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  • Proper updating of GeoClipMaps

    - by thr
    I have been working on an implementation of gpu-based geo clip maps, but there is a section of the GPU Gems 2 article that i just can't seem to understand, specifically this paragraph and more precisely the bolded part: The choice of grid size n = 2k-1 has the further advantage that the finer level is never exactly centered with respect to its parent next-coarser level. In other words, it is always offset by 1 grid unit either left or right, as well as either top or bottom (see Figure 2-4), depending on the position of the viewpoint. In fact, it is necessary to allow a finer level to shift while its next-coarser level stays fixed, and therefore the finer level must sometimes be off-center with respect to the next-coarser level. An alternative choice of grid size, such as n = 2k-3, would provide the possibility for exact centering Let's take an example image from the article: My "understanding" of the way the clip maps were update was that you floor the position of the viewpoint to an int, and such get the center vertex point if this is not the same as the previous center point, you update the entire map. Now, this obviously is not the case - but what I am failing to understand is this: If you look at the image above, if the viewpoint was to move one unit to the right, then the inner ring (the one just around the view point + white center square) would end up getting a 1 unit space on both the left and right side of itself. But there is nothing in the paper that deals with this, what i mean is that it would end up looking like this (excuse my crummy cut-and-paste editing of the above image): This is obviously not a valid state of the. So, would the solution be that a clip ring (layer) can only move in increments of the ring/layer it's contained within? Wouldn't this end up being very restrictive? I feel like I am missing some crucial understanding of parts of the algorithm, but I have been over both this paper and the original paper from 2004 and I just can't see what I am not getting.

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  • Need material for character anatomy in a 2D game. Spartan Like, See Picture

    - by Edwin Soho
    I'm creating my art for an 2d based IOS game. I know some basic anatomy as you can see by the picture but I have no idea how I will make draw the pics for animation of the character walking, attacking with his sword and protecting himself with shield. Is there any anatomy reference for 2d game out there, book or anything else? for your information, I did try to find but all of stuff I found are very amateur and incomplete The picture was my attempt of creating a example of the character walking, which I'm not happy with please help, thanks Update: Since I am in a hurry I decided I would copy the anatomy from other 2d games, it is not that clean but at least I wanna be able to start it. The question is still open.

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  • 2D Car Simulation with Throttle Linear Physics

    - by James
    I'm trying to make a simulation game for an automatic cruise control system. The system simulates a car on varying inclinations and throttle speeds. I've coded up to the car physics but these do note make sense. The dynamics of the simulation are specified as follows: a = V' - V T = (k1)V + ?(k2) + ma V' = (1 - (k1 / m) V) + T - ( k2 / m) * ? Where T = throttle position k1 = viscous friction V = speed V' = next speed ? = angle of incline k2 = m g sin ? a = acceleration m = mass Notice that the angle of incline in the equation is not chopped up by sin or cos. Even the equation for acceleration isn't right. Can anyone correct them or am I misinterpreting the physics?

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  • Slick & NiftyGUI. Nifty initialize exception

    - by Romeo
    I found my self into trouble when trying to run a Slick game with a Nifty Game State. This is the code: @Override protected void initGameAndGUI(GameContainer container, StateBasedGame game) throws SlickException { initNifty(container, game); } If i run this i get: java.lang.IllegalStateException: The NiftyGUI was already initialized. Its illegal to do so twice. If i delete the call to initNifty() i get another exception:java.lang.IllegalStateException: NiftyGUI was not initialized.

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  • Detecting walls or floors in pygame

    - by Serial
    I am trying to make bullets bounce of walls, but I can't figure out how to correctly do the collision detection. What I am currently doing is iterating through all the solid blocks and if the bullet hits the bottom, top or sides, its vector is adjusted accordingly. However, sometimes when I shoot, the bullet doesn't bounce, I think it's when I shoot at a border between two blocks. Here is the update method for my Bullet class: def update(self, dt): if self.can_bounce: #if the bullet hasnt bounced find its vector using the mousclick pos and player pos speed = -10. range = 200 distance = [self.mouse_x - self.player[0], self.mouse_y - self.player[1]] norm = math.sqrt(distance[0] ** 2 + distance[1] ** 2) direction = [distance[0] / norm, distance[1 ] / norm] bullet_vector = [direction[0] * speed, direction[1] * speed] self.dx = bullet_vector[0] self.dy = bullet_vector[1] #check each block for collision for block in self.game.solid_blocks: last = self.rect.copy() if self.rect.colliderect(block): topcheck = self.rect.top < block.rect.bottom and self.rect.top > block.rect.top bottomcheck = self.rect.bottom > block.rect.top and self.rect.bottom < block.rect.bottom rightcheck = self.rect.right > block.rect.left and self.rect.right < block.rect.right leftcheck = self.rect.left < block.rect.right and self.rect.left > block.rect.left each test tests if it hit the top bottom left or right side of the block its colliding with if self.can_bounce: if topcheck: self.rect = last self.dy *= -1 self.can_bounce = False print "top" if bottomcheck: self.rect = last self.dy *= -1 #Bottom check self.can_bounce = False print "bottom" if rightcheck: self.rect = last self.dx *= -1 #right check self.can_bounce = False print "right" if leftcheck: self.rect = last self.dx *= -1 #left check self.can_bounce = False print "left" else: # if it has already bounced and colliding again kill it self.kill() for enemy in self.game.enemies_list: if self.rect.colliderect(enemy): self.kill() #update position self.rect.x -= self.dx self.rect.y -= self.dy This definitely isn't the best way to do it but I can't think of another way. If anyone has done this or can help that would be awesome!

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  • 2D camera perspective projection from 3D coordinates -- HOW?

    - by Jack
    I am developing a camera for a 2D game with a top-down view that has depth. It's almost a 3D camera. Basically, every object has a Z even though it is in 2D, and similarly to parallax layers their position, scale and rotation speed vary based on their Z. I guess this would be a perspective projection. But I am having trouble converting the objects' 3D coordinates into the 2D space of the screen so that everything has correct perspective and scale. I never learned matrices though I did dig the topic a bit today. I tried without using matrices thanks to this article but every attempt gave awkward results. I'm using ActionScript 3 and Flash 11+ (Starling), where the screen coordinates work like this: Left-handed coordinates system illustration I can explain further what I did if you want to help me sort out what's wrong, or you can directly tell me how you would do it properly. In case you prefer the former, read on. These are images showing the formulas I used: upload.wikimedia.org/math/1/c/8/1c89722619b756d05adb4ea38ee6f62b.png upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/4/0/d4069770c68cb8f1aa4b5cfc57e81bc3.png (Sorry new users can't post images, but both are from the wikipedia article linked above, section "Perspective projection". That's where you'll find what all variables mean, too) The long formula is greatly simplified because I believe a normal top-down 2D camera has no X/Y/Z rotation values (correct ?). Then it becomes d = a - c. Still, I can't get it to work. Maybe you could explain what numbers I should put in a(xyz), c(xyz), theta(xyz), and particularly, e(xyz) ? I don't quite get how e is different than c in my case. c.z is also an issue to me. If the Z of the camera's target object is 0, should the camera's Z be something like -600 ? ( = focal length of 600) Whatever I do, it's wrong. I only got it to work when I used arbitrary calculations that "looked" right, like most cameras with parallax layers seem to do, but that's fake! ;) If I want objects to travel between Z layers I might as well do it right. :) Thanks a lot for your help!

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  • XNA frame rate spikes in full screen mode

    - by ProgrammerAtWork
    I'm loading a simple texture and rotating it in XNA, and this works. But when I run it in full screen 1920x1080 mode I see spikes while my texture is rotating. If I run it windowed with 1920x1080 resolution, I don't get the spikes. The size of the texture does not seem to matter, I tried 512 texture size and 2048 texture size, same thing happens. Spikes in full screen, no spikes in windowed, resolution does not seem to matter, Debug or Release does not seem to do anything either. Anyone got ideas of what could be the problem? Edit: I think this problem has something to do with the vertical retrace. Set this property: _graphicsDeviceManager.SynchronizeWithVerticalRetrace = false; you'll lose vsync but it will not stutter.

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  • Particle System in XNA - cannot draw particle

    - by Dave Voyles
    I'm trying to implement a simple particle system in my XNA project. I'm going by RB Whitaker's tutorial, and it seems simple enough. I'm trying to draw particles within my menu screen. Below I've included the code which I think is applicable. I'm coming up with one error in my build, and it is stating that I need to create a new instance of the EmitterLocation from the particleEngine. When I hover over particleEngine.EmitterLocation = new Vector2(Mouse.GetState().X, Mouse.GetState().Y); it states that particleEngine is returning a null value. What could be causing this? /// <summary> /// Base class for screens that contain a menu of options. The user can /// move up and down to select an entry, or cancel to back out of the screen. /// </summary> abstract class MenuScreen : GameScreen ParticleEngine particleEngine; public void LoadContent(ContentManager content) { if (content == null) { content = new ContentManager(ScreenManager.Game.Services, "Content"); } base.LoadContent(); List<Texture2D> textures = new List<Texture2D>(); textures.Add(content.Load<Texture2D>(@"gfx/circle")); textures.Add(content.Load<Texture2D>(@"gfx/star")); textures.Add(content.Load<Texture2D>(@"gfx/diamond")); particleEngine = new ParticleEngine(textures, new Vector2(400, 240)); } public override void Update(GameTime gameTime, bool otherScreenHasFocus, bool coveredByOtherScreen) { base.Update(gameTime, otherScreenHasFocus, coveredByOtherScreen); // Update each nested MenuEntry object. for (int i = 0; i < menuEntries.Count; i++) { bool isSelected = IsActive && (i == selectedEntry); menuEntries[i].Update(this, isSelected, gameTime); } particleEngine.EmitterLocation = new Vector2(Mouse.GetState().X, Mouse.GetState().Y); particleEngine.Update(); } public override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { // make sure our entries are in the right place before we draw them UpdateMenuEntryLocations(); GraphicsDevice graphics = ScreenManager.GraphicsDevice; SpriteBatch spriteBatch = ScreenManager.SpriteBatch; SpriteFont font = ScreenManager.Font; spriteBatch.Begin(); // Draw stuff logic spriteBatch.End(); particleEngine.Draw(spriteBatch); }

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  • Viewport / Camera Calculation in 2D Game

    - by Dave
    we have a 2D game with some sprites and tiles and some kind of camera/viewport, that "moves" around the scene. so far so good, if we wouldn't had some special behaviour for your camera/viewport translation. normally you could stick the camera to your player figure and center it, resulting in a very cheap, undergraduate, translation equation, like : vec_translation -/+= speed (depending in what keys are pressed. WASD as default.) buuuuuuuuuut, we want our player figure be able to actually reach the bounds, when the viewport/camera has reached a maximum translation. we came up with the following solution (only keys a and d are the shown here, the rest is just adaption of calculation or maybe YOUR super-cool and elegant solution :) ): if(keys[A]) { playerX -= speed; if(playerScreenX <= width / 2 && tx < 0) { playerScreenX = width / 2; tx += speed; } else if(playerScreenX <= width / 2 && (tx) >= 0) { playerScreenX -= speed; tx = 0; if(playerScreenX < 0) playerScreenX = 0; } else if(playerScreenX >= width / 2 && (tx) < 0) { playerScreenX -= speed; } } if(keys[D]) { playerX += speed; if(playerScreenX >= width / 2 && (-tx + width) < sceneWidth) { playerScreenX = width / 2; tx -= speed; } if(playerScreenX >= width / 2 && (-tx + width) >= sceneWidth) { playerScreenX += speed; tx = -(sceneWidth - width); if(playerScreenX >= width - player.width) playerScreenX = width - player.width; } if(playerScreenX <= width / 2 && (-tx + width) < sceneWidth) { playerScreenX += speed; } } i think the code is rather self explaining: keys is a flag container for currently active keys, playerX/-Y is the position of the player according to world origin, tx/ty are the translation components vital to background / npc / item offset calculation, playerOnScreenX/-Y is the actual position of the player figure (sprite) on screen and width/height are the dimensions of the camera/viewport. this all looks quite nice and works well, but there is a very small and nasty calculation error, which in turn sums up to some visible effect. let's consider following piece of code: if(playerScreenX <= width / 2 && tx < 0) { playerScreenX = width / 2; tx += speed; } it can be translated into plain english as : if the x position of your player figure on screen is less or equal the half of your display / camera / viewport size AND there is enough space left LEFT of your viewport/camera then set players x position on screen to width half, increase translation (because we subtract the translation from something we want to move). easy, right?! doing this will create a small delta between playerX and playerScreenX. after so much talking, my question appears now here at the bottom of this document: how do I stick the calculation of my player-on-screen to the actual position of the player AND having a viewport that is not always centered aroung the players figure? here is a small test-case in processing: http://pastebin.com/bFaTauaa thank you for reading until now and thank you in advance for probably answering my question.

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  • Simple Math Multiplayer game - is Ajax sufficient?

    - by Christian Strang
    I'm planning to create a simple math multiplayer game and I plan to just use Ajax for the server/client communication but I'm not sure if this is sufficient or if I need a socket server. The game will look like this: 2-4 users all get a simple math task (like: "37 + 14") they have to solve it as fast as possible first user who solves it is the winner I will track the time for each user, since the game started, on the client side and everytime a user gives an answer, the answer and the passed time will be send to the server. Additionally I'll add a function which will check every 3 seconds if the other users finished, how much time they needed and who won. Do you think this is possible just using Ajax? What alternatives are there?

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  • Asked to make a 2d platformer [on hold]

    - by Fendorio
    I've been tasked with creating a simple 2D platformer top be put on a webpage. The game is pretty much a simple Super Mario type game. I've been playing around with C# and C++ now for a couple years, so I'm aware that Unity offers a route to making a web game but for such a simplistic project i'm afraid that using unity would be overkill... i.e. slow, nobody wants to install the web player for a game with < 5 mins playtime. Html5 canvas/JS seems to jump out at me over flash, as that seems to be being pushed out. Any suggestions on a route to take would be greatly appreciated

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  • OpenGL sprites and point size limitation

    - by Srdan
    I'm developing a simple particle system that should be able to perform on mobile devices (iOS, Andorid). My plan was to use GL_POINT_SPRITE/GL_PROGRAM_POINT_SIZE method because of it's efficiency (GL_POINTS are enough), but after some experimenting, I found myself in a trouble. Sprite size is limited (to usually 64 pixels). I'm calculating size using this formula gl_PointSize = in_point_size * some_factor / distance_to_camera to make particle sizes proportional to distance to camera. But at some point, when camera is close enough, problem with size limitation emerges and whole system starts looking unrealistic. Is there a way to avoid this problem? If no, what's alternative? I was thinking of manually generating billboard quad for each particle. Now, I have some questions about that approach. I guess minimum geometry data would be four vertices per particle and index array to make quads from these vertices (with GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP). Additionally, for each vertex I need a color and texture coordinate. I would put all that in an interleaved vertex array. But as you can see, there is much redundancy. All vertices of same particle share same color value, and four texture coordinates are same for all particles. Because of how glDrawArrays/Elements works, I see no way to optimise this. Do you know of a better approach on how to organise per-particle data? Should I use buffers or vertex arrays, or there is no difference because each time I have to update all particles' data. About particles simulation... Where to do it? On CPU or on a vertex processors? Something tells me that mobile's CPU would do it faster than it's vertex unit (at least today in 2012 :). So, any advice on how to make a simple and efficient particle system without particle size limitation, for mobile device, would be appreciated. (animation of camera passing through particles should be realistic)

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  • One True Event Loop

    - by CyberShadow
    Simple programs that collect data from only one system need only one event loop. For example, Windows applications have the message loop, POSIX network programs usually have a select/epoll/etc. loop at their core, pure SDL games use SDL's event loop. But what if you need to collect events from several subsystems? Such as an SDL game which doesn't use SDL_net for networking. I can think of several solutions: Polling (ugh) Put each event loop in its own thread, and: Send messages to the main thread, which collects and processes the events, or Place the event-processing code of each thread in a critical section, so that the threads can wait for events asynchronously but process them synchronously Choose one subsystem for the main event loop, and pass events from other subsystems via that subsystem as custom messages (for example, the Windows message loop and custom messages, or a socket select() loop and passing events via a loopback connection). Option 2.1 is more interesting on platforms where message-passing is a well-developed threading primitive (e.g. in the D programming language), but 2.2 looks like the best option to me.

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  • How to do Cross Platform in own Engine? [on hold]

    - by Mineorbit
    At the Moment I finished the first game with my game engine(if I wanna call it like that) which is based in LWJGL. Now i'm worring if I could do crossplattforming in my engine. I build me a tool tool with a batch file to compile my project dir into an .exe . At first i'm looking to do it on Android with an comparable batch file. An link for an tutorial would be awesome! At next place there would be an renderer and audiosystem. If read that theres an OpenGL ES renderer, and I allready played a bit around with the Android SDK. But I use the Texture and Audio class in slick-util. So I thought about creating OOP classes that carry around the data and load it in an platform specific Buffer. A Link for an equaly easy-to-use Texture or Audio class would be awesome! Thats all for now! Answers would be awesome! Thanks, Mineorbit!

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  • Character jump animation is not working when i hit the space bar

    - by muzzy
    i am having an issue with my game in XNA. My jump sprite sheet for my character does not trigger when i hit the space bar. I cant seem to find the problem. Please help me. I am also put the code below to make things easier. namespace WindowsGame4 { public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; // start of new code Texture2D playerWalk; // sprite sheet of walk cycle (14 frames) Texture2D idle; // idle animation Texture2D jump; // jump animation Vector2 playerPos; // to hold x and y position info for the player Point frameDimensions; // to hold width and height values for the frames int presentFrame; // to record which frame we are on at any given time int noOfFrames; // to hold the total number of frames in the spritesheet int elapsedTime; // to know how long each frame has been shown int frameDuration; // to hold info about how long each frame should be shown SpriteEffects flipDirection; // SpriteEffects object int speed; //rate of movement int upMovement; int downMovement; int rightMovement; int leftMovement; int jumpApex; string state; //this is going to be "idle","walking" or "jumping". KeyboardState previousKeyboardState; Vector2 originalPlayerPos; Vector2 movementDirection; Vector2 movementSpeed; public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; } protected override void Initialize() { // textures will be defined in the LoadContent() method playerPos = new Vector2(0, 200); // starting position for the player is at the left of the screen, and a Y position of 200 frameDimensions = new Point(55, 65); // each frame in the idle sprite sheet is 55 wide by 65 high presentFrame = 0; // start at frame 0 noOfFrames = 5; // there are 5 frames in the idle cycle elapsedTime = 0; // set elapsed time to start at 0 frameDuration = 80; // 80 milliseconds is how long each frame will show for (the higher the number, the slower the animation) flipDirection = SpriteEffects.None; // set the value of flipDirection to none speed = 200; upMovement = -2; downMovement = 2; rightMovement = 1; leftMovement = -1; jumpApex = 100; state = "idle"; previousKeyboardState = Keyboard.GetState(); originalPlayerPos = Vector2.Zero; movementDirection = Vector2.Zero; movementSpeed = Vector2.Zero; base.Initialize(); } protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); playerWalk = Content.Load<Texture2D>("sprites/walkSmall"); // load the walk cycle spritesheet idle = Content.Load<Texture2D>("sprites/idleCycle"); // load the idle cycle sprite sheet jump = Content.Load<Texture2D>("sprites/jump"); // load the jump cycle sprite sheet } protected override void UnloadContent() // we're not using this method at the moment { } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) // Update method - used it to call a number of other methods { if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Escape)) { this.Exit(); // Exit the game if the Escape key is pressed } KeyboardState presentKeyboardState = Keyboard.GetState(); UpdateMovement(presentKeyboardState, gameTime); UpdateIdle(presentKeyboardState, gameTime); UpdateJump(presentKeyboardState); UpdateAnimation(gameTime); playerPos += movementDirection * movementSpeed * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; previousKeyboardState = presentKeyboardState; base.Update(gameTime); } private void UpdateAnimation(GameTime gameTime) { elapsedTime += gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Milliseconds; if (elapsedTime > frameDuration) { elapsedTime -= frameDuration; elapsedTime = elapsedTime - frameDuration; presentFrame++; if (presentFrame > noOfFrames) if (state != "jumping") { presentFrame = 0; } else { presentFrame = 8; } } } protected void UpdateMovement(KeyboardState presentKeyboardState, GameTime gameTime) { if (state == "idle") { movementSpeed = Vector2.Zero; movementDirection = Vector2.Zero; if (presentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { state = "walking"; movementSpeed.X = speed; movementDirection.X = leftMovement; flipDirection = SpriteEffects.FlipHorizontally; } if (presentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { state = "walking"; movementSpeed.X = speed; movementDirection.X = rightMovement; flipDirection = SpriteEffects.None; } } } private void UpdateIdle(KeyboardState presentKeyboardState, GameTime gameTime) { if ((presentKeyboardState.IsKeyUp(Keys.Left) && previousKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left) || presentKeyboardState.IsKeyUp(Keys.Right) && previousKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right) && state != "jumping")) { state = "idle"; } } private void UpdateJump(KeyboardState presentKeyboardState) { if (state == "walking" || state == "idle") { if (presentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space) && !presentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space)) { presentFrame = 1; DoJump(); } } if (state == "jumping") { if (originalPlayerPos.Y - playerPos.Y > jumpApex) { movementDirection.Y = downMovement; } if (playerPos.Y > originalPlayerPos.Y) { playerPos.Y = originalPlayerPos.Y; state = "idle"; movementDirection = Vector2.Zero; } } } private void DoJump() { if (state != "jumping") { state = "jumping"; originalPlayerPos = playerPos; movementDirection.Y = upMovement; movementSpeed = new Vector2(speed, speed); } } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) // Draw method { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); spriteBatch.Begin(); // begin the spritebatch if (state == "walking") { noOfFrames = 14; frameDimensions = new Point(55, 65); Vector2 playerWalkPos = new Vector2(playerPos.X, playerPos.Y - 28); spriteBatch.Draw(playerWalk, playerWalkPos, new Rectangle((presentFrame * frameDimensions.X), 0, frameDimensions.X, frameDimensions.Y), Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1, flipDirection, 0); } if (state == "idle") { noOfFrames = 5; frameDimensions = new Point(55, 65); Vector2 idlePos = new Vector2(playerPos.X, playerPos.Y - 28); spriteBatch.Draw(idle, idlePos, new Rectangle((presentFrame * frameDimensions.X), 0, frameDimensions.X, frameDimensions.Y), Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1, flipDirection, 0); } if (state == "jumping") { noOfFrames = 9; frameDimensions = new Point(55, 92); Vector2 jumpPos = new Vector2(playerPos.X, playerPos.Y - 28); spriteBatch.Draw(jump, jumpPos, new Rectangle((presentFrame * frameDimensions.X), 0, frameDimensions.X, frameDimensions.Y), Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1, flipDirection, 0); } spriteBatch.End(); // end the spritebatch commands base.Draw(gameTime); } } }

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  • Ray Intersecting Plane Formula in C++/DirectX

    - by user4585
    I'm developing a picking system that will use rays that intersect volumes and I'm having trouble with ray intersection versus a plane. I was able to figure out spheres fairly easily, but planes are giving me trouble. I've tried to understand various sources and get hung up on some of the variables used within their explanations. Here is a snippet of my code: bool Picking() { D3DXVECTOR3 vec; D3DXVECTOR3 vRayDir; D3DXVECTOR3 vRayOrig; D3DXVECTOR3 vROO, vROD; // vect ray obj orig, vec ray obj dir D3DXMATRIX m; D3DXMATRIX mInverse; D3DXMATRIX worldMat; // Obtain project matrix D3DXMATRIX pMatProj = CDirectXRenderer::GetInstance()->Director()->Proj(); // Obtain mouse position D3DXVECTOR3 pos = CGUIManager::GetInstance()->GUIObjectList.front().pos; // Get window width & height float w = CDirectXRenderer::GetInstance()->GetWidth(); float h = CDirectXRenderer::GetInstance()->GetHeight(); // Transform vector from screen to 3D space vec.x = (((2.0f * pos.x) / w) - 1.0f) / pMatProj._11; vec.y = -(((2.0f * pos.y) / h) - 1.0f) / pMatProj._22; vec.z = 1.0f; // Create a view inverse matrix D3DXMatrixInverse(&m, NULL, &CDirectXRenderer::GetInstance()->Director()->View()); // Determine our ray's direction vRayDir.x = vec.x * m._11 + vec.y * m._21 + vec.z * m._31; vRayDir.y = vec.x * m._12 + vec.y * m._22 + vec.z * m._32; vRayDir.z = vec.x * m._13 + vec.y * m._23 + vec.z * m._33; // Determine our ray's origin vRayOrig.x = m._41; vRayOrig.y = m._42; vRayOrig.z = m._43; D3DXMatrixIdentity(&worldMat); //worldMat = aliveActors[0]->GetTrans(); D3DXMatrixInverse(&mInverse, NULL, &worldMat); D3DXVec3TransformCoord(&vROO, &vRayOrig, &mInverse); D3DXVec3TransformNormal(&vROD, &vRayDir, &mInverse); D3DXVec3Normalize(&vROD, &vROD); When using this code I'm able to detect a ray intersection via a sphere, but I have questions when determining an intersection via a plane. First off should I be using my vRayOrig & vRayDir variables for the plane intersection tests or should I be using the new vectors that are created for use in object space? When looking at a site like this for example: http://www.tar.hu/gamealgorithms/ch22lev1sec2.html I'm curious as to what D is in the equation AX + BY + CZ + D = 0 and how does it factor in to determining a plane intersection? Any help will be appreciated, thanks.

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  • Shooter in iOS and a visible Aim line before shooting

    - by London2423
    I have to questions. I am trying to develop a game that is iOS but I did it first in my computer so I can tested there. I was able to must of it for PC but I am having a very hard time with iOS port The problem I do have is that I don't know how to shout in iOS. To be more specific how to line render in iOS This is the script I use in my computer using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class NewBehaviourScript : MonoBehaviour { LineRenderer line; void Start () { line = gameObject.GetComponent<LineRenderer>(); line.enabled = false; } void Update () { if (Input.GetButtonDown ("Fire1")) { StopCoroutine ("FireLaser"); StartCoroutine ("FireLaser"); } } IEnumerator FireLaser () { line.enabled = true; while (Input.GetButton("Fire1")) { Ray ray = new Ray(transform.position, transform.forward); RaycastHit hit; line.SetPosition (0, ray.origin); if (Physics.Raycast (ray, out hit,100)) { line.SetPosition(1,hit.point); if (hit.rigidbody) { hit.rigidbody.AddForceAtPosition(transform.forward * 5, hit.point); } } else line.SetPosition (1, ray.GetPoint (100)); yield return null; } line.enabled = false; { } } } Which part I have to change for iOS? I already did in the iOS the touch giu event so my player move around in the xcode/Iphone but I need some help with the shouting part. The second part of the question is where I do have to insert or change the script in order to first aim and I DO see the line of aim and then shout. Now the player can only shout. It can not aim at the gameobject, see the the line coming out of the gun aiming at the object and then shout? How I can do that. Everyone tell me Line render but that's what i did Thank you

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  • Strange and erratic transformations when using OpenGL VBOs to render scene

    - by janoside
    I have an existing iOS game with fairly simple scenes (all textured quads) and I'm using Apple's "Texture2D" class. I'm trying to convert this class to use VBOs since the vertices of my objects basically never change so I may as well not re-create them for every object every frame. I have the scene rendering using VBOs but the sizes and orientations of all rendered objects are strange and erratic - though locations seem generally correct. I've been toying with this code for a few days now, and I've found something odd: if I re-create all of my VBOs each frame, everything looks correct, even though I'm almost certain my vertices are not changing. Other notes I'm basing my work on this tutorial, and therefore am also using "IBOs" I create my buffers before rendering begins My buffers include vertex and texture data I'm using OpenGL ES 1.1 Fearing some strange effect of the current matrix GL state at the time of buffer creation I've also tried wrapping my buffer-setup code in a "pushMatrix-loadIdentity-popMatrix" block which (as expected) had no effect I'm aware that various articles have been published demonstrating that VBOs may not help performance, but I want to understand this problem and at least have the option to use them. I realize this is a shot in the dark, but has anyone else experienced this type of strange behavior? What might I be doing to result in this behavior? It's rather difficult for me to isolate the problem since I'm working in an existing, moderately complex project, so suggestions about how to approach the problem are also quite welcome.

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  • Object-Oriented OpenGL

    - by Sullivan
    I have been using OpenGL for a while and have read a large number of tutorials. Aside from the fact that a lot of them still use the fixed pipeline, they usually throw all the initialisation, state changes and drawing in one source file. This is fine for the limited scope of a tutorial, but I’m having a hard time working out how to scale it up to a full game. How do you split your usage of OpenGL across files? Conceptually, I can see the benefits of having, say, a rendering class that purely renders stuff to screen, but how would stuff like shaders and lights work? Should I have separate classes for things like lights and shaders?

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  • Increasing speed of circle over time as linear with Box2d

    - by Whispered
    Assume that there is a circle and it can be moved by using keyboard arrows.Is required that increasing speed over time like increasing car speed. For example; max speed is 25 and time to reach max speed shall be 5 sec. Over 5 sec the speed will reach to max speed. Does Box2d handle that situation?. I tried setting linear valocity but it seems to make the circle have constant speed instead of increased speed over time. Thank You! Note: I'm using Box2DWeb Javascript port of Box2D.

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  • Given a RGB color x, how to find the most contrasting color y?

    - by Arthur Wulf White
    I have to mark a certain item in a way that will make it stick-out in the background. I need it to be surrounded with the color that contrasts the background as much as possible so it will pop out and easily noticeable by the player. Lets say I know the background is color 'x', how do I find 'y' such that it will be very contrasting to 'x' and easy to notice in a background where 'x' is a dominant color? I first thought about inverting color 'x' and then I noticed that when 'x' is a medium shade of gray, if I invert 'x' to get 'y', then 'y' is also a medium shade of gray which does not work.

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  • Is 2 lines of push/pop code for each pre-draw-state too many?

    - by Griffin
    I'm trying to simplify vector graphics management in XNA; currently by incorporating state preservation. 2X lines of push/pop code for X states feels like too many, and it just feels wrong to have 2 lines of code that look identical except for one being push() and the other being pop(). The goal is to eradicate this repetitiveness,and I hoped to do so by creating an interface in which a client can give class/struct refs in which he wants restored after the rendering calls. Also note that many beginner-programmers will be using this, so forcing lambda expressions or other advanced C# features to be used in client code is not a good idea. I attempted to accomplish my goal by using Daniel Earwicker's Ptr class: public class Ptr<T> { Func<T> getter; Action<T> setter; public Ptr(Func<T> g, Action<T> s) { getter = g; setter = s; } public T Deref { get { return getter(); } set { setter(value); } } } an extension method: //doesn't work for structs since this is just syntatic sugar public static Ptr<T> GetPtr <T> (this T obj) { return new Ptr<T>( ()=> obj, v=> obj=v ); } and a Push Function: //returns a Pop Action for later calling public static Action Push <T> (ref T structure) where T: struct { T pushedValue = structure; //copies the struct data Ptr<T> p = structure.GetPtr(); return new Action( ()=> {p.Deref = pushedValue;} ); } However this doesn't work as stated in the code. How might I accomplish my goal? Example of code to be refactored: protected override void RenderLocally (GraphicsDevice device) { if (!(bool)isCompiled) {Compile();} //TODO: make sure state settings don't implicitly delete any buffers/resources RasterizerState oldRasterState = device.RasterizerState; DepthFormat oldFormat = device.PresentationParameters.DepthStencilFormat; DepthStencilState oldBufferState = device.DepthStencilState; { //Rendering code } device.RasterizerState = oldRasterState; device.DepthStencilState = oldBufferState; device.PresentationParameters.DepthStencilFormat = oldFormat; }

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  • Finding shapes in 2D Array, then optimising

    - by assemblism
    I'm new so I can't do an image, but below is a diagram for a game I am working on, moving bricks into patterns, and I currently have my code checking for rotated instances of a "T" shape of any colour. The X and O blocks would be the same colour, and my last batch of code would find the "T" shape where the X's are, but what I wanted was more like the second diagram, with two "T"s Current result      Desired Result [X][O][O]                [1][1][1] [X][X][_]                [2][1][_] [X][O][_]                [2][2][_] [O][_][_]                [2][_][_] My code loops through x/y, marks blocks as used, rotates the shape, repeats, changes colour, repeats. I have started trying to fix this checking with great trepidation. The current idea is to: loop through the grid and make note of all pattern occurrences (NOT marking blocks as used), and putting these to an array loop through the grid again, this time noting which blocks are occupied by which patterns, and therefore which are occupied by multiple patterns. looping through the grid again, this time noting which patterns obstruct which patterns That much feels right... What do I do now? I think I would have to try various combinations of conflicting shapes, starting with those that obstruct the most other patterns first.How do I approach this one? use the rational that says I have 3 conflicting shapes occupying 8 blocks, and the shapes are 4 blocks each, therefore I can only have a maximum of two shapes. (I also intend to incorporate other shapes, and there will probably be score weighting which will need to be considered when going through the conflicting shapes, but that can be another day) I don't think it's a bin packing problem, but I'm not sure what to look for. Hope that makes sense, thanks for your help

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  • Slick 2d scrolling off screen

    - by Peter
    I have something scrolling in and out of the screen. Now when it goes off screen, I want it to scroll into the screen at another location. What I do is I grab the last pixels at the screens edge using g.copyArea and then g.drawImage on the edge of the screen. And then I do a g.translate to create room for the next row which is next render cycle. My problem is that I get a single pixel row, which is not copied onto the canvas. Where as I want each row to be added and then translated, so that the image that scrolled off screen is recreated on the other side of the screen. Here is my code, maybe there is a better way of doing this, open to any suggests, cause I'm totally stuck @Override public void render(GameContainer gc, Graphics g) throws SlickException { //g.setClip(0, 0, 300, gc.getHeight()); g.translate(0, y); g.drawImage(image,0,200); g.resetTransform(); //g.clearClip(); g.copyArea(rightImage, 0, gc.getHeight() - 1); g.drawImage(rightImage, 300, 0); g.translate(0, y); y=y+3; }

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  • Basics of drawing in 2d with OpenGL 3 shaders

    - by davidism
    I am new to OpenGL 3 and graphics programming, and want to create some basic 2d graphics. I have the following scenario of how I might go about drawing a basic (but general) 2d rectangle. I'm not sure if this is the correct way to think about it, or, if it is, how to implement it. In my head, here's how I imagine doing it: t = make_rectangle(width, height) build general VBO, centered at 0, 0 optionally: t.set_scale(2) optionally: t.set_angle(30) t.draw_at(x, y) calculates some sort of scale/rotate/translate matrix (or matrices), passes the VBO and the matrix to a shader program Something happens to clip the world to the view visible on screen. I'm really unclear on how 4 and 5 will work. The main problem is that all the tutorials I find either: use fixed function pipeline, are for 3d, or are unclear how to do something this "simple". Can someone provide me with either a better way to think of / do this, or some concrete code detailing performing the transformations in a shader and constructing and passing the data required for this shader transformation?

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