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• Role of an entity state in a component based system?

  - by Paul

  Component-based entity systems are all the rage these days; everyone seems to agree they are the way to go, but no one really has a definitive implementation of such a system. I was wondering, what role do entity states (walking-left, standing, jumping, etc) have in a CBS? Do they act like controllers (i.e. they handle events and change the entity's attributes based on those events)? What about cases where a state would, for example, require that the entity enters no-clip mode? Should, that state, when it enters, maybe set the CollisionComponent of the entity to a null pointer or something? (Then, on exit, the state should restore the entity's CollisionComponent to its previous state.) Also, I guess it's the current state's job to change the entity's state to something else, right?

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• How to model interentity membership in entity-component architecture?

  - by croxis

  I'm falling in love with simple grace of entity-component design, although I still have issues breaking from MVC and OOP practices. Some of my game entities have membership relationships with each other (ex: a player is a member of a city, a city is a member of a nation), and I am unsure on the best way to implement it. My initial reaction is to have a a MemberOfCity component that points to the appropriate city component, but components are suppose to have no references to each other. My other option is to have a System do it, but that would require the system to persist data outside of a component. Is there a clean way to do this in an entity-component design, or am I trying to use a hammer on a screw and should use a hybrid/another approach?

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• Ogre3D : seeking advices about game files management

  - by Tibor

  I'm working on a new game, and its related level editor, based on Ogre3D. I was thinking about how i could manage the game files, knowing that Ogre use .mesh files for models, .material for materials/texture information etc... . At first i thought about a common .zip folder decompressed at runtime (the same way Torchlight and Ogre samples do). But this way the game assets become a monolithic archive, loading takes time, and could be difficult to eventually patch them. So, let's say i have a game object named "Cube" i want to load in my program. Going for modularity, what if i create a compressed file (using zlib compression routines) named Cube.extname, containing its sub-files Cube.mesh, Cube.material and so on ? Are there any alternatives or should i stick with compressed objects? PS: Just to clear things, the answer is unrelated to my program code, at the moment i'm using "resources.cfg" pointing to the OgreSDK media directory.

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• Zoom Layer centered on a Sprite

  - by clops

  I am in process of developing a small game where a space-ship travels through a layer (doh!), in some situations the spaceship comes close to an enemy space ship, and the whole layer is zoomed in on the two with the zoom level being dependent on the distance between the ship and the enemy. All of this works fine. The main question, however, is how do I keep the zoom being centered on the center point between the two space-ships and make sure that the two are not off-screen? Currently I control the zooming in the GameLayer object through the update method, here is the code (there is no layer repositioning here yet): -(void) prepareLayerZoomBetweenSpaceship{ CGPoint mainSpaceShipPosition = [mainSpaceShip position]; CGPoint enemySpaceShipPosition = [enemySpaceShip position]; float distance = powf(mainSpaceShipPosition.x - enemySpaceShipPosition.x, 2) + powf(mainSpaceShipPosition.y - enemySpaceShipPosition.y,2); distance = sqrtf(distance); /* Distance > 250 --> no zoom Distance < 100 --> maximum zoom */ float myZoomLevel = 0.5f; if(distance < 100){ //maximum zoom in myZoomLevel = 1.0f; }else if(distance > 250){ myZoomLevel = 0.5f; }else{ myZoomLevel = 1.0f - (distance-100)*0.0033f; } [self zoomTo:myZoomLevel]; } -(void) zoomTo:(float)zoom { if(zoom > 1){ zoom = 1; } // Set the scale. if(self.scale != zoom){ self.scale = zoom; } } Basically my question is: How do I zoom the layer and center it exactly between the two ships? I guess this is like a pinch zoom with two fingers!

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• Finding shapes in 2D Array, then optimising

  - by assemblism

  I'm new so I can't do an image, but below is a diagram for a game I am working on, moving bricks into patterns, and I currently have my code checking for rotated instances of a "T" shape of any colour. The X and O blocks would be the same colour, and my last batch of code would find the "T" shape where the X's are, but what I wanted was more like the second diagram, with two "T"s Current result      Desired Result [X][O][O]                [1][1][1] [X][X][_]                [2][1][_] [X][O][_]                [2][2][_] [O][_][_]                [2][_][_] My code loops through x/y, marks blocks as used, rotates the shape, repeats, changes colour, repeats. I have started trying to fix this checking with great trepidation. The current idea is to: loop through the grid and make note of all pattern occurrences (NOT marking blocks as used), and putting these to an array loop through the grid again, this time noting which blocks are occupied by which patterns, and therefore which are occupied by multiple patterns. looping through the grid again, this time noting which patterns obstruct which patterns That much feels right... What do I do now? I think I would have to try various combinations of conflicting shapes, starting with those that obstruct the most other patterns first.How do I approach this one? use the rational that says I have 3 conflicting shapes occupying 8 blocks, and the shapes are 4 blocks each, therefore I can only have a maximum of two shapes. (I also intend to incorporate other shapes, and there will probably be score weighting which will need to be considered when going through the conflicting shapes, but that can be another day) I don't think it's a bin packing problem, but I'm not sure what to look for. Hope that makes sense, thanks for your help

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• Collision Error

  - by Manji

  I am having trouble with collision detection part of the game. I am using touch events to fire the gun as you will see in the video. Note, the android icon is a temporary graphic for the bullets When ever the user touches (represented by clicks in the video)the bullet appears and kills random sprites. As you can see it never touches the sprites it kills or kill the sprites it does touch. My Question is How do I fix it, so that the sprite dies when the bullet hits it? Collision Code snippet: //Handles Collision private void CheckCollisions(){ synchronized(mSurfaceHolder){ for (int i = sprites.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--){ Sprite sprite = sprites.get(i); if(sprite.isCollision(bullet)){ sprites.remove(sprite); mScore++; if(sprites.size() == 0){ mLevel = mLevel +1; currentLevel++; initLevel(); } break; } } } } Sprite Class Code Snippet: //bounding box left<right and top>bottom int left ; int right ; int top ; int bottom ; public boolean isCollision(Beam other) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if(this.left>other.right || other.left<other.right)return false; if(this.bottom>other.top || other.bottom<other.top)return false; return true; } EDIT 1: Sprite Class: public class Sprite { // direction = 0 up, 1 left, 2 down, 3 right, // animation = 3 back, 1 left, 0 front, 2 right int[] DIRECTION_TO_ANIMATION_MAP = { 3, 1, 0, 2 }; private static final int BMP_ROWS = 4; private static final int BMP_COLUMNS = 3; private static final int MAX_SPEED = 5; private HitmanView gameView; private Bitmap bmp; private int x; private int y; private int xSpeed; private int ySpeed; private int currentFrame = 0; private int width; private int height; //bounding box left<right and top>bottom int left ; int right ; int top ; int bottom ; public Sprite(HitmanView gameView, Bitmap bmp) { this.width = bmp.getWidth() / BMP_COLUMNS; this.height = bmp.getHeight() / BMP_ROWS; this.gameView = gameView; this.bmp = bmp; Random rnd = new Random(); x = rnd.nextInt(gameView.getWidth() - width); y = rnd.nextInt(gameView.getHeight() - height); xSpeed = rnd.nextInt(MAX_SPEED * 2) - MAX_SPEED; ySpeed = rnd.nextInt(MAX_SPEED * 2) - MAX_SPEED; } private void update() { if (x >= gameView.getWidth() - width - xSpeed || x + xSpeed <= 0) { xSpeed = -xSpeed; } x = x + xSpeed; if (y >= gameView.getHeight() - height - ySpeed || y + ySpeed <= 0) { ySpeed = -ySpeed; } y = y + ySpeed; currentFrame = ++currentFrame % BMP_COLUMNS; } public void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { update(); int srcX = currentFrame * width; int srcY = getAnimationRow() * height; Rect src = new Rect(srcX, srcY, srcX + width, srcY + height); Rect dst = new Rect(x, y, x + width, y + height); canvas.drawBitmap(bmp, src, dst, null); } private int getAnimationRow() { double dirDouble = (Math.atan2(xSpeed, ySpeed) / (Math.PI / 2) + 2); int direction = (int) Math.round(dirDouble) % BMP_ROWS; return DIRECTION_TO_ANIMATION_MAP[direction]; } public boolean isCollision(float x2, float y2){ return x2 > x && x2 < x + width && y2 > y && y2 < y + height; } public boolean isCollision(Beam other) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if(this.left>other.right || other.left<other.right)return false; if(this.bottom>other.top || other.bottom<other.top)return false; return true; } } Bullet Class: public class Bullet { int mX; int mY; private Bitmap mBitmap; //bounding box left<right and top>bottom int left ; int right ; int top ; int bottom ; public Bullet (Bitmap mBitmap){ this.mBitmap = mBitmap; } public void draw(Canvas canvas, int mX, int mY) { this.mX = mX; this.mY = mY; canvas.drawBitmap(mBitmap, mX, mY, null); } }

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• Resources on expected behaviour when manipulating 3D objects with the mouse

  - by sebf

  Hello, In my animation editor, I have a 3D gizmo that sits on the origin of a bone; the user drags the mesh around to rotate the bone. I've found that translating the 2D movements of the mouse into sensible 3D transforms is not near as simple as i'd hoped. For example what is intuitively 'up' or 'down'? How should the magnitude of rotations change with respect to dX/dY? How to implement this? What happens when the gizmo changes position or orientation with respect to the camera? ect. So far with trial and error i've written something (very) simple that works 70% of the time. I could probably continue to hack at it until I made something that works 99% of the time, but there must be someone who needed the same thing, and spent the time coming up with a much more elegant solution. Does anyone know of one?

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• Android: how do I switch between game scenes in a game? Any tutorials?

  - by Flavio

  I am trying to create a simple game using the Android SDK without using AndEngine (or any other game engine). I have plenty of experience designing games from the past, but I'm having lots of trouble trying to use the Android SDK to make my game. By far my biggest hurdle right now is switching between views. That is, for example, going from the menu to the first level, etc. I am using a traditional model I learned (I think it's called a scene stack or something?) in which you push the current scene onto a stack and the game's main loop runs the top item of the stack. This model seems non-trivial to implement in the Android SDK, mostly because Android seems to be picky about which thread instantiates which view. My issue is that I want the first level to show up when you press a button on the main menu, but when I instantiate the first level (the level class extends SurfaceView and implements SurfaceHolder.Callback) I get a runtime error complaining that the thread that runs the main menu can't instantiate this class. Something about calling Looper.prepare(). I figured at this point I was probably doing things wrong. I'm not sure how to specifically phrase my issue into a question, so maybe I should leave it as either 1) Does anybody know a good way (or the 'proper' way) to switch between scenes in an Android game? or 2) Are there any tutorials out there which show how to create a game that doesn't take place entirely in one scene? (I have googled for a while to no avail... maybe someone else knows of one?) Thanks!

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• collision detection problems - Javascript/canvas game

  - by Tom Burman

  Ok here is a more detailed version of my question. What i want to do: i simply want the have a 2d array to represent my game map. i want a player sprite and i want that sprite to be able to move around my map freely using the keyboard and also have collisions with certain tiles of my map array. i want to use very large maps so i need a viewport. What i have: I have a loop to load the tile images into an array: /Loop to load tile images into an array var mapTiles = []; for (x = 0; x <= 256; x++) { var imageObj = new Image(); // new instance for each image imageObj.src = "images/prototype/"+x+".jpg"; mapTiles.push(imageObj); } I have a 2d array for my game map: //Array to hold map data var board = [ [1,2,3,4,3,4,3,4,5,6,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [17,18,19,20,19,20,19,20,21,22,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [33,34,35,36,35,36,35,36,37,38,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [49,50,51,52,51,52,51,52,53,54,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,197,198,199,1,1,1,1], [65,66,67,68,146,147,67,68,69,70,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,216,217,1,1,1,213,214,215,1,1,1,1], [81,82,83,161,162,163,164,84,85,86,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,232,233,1,1,1,229,230,231,1,1,1,1], [97,98,99,177,178,179,180,100,101,102,1,1,1,1,59,1,1,1,248,249,1,1,1,245,246,247,1,1,1,1], [1,1,238,1,1,1,1,239,240,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [216,217,254,1,1,1,1,255,256,1,204,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [232,233,1,1,1,117,118,1,1,1,220,1,1,119,120,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,119,120,1,1], [248,249,1,1,1,133,134,1,1,1,1,1,1,135,136,1,1,1,1,1,1,59,1,1,1,1,135,136,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,216,217,1,1,1,1,1,1,60,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,232,233,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,204,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,248,249,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,220,1,1,1,1,1,1,216,217,1,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,149,150,151,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,232,233,1,1,1], [12,12,12,12,12,12,12,13,1,1,1,1,165,166,167,1,1,1,1,1,1,119,120,1,1,248,249,1,1,1], [28,28,28,28,28,28,28,29,1,1,1,1,181,182,183,1,1,1,1,1,1,135,136,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [44,44,44,44,44,15,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,59,1,1,197,198,199,1,1,1,1,119,120,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,216,217,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,213,214,215,1,1,1,1,135,136,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,232,233,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,229,230,231,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,248,249,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,245,246,247,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,197,198,199,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,213,214,215,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,60,1,1,1,1,204,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,229,230,231,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,220,1,1,1,1,119,120,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,245,246,247,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,135,136,1,1,60,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1] ]; I have my loop to place the correct tile sin the correct positions: //Loop to place tiles onto screen in correct position for (x = 0; x <= viewWidth; x++){ for (y = 0; y <= viewHeight; y++){ var width = 32; var height = 32; context.drawImage(mapTiles[board[y+viewY][x+viewX]],x*width, y*height); } } I Have my player object : //Place player object context.drawImage(playerImg, (playerX-viewX)*32,(playerY-viewY)*32, 32, 32); I have my viewport setup: //Set viewport pos viewX = playerX - Math.floor(0.5 * viewWidth); if (viewX < 0) viewX = 0; if (viewX+viewWidth > worldWidth) viewX = worldWidth - viewWidth; viewY = playerY - Math.floor(0.5 * viewHeight); if (viewY < 0) viewY = 0; if (viewY+viewHeight > worldHeight) viewY = worldHeight - viewHeight; I have my player movement: canvas.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) { console.log(e); var key = null; switch (e.which) { case 37: // Left if (playerY > 0) playerY--; break; case 38: // Up if (playerX > 0) playerX--; break; case 39: // Right if (playerY < worldWidth) playerY++; break; case 40: // Down if (playerX < worldHeight) playerX++; break; } My Problem: I have my map loading an it looks fine, but my player position thinks it's on a different tile to what it actually is. So for instance, i know that if my player moves left 1 tile, the value of that tile should be 2, but if i print out the value it should be moving to (2), it comes up with a different value. How ive tried to solve the problem: I have tried swap X and Y values for the initialization of my player, for when my map prints. If i swap the x and y values in this part of my code: context.drawImage(mapTiles[board[y+viewY][x+viewX]],x*width, y*height); The map doesnt get draw correctly at all and tiles are placed all in random positions or orientations IF i sway the x and y values for my player in this line : context.drawImage(playerImg, (playerX-viewX)*32,(playerY-viewY)*32, 32, 32); The players movements are inversed, so up and down keys move my player left and right viceversa. My question: Where am i going wrong in my code, and how do i solve it so i have my map looking like it should and my player moving as it should as well as my player returning the correct tileID it is standing on or moving too. Thanks Again ALSO Here is a link to my whole code: prototype

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• Unable to use Maya animation with scripts when imported to Unity

  - by keshk

  I am testing to import Maya animation over to Unity. I set up a simple cylinder with 2 bones and an IK handle. Made a simple animation where the cylinder bends and goes back to straight position over 24 frames. Following that, I selected everything and baked, all bones,ik,(animation by selecting all at the graph editor) and even the cylinder. I saved the scene and then select all and export as FBX with animation and bake checked. In unity imported it and at the preview able to see the animation. When I load the model into scene and play (after assigning the controller), able to see animation too. But now when I try to script it and control the animation, nothing happens. Even to test, I tried the following under the Update method. if(animation.isPlaying) Debug.Log("Animation Works"); else Debug.Log("Animation not working"); The bool doesn't even return true nor false. My animation is called "bend", thus just for try I did the following and nothing happens. animation.Play("bend"); Can please advice based on my steps, am I missing something. Do I need to add the controller or is that an unnecessary step? Did I screw up on the Maya part or the Unity part. Thanks for help.

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• How to derive euler angles from matrix or quaternion?

  - by KlashnikovKid

  Currently working on steering behavior for my AI and just hit a little mathematical bump. I'm in the process of writing an align function, which basically tries to match the agent's orientation with a target orientation. I've got a good source material for implementing this behavior but it uses euler angles to calculate the rotational delta, acceleration, and so on. This is nice, however I store orientation as a quaternion and the math library I'm using doesn't provide any functionality for deriving the euler angles. But if it helps I also have rotational matrices at my disposal too. What would be the best way to decompose the quaternion or rotational matrix to get the euler information? I found one source for decomposing the matrix, but I'm not quite getting the correct results. I'm thinking it may be a difference of column/row ordering of my matrices but then again, math isn't my strong point. http://nghiaho.com/?page_id=846

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• Managing constant buffers without FX interface

  - by xcrypt

  I am aware that there is a sample on working without FX in the samplebrowser, and I already checked that one. However, some questions arise: In the sample: D3DXMATRIXA16 mWorldViewProj; D3DXMATRIXA16 mWorld; D3DXMATRIXA16 mView; D3DXMATRIXA16 mProj; mWorld = g_World; mView = g_View; mProj = g_Projection; mWorldViewProj = mWorld * mView * mProj; VS_CONSTANT_BUFFER* pConstData; g_pConstantBuffer10->Map( D3D10_MAP_WRITE_DISCARD, NULL, ( void** )&pConstData ); pConstData->mWorldViewProj = mWorldViewProj; pConstData->fTime = fBoundedTime; g_pConstantBuffer10->Unmap(); They are copying their D3DXMATRIX'es to D3DXMATRIXA16. Checked on msdn, these new matrices are 16 byte aligned and optimised for intel pentium 4. So as my first question: 1) Is it necessary to copy matrices to D3DXMATRIXA16 before sending them to the constant buffer? And if no, why don't we just use D3DXMATRIXA16 all the time? I have another question about managing multiple constant buffers within one shader. Suppose that, within your shader, you have multiple constant buffers that need to be updated at different times: cbuffer cbNeverChanges { matrix View; }; cbuffer cbChangeOnResize { matrix Projection; }; cbuffer cbChangesEveryFrame { matrix World; float4 vMeshColor; }; Then how would I set these buffers all at different times? g_pd3dDevice->VSSetConstantBuffers( 0, 1, &g_pConstantBuffer10 ); gives me the possibility to set multiple buffers, but that is within one call. 2) Is that okay even if my constant buffers are updated at different times? And do I suppose I have to make sure the constantbuffers are in the same position in the array as the order they appear in the shader?

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• Moving a Cube from a GUI texture on iOS [on hold]

  - by London2423

  I really hope someone can help me in this since I am working already two days but without any result. What I' am trying to achieve in this instance is to move a GameObject when a GUI Texture is touch on a Iphone. The GameObject to be moved is named Cube. The Cube has a Script named "Left" that supposedly when is "call it " from the GUITexture the Cube should move left. I hope is clear: I want to "activated" the script in the Game Object from the Guitexture. I try to use send message but without any joy as well so I am using GetComponent. This is the script "inside" the GUITexture using Unity and C# //script inside the gameobject cube so it can move left when call it from the GUItexture void Awake() { left = Cube.GetComponent<Left>().enable = true; } void Start() { Cube = GameObject.Find ("Cube"); } void Update () { //loop through all the touches on the screeen for(int i = 0 ; i < Input.touchCount; i++) { //execute this code for current touch (i) on the screen if(this.guiTexture.HitTest(Input.GetTouch(i).position)) { //if current hits our guiTecture, run this code if(Input.GetTouch (i).phase == TouchPhase.Began) //move the cube object Cube.GetComponent<Left> (); } if(Input.GetTouch (i).phase == TouchPhase.Ended) { return; } if(Input.GetTouch(i).phase == TouchPhase.Stationary); //if current finger is stationary run this code { Cube.GetComponent<Left> (); } } } } } This is the script inside the GameObject named "Cube" that is activated from the Gui Texture and when is activated from the GUITexture should allow the cube to move left public class Left : MonoBehaviour { // Use this for initialization void Start () { } // Update is called once per frame void OnMousedown () { transform.position += Vector3.left * Time.deltaTime; } } Before write here I search all documentation, tutorial videos, forums but I still don't understand where is my mistake. May please someone help me Thanks CL

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• How to detect which edges of a rectange touch when they collide in iOS

  - by Mike King

  I'm creating a basic "game" in iOS 4.1. The premise is simple, there is a green rectangle ("disk") that moves/bounces around the screen, and red rectangle ("bump") that is stationary. The user can move the red "bump" by touching another coordinate on the screen, but that's irrelevant to this question. Each rectangle is a UIImageView (I will replace them with some kind of image/icon once I get the mechanics down). I've gotten as far as detecting when the rectangles collide, and I'm able to reverse the direction of the green "disk" on the Y axis if they do. This works well when the green "disk" approaches the red "bump" from top or bottom, it bounces off in the other direction. But when it approaches from the side, the bounce is incorrect; I need to reverse the X direction instead. Here's the timer I setup: - (void)viewDidLoad { xSpeed = 3; ySpeed = -3; gameTimer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:0.05 target:self selector:@selector(mainGameLoop:) userInfo:nil repeats:YES]; [super viewDidLoad]; } Here's the main game loop: - (void) mainGameLoop:(NSTimer *)theTimer { disk.center = CGPointMake(disk.center.x + xSpeed, disk.center.y + ySpeed); // make sure the disk does not travel off the edges of the screen // magic number values based on size of disk's frame // startAnimating causes the image to "pulse" if (disk.center.x < 55 || disk.center.x > 265) { xSpeed = xSpeed * -1; [disk startAnimating]; } if (disk.center.y < 55 || disk.center.y > 360) { ySpeed = ySpeed * -1; [disk startAnimating]; } // check to see if the disk collides with the bump if (CGRectIntersectsRect(disk.frame, bump.frame)) { NSLog(@"Collision detected..."); if (! [disk isAnimating]) { ySpeed = ySpeed * -1; [disk startAnimating]; } } } So my question is: how can I detect whether I need to flip the X speed or the Y speed? ie: how can I calculate which edge of the bump was collided with?

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• Strange and erratic transformations when using OpenGL VBOs to render scene

  - by janoside

  I have an existing iOS game with fairly simple scenes (all textured quads) and I'm using Apple's "Texture2D" class. I'm trying to convert this class to use VBOs since the vertices of my objects basically never change so I may as well not re-create them for every object every frame. I have the scene rendering using VBOs but the sizes and orientations of all rendered objects are strange and erratic - though locations seem generally correct. I've been toying with this code for a few days now, and I've found something odd: if I re-create all of my VBOs each frame, everything looks correct, even though I'm almost certain my vertices are not changing. Other notes I'm basing my work on this tutorial, and therefore am also using "IBOs" I create my buffers before rendering begins My buffers include vertex and texture data I'm using OpenGL ES 1.1 Fearing some strange effect of the current matrix GL state at the time of buffer creation I've also tried wrapping my buffer-setup code in a "pushMatrix-loadIdentity-popMatrix" block which (as expected) had no effect I'm aware that various articles have been published demonstrating that VBOs may not help performance, but I want to understand this problem and at least have the option to use them. I realize this is a shot in the dark, but has anyone else experienced this type of strange behavior? What might I be doing to result in this behavior? It's rather difficult for me to isolate the problem since I'm working in an existing, moderately complex project, so suggestions about how to approach the problem are also quite welcome.

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• Actor and Sprite, who should own these properties?

  - by Gerardo Marset

  I'm writing sort of a 2D game engine for making the process of creating games easier. It has two classes, Actor and Sprite. Actor is used for interactive elements (the player, enemies, bullets, a menu, an invisible instance that controls score, etc) and Sprite is used for animated (or not) images with transparency (or not). The actor may have an assigned sprite that represents it on the screen, which may change during the game. E.g. in a top-down action game you may have an actor with a sprite of a little guy that changes when attacking, walking, and facing different directions, etc. Currently the actor has x and y properties (its coordinates in the screen), while the sprite has an index property (the number of the frame currently being shown by the sprite). Since the sprite doesn't know which actor it belongs to (or if it belongs to an actor at all), the actor must pass its x and y coordinates when drawing the sprite. Also, since a actors may reset its sprite each frame (and usually do), the sprite's index property must be passed from the old to the new sprite like so (pseudocode): function change_sprite(new_sprite) old_index = my.sprite.index my.sprite = new_sprite() my.sprite.index = old_index % my.sprite.frames end I always thought this was kind of cumbersome, but it never was a big problem. Now I decided to add support for more properties. Namely a property to draw the sprite rotated, a property to draw it flipped, it a property draw it stretched, etc. These should probably belong to the sprite and not the actor, but if they do, the actor would have to pass them from the old to the new sprite each time it changes... On the other hand, if they belonged to the actor, the actor would have to pass each property to the sprite when drawing it (since the sprite doesn't know which actor it belongs to, and it shouldn't, since sprites aren't just meant to be used by actors, really). Another option I thought of would be having an extra class that owns all these properties (plus index, x and y) and links an actor with a sprite, but that doesn't come without drawbacks. So, what should I do with all these properties? Thanks!

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• How to code Time Stop or Bullet Time in a game?

  - by David Miler

  I am developing a single-player RPG platformer in XNA 4.0. I would like to add an ability that would make the time "stop" or slow down, and have only the player character move at the original speed(similar to the Time Stop spell from the Baldur's Gate series). I am not looking for an exact implementation, rather some general ideas and design-patterns. EDIT: Thanks all for the great input. I have come up with the following solution public void Update(GameTime gameTime) { GameTime newGameTime = new GameTime(gameTime.TotalGameTime, new TimeSpan(gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Ticks / DESIRED_TIME_MODIFIER)); gameTime = newGameTime; or something along these lines. This way I can set a different time for the player component and different for the rest. It certainly is not universal enough to work for a game where warping time like this would be a central element, but I hope it should work for this case. I kinda dislike the fact that it litters the main Update loop, but it certainly is the easiest way to implement it. I guess that is essentialy the same as tesselode suggested, so I'm going to give him the green tick :)

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• How to create a reasonably sized urban area manually but efficiently

  - by Overv

  I have a game concept that only really works in an urban area that is of reasonable scale and diversity. In terms of what it should look like, think GTA, in terms of the size think more like a small neighbourhood with residents and a few local shops, perhaps a supermarket. I'm mostly experienced in programming and not at all with modelling, texturing or drawing, but I've found that SketchUp allows me to design interesting looking buildings that I model after real world buildings in my own neighbourhood. Designing these buildings and other objects can take from a few tens of minutes to a few hours. My question is: what is the best approach for a one man army like me who does manage to model buildings to create an interesting city environment in a reasonable amount of time? My game will not be based on procedural generation, the environment will actually be modelled like GTA cities.

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• Set a drawing viewport while using camera

  - by Mariano

  I'm working with XNA. I already have a basic world made of tiles and a camera using a transform matrix. I have a character moving around and the camera follows. What I want to do now is draw the map only on a certain part of the screen as shown on the figure below. This way I can move the map to the left of the screen and have the other fixed parts shift to the right. Do I need to modify the camera matrix? Make a new viewport?

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• Is there any way to enable the HiDef graphics profile property on a Silverlight 5 3d Web App?

  - by Daniel

  I have an XNA Windows Game that uses the HiDef profile to load complex fbx and obj files. Trying to move it over to a Silverlight 3d Web App, Silverlight seems to only want to use the Reach profile, and I get an error that the Reach profile does not support a sufficient number of primitive draws per call. Is there any way to change to HiDef in Silverlight 5? It is not in the project properties and attempting to change it in mainpage.xaml.cs only gives me the option of setting it to Reach.

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• 2D camera perspective projection from 3D coordinates -- HOW?

  - by Jack

  I am developing a camera for a 2D game with a top-down view that has depth. It's almost a 3D camera. Basically, every object has a Z even though it is in 2D, and similarly to parallax layers their position, scale and rotation speed vary based on their Z. I guess this would be a perspective projection. But I am having trouble converting the objects' 3D coordinates into the 2D space of the screen so that everything has correct perspective and scale. I never learned matrices though I did dig the topic a bit today. I tried without using matrices thanks to this article but every attempt gave awkward results. I'm using ActionScript 3 and Flash 11+ (Starling), where the screen coordinates work like this: Left-handed coordinates system illustration I can explain further what I did if you want to help me sort out what's wrong, or you can directly tell me how you would do it properly. In case you prefer the former, read on. These are images showing the formulas I used: upload.wikimedia.org/math/1/c/8/1c89722619b756d05adb4ea38ee6f62b.png upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/4/0/d4069770c68cb8f1aa4b5cfc57e81bc3.png (Sorry new users can't post images, but both are from the wikipedia article linked above, section "Perspective projection". That's where you'll find what all variables mean, too) The long formula is greatly simplified because I believe a normal top-down 2D camera has no X/Y/Z rotation values (correct ?). Then it becomes d = a - c. Still, I can't get it to work. Maybe you could explain what numbers I should put in a(xyz), c(xyz), theta(xyz), and particularly, e(xyz) ? I don't quite get how e is different than c in my case. c.z is also an issue to me. If the Z of the camera's target object is 0, should the camera's Z be something like -600 ? ( = focal length of 600) Whatever I do, it's wrong. I only got it to work when I used arbitrary calculations that "looked" right, like most cameras with parallax layers seem to do, but that's fake! ;) If I want objects to travel between Z layers I might as well do it right. :) Thanks a lot for your help!

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• Unity3d web player fails to load textures

  - by José Franco

  I'm having a problem with Unity3d Web Player. I have developed a project and succesfully deployed it in a web app. It works with absolutely no problem on my PC. This app is to be installed on two identical machines. I have installed them in both and it only works properly in one. The issue I have is on a computer it fails to properly load the models and textures, so the game runs but instead of the models I can only see black rectangles on a blue background. It has the same problem with all browsers and I get no errors either by the player or by JavaScript. The only difference between these computers is that one that has the problem is running on Windows 8.1 and the other one on Windows 8 only. Could this be the cause of the issue? It works fine on my computer with Windows 8.1. However both of the other computers have specs that are significantly lower than mine. I have already searched everywhere and it seems that it has to do with the individual games, however I think it may have to do with the computer itself because it runs properly in the other two. The specs on the computes I'm installing the app on are as follows: Intel Celeron 1.40 GHz, 2GB RAM, Intel HD Graphics If anybody could point me in the right direction I would be very grateful I forgot to mention, I'm running Unity Web player 4.3.5 and the version on the other two computers is 4.5.0

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• Delaying a Foreach loop half a second

  - by Sigh-AniDe

  I have created a game that has a ghost that mimics the movement of the player after 10 seconds. The movements are stored in a list and i use a foreach loop to go through the commands. The ghost mimics the movements but it does the movements way too fast, in split second from spawn time it catches up to my current movement. How do i slow down the foreach so that it only does a command every half a second? I don't know how else to do it. Please help this is what i tried : The foreach runs inside the update method DateTime dt = DateTime.Now; foreach ( string commandDirection in ghostMovements ) { int mapX = ( int )( ghostPostition.X / scalingFactor ); int mapY = ( int )( ghostPostition.Y / scalingFactor ); // If the dt is the same as current time if ( dt == DateTime.Now ) { if ( commandDirection == "left" ) { switch ( ghostDirection ) { case ghostFacingUp: angle = 1.6f; ghostDirection = ghostFacingRight; Program.form.direction = ""; dt.AddMilliseconds( 500 );// add half a second to dt break; case ghostFacingRight: angle = 3.15f; ghostDirection = ghostFacingDown; Program.form.direction = ""; dt.AddMilliseconds( 500 ); break; case ghostFacingDown: angle = -1.6f; ghostDirection = ghostFacingLeft; Program.form.direction = ""; dt.AddMilliseconds( 500 ); break; case ghostFacingLeft: angle = 0.0f; ghostDirection = ghostFacingUp; Program.form.direction = ""; dt.AddMilliseconds( 500 ); break; } } } }

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• How to move from home page screen to the next menu screen on clicking a particular image in XNA4.0?

  - by Raj

  I m new 2 XNA game pgming(also C#)....I want 2 create a main page with some buttons and on clicking a particular button, it should goto another screen whr there r some buttons to select which should inturn goto the game screen on clicking....Whether I can put all the codes in the "game1.cs" or create new class for every page....Pls help... I've jus went through some pages in "Learning xna4.0" by o'reilly...If there s any other gud tutorials, pls suggest me...

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• How does gluLookAt work?

  - by Chan

  From my understanding, gluLookAt( eye_x, eye_y, eye_z, center_x, center_y, center_z, up_x, up_y, up_z ); is equivalent to: glRotatef(B, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); glRotatef(A, wx, wy, wz); glTranslatef(-eye_x, -eye_y, -eye_z); But when I print out the ModelView matrix, the call to glTranslatef() doesn't seem to work properly. Here is the code snippet: #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <GL/glut.h> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; static const int Rx = 0; static const int Ry = 1; static const int Rz = 2; static const int Ux = 4; static const int Uy = 5; static const int Uz = 6; static const int Ax = 8; static const int Ay = 9; static const int Az = 10; static const int Tx = 12; static const int Ty = 13; static const int Tz = 14; void init() { glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); GLfloat lmodel_ambient[] = { 0.8, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 }; glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, lmodel_ambient); } void displayModelviewMatrix(float MV[16]) { int SPACING = 12; cout << left; cout << "\tMODELVIEW MATRIX\n"; cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl; cout << setw(SPACING) << "R" << setw(SPACING) << "U" << setw(SPACING) << "A" << setw(SPACING) << "T" << endl; cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl; cout << setw(SPACING) << MV[Rx] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Ux] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Ax] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Tx] << endl; cout << setw(SPACING) << MV[Ry] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Uy] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Ay] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Ty] << endl; cout << setw(SPACING) << MV[Rz] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Uz] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Az] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Tz] << endl; cout << setw(SPACING) << MV[3] << setw(SPACING) << MV[7] << setw(SPACING) << MV[11] << setw(SPACING) << MV[15] << endl; cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl; cout << endl; } void reshape(int w, int h) { float ratio = static_cast<float>(w)/h; glViewport(0, 0, w, h); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45.0, ratio, 1.0, 425.0); } void draw() { float m[16]; glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, m); gluLookAt( 300.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ); glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0); glutSolidCube(100.0); glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, m); displayModelviewMatrix(m); glutSwapBuffers(); } int main(int argc, char** argv) { glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH); glutInitWindowSize(400, 400); glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100); glutCreateWindow("Demo"); glutReshapeFunc(reshape); glutDisplayFunc(draw); init(); glutMainLoop(); return 0; } No matter what value I use for the eye vector: 300, 0, 0 or 0, 300, 0 or 0, 0, 300 the translation vector is the same, which doesn't make any sense because the order of code is in backward order so glTranslatef should run first, then the 2 rotations. Plus, the rotation matrix, is completely independent of the translation column (in the ModelView matrix), then what would cause this weird behavior? Here is the output with the eye vector is (0.0f, 300.0f, 0.0f) MODELVIEW MATRIX -------------------------------------------------- R U A T -------------------------------------------------- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 -300 0 0 0 1 -------------------------------------------------- I would expect the T column to be (0, -300, 0)! So could anyone help me explain this? The implementation of gluLookAt from http://www.mesa3d.org void GLAPIENTRY gluLookAt(GLdouble eyex, GLdouble eyey, GLdouble eyez, GLdouble centerx, GLdouble centery, GLdouble centerz, GLdouble upx, GLdouble upy, GLdouble upz) { float forward[3], side[3], up[3]; GLfloat m[4][4]; forward[0] = centerx - eyex; forward[1] = centery - eyey; forward[2] = centerz - eyez; up[0] = upx; up[1] = upy; up[2] = upz; normalize(forward); /* Side = forward x up */ cross(forward, up, side); normalize(side); /* Recompute up as: up = side x forward */ cross(side, forward, up); __gluMakeIdentityf(&m[0][0]); m[0][0] = side[0]; m[1][0] = side[1]; m[2][0] = side[2]; m[0][1] = up[0]; m[1][1] = up[1]; m[2][1] = up[2]; m[0][2] = -forward[0]; m[1][2] = -forward[1]; m[2][2] = -forward[2]; glMultMatrixf(&m[0][0]); glTranslated(-eyex, -eyey, -eyez); }

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