.connectedPlayer_ReceivedMessage; } } Maybe my entire FSM isn't wired up in the best way, but I would appreciate input on what would be the best to maintain a stack of state in a MUD game engine, and if my states should be allowed to receive the input from the user or not to check what command was entered before allowing the state manager to switch states. Thanks in advance.

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• First Minecraft mod not working: make a new sword

  - by yamikoWebs

  I am making my first mod and cannot see what is wrong with it. I am using MCP and Modloader. For my first mod I was going to make swords. I started with making a new EnumToolMaterials WOOD(0, 59, 2.0F, 0, 15), STONE(1, 131, 4.0F, 1, 5), IRON(2, 250, 6.0F, 2, 14), LAPIS(3, 750, 7.0F, 2, 14), OBSIDIAN(3, 1000, 7.5F, 3, 12), EMERALD(3, 1561, 8.0F, 3, 10),//diamond GREEN(3, 2000, 9.0F, 4, 10),//emerald GOLD(0, 200, 12.0F, 0, 22); then here is the mod class public class _Mod_Yamiko extends BaseMod{ /* mod itemts */ public static final Item swordLapis = (new ItemSword(600, EnumToolMaterial.LAPIS)).setItemName("swordLapis"); public static final Item swordObsidian = (new ItemSword(601, EnumToolMaterial.OBSIDIAN)).setItemName("swordObsidian"); public static final Item swordGreen = (new ItemSword(602, EnumToolMaterial.GREEN)).setItemName("swordGreen"); public void load(){ //set images swordLapis.iconIndex = ModLoader.addOverride("/gui/items.png","/gui/swordLapis.png"); ModLoader.addName(swordLapis, "Lapis Sword"); //craft ModLoader.addRecipe(new ItemStack(_Mod_Yamiko.swordLapis, 1), new Object[]{ " X ", " X ", " Y ", 'X', Block.dirt, 'Y', Item.stick }); } public String getVersion(){ return "0.1"; } } Then I made a 16×16 .png image. I am not sure where to save it so I recompiled and reobfuscated, took the mod files and put it in my local Minecraft install, added the image where it be should be. No problems when playing but I cannot make the new sword.

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• Structure gameobjects and call events

  - by waco001

  I'm working on a 2D tile based game in which the player interacts with other game objects (chests, AI, Doors, Houses etc...). The entire map will be stored in a file which I can read. When loading the tilemap, it will find any tile with the ID that represents a gameobject and store it in a hashmap (right data structure I think?). private static HashMap<Integer, Class<GameObject>> gameObjects = new HashMap<Integer, Class<GameObject>>(); How exactly would I go about calling, and checking for events? I figure that I would just call the update, render and input methods of each gameobject using the hashmap. Should I got towards a Minecraft/Bukkit approach (sorry only example I can think of), where the user registers an event, and it gets called whenever that event happens, and where should I go as in resources to learn about that type of programming, (Java, LWJGL). Or should I just loop through the entire hashmap looking for an event that fits? Thanks waco

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