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  • Sorting for 2D Drawing

    - by Nexian
    okie, looked through quite a few similar questions but still feel the need to ask mine specifically (I know, crazy). Anyhoo: I am drawing a game in 2D (isometric) My objects have their own arrays. (i.e. Tiles[], Objects[], Particles[], etc) I want to have a draw[] array to hold anything that will be drawn. Because it is 2D, I assume I must prioritise depth over any other sorting or things will look weird. My game is turn based so Tiles and Objects won't be changing position every frame. However, Particles probably will. So I am thinking I can populate the draw[] array (probably a vector?) with what is on-screen and have it add/remove object, tile & particle references when I pan the screen or when a tile or object is specifically moved. No idea how often I'm going to have to update for particles right now. I want to do this because my game may have many thousands of objects and I want to iterate through as few as possible when drawing. I plan to give each element a depth value to sort by. So, my questions: Does the above method sound like a good way to deal with the actual drawing? What is the most efficient way to sort a vector? Most of the time it wont require efficiency. But for panning the screen it will. And I imagine if I have many particles on screen moving across multiple tiles, it may happen quite often. For reference, my screen will be drawing about 2,800 objects at any one time. When panning, it will be adding/removing about ~200 elements every second, and each new element will need adding in the correct location based on depth.

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  • I'm looking to learn how to apply traditional animation techniques to my graphics engine - are there any tutorials or online-resources that can help?

    - by blueberryfields
    There are many traditional animation techniques - such as blurring of motion, motion along an elliptical curve rather than a straight line, counter-motion before beginning of movement - which help with creating the appearance of a realistic 3D animated character. I'm looking to incorporate tools and short cuts for some of these into my graphics engine, to make it easier for my end users to use these techniques in their animations. Is there a good resource listing the techniques and the principles behind them, especially how they might apply to a graphics engine or 3D animation?

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  • Marching squares: Finding multiple contours within one source field?

    - by TravisG
    Principally, this is a follow-up-question to a problem from a few weeks ago, even though this is about the algorithm in general without application to my actual problem. The algorithm basically searches through all lines in the picture, starting from the top left of it, until it finds a pixel that is a border. In pseudo-C++: int start = 0; for(int i=0; i<amount_of_pixels; ++i) { if(pixels[i] == border) { start = i; break; } } When it finds one, it starts the marching squares algorithm and finds the contour to whatever object the pixel belongs to. Let's say I have something like this: Where everything except the color white is a border. And have found the contour points of the first blob: For the general algorithm it's over. It found a contour and has done its job. How can I move on to the other two blobs to find their contours as well?

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  • Bullet Physics implementing custom MotionState class

    - by Arosboro
    I'm trying to make my engine's camera a kinematic rigid body that can collide into other rigid bodies. I've overridden the btMotionState class and implemented setKinematicPos which updates the motion state's tranform. I use the overridden class when creating my kinematic body, but the collision detection fails. I'm doing this for fun trying to add collision detection and physics to Sean O' Neil's Procedural Universe I referred to the bullet wiki on MotionStates for my CPhysicsMotionState class. If it helps I can add the code for the Planetary rigid bodies, but I didn't want to clutter the post. Here is my motion state class: class CPhysicsMotionState: public btMotionState { protected: // This is the transform with position and rotation of the camera CSRTTransform* m_srtTransform; btTransform m_btPos1; public: CPhysicsMotionState(const btTransform &initialpos, CSRTTransform* srtTransform) { m_srtTransform = srtTransform; m_btPos1 = initialpos; } virtual ~CPhysicsMotionState() { // TODO Auto-generated destructor stub } virtual void getWorldTransform(btTransform &worldTrans) const { worldTrans = m_btPos1; } void setKinematicPos(btQuaternion &rot, btVector3 &pos) { m_btPos1.setRotation(rot); m_btPos1.setOrigin(pos); } virtual void setWorldTransform(const btTransform &worldTrans) { btQuaternion rot = worldTrans.getRotation(); btVector3 pos = worldTrans.getOrigin(); m_srtTransform->m_qRotate = CQuaternion(rot.x(), rot.y(), rot.z(), rot.w()); m_srtTransform->SetPosition(CVector(pos.x(), pos.y(), pos.z())); m_btPos1 = worldTrans; } }; I add a rigid body for the camera: // Create rigid body for camera btCollisionShape* cameraShape = new btSphereShape(btScalar(5.0f)); btTransform startTransform; startTransform.setIdentity(); // forgot to add this line CVector vCamera = m_srtCamera.GetPosition(); startTransform.setOrigin(btVector3(vCamera.x, vCamera.y, vCamera.z)); m_msCamera = new CPhysicsMotionState(startTransform, &m_srtCamera); btScalar tMass(80.7f); bool isDynamic = (tMass != 0.f); btVector3 localInertia(0,0,0); if (isDynamic) cameraShape->calculateLocalInertia(tMass,localInertia); btRigidBody::btRigidBodyConstructionInfo rbInfo(tMass, m_msCamera, cameraShape, localInertia); m_rigidBody = new btRigidBody(rbInfo); m_rigidBody->setCollisionFlags(m_rigidBody->getCollisionFlags() | btCollisionObject::CF_KINEMATIC_OBJECT); m_rigidBody->setActivationState(DISABLE_DEACTIVATION); This is the code in Update() that runs each frame: CSRTTransform srtCamera = CCameraTask::GetPtr()->GetCamera(); Quaternion qRotate = srtCamera.m_qRotate; btQuaternion rot = btQuaternion(qRotate.x, qRotate.y, qRotate.z, qRotate.w); CVector vCamera = CCameraTask::GetPtr()->GetPosition(); btVector3 pos = btVector3(vCamera.x, vCamera.y, vCamera.z); CPhysicsMotionState* cameraMotionState = CCameraTask::GetPtr()->GetMotionState(); cameraMotionState->setKinematicPos(rot, pos);

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  • how get collision callback of two specific objects using bullet physics?

    - by sebap123
    I have got problem implementing collision callback into my project. I would like to have detection between two specific objects. I have got normall collision but I want one object to stop or change color or whatever when colides with another. I wrote code from bullet wiki: int numManifolds = dynamicsWorld->getDispatcher()->getNumManifolds(); for (int i=0;i<numManifolds;i++) { btPersistentManifold* contactManifold = dynamicsWorld->getDispatcher()->getManifoldByIndexInternal(i); btCollisionObject* obA = static_cast<btCollisionObject*>(contactManifold->getBody0()); btCollisionObject* obB = static_cast<btCollisionObject*>(contactManifold->getBody1()); int numContacts = contactManifold->getNumContacts(); for (int j=0;j<numContacts;j++) { btManifoldPoint& pt = contactManifold->getContactPoint(j); if (pt.getDistance()<0.f) { const btVector3& ptA = pt.getPositionWorldOnA(); const btVector3& ptB = pt.getPositionWorldOnB(); const btVector3& normalOnB = pt.m_normalWorldOnB; bool x = (ContactProcessedCallback)(pt,fallRigidBody,earthRigidBody); if(x) printf("collision\n"); } } } where fallRigidBody is a dynamic body - a sphere and earthRigiBody is static body - StaticPlaneShape and sphere isn't touching earthRigidBody all the time. I have got also other objects that are colliding with sphere and it works fine. But the program detects collision all the time. It doesn't matter if the objects are or aren't colliding. I have also added after declarations of rigid body: earthRigidBody->setCollisionFlags(earthRigidBody->getCollisionFlags() | btCollisionObject::CF_CUSTOM_MATERIAL_CALLBACK); fallRigidBody->setCollisionFlags(fallRigidBody->getCollisionFlags() | btCollisionObject::CF_CUSTOM_MATERIAL_CALLBACK); So can someone tell me what I am doing wrong? Maybe it is something simple?

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  • How to apply Data Oriented Design with Object Oriented Programming?

    - by Pombal
    Hi. I've read lots of articles about DOD and I understand it but I can't design an Object Oriented system with DOD in mind, I think my OOP education is blocking me. How should I think to mix the two? The objective is to have a nice OO interface while using DOD behind the scenes. I saw this too but didn't help much: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3872354/how-to-apply-dop-and-keep-a-nice-user-interface

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  • Changing coordinate system from Z-up to Y-up

    - by Jari Komppa
    Blender's coordinate system is different from what I'm used to, in that Z points upwards instead of Y. What would be the simplest way of converting all the world data (so that all animations, texture coordinates, etc still work) so that Y points upwards? Clarification: Object positions are defined as matrices, so just switching translation/rotation/scale information in matrices is not a trivial task.

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  • Android - Force Close - Null Pointer on Canvas?

    - by user22241
    Please bear with me. I have a very odd problem. Basically, my app so far, has 3 activities (a main splash screen, an 'options/menu' screen and the main app). If I follow the very specific steps oulined below, I get a 'null pointer exception' in the 2nd activity) and the app force closes...... Here are the steps: Start the app (a game based on Surfaceview), tap through to the third activity so the game is running, then hit the home key so the game is paused and put to the background, the activity/app is ended through DDMS in the SDK then restarted on the device (all OK so far), now if I hit the back key on the device twice in quick succession, it happens. All other sequence of events is fine, even to the point of pressing the back key, waiting for the previous activity to show, then hitting back again - all OK. Only when the back key is pressed twice in quick succession following all the above steps does the problem occur. I'm assuming that the canvas isn't ready as it's showing as 'null' when this happens, but I'm not sure why this is happening as surely it's happening when I'm trying to go back to activity 1, but the logcat shows the error in activity 2. if I stop the activity running my 'doDraw' method (which referenced the canvas), then all is OK - so I can safely assume it is the canvas causing the problem. Also, if I skip my first activity (which is a very basic full-screen button which just displays a splashscreen and waits for the user to tap the screen), and make my 2nd activity the launch activity, again, it is OK. this is the part of the code that I think is probably relevant: @Override public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder arg0, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) { vheight = this.getHeight(); vwidth = this.getWidth(); } @Override public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) { vheight = this.getHeight(); vwidth = this.getWidth(); this.viewWidth = vwidth; this.viewHeight = vheight; if (runthread==false){ if (preThread.getState()==Thread.State.TERMINATED){ preThread = new OptionsThread(thisholder, thiscontext, thishandler); } preThread.setRunning(true); preThread.start();} } @Override public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) { preThread.setRunning(false); //Stop the loop boolean retry = true; //Stop the thread while (retry) { try { preThread.join(); retry = false; } catch (InterruptedException e) { } } Thank you all for any help you can offer

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  • Converting a WIndows Store App to Android

    - by pm_2
    I cross posted this from SO I'm very new to Xamarin. I have a few published Windows Store apps and want to convert them to Android. I'm attempting to use Xamarin for this. I'm just using the free version of Xamarin. Here's where I am so far: I am trying two apps - one was build with Monogame and one is just build on the WinRT framework. I have managed to get them both into Xamarin studio, basically by hacking the csproj files. I'm getting build errors because it's missing references. There does appear to be some equivalent Mono / .Net4 libraries, but things like Microsoft.Xna.Framework seem to be missing. So, my question is: am I going about this the right way and, if so, am I missing a step ("convert dependencies" or something)? If I'm not going about this the right way then how should I be doing this (I found very few online resources on this subject)?

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  • Collision with half of a semi-circle

    - by heitortsergent
    I am trying to port a game I made using Flash/AS3, to the Windows Phone using C#/XNA 4.0. You can see it here: http://goo.gl/gzFiE In the flash version I used a pixel-perfect collision between meteors (it's a rectangle, and usually rotated) that spawn outside the screen, and move towards the center, and a shield in the center of the screen(which is half of a semi-circle, also rotated by the player), which made the meteor bounce back in the opposite direction it came from, when they collided. My goal now is to make the meteors bounce in different angles, depending on the position it collides with the shield (much like Pong, hitting the borders causes a change in the ball's angle). So, these are the 3 options I thought of: Pixel-perfect collision (Microsoft has a sample) , but then I wouldn't know how to change the meteor angle after the collision 3 BoundingCircle's to represent the half semi-circle shield, but then I would have to somehow move them as I rotate the shield. Farseer Physics. I could make a shape composed of 3 lines, and use that as the collision object for the shield. Is there any other way besides those? Which would be the best way to do it(it's aimed towards mobile devices, so pixel-perfect is probably not a good choice)? Most of the time there's always a easier/better way than what we think of...

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  • DirectX 9.0c and C++ GUI

    - by SullY
    Well, I'm trying to code a gui for my engine, but I've got some problems. I know how to make a UI overlay but buttons are still black magic for me. Anything I tried was to compilcated ( if it goes big ). To Example I tried to look if the mouse position is the same as the Pixel that is showing the button. But If I use some bigger areas it's getting to complicated. Now I'm searching for a Tutorial how to implement your own gui. I'm really confused about it. Well I hope you have/ know some good tutorials. By the way, I took a look at the DXUTSample, but it's to big to get overview.

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  • What's the best way to add some particle or laser effects to an already animated character?

    - by Scott
    I just purchased some rigged and animated robot characters from 3drt for a game I'm making in unity. I would like to be able to add some weapon effects to the characters. For example, I would like for the robots to be able to shot lasers out of the hands at enemies. I have know idea where to even start with this task as I'm more of a programmer than a graphics guy. Can some experienced developers / designers please point me in a good direction? Thanks. Note: As of right now I have maya and blender installed on my computer.

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  • Updating "Inactive" Chunks

    - by Conner Bryan
    In my game, the only chunks (4x4 areas of tiles) in memory are the ones that the player is in. However, chunks need to have updates applied to them over time. A (likely) well-known example would be MineCraft: even if the player isn't in a chunk, the wheat still needs to grow over time. My current solution is to call a method and pass in the time since the chunk was active.. but what if the chunk depends on nearby chunks for information, i.e. vines spreading or similar? Is there any reasonable solutions to this problem, or should I simply not depend on nearby chunks?

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  • How does a collison engine work?

    - by JXPheonix
    Original question: Click me How exactly does a collision engine work? This is an extremely broad question. What code keeps things bouncing against each other, what code makes the player walk into a wall instead of walk through the wall? How does the code constantly refresh the players position and objects position to keep gravity and collision working as it should? If you don't know what a collision engine is, basically it's generally used in platformer games to make the player acutally hit walls and the like. There's the 2d type and the 3d type, but they all accomplish the same thing: collision. So, what keeps a collision engine ticking?

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  • How can I imitate interaction and movement in Diablo II?

    - by user422318
    I'm prototyping a simple browser-based game. It's played from a top down perspective on a 2d canvas. You left-click on a point on the map, and your character will begin walking to it. If you click on a different point on the map, then your character will begin walking to the new point. It's similar to Diablo II: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EvDKt-To6K0&feature=related How can I best imitate this movement system for a player? Ideas... Track current coords and target coords If target coords are exactly up, left, right, or down, then increment appropriate direction until you get there Implied else: target coords are in a quadrant. To make this movement look natural, character will have to move diagonally. For example, pretend the target is to the northeast. For each game frame, alternate incrementing current coordinates in the north and then east directions.

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  • Inputting cheat codes - hidden keyboard input

    - by Fibericon
    Okay, here's what I want to do - when the player is at the main menu, I want them to be able to type in cheat codes. That's the only place I want it to work. I don't want to give them a text box to type into. Rather, I want them to simply type in a word (let's say "cheat", just for simplicity sake) that activates the cheat code. I only need to capture keyboard input when the window is in focus. What can I do to accomplish this?

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  • How many textures can usually I bind at once?

    - by Avi
    I'm developing a game engine, and it's only going to work on modern (Shader model 4+) hardware. I figure that, by the time I'm done with it, that won't be such an unreasonable requirement. My question is: how many textures can I bind at once on a modern graphics card? 16 would be sufficient. Can I expect most modern graphics cards to support that amount? My GTX 460 appears to support 32, but I have no idea if that's representative of most modern video cards.

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  • Freelance composer seeking work! [closed]

    - by Ben Fowler
    Hey guys! I'm a freelance composer based in Victoria, Australia trying to break into the game industry to start my career! I've heard it said that having a plan B is planning for failure, so I've decided to go full on for what I want, so here I am! I have composed some music for other games, none of which have made it in yet (still hopeful :P) Any help on how I can break into to game industry as a composer would be MUCH appreciated!

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  • correct pattern to handle a lot of entities in a game

    - by lezebulon
    In my game I usually have every NPC / items etc being derived from a base class "entity". Then they all basically have a virtual method called "update" that I would class for each entity in my game at every frame. I am assuming that this is a pattern that has a lot of downsides. What are some other ways to manage different "game objects" throughout the game? Are there other well-known patterns for this? My game is a RPG if that changes anything

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  • Adding a short delay between bullets

    - by Sun
    I'm having some trouble simulating bullets in my 2D shooter. I want similar mechanics to Megaman, where the user can hold down the shoot button and a continues stream of bullets are fired but with a slight delay. Currently, when the user fires a bullet in my game a get an almost laser like effect. Below is a screen shot of some bullets being fired while running and jumping. In my update method I have the following: if(gc.getInput().isKeyDown(Input.KEY_SPACE) ){ bullets.add(new Bullet(player.getPos().getX() + 30,player.getPos().getY() + 17)); } Then I simply iterate through the array list increasing its x value on each update. Moreover, pressing the shoot button (Space bar) creates multiple bullets instead of just creating one even though I am adding only one new bullet to my array list. What would be the best way to solve this problem?

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  • How do I interpolate air drag with a variable time step?

    - by Valentin Krummenacher
    So I have a little game which works with small steps, however those steps vary in time, so for example I sometimes have 10 Steps/second and then I have 20 Steps/second. This changes automatically depending on how many steps the user's computer can take. To avoid inaccurate positioning of the game's player object I use y=v0*dt+g*dt^2/2 to determine my objects y-position, where dt is the time since the last step, v0 is the velocity of my object in the beginning of my step and g is the gravity. To calculate the velocity in the end of a step I use v=v0+g*dt what also gives me correct results, independent of whether I use 2 steps with a dt of for example 20ms or one step with a dt of 40ms. Now I would like to introduce air drag. For simplicity's sake I use a=k*v^2 where a is the air drag's acceleration (I am aware that it would usually result in a force, but since I assume 1kg for my object's mass the force is the same as the resulting acceleration), k is a constant (in this case I'm using 0.001) and v is the speed. Now in an infinitely small time interval a is k multiplied by the velocity in this small time interval powered by 2. The problem is that v in the next time interval would depend on the drag of the last which again depends on the v of the last interval and so on... In other words: If I use a=k*v^2 I get different results for my position/velocity when I use 2 steps of 20ms than when I use one step of 40ms. I used to have this problem for my position too, but adding +g*dt^2/2 to the formula for my position fixed the problem since it takes into account that the position depends on the velocity which changes slightly in every infinitely small time interval. Does something like that exist for air drag too? And no, I dont mean anything like Adding air drag to a golf ball trajectory equation or similar, for that kind of method only gives correct results when all my steps are the same. (I hope you can understand my intermediate english, it's not my main language so I would like to say sorry for all the silly mistakes I might have made in my question)

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  • Trouble with Collada bones

    - by KyleT
    I have a Collada file with a rigged mesh. I've read the node tags in the library_visual_scenes tag and extracted the matrix for each node and stored everything in a hierarchical bone structure. My Matrix container is "row major", so I'd store the first float of a matrix tag in the 1st row, 1st column, the second in the 1st row, 2nd column, etc. From what I gather this is the Bind Pose Matrix. After that I went through the tag and extracted the float array in the source tag of the skin tag of the controller for the mesh. I stored each matrix from this float array in their corresponding Bone as the Inverse Bind Matrix. I also extracted the bind-shape-matrix and stored it. Now I'd like to draw the skeleton with OpenGL to see if everything is working correctly before I go about skinning. I iterate once over my bones and multiply a bone's Bind Pose Matrix by it's parents and store that. After that I iterate again over the bones and multiply the result of the previous matrix multiplication by the Inverse Bind Matrix and then by the Bind Shape Matrix. The results look something like this: [0.2, 9.2, 5.8, 1.2 ] [4.6, -3.3, -0.2, -0.1 ] [-1.8, 0.2, -4.2, -3.9 ] [0, 0, 0, 1 ] I've had to go to various sources to get the little understanding of Collada I have and books about 3d transform matricies can get pretty intense. I've hit a brick wall and if you could please read through this and see if there is something I'm doing wrong, and how I'd go about getting an X,Y,Z to draw a point for each of these joints once I've calculated the final transform, I'd really appreciate it.

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  • What is the standard technique for shifting the frames of a sprite according to user input?

    - by virtual__
    From my own experience, I developed two techniques for changing the sprites of a character that's reacting to user input -- this in the context of a classic 2D platformer. The first one is to store all character's pixmaps in a list, putting the index of the currently used pixmap in an ordinary variable. This way, every time the player presses a key -- say the right arrow for moving the character forward -- the graphics engine sees what's the next pixmap to draw, draws it, and increments the index counter. That's a pretty common approach I believe, the problem is that in this case the animation's quality depends not only on the number of sprites available but also on how often your engine listens to user input. The second technique is to actually play an animation every key press event. For this you can use any sort of animation framework you want. It's only necessary to set the timer, the animation steps and to call the animation's play() method on your key press event handler. The problem with that approach is that is lacks responsiveness, since the character won't react to any input while the current animation is still being played. What I want to know is whether you are using one of these techniques -- or something similar -- in your games, or whether there's a standard method for animating sprites out there that's widely known by everybody but me.

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  • Questions before I revamp my rendering engine to use shaders (GLSL)

    - by stephelton
    I've written a fairly robust rendering engine using OpenGL ES 1.1 (fixed-function.) I've been looking into revamping the engine to use OpenGL ES 2.0, which necessitates that I use shaders. I've been absorbing information all day long and still have some questions. Firstly, lighting. The fixed-function pipeline is guaranteed to have at least 8 lights available. My current engine finds lights that are "close" to the primitives being drawn and enables them; I don't know how many lights are going to be enabled until I draw a given model. Nothing is dynamically allocated in GLSL, so I have to define in a shader some number of lights to be used, right? So if I want to stick with 8, should I write my general purpose shader to have 8 lights and then use uniforms to tell it how many / which lights to use? Which brings me to another question: should I be concerned with the amount of data I'm allocating in a shader? Recent video cards have hundreds of "stream processors." If I've got a fragment shader being used on some number of fragments in a given triangle, I assume they must each have their own stack to work on. Are read-only variables copied here, or read when needed? My initial goal is to rework my code so that it is virtually identical to the current implementation. What I have in mind is to create my own matrix stack so that I can implement something along the lines of push/popMatrix and apply all my translations, rotations, and scales to this matrix, then provide the matrix to the vertex shader so that it can make very quick vertex translations. Is this approach sound? Edit: My original intention was to ask if there was a tutorial that would explain the bare minimum necessary to jump from fixed-function to using shaders. Thanks!

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  • Operations on multiple overlapping layers not working

    - by Arun
    Hi I am developing a game in android just like Farmville by Zinga. In that game we have to place elements in the diamond shaped field so the don't overlap each other. Now I did coding for placing the field inside the farm field but I cannot stop the problem of overlapping of the farm field. I Am attaching the code that I have down for all this someone please help me.... try{ if(bm1.getPixel((int)initX,(int)initY)!=0){ if(bm1.getPixel((int)initX,(int)initY+20)!=0){ if(bm1.getPixel((int)initX-20,(int)initY)!=0){ if(bm1.getPixel((int)initX+20,(int)initY)!=0){ if(bm1.getPixel((int)initX,(int)initY-20)!=0){ c.drawBitmap(bm,initX-30,initY-20, paint); } } } } } }catch(Exception e) { Toast.makeText(getContext(), e.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT); }

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