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• Non-object-oriented game tutorials

  - by Arcadian

  I've been tasked with writing an essay extolling the virtues of object oriented programming and creating an accompanying game to demonstrate them. My initial idea is to find a tutorial for a simple game written in a programming language which does not follow the OOP paradigm (or written in an OOP language but not in an OOP way) and recreate it in an OOP way using either C# or Java (haven't yet decided). This would then allow me to make concrete comparisons between the two. The game doesn't have to be anything complex; Tetris, Pong, etc. that sort of thing. The problem I've had so far is finding a suitable tutorial, any suggestions?

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• How can I make smoother upwards/downwards controls in pygame?

  - by Zolani13

  This is a loop I use to interpret key events in a python game. # Event Loop for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: pygame.quit() sys.exit() if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: if event.key == pygame.K_a: my_speed = -10; if event.key == pygame.K_d: my_speed = 10; if event.type == pygame.KEYUP: if event.key == pygame.K_a: my_speed = 0; if event.key == pygame.K_d: my_speed = 0; The 'A' key represents up, while the 'D' key represents down. I use this loop within a larger drawing loop, that moves the sprite using this: Paddle1.rect.y += my_speed; I'm just making a simple pong game (as my first real code/non-gamemaker game) but there's a problem between moving upwards <= downwards. Essentially, if I hold a button upwards (or downwards), and then press downwards (or upwards), now holding both buttons, the direction will change, which is a good thing. But if I then release the upward button, then the sprite will stop. It won't continue in the direction of my second input. This kind of key pressing is actually common with WASD users, when changing directions quickly. Few people remember to let go of the first button before pressing the second. But my program doesn't accommodate the habit. I think I understand the reason, which is that when I let go of my first key, the KEYUP event still triggers, setting the speed to 0. I need to make sure that if a key is released, it only sets the speed to 0 if another key isn't being pressed. But the interpreter will only go through one event at a time, I think, so I can't check if a key has been pressed if it's only interpreting the commands for a released key. This is my dilemma. I want set the key controls so that a player doesn't have to press one button at a time to move upwards <= downwards, making it smoother. How can I do that?

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• What libgdx project files can I ignore from version control?

  - by Zhen

  In an automatically created libgdx project, what files can I safely tell Git (or other revision control systems) to ignore? I'm considering these: *-android/.settings/ *-android/bin/ *-desktop/.settings/ *-desktop/bin/ *-html/.settings/ *-html/gwt-unitCache/ *-html/war/WEB-INF/classes/ *-html/war/WEB-INF/deploy/ *-html/war/assets/ *-html/war/ */.settings/ */bin/ Am I missing some? Is there a complete list somewhere?

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• Label not properly centered in TextButton

  - by Kees de Bruin

  I'm using LibGDX v1.1.0 and I see that the label of a TextButton is not properly centered. I have the following code: m_resumeButton = new TextButton("resume", skin); m_resumeButton.addListener(new ChangeListener() { public void changed(ChangeEvent event, Actor actor) { m_state = GameState.RUNNING; getGame().getWorld().pauseWorld(false); } }); The default TextButtonStyle is defined as: "com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.ui.TextButton$TextButtonStyle": { "default": { "up": "menu-button", "down": "menu-button-down", "checked": "menu-button-down", "disabled": "menu-button-disabled", "font": "font24", "fontColor": "white" } } The menu button images are simple 240x48 bitmaps saved as 9-patch images. An image can be found here to illustrate the problem: https://www.dropbox.com/s/cwuhu5xb9ro5w6m/screenshot001.jpg Am I doing something wrong? Or is there a problem with the button images I'm using?

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• ECS with Go - circular imports [migrated]

  - by Andreas

  I'm exploring both Go and Entity-Component-Systems. I understand how ECS works, and I'm trying to replicate what seems to be the go-to document of ECS, namely http://cowboyprogramming.com/2007/01/05/evolve-your-heirachy/ For performance, the document recommends to use static arrays of every component type. That is, not arrays of component interfaces (arrays of pointers). The problem with this in Go is circular imports. I have one package, ecs, which contains the definitions for Entity, Component and System types/interfaces as well as an EntityManager. Another package, ecs/components, contains the various components. Obviously, the ecs/components package depends on ecs. But, to declare arrays of specific components in EntityManager, ecs would depend on ecs/components, therefore creating a circular import. Is there any way of avoiding this? I am aware that normally a high level system should not depend on lower systems. I'm also want to point out that using an array of pointers is probably fast enough for my purposes, but I'm interested in possible workarounds (for future reference) Thank you for your help!

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• What are the key "connectors" for animation creation?

  - by qaisjp

  I'm creating an animation "engine" for a 2D game which loads a *.2dped file to load a character (it's body part positions, height, length of arm etc), and then a *.2difp to manipulate the body part positions. I'd like to know what the key body parts (bones, I mean) I should allow to be manipulated. My current list, sorted by ID's: 1: BONE_PELVIS1 2: BONE_PELVIS 3: BONE_SPINE1 4: BONE_UPPERTORSO 5: BONE_NECK 6: BONE_HEAD2 7: BONE_HEAD1 8: BONE_HEAD 21: BONE_RIGHTUPPERTORSO 22: BONE_RIGHTSHOULDER 23: BONE_RIGHTELBOW 24: BONE_RIGHTWRIST 25: BONE_RIGHTHAND 26: BONE_RIGHTTHUMB 31: BONE_LEFTUPPERTORSO 32: BONE_LEFTSHOULDER 33: BONE_LEFTELBOW 34: BONE_LEFTWRIST 35: BONE_LEFTHAND 36: BONE_LEFTTHUMB 41: BONE_LEFTHIP 42: BONE_LEFTKNEE 43: BONE_LEFTANKLE 44: BONE_LEFTFOOT 51: BONE_RIGHTHIP 52: BONE_RIGHTKNEE 53: BONE_RIGHTANKLE 54: BONE_RIGHTFOOT It's currently made to support real people, but am I going too accurate for a 2D character?

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• Game Asset Storage: Archive vs Individual files

  - by David Colson

  As I am in the process of creating a 3D c++ game and I was wondering what would be more beneficial when dealing with game assets with regards to storage. I have seen some games have a single asset file compressed with everything in it and other with lots of little compressed files. If I had lots of individual files I would not need to load a large file at once and use up memory but the code would have to go about file seeking when the level loads to find all the correct files needed. There is no file seeking needed when dealing with one large file, but again, what about all the assets not currently needed that would get loaded with the one file? I could also have an asset file for each level, but then how do I deal with shared assets This has been bothering me for a while so tell me what other advantages and disadvantages are there to either way of doing things.

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• Cube rotation DX10

  - by German

  Well I'm reading the Frank's Luna DirectX10 book and, while I'm trying to understand the first demo, I found something that's not very clear at least for me. In the updateScene method, when I press A, S, W or D, the angles mTheta and mPhi change, but after that, there are three lines of code that I don't understand exactly what they do: // Convert Spherical to Cartesian coordinates: mPhi measured from +y // and mTheta measured counterclockwise from -z. float x = 5.0f*sinf(mPhi)*sinf(mTheta); float z = -5.0f*sinf(mPhi)*cosf(mTheta); float y = 5.0f*cosf(mPhi); I mean, this explains that they do, it says that it converts the spherical coordinates to cartesian coordinates, but, mathematically, why? why the x value is calculated by the product of the sins of both angles? And the z by the product of the sine and cosine? and why the y just uses the cosine? After that, those values (x, y and z) are used to build the view matrix. The book doesn't explain (mathematically) why those values are calculated like that (and I didn't find anything to help me to understand it at the first Part of the book: "Mathematical prerequisites"), so it would be good if someone could explain me what exactly happen in those code lines or just give me a link that helps me to understand the math part. Thanks in advance!

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• Microsoft XNA code sample wont work with blender model

  - by FreakinaBox

  I downloaded this code sample and integrated it into my game http://xbox.create.msdn.com/en-US/education/catalog/sample/mesh_instancing It works with the model that they supplied, but throws and exception whenever I use one of my models. The current vertex declaration does not include all the elements required by the current vertex shader. TextureCoordinate0 is missing. I tried pluging my model into their original source code and same thing. My model is an fbx from blender and has a texture. This is the function that throws the error GraphicsDevice.DrawInstancedPrimitives( PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, meshPart.NumVertices, meshPart.StartIndex, meshPart.PrimitiveCount, instances.Length );

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• How to load data for specific level at runtime?

  - by Siddharth

  I'm trying to create a game with many levels loaded from XML files. In my game I have many objects in each level. At present my game contains 20 levels, and I load all the textures at once on startup. But I think the correct way to do it is to only load textures used in the current level. I don't know how to do that. So please explain this by providing some example code. At present I create a class for each type of entity by extending my Sprite class. This subclass loads the appropriate image. I know this is not the best way to do things. Basically I want to know how to load large levels efficiently in Andengine. What is the proper method for loading textures, level data and background images from files when the level is run?

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• Why is this beat detection code failing to register some beats properly?

  - by Quincy

  I made this SoundAnalyzer class to detect beats in songs: class SoundAnalyzer { public SoundBuffer soundData; public Sound sound; public List<double> beatMarkers = new List<double>(); public SoundAnalyzer(string path) { soundData = new SoundBuffer(path); sound = new Sound(soundData); } // C = threshold, N = size of history buffer / 1024 B = bands public void PlaceBeatMarkers(float C, int N, int B) { List<double>[] instantEnergyList = new List<double>[B]; GetEnergyList(B, ref instantEnergyList); for (int i = 0; i < B; i++) { PlaceMarkers(instantEnergyList[i], N, C); } beatMarkers.Sort(); } private short[] getRange(int begin, int end, short[] array) { short[] result = new short[end - begin]; for (int i = 0; i < end - begin; i++) { result[i] = array[begin + i]; } return result; } // get a array of with a list of energy for each band private void GetEnergyList(int B, ref List<double>[] instantEnergyList) { for (int i = 0; i < B; i++) { instantEnergyList[i] = new List<double>(); } short[] samples = soundData.Samples; float timePerSample = 1 / (float)soundData.SampleRate; int sampleIndex = 0; int nextSamples = 1024; int samplesPerBand = nextSamples / B; // for the whole song while (sampleIndex + nextSamples < samples.Length) { complex[] FFT = FastFourier.Calculate(getRange(sampleIndex, nextSamples + sampleIndex, samples)); // foreach band for (int i = 0; i < B; i++) { double energy = 0; for (int j = 0; j < samplesPerBand; j++) energy += FFT[i * samplesPerBand + j].GetMagnitude(); energy /= samplesPerBand; instantEnergyList[i].Add(energy); } if (sampleIndex + nextSamples >= samples.Length) nextSamples = samples.Length - sampleIndex - 1; sampleIndex += nextSamples; samplesPerBand = nextSamples / B; } } // place the actual markers private void PlaceMarkers(List<double> instantEnergyList, int N, float C) { double timePerSample = 1 / (double)soundData.SampleRate; int index = N; int numInBuffer = index; double historyBuffer = 0; //Fill the history buffer with n * instant energy for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) { historyBuffer += instantEnergyList[i]; } // If instantEnergy / samples in buffer < instantEnergy for the next sample then add beatmarker. while (index + 1 < instantEnergyList.Count) { if(instantEnergyList[index + 1] > (historyBuffer / numInBuffer) * C) beatMarkers.Add((index + 1) * 1024 * timePerSample); historyBuffer -= instantEnergyList[index - numInBuffer]; historyBuffer += instantEnergyList[index + 1]; index++; } } } For some reason it's only detecting beats from 637 sec to around 641 sec, and I have no idea why. I know the beats are being inserted from multiple bands since I am finding duplicates, and it seems that it's assigning a beat to each instant energy value in between those values. It's modeled after this: http://www.flipcode.com/misc/BeatDetectionAlgorithms.pdf So why won't the beats register properly?

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• Spawning bullets on command in Box2D

  - by recharge330

  I'm making a simple bullet hell game but I can't figure out how to get my character to shoot. Lets say I have bulletBody and shipBody, how would I continually spawn bulletBodies using the shipBody coordinates. I've tried a function that uses an array of b2bodies and just assigns them the bodydef and fixture but that causes the game to crash. C++ sample code would be best but any help is appreciated. EDIT: It looks like any reference to my b2World in a function will cause the game to crash. How do I declare the bodies without using a b2World as an argument in the function.

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• Should iOS games use a Timer?

  - by ????

  No matter what frameworks we use -- Core Graphics, Cocos2D, OpenGL ES -- to write games, should a timer be used (for games that has animation even when a user doesn't do any input, such as after firing a missile and waiting to see if the UFO is hit)? I read that NSTimer might not get fired until after scheduled time (interval), and CADisplayLink can delay and get fired at a later time as well, only that it tells you how late it is so you can move the object more, so it can make the object look like it skipped frame. Must we use a Timer? And if so, what is the best one to use?

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• MMO Web game mouse vs wasd

  - by LazyProgrammer

  If considering to develop a web browser based game with multiple people and it's an RPG, click to move would probably be the only choice in movement right? Because if you were to use WASD and then ajax to the server every second that a player held on to the WASD key, that'd be pretty resource intensive if the server had to calculate the position and return the map image, assuming the next few screens are already buffered right? or is there a way to implement a WASD style and still have server side do all the calculations. (server side calculations to avoid cheating)

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• What kind of graphics would you like better? [ pictures ] [closed]

  - by Roger Travis

  I am looking forward to make an android game, something angrybirds style. I've already made my own engine and now have to decide what kind of graphics should I make. It could be either realistic, like that or a doodle-style like this Right now the first one looks more appealing to me... on the other hand, doodle-graphics are very easy to draw and their transparency doesn't seem to slow down the engine much. What do you think?

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• SDL_DisplayFormat works, but not SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha

  - by Bounderby

  The following code is intended to display a green square on a black background. It executes, but the green square does not show up. However, if I change SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha to SDL_DisplayFormat the square is rendered correctly. So what don't I understand? It seems to me that I am creating *surface with an alpha mask and I am using SDL_MapRGBA to map my green color, so it would be consistent to use SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha as well. (I removed error-checking for clarity, but none of the SDL API calls fail in this example.) #include <SDL.h> int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) { SDL_Init( SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING ); SDL_Surface *screen = SDL_SetVideoMode( 640, 480, 32, SDL_HWSURFACE | SDL_DOUBLEBUF ); SDL_Surface *temp = SDL_CreateRGBSurface( SDL_HWSURFACE, 100, 100, 32, 0, 0, 0, ( SDL_BYTEORDER == SDL_BIG_ENDIAN ? 0x000000ff : 0xff000000 ) ); SDL_Surface *surface = SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha( temp ); SDL_FreeSurface( temp ); SDL_FillRect( surface, &surface->clip_rect, SDL_MapRGBA( screen->format, 0x00, 0xff, 0x00, 0xff ) ); SDL_Rect r; r.x = 50; r.y = 50; SDL_BlitSurface( surface, NULL, screen, &r ); SDL_Flip( screen ); SDL_Delay( 1000 ); SDL_Quit(); return 0; }

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• How to determine which cells in a grid intersect with a given triangle?

  - by Ray Dey

  I'm currently writing a 2D AI simulation, but I'm not completely certain how to check whether the position of an agent is within the field of view of another. Currently, my world partitioning is simple cell-space partitioning (a grid). I want to use a triangle to represent the field of view, but how can I calculate the cells that intersect with the triangle? Similar to this picture: The red areas are the cells I want to calculate, by checking whether the triangle intersects those cells. Thanks in advance. EDIT: Just to add to the confusion (or perhaps even make it easier). Each cell has a min and max vector where the min is the bottom left corner and the max is the top right corner.

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• Methods for getting static data from obj-c to Parse (database)

  - by Phil

  I'm starting out thinking out how best to code my latest game on iOS, and I want to use parse.com to store pretty much everything, so I can easily change things. What I'm not sure about is how to get static data into parse, or at least the best method. I've read about using NSMutableDictionary, pLists, JSON, XML files etc. Let's say for example in AS3 I could create a simple data object like so... static var playerData:Object = {position:{startX:200, startY:200}}; Stick it in a static class, and bingo I've got my static data to use how I see fit. Basically I'm looking for the best method to do the same thing in Obj-c, but the data is not to be stored directly in the iOS game, but to be sent to parse.com to be stored on their database there. The game (at least the distribution version) will only load data from the parse database, so however I'm getting the static data into parse I want to be able to remove it from being included in the eventual iOS file. So any ideas on the best methods to sort that? If I had longer on this project, it might be nice to use storyboards and create a simple game editor to send data to parse....actually maybe that's a good idea, it's just I'm new to obj-c and I'm looking for the most straightforward (see quickest) way to achieve things. Thanks for any advice.

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• Where can I train my game AI skills? (any upgoing competition?) [on hold]

  - by user1671710

  There are 2 main options - building AI plugin for existing game or entering to some competition. Do you have some concrete tips? Is there any competition which will be soon open? From my research, competitions: http://aichallenge.org (last 2011) http://www.battlecode.org (January 2014) http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~cdavid/starcraftaicomp/index.shtml (August 2014) http://aibirds.org (maybe summer 2014) http://www.marioai.org (last 2012) http://www.ice.ci.ritsumei.ac.jp/~ftgaic/index.htm (last 2013) http://www.pacman-vs-ghosts.net (last 2012) http://ai-contest2013.gameloft.com/index/contest (last 2013) http://www.botprize.org/ (last 2012) And maybe more. These are from quick research. Obviously there were many competitions this year but it is difficult to catch it. Main question is: Do you have any information of any currently running AI competition?

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• Variable number of GUI Buttons

  - by Wakaka

  I have a generic HTML5 Canvas GUI Button class and a Scene class. The Scene class has a method called createButton(), which will create a new Button with onclick parameter and store it in a list of buttons. I call createButton() for all UI buttons when initializing the Scene. Because buttons can appear and disappear very often during rendering, Scene would first deactivate all buttons (temporarily remove their onclick, onmouseover etc property) before each render frame. During rendering, the renderer would then activate the required buttons for that frame. The problem is that part of the UI requires a variable number of buttons, and their onclick, onmouseover etc properties change frequently. An example is a buffs system. The UI will list all buffs as square sprites for the current unit selected, and mousing over each square will bring up a tooltip with some information on the buff. But the number of buffs is variable thus I won't know how many buttons to create at the start. What's the best way to solve this problem? P.S. My game is in Javascript, and I know I can use HTML buttons, but would like to make my game purely Canvas-based. Create buttons on-the-fly during rendering. Thus I will only have buttons when I require them. After the render frame these buttons would be useless and removed. Create a fixed set of buttons that I'm going to assume the number of buffs per unit won't exceed. During each render frame activate the buttons accordingly and set their onmouseover property. Assign a button to each Buff instance. This sounds wrong as the buff button is a part of the GUI which can only have one unit selected. Assigning a button to every single Buff in the game seems to be overkill. Also, I would need to change the button's position every render frame since its order in the unit's list of buffs matter. Any other solutions? I'm actually quite for idea (1) but am worried about the memory/time issues of creating a new Button() object every render frame. But this is in Javascript where object creation is oh-so-common ({} mainly) due to automatic garbage collection. What is your take on this? Thanks!

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• Logic in Entity Components Sytems

  - by aaron

  I'm making a game that uses an Entity/Component architecture basically a port of Artemis's framework to c++,the problem arises when I try to make a PlayerControllerComponent, my original idea was this. class PlayerControllerComponent: Component { public: virtual void update() = 0; }; class FpsPlayerControllerComponent: PlayerControllerComponent { public: void update() { //handle input } }; and have a system that updates PlayerControllerComponents, but I found out that the artemis framework does not look at sub-classes the way I thought it would. So all in all my question here is should I make the framework aware of subclasses or should I add a new Component like object that is used for logic.

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• ArrayList of Entites Random Movement

  - by opiop65

  I have an arraylist of entites that I want to move randomly. No matter what I do, they won't move. Here is my female class: import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.Rectangle; import java.util.Random; import javax.swing.ImageIcon; public class Female extends Entity { static int femaleX = 0; static int femaleY = 0; double walkSpeed = .1f; Random rand = new Random(); int random; int dir; Player player; public Female(int posX, int posY) { super(posX, posY); } public void update() { posX += femaleX; posY += femaleY; } public void draw(Graphics2D g2d) { g2d.drawImage(getFemaleImg(), posX, posY, null); if (Player.showBounds == true) { g2d.draw(getBounds()); } } public Image getFemaleImg() { ImageIcon ic = new ImageIcon("res/female.png"); return ic.getImage(); } public Rectangle getBounds() { return new Rectangle(posX, posY, getFemaleImg().getHeight(null), getFemaleImg().getWidth(null)); } public void moveFemale() { random = rand.nextInt(3); System.out.println(random); if (random == 0) { dir = 0; posX -= (int) walkSpeed; } } } And here is how I update the female class in the main class: public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) { player.update(); for(int i = 0; i < females.size(); i++){ Female tempFemale = females.get(i); tempFemale.update(); } repaint(); } If I do something like this(in the female update method): public void update() { posX += femaleX; posY += femaleY; posX -= walkSpeed; } The characters move with no problem. Why is this?

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• How are dependant quests generated in Guild Wars 2?

  - by Aufziehvogel

  I recently read that Guild Wars 2 uses a system where the creation of quests depends on which actions user took when they were presented another quest. An example was: There might be a quest to protect a person. If users do not take this action, the person might be kidnapped and later there is a quest to rescue this person. Is there any information on whether the creation of these quests is somehow automatic? From the article it sounded like automatically, but from the specific example you could also guess that people just created a task-set where they added conditions (Task 1 taken: OK; Task 1 not taken: Show Task 2). From what I heard about AI they might also have implemented some sort of a huge neural network to make decisions?

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• Drawing two orthogonal strings in 3d space in Android Canvas?

  - by hasanghaforian

  I want to draw two strings in canvas.First string must be rotated around Y axis,for example 45 degrees.Second string must be start at the end of first string and also it must be orthogonal to first string. This is my code: String text = "In the"; float textWidth = redPaint.measureText(text); Matrix m0 = new Matrix(); Matrix m1 = new Matrix(); Matrix m2 = new Matrix(); mCamera = new Camera(); canvas.setMatrix(null); canvas.save(); mCamera.rotateY(45); mCamera.getMatrix(m0); m0.preTranslate(-100, -100); m0.postTranslate(100, 100); canvas.setMatrix(m0); canvas.drawText(text, 100, 100, redPaint); mCamera = new Camera(); mCamera.rotateY(90); mCamera.getMatrix(m1); m1.preTranslate(-textWidth - 100, -100); m1.postTranslate(textWidth + 100, 100); m2.setConcat(m1, m0); canvas.setMatrix(m2); canvas.drawText(text, 100 + textWidth, 100, greenPaint); But in result,only first string(text with red font)is visible. How can I do drawing two orthogonal strings in 3d space?

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• Open Source HTML/JS game(s) with license that would allow embedding in my app?

  - by DustMason

  I'm working on an educational app for kids. At the end of the sign-up process, the kids must wait for a confirmation from their parents in order to gain access to the app. While they wait for this to happen, we want to let the kid play a simple game as a way to keep their interest up. Is there a marketplace or repository for games with such a license that we could either purchase (affordably) or use for free in our own app?

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