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  • why would you use textures that are not a power of 2?

    - by Will
    In the early days of OpenGL and DirectX, it was required that textures were powers of two. This meant that interpolation of float values could be done very quickly using shifting and such. Since OpenGL 2.0, and preceding that via an extension, non-power-of-two texture dimensions has been supported. Are there performance advantages to sticking to power-of-two textures on modern integrated and discrete GPUs? What advantages do non-power-of-two textures have, if any? Are there large populations of desktop users who don't have cards that support non-power-of-two textures?

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  • Event Driven Behavior Tree: deterministic traversal order with parallel

    - by Heisenbug
    I've studied several articles and listen some talks about behavior trees (mostly the resources available on AIGameDev by Alex J. Champandard). I'm particularly interested on event driven behavior trees, but I have still some doubts on how to implement them correctly using a scheduler. Just a quick recap: Standard Behavior Tree Each execution tick the tree is traversed from the root in depth-first order The execution order is implicitly expressed by the tree structure. So in the case of behaviors parented to a parallel node, even if both children are executed during the same traversing, the first leaf is always evaluated first. Event Driven BT During the first traversal the nodes (tasks) are enqueued using a scheduler which is responsible for updating only running ones every update The first traversal implicitly produce a depth-first ordered queue in the scheduler Non leaf nodes stays suspended mostly of the time. When a leaf node terminate(either with success or fail status) the parent (observer) is waked up allowing the tree traversing to continue and new tasks will be enqueued in the scheduler Without parallel nodes in the tree there will be up to 1 task running in the scheduler Without parallel nodes, the tasks in the queue(excluding dynamic priority implementation) will be always ordered in a depth-first order (is this right?) Now, from what is my understanding of a possible implementation, there are 2 requirements I think must be respected(I'm not sure though): Now, some requirements I think needs to be guaranteed by a correct implementation are: The result of the traversing should be independent from which implementation strategy is used. The traversing result must be deterministic. I'm struggling trying to guarantee both in the case of parallel nodes. Here's an example: Parallel_1 -->Sequence_1 ---->leaf_A ---->leaf_B -->leaf_C Considering a FIFO policy of the scheduler, before leaf_A node terminates the tasks in the scheduler are: P1(suspended),S1(suspended),leaf_A(running),leaf_C(running) When leaf_A terminate leaf_B will be scheduled (at the end of the queue), so the queue will become: P1(suspended),S1(suspended),leaf_C(running),leaf_B(running) In this case leaf_B will be executed after leaf_C at every update, meanwhile with a non event-driven traversing from the root node, the leaf_B will always be evaluated before leaf_A. So I have a couple of question: do I have understand correctly how event driven BT work? How can I guarantee the depth first order is respected with such an implementation? is this a common issue or am I missing something?

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  • MCP 1.7.10 Java class navigation

    - by Elias Benevedes
    So, I'm new to the Minecraft modding community and trying to understand where to start. I've attempted to do it before, but dropped it to the complexity of starting and the lack of a site like this to help (Mind that I'm also semi-new to Java, but have worked extensively in Javascript and Python. I understand how Java is different from the two). I have downloaded MCP 9.08 (Decompiles 1.7.10), and decompiled Minecraft. I'm looking to mod client, so I didn't supply it with a server jar. Everything seemed to work fine in decompile (Only error was it couldn't find the server jar). I can find my files in /mcp908/src/minecraft/net/minecraft. However, if I open up one of the classes in, say, block, I see a bunch of variables starting with p_ and ending with _. Is there any way to make these variables more decipherable, to understand what's going on so I can learn by example? Thank you.

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  • Rotation and translation like in GTA 1 OpenGL

    - by user1876377
    Okay, so I have a figure in XZ plain. I want to move it forward/backward and rotate at it's own Y axis, then move forward again in the rotation's direction, like the character in GTA 1. Code so far: Init: spaceship_position = glm::vec3(0,0,0); spaceship_rotation = glm::vec3(0,0,0); spaceship_scale = glm::vec3(1, 1, 1); Draw: glm::mat4 transform = glm::scale<float>(spaceship_scale) * glm::rotate<float>(spaceship_rotation.x, 1, 0, 0) * glm::rotate<float>(spaceship_rotation.y, 0, 1, 0) * glm::rotate<float>(spaceship_rotation.z, 0, 0, 1) * glm::translate<float>(spaceship_position); drawMesh(spaceship, texture, transform); Update: switch (key.keysym.sym) { case SDLK_UP: spaceship_position.z += 0.1; break; case SDLK_DOWN: spaceship_position.z -= 0.1; break; case SDLK_LEFT: spaceship_rotation.y += 1; break; case SDLK_RIGHT: spaceship_rotation.y -= 1; break; } So this only moves on the Z axis, but how can I move the object on both Z and X axis where the object is facing?

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  • Where to implement storable items

    - by James Hay
    I'm creating a multiplayer online trading game. The things that are traded range from raw items to complex products. For example Steel is a raw item. Mechanical Assembly is a more complex item that requires 2x Steel and maybe 1x Rubber. Then Hydraulics is an item that contains 2x Mechanical Assemblies and 1x Electronics (which is another complex item). So and so forth. These items will be created by me, players can't create their own items, so it doesn't need to be able to handle arbitrary layers of complexity for items. If my example isn't clear, think Minecraft. You have wooden planks, which can be made into sticks. From there the sticks - combined with metals - can be made into tools. My game is nothing to do with minecraft or any sandbox building game, but it uses a similar progressive complexity to creating items that I want to have in my game. My question is basically, how do you store something like this assuming that I will want to add more items in the future? Do you store it in a database or in a seperate library that the game uses? EDIT None of the items actually "do" anything, they are simply there to either sell, purchase, or combine with other items to make a more complex item, which can then be sold, purchased or combined... you get the idea. The items themselves would not have any properties, but the instances of the items would. For example an item that one player has would have a certain "quality" and if they were selling it a certain "price". An instance of that same item that a different player had would need to have a different "quality" and "price" if they were selling it. I think the price part will not be required on an individual item because instead I would have a "sale" object which was for a price and contained certain items.

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  • Using two joysticks in Cocos2D

    - by Blade
    Here is what I am trying to do: With the left joystick the player can steer the figure and with the right joystick it can attack. Problem is that the left joystick seems to get all the input, the right one does not even register anything. I enabled multipletouch after the eagleView and gone thoroughly over the code. But I seem to miss something. I initiliaze both sticks and it shows me both of them in game, but like I said, only the left one works. I initialize them both. From the h. file: SneakyJoystick *joystick; SneakyJoystick *joystickRight; And in m.file I synthesize, deallocate and initialize them. In order to use one for controlling and the other for attacking I put this: -(void)updateStateWithDeltaTime:(ccTime)deltaTime andListOfGameObjects:(CCArray*)listOfGameObjects { if ((self.characterState == kStateIdle) || (self.characterState == kStateWalkingBack) || (self.characterState == kStateWalkingLeft) || (self.characterState == kStateWalkingRight)|| (self.characterState == kStateWalkingFront) || (self.characterState == kStateAttackingFront) || (self.characterState == kStateAttackingBack)|| (self.characterState == kStateAttackingRight)|| (self.characterState == kStateAttackingLeft)) { if (joystick.degrees > 60 && joystick.degrees < 120) { if (self.characterState != kStateWalkingBack) [self changeState:kStateWalkingBack]; }else if (joystick.degrees > 1 && joystick.degrees < 59) { if (self.characterState != kStateWalkingRight) [self changeState:kStateWalkingRight]; } else if (joystick.degrees > 211 && joystick.degrees < 300) { if (self.characterState != kStateWalkingFront) [self changeState:kStateWalkingFront]; } else if (joystick.degrees > 301 && joystick.degrees < 360){ if (self.characterState != kStateWalkingRight) [self changeState:kStateWalkingRight]; } else if (joystick.degrees > 121 && joystick.degrees < 210) { if (self.characterState != kStateWalkingLeft) [self changeState:kStateWalkingLeft]; } if (joystickRight.degrees > 60 && joystickRight.degrees < 120) { if (self.characterState != kStateAttackingBack) [self changeState:kStateAttackingBack]; }else if (joystickRight.degrees > 1 && joystickRight.degrees < 59) { if (self.characterState != kStateAttackingRight) [self changeState:kStateAttackingRight]; } else if (joystickRight.degrees > 211 && joystickRight.degrees < 300) { if (self.characterState != kStateAttackingFront) [self changeState:kStateAttackingFront]; } else if (joystickRight.degrees > 301 && joystickRight.degrees < 360){ if (self.characterState != kStateAttackingRight) [self changeState:kStateAttackingRight]; } else if (joystickRight.degrees > 121 && joystickRight.degrees < 210) { if (self.characterState != kStateAttackingLeft) [self changeState:kStateAttackingLeft]; } [self applyJoystick:joystick forTimeDelta:deltaTime]; [self applyJoystick:joystickRight forTimeDelta:deltaTime]; } Maybe it has something to do with putting them both to time delta? I tried working around it, but it did not work. So I am thankful for any input you guys can give me :)

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  • XNA - Am I screwing up the LoadContent for Texture2D?

    - by Bombcode
    I've read forum threads and questions and I done just about everything. I need to know what am I screwing up here. Here's the code in the constructor. Content.RootDirectory = "GameStateContent"; //Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; And this is in the LoadContent method menu = this.Content.Load<Texture2D>("mainmenu"); And here's the image screen shot of the folder structure. http://i.imgur.com/HnndE.png Any helps on this? Thanks.

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  • What alternatives exist of how an agent can follow the path calculated by a path-finding algorithm?

    - by momboco
    What alternatives exist of how an agent can follow the path calculated by a path-finding algorithm? I've seen that the most easy form is go to one point and when the agent has reached this point, discard it and go to the next point. I think that this approach has problems when the game has physics with dynamic objects that can block the travel between point A and point B, then the agent is taken from his original trayectory and sometimes go to the last destiny point is not the most natural behavior. In the literature always I have read that the path is only a suggestion of where the agent has to go, but I don't know how this suggested path must be followed. Thanks.

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  • Design leaderboard ratings for quiz games

    - by PeterK
    Back in March 2011 i started the following post: How to design a leaderboard? Now my quiz game have been out for approximately a year and sold pretty decently. I am working on to update the game design and is again looking into the leaderboard design to make it better as i am not happy with it. Currently i rate players on number of correct answers, which is not good as it does not consider things like number of games, difficulty levels etc. I also have "extended" stats behind the UITableView (Leaderboard). A player can play based on three levels of difficulty: hard, medium or easy Difficulty levels can be mixed between players in a game Each game can be one to six players, so there can be single games or duels Between 2 and 30 questions per game As i am considering integrating Game Center Leaderboard i need to design a better rating system so i would like to ask for some ideas how to do the rating based on the above. I am thinking about how much a point would be worth and what it includes.

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  • Can't detect collision properly using Rectangle.Intersects()

    - by Daniel Ribeiro
    I'm using a single sprite sheet image as the main texture for my breakout game. The image is this: My code is a little confusing, since I'm creating two elements from the same Texture using a Point, to represent the element size and its position on the sheet, a Vector, to represent its position on the viewport and a Rectangle that represents the element itself. Texture2D sheet; Point paddleSize = new Point(112, 24); Point paddleSheetPosition = new Point(0, 240); Vector2 paddleViewportPosition; Rectangle paddleRectangle; Point ballSize = new Point(24, 24); Point ballSheetPosition = new Point(160, 240); Vector2 ballViewportPosition; Rectangle ballRectangle; Vector2 ballVelocity; My initialization is a little confusing as well, but it works as expected: paddleViewportPosition = new Vector2((GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Bounds.Width - paddleSize.X) / 2, GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Bounds.Height - (paddleSize.Y * 2)); paddleRectangle = new Rectangle(paddleSheetPosition.X, paddleSheetPosition.Y, paddleSize.X, paddleSize.Y); Random random = new Random(); ballViewportPosition = new Vector2(random.Next(GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Bounds.Width), random.Next(GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Bounds.Top, GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Bounds.Height / 2)); ballRectangle = new Rectangle(ballSheetPosition.X, ballSheetPosition.Y, ballSize.X, ballSize.Y); ballVelocity = new Vector2(3f, 3f); The problem is I can't detect the collision properly, using this code: if(ballRectangle.Intersects(paddleRectangle)) { ballVelocity.Y = -ballVelocity.Y; } What am I doing wrong?

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  • Blending transition in cocos2d

    - by fiddler
    In my cocos2d-iphone game, I have 2 backgrounds (CCnodes), each containing a quite complex hierarchy of sprites. I would like to make a smooth transition between them: initially, only the first background is visible at the end, only the second one is visible Is there a good way to set the opacity of a full hierarchy of sprites ? I tried to recursively set the opacity of all the contained sprites. It kinda works except that: i guess it's not very efficient i would like the opacity of overlapping sprites to be 'merged' (as if the background was one single big sprite)

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  • How to make room reflection using Cubemap

    - by MaT
    I am trying to use a cube map of the inside of a room to create some reflections on walls, ceiling and floor. But when I use the cube map, the reflected image is not correct. The point of view seems to be false. To be correct I use a different cube map for each walls, floor or ceiling. The cube map is calculated from the center of the plane looking at the room. Are there specialized techniques to achieve such effect ? Thanks a lot !

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  • Java Animation Memory Overload [on hold]

    - by user2425429
    I need a way to reduce the memory usage of these programs while keeping the functionality. Every time I add 50 milliseconds or so to the set&display loop in AnimationTest1, it throws an out of memory error. Here is the code I have now: import java.awt.DisplayMode; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.Polygon; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.Executor; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import javax.swing.ImageIcon; public class AnimationTest1 { public static void main(String args[]) { AnimationTest1 test = new AnimationTest1(); test.run(); } private static final DisplayMode POSSIBLE_MODES[] = { new DisplayMode(800, 600, 32, 0), new DisplayMode(800, 600, 24, 0), new DisplayMode(800, 600, 16, 0), new DisplayMode(640, 480, 32, 0), new DisplayMode(640, 480, 24, 0), new DisplayMode(640, 480, 16, 0) }; private static final long DEMO_TIME = 4000; private ScreenManager screen; private Image bgImage; private Animation anim; public void loadImages() { // create animation List<Polygon> polygons=new ArrayList(); int[] x=new int[]{20,4,4,20,40,56,56,40}; int[] y=new int[]{20,32,40,44,44,40,32,20}; polygons.add(new Polygon(x,y,8)); anim = new Animation(); //# of frames long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); long currTimer = startTime; long elapsedTime = 0; boolean animated = false; Graphics2D g = screen.getGraphics(); int width=200; int height=200; //set&display loop while (currTimer - startTime < DEMO_TIME*2) { //draw the polygons if(!animated){ for(int j=0; j<polygons.size();j++){ for(int pos=0; pos<polygons.get(j).npoints; pos++){ polygons.get(j).xpoints[pos]+=1; } } anim.setNewPolyFrame(polygons , width , height , 64); } else{ // update animation anim.update(elapsedTime); draw(g); g.dispose(); screen.update(); try{ Thread.sleep(20); } catch(InterruptedException ie){} } if(currTimer - startTime == DEMO_TIME) animated=true; elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - currTimer; currTimer += elapsedTime; } } public void run() { screen = new ScreenManager(); try { DisplayMode displayMode = screen.findFirstCompatibleMode(POSSIBLE_MODES); screen.setFullScreen(displayMode); loadImages(); } finally { screen.restoreScreen(); } } public void draw(Graphics g) { // draw background g.drawImage(bgImage, 0, 0, null); // draw image g.drawImage(anim.getImage(), 0, 0, null); } } ScreenManager: import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.DisplayMode; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.GraphicsConfiguration; import java.awt.GraphicsDevice; import java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment; import java.awt.Toolkit; import java.awt.Window; import java.awt.event.KeyListener; import java.awt.event.MouseListener; import java.awt.image.BufferStrategy; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JPanel; public class ScreenManager extends JPanel { private GraphicsDevice device; /** Creates a new ScreenManager object. */ public ScreenManager() { GraphicsEnvironment environment=GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment(); device = environment.getDefaultScreenDevice(); setBackground(Color.white); } /** Returns a list of compatible display modes for the default device on the system. */ public DisplayMode[] getCompatibleDisplayModes() { return device.getDisplayModes(); } /** Returns the first compatible mode in a list of modes. Returns null if no modes are compatible. */ public DisplayMode findFirstCompatibleMode( DisplayMode modes[]) { DisplayMode goodModes[] = device.getDisplayModes(); for (int i = 0; i < modes.length; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < goodModes.length; j++) { if (displayModesMatch(modes[i], goodModes[j])) { return modes[i]; } } } return null; } /** Returns the current display mode. */ public DisplayMode getCurrentDisplayMode() { return device.getDisplayMode(); } /** Determines if two display modes "match". Two display modes match if they have the same resolution, bit depth, and refresh rate. The bit depth is ignored if one of the modes has a bit depth of DisplayMode.BIT_DEPTH_MULTI. Likewise, the refresh rate is ignored if one of the modes has a refresh rate of DisplayMode.REFRESH_RATE_UNKNOWN. */ public boolean displayModesMatch(DisplayMode mode1, DisplayMode mode2) { if (mode1.getWidth() != mode2.getWidth() || mode1.getHeight() != mode2.getHeight()) { return false; } if (mode1.getBitDepth() != DisplayMode.BIT_DEPTH_MULTI && mode2.getBitDepth() != DisplayMode.BIT_DEPTH_MULTI && mode1.getBitDepth() != mode2.getBitDepth()) { return false; } if (mode1.getRefreshRate() != DisplayMode.REFRESH_RATE_UNKNOWN && mode2.getRefreshRate() != DisplayMode.REFRESH_RATE_UNKNOWN && mode1.getRefreshRate() != mode2.getRefreshRate()) { return false; } return true; } /** Enters full screen mode and changes the display mode. If the specified display mode is null or not compatible with this device, or if the display mode cannot be changed on this system, the current display mode is used. <p> The display uses a BufferStrategy with 2 buffers. */ public void setFullScreen(DisplayMode displayMode) { JFrame frame = new JFrame(); frame.setUndecorated(true); frame.setIgnoreRepaint(true); frame.setResizable(true); device.setFullScreenWindow(frame); if (displayMode != null && device.isDisplayChangeSupported()) { try { device.setDisplayMode(displayMode); } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) { } } frame.createBufferStrategy(2); Graphics g=frame.getGraphics(); g.setColor(Color.white); g.drawRect(0, 0, frame.WIDTH, frame.HEIGHT); frame.paintAll(g); g.setColor(Color.black); g.dispose(); } /** Gets the graphics context for the display. The ScreenManager uses double buffering, so applications must call update() to show any graphics drawn. <p> The application must dispose of the graphics object. */ public Graphics2D getGraphics() { Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow(); if (window != null) { BufferStrategy strategy = window.getBufferStrategy(); return (Graphics2D)strategy.getDrawGraphics(); } else { return null; } } /** Updates the display. */ public void update() { Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow(); if (window != null) { BufferStrategy strategy = window.getBufferStrategy(); if (!strategy.contentsLost()) { strategy.show(); } } // Sync the display on some systems. // (on Linux, this fixes event queue problems) Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().sync(); } /** Returns the window currently used in full screen mode. Returns null if the device is not in full screen mode. */ public Window getFullScreenWindow() { return device.getFullScreenWindow(); } /** Returns the width of the window currently used in full screen mode. Returns 0 if the device is not in full screen mode. */ public int getWidth() { Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow(); if (window != null) { return window.getWidth(); } else { return 0; } } /** Returns the height of the window currently used in full screen mode. Returns 0 if the device is not in full screen mode. */ public int getHeight() { Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow(); if (window != null) { return window.getHeight(); } else { return 0; } } /** Restores the screen's display mode. */ public void restoreScreen() { Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow(); if (window != null) { window.dispose(); } device.setFullScreenWindow(null); } /** Creates an image compatible with the current display. */ public BufferedImage createCompatibleImage(int w, int h, int transparency) { Window window = device.getFullScreenWindow(); if (window != null) { GraphicsConfiguration gc = window.getGraphicsConfiguration(); return gc.createCompatibleImage(w, h, transparency); } return null; } } Animation: import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.Polygon; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** The Animation class manages a series of images (frames) and the amount of time to display each frame. */ public class Animation { private ArrayList frames; private int currFrameIndex; private long animTime; private long totalDuration; /** Creates a new, empty Animation. */ public Animation() { frames = new ArrayList(); totalDuration = 0; start(); } /** Adds an image to the animation with the specified duration (time to display the image). */ public synchronized void addFrame(BufferedImage image, long duration){ ScreenManager s = new ScreenManager(); totalDuration += duration; frames.add(new AnimFrame(image, totalDuration)); } /** Starts the animation over from the beginning. */ public synchronized void start() { animTime = 0; currFrameIndex = 0; } /** Updates the animation's current image (frame), if necessary. */ public synchronized void update(long elapsedTime) { if (frames.size() >= 1) { animTime += elapsedTime; /*if (animTime >= totalDuration) { animTime = animTime % totalDuration; currFrameIndex = 0; }*/ while (animTime > getFrame(0).endTime) { frames.remove(0); } } } /** Gets the Animation's current image. Returns null if this animation has no images. */ public synchronized Image getImage() { if (frames.size() > 0&&!(currFrameIndex>=frames.size())) { return getFrame(currFrameIndex).image; } else{ System.out.println("There are no frames!"); System.exit(0); } return null; } private AnimFrame getFrame(int i) { return (AnimFrame)frames.get(i); } private class AnimFrame { Image image; long endTime; public AnimFrame(Image image, long endTime) { this.image = image; this.endTime = endTime; } } public void setNewPolyFrame(List<Polygon> polys,int imagewidth,int imageheight,int time){ BufferedImage image=new BufferedImage(imagewidth, imageheight, 1); Graphics g=image.getGraphics(); for(int i=0;i<polys.size();i++){ g.drawPolygon(polys.get(i)); } addFrame(image,time); g.dispose(); } }

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  • Bubble shooter search alghoritm

    - by Fofole
    So I have a Matrix of NxM. At a given position (for ex. [2][5]) I have a value which represents a color. If there is nothing at that point the value is -1. What I need to do is after I add a new point, to check all his neighbours with the same color value and if there are more than 2, set them all to -1. If what I said doesn't make sense what I'm trying to do is an alghoritm which I use to destroy all the same color bubbles from my screen, where the bubbles are memorized in a matrix where -1 means no bubble and {0,1,2,...} represent that there is a bubble with a specific color. This is what I tried and failed: public class Testing { static private int[][] gameMatrix= {{3, 3, 4, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0}, {1, 4, 1, 4, 2, 2, 1, 3, 0, 0}, {2, 2, 4, 4, 3, 1, 2, 4, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, }; static int Rows=6; static int Cols=10; static int count; static boolean[][] visited=new boolean[15][15]; static int NOCOLOR = -1; static int color = 1; public static void dfs(int r, int c, int color, boolean set) { for(int dr = -1; dr <= 1; dr++) for(int dc = -1; dc <= 1; dc++) if(!(dr == 0 && dc == 0) && ok(r+dr, c+dc)) { int nr = r+dr; int nc = c+dc; // if it is the same color and we haven't visited this location before if(gameMatrix[nr][nc] == color && !visited[nr][nc]) { visited[nr][nc] = true; count++; dfs(nr, nc, color, set); if(set) { gameMatrix[nr][nc] = NOCOLOR; } } } } static boolean ok(int r, int c) { return r >= 0 && r < Rows && c >= 0 && c < Cols; } static void showMatrix(){ for(int i = 0; i < gameMatrix.length; i++) { System.out.print("["); for(int j = 0; j < gameMatrix[0].length; j++) { System.out.print(" " + gameMatrix[i][j]); } System.out.println(" ]"); } System.out.println(); } static void putValue(int value,int row,int col){ gameMatrix[row][col]=value; } public static void main(String[] args){ System.out.println("Initial Matrix:"); putValue(1, 4, 1); putValue(1, 5, 1); showMatrix(); for(int n = 0; n < 15; n++) for(int m = 0; m < 15; m++) visited[n][m] = false; //reset count count = 0; //dfs(bubbles.get(i).getRow(), bubbles.get(i).getCol(), color, false); // get the contiguous count dfs(5,1,color,false); //if there are more than 2 set the color to NOCOLOR for(int n = 0; n < 15; n++) for(int m = 0; m < 15; m++) visited[n][m] = false; if(count > 2) { //dfs(bubbles.get(i).getRow(), bubbles.get(i).getCol(), color, true); dfs(5,1,color,true); } System.out.println("Matrix after dfs:"); showMatrix(); } }

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  • OpenGL lighting with dynamic geometry

    - by Tank
    I'm currently thinking hard about how to implement lighting in my game. The geometry is quite dynamic (fixed 3D grid with custom geometry in each cell) and needs some light to get more depth and in general look nicer. A scene in my game always contains sunlight and local light sources like lamps (point lights). One can move underground, so sunlight must be able to illuminate as far as it can get. Here's a render of a typical situation: The lamp is positioned behind the wall to the top, and in the hollow cube there's a hole in the back, so that light can shine through. (I don't want soft shadows, this is just for illustration) While spending the whole day searching through Google, I stumbled on some keywords like deferred rendering, forward rendering, ambient occlusion, screen space ambient occlusion etc. Some articles/tutorials even refer to "normal shading", but to be honest I don't really have an idea to even do simple shading. OpenGL of course has a fixed lighting pipeline with 8 possible light sources. However they just illuminate all vertices without checking for occluding geometry. I'd be very thankful if someone could give me some pointers into the right direction. I don't need complete solutions or similar, just good sources with information understandable for someone with nearly no lighting experience (preferably with OpenGL).

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  • How can I improve my Animation

    - by sharethis
    The first approaches in animation for my game relied mostly on sine and cosine functions with the time as parameter. Here is an example of a very basic jump I implemented. if(jumping) { height = sin(time); if(height < 0) jumping = false; // player landed player.position.z = height; } if(keydown(SPACE) && !jumping) { jumping = true; time = now(); // store the starting time } So my player jumped in a perfect sine function. That seems quite natural, because he slows down when he reached the top position, and in the fall he speeds up again. But patching every animation out of sine and cosine is stretched to its limits soon. So can I improve my animation and provide a more abstract layer?

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  • Any ideas on reducing lag in terrain generation?

    - by l5p4ngl312
    Ok so here's the deal. I've written an isometric engine that generates terrain based on camera values using 2D perlin noise. I planned on doing 3D but first I need to work out the lag issues I'm having. I will try to explain how I am doing this so that maybe someone can spot where I am going wrong. I know it should not be this laggy. There is the abstract class Block which right now just contains render(). BlockGrass, etc. extend this class and each has code in the render function to create a textured quad at the given position. Then there is the class Chunk which has the function Generate() and setBlocksInArea(). Generate uses 2D perlin noise to make a height map and stores the heights in a 2D array. It stores the positions of each block it generates in blockarray[x][y][z]. The chunks are 8x8x128. In the main game class there is a 3D array called blocksInArea. The blocks in this array are what gets rendered. When a chunk generates, it adds its blocks to this array at the correct index. It is like this so chunks can be saved to the hard drive (even though they aren't yet) but there can still be optimization with the rendering that you wouldn't have if you rendered each chunk separately. Here's where the laggy part comes in: When the camera moves to a new chunk, a row of chunks generates on the end of the axis that the camera moved on. But it still has to move the other chunks up/down in the blocksInArea (render) array. It does this by calculating the new position in the array and doing the Chunk.setBlocksInArea(): for(int x = 0; x < 8; x++){ for(int y = 0; y < 8; y++){ nx = x+(coordX - camCoordX)*8 ny = y+(coordY - camCoordY)*8 for(int z = 0; z < height[x][y]; z++){ blockarray[x][y][z] = Game.blocksInArea[nx][ny][z]; } } } My reasoning was that this would be much faster than doing the perlin noise all over again, but there are still little spikes of lag when you move in between chunks. Edit: Would it be possible to create a 3 dimensional array list so that shifting of chunks within the array would not be neccessary?

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  • Debugging Minimum Translation Vector

    - by SyntheCypher
    I implemented the minimum translation vector from codezealot's tutorial on SAT (Separating Axis Theorem) but I'm having an issue I can't quite figure out. Here's the example I have: As you can see in top and bottom left images regardless of the side the of the green car which red car is penetrating the MTV for the red car still remains as a negative number also here is the same example when the front of the red car is facing the opposite direction the number will always be positive. When the red car is past the half way through the green car it should switch polarity. I thought I'd compensated for this in my code, but apparently not either that or it's a bug I can find. Here is my function for finding and returning the MTV, any help would be much appreciated: Code

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  • openGL managing images, VBOs and shaders

    - by roxlu
    I'm working on a game where I use shaders with vertex attributes (so not immediate mode). I'm drawing lots of images and changing the width/height of the quads I use to draw them a lot. To optimize this it's probably a good idea to have one buffer but then one needs to update the complete buffer when one image changes (or only a part of the buffer using glBufferSubData...) I was just wondering what kind of strategies you guys are using?

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  • Box2D relations

    - by Valentino Ru
    As far as I know, the unit in Box2D is meters. When I use Box2D in Processing with JBox2D, I set the "world size" as the window size specified in the setup(). Now I'm wondering if there is any function that scales down the world. For example, how can I simulate the throw of tennis ball within a room, without using a window of only 5 x 5 pixels? Additionally, is there any good documentation like the Java API?

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  • What should I worry about when changing OpenGL origin to upper left of screen?

    - by derivative
    For self education, I'm writing a 2D platformer engine in C++ using SDL / OpenGL. I initially began with pure SDL using the tutorials on sdltutorials.com and lazyfoo.net, but I'm now rendering in an OpenGL context (specifically immediate mode but I'm learning about VAOs/VBOs) and using SDL for interface, audio, etc. SDL uses a coordinate system with the origin in the upper left of the screen and the positive y-axis pointing down. It's easy to set up my orthographic projection in OpenGL to mirror this. I know that texture coordinates are a right-hand system with values from 0 to 1 -- flipping the texture vertically before rendering (well, flip the file before loading) yields textures that render correctly... which is fine if I'm drawing the entire texture, but ultimately I'll be using tilesets and can imagine problems. What should I be concerned about in terms of rendering when I do this? If anybody has any advice or they've done this themselves and can point out future pitfalls, that would be great, but really any thoughts would be appreciated.

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  • How can I convert an image from raw data in Android without any munging?

    - by stephelton
    I have raw image data (may be .png, .jpg, ...) and I want it converted in Android without changing its pixel depth (bpp). In particular, when I load a grayscale (8 bpp) image that I want to use as alpha (glTexImage() with GL_ALPHA), it converts it to 16 bpp (presumably 5_6_5). While I do have a plan B (actually, I'm probably on plan 'E' by now, this is really becoming annoying) I would really like to discover an easy way to do this using what is readily available in the API. So far, I'm using BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(). While I'm at it. I'm doing this from a native environment via JNI (passing the buffer in from C, and a new buffer back to C from Java). Any portable solution in C/C++ would be preferable, but I don't want to introduce anything that might break in future versions of Android, etc.

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  • How to track many in-game statistics

    - by Alex Schearer
    I am looking to track many in-game events, e.g. the score of each move, how many moves are taken, what types of moves, etc. A lot of stats can simply be tracked with a counter. In some cases I need to aggregate data in order to calculate the value (e.g. most common move). How are you tracking in-game stats for your games? How do you avoid creating a class with tens or hundreds of fields? How do you avoid littering the code with tracking invocations? How do you abstract the aggregate data so as to avoid rewriting it for each scenario?

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  • Does XNA/MonoGame have a text caching mechanism, or has an open source one been implemented?

    - by Casey
    I'm playing around with MonoGame, and I've noticed the SpriteFont class draws static text very inefficiently. Each time the text is drawn the spacing is recalculated. This isn't a big deal on my quad core PC, but on mobile applications it might be a problem. Before I go and program some text which caches the arrangement of its letters in an array and then feeds that array to the SpriteBatch, I would like to make sure there isn't something available to do this already, either in MonoGame itself or a class someone has implemented and made available for general use.

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  • Limiting the speed of the mouse cursor

    - by idlewire
    I am working on a simple game where you can drag objects around with the mouse cursor. As I drag the object around quickly, I notice there is some juddering, which seems to be due to the fact that I can move the mouse cursor faster than the game's update/draw. So, although I maintain the offset from where the player initially clicked on the object, the mouse's relative position to the object shifts around slightly before settling as I move the object very quickly. The only way I have found to get smooth, exact 1:1 movement is if I turn both IsFixedTimeStep and SynchronizeWithVerticalRetrace to false. However, I'd rather not have to do that. I have also tried making a custom mouse cursor, hiding the real mouse, taking the real mouse delta and clamping it to a maximum speed. Here is the problem: In windowed mode, the "real" mouse cursor moves off the window while the custom mouse cursor (since it's movement is being scaled) is still somewhere inside the game window. This becomes bizarre and is obviously not desired, as clicking at this point means clicking on things outside the game window. Is there any way to accomplish this in windowed mode? In fullscreen mode, the "real" mouse cursor is bounded to the edges of the screen. So I get to a point where there is no more mouse delta, yet my custom cursor is still somewhere in the middle of the screen and hence can't move further in that direction. If I wanted to clamp it to the edge of the screen when the real cursor is at the edge, then I would get an abrupt jump to the edge of the screen, which isn't desired either Any help would be appreciated. I'd like to be able to limit the speed of the mouse, but also would appreciate help with the first issue (the non-smooth relative offset between mouse cursor movement and object movement).

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