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• TGA loader: reverse height

  - by aVoX

  I wrote a TGA image loader in Java which is working perfectly for files created with GIMP as long as they are saved with the option "origin" set to "Top Left" (Note: Actually TGA files are meant to be stored upside down - "Bottom Left" in GIMP). My problem is that I want my image loader to be capable of reading all different kinds of TGAs, so my question is, how do I flip the image upside down? Note that I store all image data inside a one-dimensional byte array, because OpenGL (glTexImage2D to be specific) requires it that way. Thanks in advance.

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• Camera placement sphere for an always fully visible object

  - by BengtR

  Given an object: With the bounds [x, y, z, width, height, depth] And an orthographic projection [left, right, bottom, top, near, far] I want to determine the radius of a sphere which allows me to randomly place my camera on so that: The object is fully visible from all positions on this sphere The sphere radius is the smallest possible value while still satisfying 1. Assume the object is centered around the origin. How can I find this radius? I'm currently using sqrt(width^2 + height^2 + depth^2) but I'm not sure that's the correct value, as it doesn't take the camera into account. Thanks for any advice. I'm sorry for confusing a few things here. My comments below should clarify what I'm trying to do actually.

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• Are there any OpenGL ES 2.0 examples for JOGL?

  - by fjdutoit

  I've scoured the internet for the last few hours looking for an example of how to run even the most basic OpenGL ES 2 example using JOGL but "by Jupiter!" it has been a total fail. I tried converting the android example from the OpenGL ES 2.0 Programming Guide examples (and at the same time looking at the WebGL example -- which worked fine) yet without any success. Are there any examples out there? If anyone else wants some extra help regarding this question see this thread on the official Jogamp forum.

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• Double Buffering in Panda3D (C++)

  - by jsvcycling

  How would I go about using Double Buffering (to create a loading screen) in Panda3D using C++? I've searched Google and found some forums that talk about the concept of swapping buffers, but I haven't seen any that show any type of source code (specifically Panda3D/C++). I'd like to try and stay away from using pure OpenGL code and work it through Panda3D, but if I have no other choice, then I'll have to go with OpenGL coding.

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• 2D Ragdoll - should it collide with itself?

  - by Axarydax

  Hi, I'm working on a ragdoll fighting game as a hobby project, but I have one dilemma. I am not sure if my ragdoll should collide with itself or not, i.e. if ragdoll's body parts should collide. 2D world is somewhat different than 3D, because there are several layers of stuff implied (for example in Super Mario you jump through a platform above you while going up). The setup I'm currently most satisfied with is when only the parts which are joined by a joint don't collide, so head doesn't collide with neck, neck with chest, chest with upper arm etc, but the head can collide with chest, arms, legs. I've tried every different way, but I'm not content with either. Which way would recommend me to go?

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• Writing a dynamic achievement system without hardcoding rules into the application

  - by imaginative

  I really enjoyed the solution provided here for groundwork on writing an achievement framework. The problem I have is I have game designers that would like to be able to insert achievements into a CMS at runtime. In a way, it sounds insane and complex to do this, but is it really? I think the concept of having to do a hard push of the application for every new achievement is cumbersome. I would love to be able to give our designers the capability to put together new achievements by entering them into a database. It shouldn't matter what tool I'm using, but for those interested, my backend is being written in JRuby (Ruby on top of the JVM). What are some possible ways of going about abstracting the logic in the aforementioned link even further so that rules can be interpreted at runtime?

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• Problem trying to lock framerate at 60 FPS

  - by shad0w

  I've written a simple class to limit the framerate of my current project. But it does not work as it should. Here is the code: void FpsCounter::Process() { deltaTime = static_cast<double>(frameTimer.GetMsecs()); waitTime = 1000.0/fpsLimit - deltaTime; frameTimer.Reset(); if(waitTime <= 0) { std::cout << "error, waittime: " << waitTime << std::endl; } else { SDL_Delay(static_cast<Uint32>(waitTime)); } if(deltaTime == 0) { currFps = -1; } else { currFps = 1000/deltaTime; } std::cout << "--Timings--" << std::endl; std::cout << "Delta: \t" << deltaTime << std::endl; std::cout << "Delay: \t" << waitTime << std::endl; std::cout << "FPS: \t" << currFps << std::endl; std::cout << "-- --" << std::endl; } Timer::Timer() { startMsecs = 0; } Timer::~Timer() { // TODO Auto-generated destructor stub } void Timer::Start() { started = true; paused = false; Reset(); } void Timer::Pause() { if(started && !paused) { paused = true; pausedMsecs = SDL_GetTicks() - startMsecs; } } void Timer::Resume() { if(paused) { paused = false; startMsecs = SDL_GetTicks() - pausedMsecs; pausedMsecs = 0; } } int Timer::GetMsecs() { if(started) { if(paused) { return pausedMsecs; } else { return SDL_GetTicks() - startMsecs; } } return 0; } void Timer::Reset() { startMsecs = SDL_GetTicks(); } The "FpsCounter::Process()" Method is called everytime at the end of my gameloop. I've got the problem that the loop is correctly delayed only every second frame, so it runs one frame delayed at 60 FPS and the next without delay at over 1000 fps. I am searching the error quite a while now, but I do not find it. I hope somebody can point me in the right direction.

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• Adapting Javascript game for mobile

  - by Cardin

  I'm currently developing a Javascript web game for desktop users. It is a sort of tower-defense game that relies on mouse input only, developed on canvas using EaselJS. In the future, or perhaps simultaneously, I would like to adapt the game for mobile devices. I can see at least 3 potential areas in shifting from desktop to mobile: 1. resolution size and UI rearrangement, 2. converting mouse events to touch events, 3. distribution as native app wrapper or mobile Web. What would be the best strategy to facilitate this desktop to mobile conversion? For example, should I try to code the game for both platforms, or port the game UI over to mobile by branching the code base. Should I just publish on the mobile Web or wrap the game in a native app framework? And if I were to code for both platforms using the same codebase, should I register both click and touch events, or remap click events to touch using dispatchEvent?

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• Handling game logic events by behavior components

  - by chehob

  My question continues on topic discussed here I have tried implementing attribute/behavior design and here is a quick example demonstrating the issue. class HealthAttribute : public ActorAttribute { public: HealthAttribute( float val ) : mValue( val ) { } float Get( void ) const { return mValue; } void Set( float val ) { mValue = val; } private: float mValue; }; class HealthBehavior : public ActorBehavior { public: HealthBehavior( shared_ptr< HealthAttribute > health ) : pHealth( health ) { // Set OnDamage() to listen for game logic event "DamageEvent" } void OnDamage( IEventDataPtr pEventData ) { // Check DamageEvent target entity // ( compare my entity ID with event's target entity ID ) // If not my entity, do nothing // Else, modify health attribute with received DamageEvent data } protected: shared_ptr< HealthAttribute > pHealth; }; My question - is it possible to get rid of this annoying check for game logic events? In the current implementation when some entity must receive damage, game logic just fires off event that contains damage value and the entity id which should receive that damage. And all HealthBehaviors are subscribed to the DamageEvent type, which leads to any entity possesing HealthBehavior call OnDamage() even if he is not the addressee.

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• Converting Degrees to X and Y Coordinate change

  - by gopgop

  I am using a float positioning system in my game. IE float x,y,z now I want to get the location of the mouse, then to fire an arrow to it. X0 = the players X location X1 = the mouse X location Y0 = the players Y location Y1 = the mouse Y location I want to make a method that the parameters are Degrees and it sets my Yspeed and my Xspeed accordingly to get to the mouse xy starting at player xy How do would I accomplish this?

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• Cheap ways to do scaling ops in shader?

  - by Nick Wiggill

  I've got an extensive world terrain that uses vec3 for the vertex position attribute. That's good, because the terrain has endless gradations due to the use of floating point. But I'm thinking about how to reduce the amount of data uploaded to the GPU. For my terrain, which uses discrete / grid-based vertex positions in x and z, it's pretty clear that I can replace my vec3s (floats, really) with shorts, halving the per-vertex position attribute cost from 12 bytes each to 6 bytes. Considering I've got little enough other vertex data, and an enormous amount of terrain data to push into the world, it's a major gain. Currently in my code, one unit in GLSL shaders is equal to 1m in the world. I like that scale. If I move over to using shorts, though, I won't be able to use the same scale, as I would then have a very blocky world where every step in height is an entire metre. So I see these potential solutions to scale the positional data correctly once it arrives at the vertex shader stage: Use 10:1 scaling, i.e. 1 short unit = 1 decimetre in CPU-side code. Do a division by 10 in the vertex shader to scale incoming decimetre values back to metres. Arbirary (non-PoT) divisions tend to be slow, however. Use (some-power-of-two):1 scaling (eg. 8:1), which enables the use of a bitshift (eg. val >> 3) to do the division... not sure how performant this is in shaders, though. Not as intuitive to read values, but possibly quite a bit faster than div by a non-PoT value. Use a texture as lookup table. I've heard that this is really fast. Or whatever solutions others can offer to achieve the same results -- minimal vertex data with sensible scaling.

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• How do I use unpackHalf2x16?

  - by user1032861

  I'm trying to use (un)packHalf2x16, without success so far. I'm drawing with: glVertexAttribIPointer(0, 2, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0, 0); glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo); glDrawArrays(GL_POINTS, 0, n_points); glDisableVertexAttribArray(0); and on the shader #version 330 core #extension GL_ARB_shading_language_packing : require in uvec2 A0; // (...) vec4 t = vec4(unpackHalf2x16(A0.x), unpackHalf2x16(A0.y)); But nothing gets drawn. I'm pretty sure buffer's content is right, and if I use vec4 t = vec4(0); I can see it's working properly. How is this packing / unpacking thing supposed to work? I can't find any example.

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• Calculating distance from viewer to object in a shader

  - by Jay

  Good morning, I'm working through creating the spherical billboards technique outlined in this paper. I'm trying to create a shader that calculates the distance from the camera to all objects in the scene and stores the results in a texture. I keep getting either a completely black or white texture. Here are my questions: I assume the position that's automatically sent to the vertex shader from ogre is in object space? The gpu interpolates the output position from the vertex shader when it sends it to the fragment shader. Does it do the same for my depth calculation or do I need to move that calculation to the fragment shader? Is there a way to debug shaders? I have no errors but I'm not sure I'm getting my parameters passed into the shaders correctly. Here's my shader code: void DepthVertexShader( float4 position : POSITION, uniform float4x4 worldViewProjMatrix, uniform float3 eyePosition, out float4 outPosition : POSITION, out float Depth ) { // position is in object space // outPosition is in camera space outPosition = mul( worldViewProjMatrix, position ); // calculate distance from camera to vertex Depth = length( eyePosition - position ); } void DepthFragmentShader( float Depth : TEXCOORD0, uniform float fNear, uniform float fFar, out float4 outColor : COLOR ) { // clamp output using clip planes float fColor = 1.0 - smoothstep( fNear, fFar, Depth ); outColor = float4( fColor, fColor, fColor, 1.0 ); } fNear is the near clip plane for the scene fFar is the far clip plane for the scene

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• Player Movement DirectX

  - by SullY

  I'm reading on a Book that's about Gamedevelopment with C++ and DirectX 9. There is something that interrests me: It says that playermovements are increasing with the power of the CPU. Becouse a faster CPU will move the player with every frame ( better CPU = better FPS ) To bypass it, it says you have just to multiplicate time*movementfactor . I'd like to know is there an another way to bypass it ?

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• LWJGL GL_QUADS texture artifact

  - by Dajgoro Labinac

  I managed to get working lwjgl in Java, and i loaded a test image(tv test card), but i keep getting weird artifacts outside the image. Image link: http://tinypic.com/r/vhv9g/6 Code: glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex2i(10, 10); glTexCoord2f(1, 0); glVertex2i(500, 10); glTexCoord2f(1, 1); glVertex2i(500, 500); glTexCoord2f(0, 1); glVertex2i(10, 500); glEnd(); What could be the cause?

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• Need the co-ordinates of innerPolygon

  - by user960567

  Let say I have this diagram, Given that i have all the co-ordinates of outer polygon and the distance between inner and outer polygon is d is also given. How to calculate the inner polygon co-ordinates? Edit: I was able to solved the issue by getting the mid-points of all lines. From these mid-points I can move d distance, So I can get three points. No I have 3 points and 3 slopes. From this, I can get three new equations. Simultaneously, solving the equation get the 3 points.

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• How to set sprite source coordinates?

  - by ChaosDev

  I am creating own sprite drawer with DX11 on C++. Works fine but I dont know how to apply source rectangle to texture coordinates of rendering surface(for animation sprite sheets) //source = (0,0,32,64); //RECT D3DXVECTOR2 t0 = D3DXVECTOR2( 1.0f, 0.0f); D3DXVECTOR2 t1 = D3DXVECTOR2( 1.0f, 1.0f); D3DXVECTOR2 t2 = D3DXVECTOR2( 0.0f, 1.0f); D3DXVECTOR2 t3 = D3DXVECTOR2( 0.0f, 1.0f); D3DXVECTOR2 t4 = D3DXVECTOR2( 0.0f, 0.0f); D3DXVECTOR2 t5 = D3DXVECTOR2( 1.0f, 0.0f); VertexPositionColorTexture vertices[] = { { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left+dest.right, dest.top, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t0}, { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left+dest.right, dest.top+dest.bottom, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t1}, { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left, dest.top+dest.bottom, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t2}, { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left, dest.top+dest.bottom, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t3}, { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left , dest.top, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t4}, { D3DXVECTOR3( dest.left+dest.right, dest.top, z),D3DXVECTOR4(1,1,1,1), t5}, };

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• Complete Beginner to Game Programming and Unreal Engine 4, Looking For Advice [on hold]

  - by onemic

  I am currently a 2nd year programming student(Just finished my first year so I will be starting my second year in September) and have mainly learned C and C++ in my classes. In terms of what I know of C++, I know about general inheritance, polymorphism, overloading operators, iterators, a little bit about templates(only class and function templates) etc. but not of the more advanced topics like linked lists and other sequential containers(containers in general I guess), enumerations, most of the standard library(other than like strings and vectors), and probably a bunch of other stuff I dont even know about yet. I subscribed to Unreal Engine 4 as I was very intrigued by their Unreal Tournament announcement earlier this month, especially after hearing that UE4 is going completely C++. Of course my end goal in doing this programming program is to eventually go into game/graphics programming. Since it's my summer off, I thought what better way then to actually apply some of my skills to a personal project so I actually have a firmer understanding of C++ past what my professors tell me. My questions are this: What would be the best way to start off making a small personal game in UE4 as a project for the summer? What should I be aiming for, especially for someone that is still learning C++? Should I focus on making a simple 2D game rather than a 3D one to get started? Seeing the Flappy Chicken showcase intrigued me because before I thought the UE engine was pretty much pigeonholed into being for FPS games What should my expectations be going into UE4 and a game engine for the first time?(UE4 will be my first foray into making a game) What can I expect to gain from making things in UE4, in terms of making games and in terms of further fleshing out my knowledge of C++? Would you recommend I start off 100% using C++ for scripting or using the visual blueprints? Since I'm not a designer, how would I be able to add objects and designs to my game? For someone at my level is retaining the UE4 subscription worth it or is it better to cancel and resub when I learn enough about UE4 and C++? Lastly is there anything to be gained in terms of knowledge/insight through me looking at the source code for UE4? I opened it in VS2013, but noticed that most of the files were C# files and not cpp's. Thanks in advance for taking the time to answer.

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• Square game map rendered as sphere with OpenGL

  - by Roflha

  Okay so I have been trying to find a good way to do this for a while now and so far I have nothing. For a hobby project of mine I have created a finite voxel world (similar to minecraft), but as I said, mine is finite. When you reach the edge of it, you are sent to the other side. That is all working fine along with rendering the far side of the map, but I want to be able to render this grid as a sphere. Looking down from above, the world is a square. I basically want to be able to represent a portion of that square as a sphere, as if you were looking at a planet. Right now I am experimenting with taking a circular section of the map, and rendering that, but it look to flat (no curvature around the edges). My question then, is what would be the best way to add some curvature to the edges of a 2d circle to make it look like a hemisphere. However, I am not overly attached to this implementation so if somebody has some other idea for representing the square as a planet, I am all ears.

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• iOS + cocos2d: how to account for sprite's position for the different device dimensions in an universal app?

  - by fuzzlog

  All the questions I've seen regarding iOS universal apps (with or without cocos2d) deal with the "how to add graphics to a universal app". My question is, how does the code need to be written to ensure that the sprites appear appropriately on the screen (given that an iPhone 5's resolution is not proportional to an iPad's resolution)? Is it just a bunch of "if" statements and duplicate code or do iOS/cocos2d provide common function calls that will place the sprites at an appropriate position?

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• libgdx loading textures fails [duplicate]

  - by Chris

  This question already has an answer here: Why do I get this file loading exception when trying to draw sprites with libgdx? 4 answers I'm trying to load my texture with playerTex = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("player.jpg")); player.jpg is located under my-gdx-game-android/assets/data/player.jpg I get an exception like this: Full Code: @Override public void create() { camera = new OrthographicCamera(); camera.setToOrtho(false, Gdx.graphics.getWidth(), Gdx.graphics.getHeight()); batch = new SpriteBatch(); FileHandle file = Gdx.files.internal("player.jpg"); playerTex = new Texture(file); player = new Rectangle(); player.x = 800-20; player.y = 250; player.width = 20; player.height = 80; } @Override public void dispose() { // dispose of all the native resources playerTex.dispose(); batch.dispose(); } @Override public void render() { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); camera.update(); batch.setProjectionMatrix(camera.combined); batch.begin(); batch.draw(playerTex, player.x, player.y); batch.end(); if(Gdx.input.isKeyPressed(Keys.DOWN)) player.y -= 50 * Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime(); if(Gdx.input.isKeyPressed(Keys.UP)) player.y += 50 * Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime(); }

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• Managing many draw calls for dynamic objects

  - by codetiger

  We are developing a game (cross-platform) using Irrlicht. The game has many (around 200 - 500) dynamic objects flying around during the game. Most of these objects are static mesh and build from 20 - 50 unique Meshes. We created seperate scenenodes for each object and referring its mesh instance. But the output was very much unexpected. Menu screen: (150 tris - Just to show you the full speed rendering performance of 2 test computers) a) NVidia Quadro FX 3800 with 1GB: 1600 FPS DirectX and 2600 FPS on OpenGL b) Mac Mini with Geforce 9400M 256mb: 260 FPS in OpenGL Now inside the game in a test level: (160 dynamic objects counting around 10K tris): a) NVidia Quadro FX 3800 with 1GB: 45 FPS DirectX and 50 FPS on OpenGL b) Mac Mini with Geforce 9400M 256mb: 45 FPS in OpenGL Obviously we don't have the option of mesh batch rendering as most of the objects are dynamic. And the one big static terrain is already in single mesh buffer. To add more information, we use one 2048 png for texture for most of the dynamic objects. And our collision detection hardly and other calculations hardly make any impact on FPS. So we understood its the draw calls we make that eats up all FPS. Is there a way we can optimize the rendering, or are we missing something?

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• a flexible data structure for geometries

  - by AkiRoss

  What data structure would you use to represent meshes that are to be altered (e.g. adding or removing new faces, vertices and edges), and that have to be "studied" in different ways (e.g. finding all the triangles intersecting a certain ray, or finding all the triangles "visible" from a given point in the space)? I need to consider multiple aspects of the mesh: their geometry, their topology and spatial information. The meshes are rather big, say 500k triangles, so I am going to use the GPU when computations are heavy. I tried using arrays with vertices and arrays with indices, but I do not love adding and removing vertices from them. Also, using arrays totally ignore spatial and topological information, which I may need studying the mesh. So, I thought about using custom double-linked list data structures, but I believe doing so will require me to copy the data to array buffers before going on the GPU. I also thought about using BST, but not sure it fits. Any help is appreciated. If I have been too fuzzy and you require other information feel free to ask.

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• Accounting for waves when doing planar reflections

  - by CloseReflector

  I've been studying Nvidia's examples from the SDK, in particular the Island11 project and I've found something curious about a piece of HLSL code which corrects the reflections up and down depending on the state of the wave's height. Naturally, after examining the brief paragraph of code: // calculating correction that shifts reflection up/down according to water wave Y position float4 projected_waveheight = mul(float4(input.positionWS.x,input.positionWS.y,input.positionWS.z,1),g_ModelViewProjectionMatrix); float waveheight_correction=-0.5*projected_waveheight.y/projected_waveheight.w; projected_waveheight = mul(float4(input.positionWS.x,-0.8,input.positionWS.z,1),g_ModelViewProjectionMatrix); waveheight_correction+=0.5*projected_waveheight.y/projected_waveheight.w; reflection_disturbance.y=max(-0.15,waveheight_correction+reflection_disturbance.y); My first guess was that it compensates for the planar reflection when it is subjected to vertical perturbation (the waves), shifting the reflected geometry to a point where is nothing and the water is just rendered as if there is nothing there or just the sky: Now, that's the sky reflecting where we should see the terrain's green/grey/yellowish reflection lerped with the water's baseline. My problem is now that I cannot really pinpoint what is the logic behind it. Projecting the actual world space position of a point of the wave/water geometry and then multiplying by -.5f, only to take another projection of the same point, this time with its y coordinate changed to -0.8 (why -0.8?). Clues in the code seem to indicate it was derived with trial and error because there is redundancy. For example, the author takes the negative half of the projected y coordinate (after the w divide): float waveheight_correction=-0.5*projected_waveheight.y/projected_waveheight.w; And then does the same for the second point (only positive, to get a difference of some sort, I presume) and combines them: waveheight_correction+=0.5*projected_waveheight.y/projected_waveheight.w; By removing the divide by 2, I see no difference in quality improvement (if someone cares to correct me, please do). The crux of it seems to be the difference in the projected y, why is that? This redundancy and the seemingly arbitrary selection of -.8f and -0.15f lead me to conclude that this might be a combination of heuristics/guess work. Is there a logical underpinning to this or is it just a desperate hack? Here is an exaggeration of the initial problem which the code fragment fixes, observe on the lowest tessellation level. Hopefully, it might spark an idea I'm missing. The -.8f might be a reference height from which to deduce how much to disturb the texture coordinate sampling the planarly reflected geometry render and -.15f might be the lower bound, a security measure.

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• Why isn't my other two constant buffers being updated to the shader?

  - by Paul Ske

  I posted previously before about my two dynamic buffers not being dynamically updating the constant shader. The tessellation buffer isn't working because I have to manually update the tessellation factor inside the hull shader. I believe the camera position isn't updating either because when I perform distance adaptation the far edges are more tessellated then the what's truly in front of the camera. I have all the buffers set to dynamic. Inside the render loop I have them set as: ID3D11Buffer *multiBuffers[3]; devcon->VSSetConstantBuffers(0,3,multiBuffers); ... devcon->DSSetConstantBuffers(0,3,multiBuffers); I only got that from a directX Sample. Inside the shader file I have the three cbuffer structs. cbuffer ConstantBuffer { float4x4 WorldMatrix; float4x4 viewMatrix; float4x4 projectionMatrix; float4x4 modelWorldMatrix; // the rotation matrix float3 lightvec; // the light's vector float4 lightcol; // the light's color float4 ambientcol; // the ambient light's color bool isSelected; } cbuffer cameraBuffer { float3 cameraDirection; float padding; } cbuffer TessellationBuffer { float tessellationAmount; float3 padding2; } Am I missing something or would anyone know why wouldn't my buffers update to the shader file?

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