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  • What are the factors that determine the default frequency of a shader call?

    - by user827992
    After i have been played for some days with various vertex and fragments shaders seems clear to me that this programs are called by the GPU at every and each rendering cycle, the problem is that I can't really quantify this frequency and I can't tell if is based on some default values or not because I don't have a big collection of hardware right now to do extensive tests. For what i know the answer could be really trivial like "it's the same of the refresh rate of your monitor", but i would like some good answers on that to be clear on this. For instance looks really odd to me that all the techniques used to control the amount of FPS that i have seen until now uses a call for the OpenGL function glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME) to retrieve a value in ms about when the rendering started but I have to relies on the CPU to do the math. Why I can't set an FPS value in OpenGL if OpenGL clearly has a counter and a timer/clock? PS I'm referring to OpenGL 3.0+

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  • Improving the efficiency of frustum culling

    - by DeadMG
    I've got some code which performs frustum culling. However, this defines the "frustum" way too broadly- when I have ~10 objects on screen, the code returns 42 objects to be rendered. I've tried taking "slices" through the frustum to attempt to increase the accuracy of the technique, but it doesn't seem to have made much impact. I also significantly reduced the far plane, so that the objects are barely at the edge. Here's my code (where size is the size in screen space- the resolution of the client area of the window I'm rendering into). Any suggestions? auto&& size = GetDimensions(); D3DVIEWPORT9 vp = { 0, 0, size.x, size.y, 0, 1 }; D3DCALL(device->SetViewport(&vp)); static const int slices = 10; std::vector<Object*> result; for(int i = 0; i < slices; i++) { D3DXVECTOR3 WorldSpaceFrustrumPoints[8] = { D3DXVECTOR3(0, size.y, static_cast<float>(i) / slices), D3DXVECTOR3(size.x, 0, static_cast<float>(i) / slices), D3DXVECTOR3(size.x, size.y, static_cast<float>(i) / slices), D3DXVECTOR3(0, 0, static_cast<float>(i) / slices), D3DXVECTOR3(0, 0, static_cast<float>(i + 1) / slices), D3DXVECTOR3(size.x, 0, static_cast<float>(i + 1) / slices), D3DXVECTOR3(size.x, size.y, static_cast<float>(i + 1) / slices), D3DXVECTOR3(0, size.y, static_cast<float>(i + 1) / slices) }; D3DXMATRIXA16 Identity; D3DXMatrixIdentity(&Identity); D3DXVec3UnprojectArray( WorldSpaceFrustrumPoints, sizeof(D3DXVECTOR3), WorldSpaceFrustrumPoints, sizeof(D3DXVECTOR3), &vp, &Projection, &View, &Identity, 8 ); Math::AABB Frustrum; auto world_begin = std::begin(WorldSpaceFrustrumPoints); auto world_end = std::end(WorldSpaceFrustrumPoints); auto world_initial = WorldSpaceFrustrumPoints[0]; Frustrum.BottomLeftClosest.x = std::accumulate(world_begin, world_end, world_initial, [](D3DXVECTOR3 lhs, D3DXVECTOR3 rhs) { return lhs.x < rhs.x ? lhs : rhs; }).x; Frustrum.BottomLeftClosest.y = std::accumulate(world_begin, world_end, world_initial, [](D3DXVECTOR3 lhs, D3DXVECTOR3 rhs) { return lhs.y < rhs.y ? lhs : rhs; }).y; Frustrum.BottomLeftClosest.z = std::accumulate(world_begin, world_end, world_initial, [](D3DXVECTOR3 lhs, D3DXVECTOR3 rhs) { return lhs.z < rhs.z ? lhs : rhs; }).z; Frustrum.TopRightFurthest.x = std::accumulate(world_begin, world_end, world_initial, [](D3DXVECTOR3 lhs, D3DXVECTOR3 rhs) { return lhs.x > rhs.x ? lhs : rhs; }).x; Frustrum.TopRightFurthest.y = std::accumulate(world_begin, world_end, world_initial, [](D3DXVECTOR3 lhs, D3DXVECTOR3 rhs) { return lhs.y > rhs.y ? lhs : rhs; }).y; Frustrum.TopRightFurthest.z = std::accumulate(world_begin, world_end, world_initial, [](D3DXVECTOR3 lhs, D3DXVECTOR3 rhs) { return lhs.z > rhs.z ? lhs : rhs; }).z; auto slices_result = ObjectTree.collision(Frustrum); result.insert(result.end(), slices_result.begin(), slices_result.end()); } return result;

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  • Bejeweled-like game, managing different gem/powerup behaviors?

    - by Wissam
    I thought I'd ask a question and look forward to some insight from this very compelling community. In a Bejeweled-like (Match 3) game, the standard behavior once a valid swap of two adjacent tiles is made is that the resulting matching tiles are destroyed, any tiles now sitting over empty spaces fall to the position above the next present-tile, and any void created above is filled with new tiles. In richer Match-3 games like Bejeweled, 4 in a row (as opposed to just 3) modifies this behavior such that the tile that was swapped is retained, turned into a "flaming" gem, it falls, and then the empty space above is filled. The next time that "flaming gem" is played it explodes and destroys the 8 perimeter tiles, triggers a different animation sequence (neighbors of those 8 tiles being destroyed look like they've been hit by a shockwave then they fall to their respective positions). Scoring is different, the triggered sounds are different, etc. There are even more elaborate behaviors for Match5, Match-cross-pattern, and many powerups that can be purchased, each which produces a more elaborate sequence of events, sounds, animations, scoring, etc... What is the best approach to developing all these different behaviors that respond to players' "move" and her current "performance" and that deviate from the standard sequence of events, scoring, animation, sounds etc, in such a way that we can always flexibly introduce a new "powerup" ? What we are doing now is hard-coding the events of each one, but the task is long and arduous and seems like the wrong approach especially since the game-designers and testers often offer (later) valuable insight on what works better in-game, which means that the code itself may have to be re-written even for minor changes in behavior (say, destroy only 7 neighboring tiles, instead of all 8 in an explosion). ANY pointers for good practices here would be highly appreciated.

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  • Store and create game objects at positions along terrain

    - by Alex
    I have a circular character that rolls down terrain like that shown in the picture below. The terrain is created from an array holding 1000 points. The ground is drawn one screen width infront and one screen width behind. So as the character moves, edges are created infront and edges are removed behind. My problem is, I want to create box2d bodies at certain locations along the path and need a way to store these creator methods or objects. I need some way to store a position at which they are created and some pointer to a function to create them, once the character is in range. I guess this would be an array of some sort that is checked each time the ground is updated and then if in range, the function is executed and removed from the array. But I'm not sure if its even possible to store pointers to functions with parameters included... any help is much appreciated!

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  • How do I plot individual pixels using the XNA APIs?

    - by izb
    If I wanted to fill my game screen with individually coloured pixels, how would I do this? For example, if I wanted to write a 'game of life'-type game where each pixel was a cell, how would I achieve this using XNA? I've tried just calling SetData() on a Texture2D object using a screen-sized array of Color values, but it complains with: You may not call SetData on a resource while it is actively set on the GraphicsDevice. Unset it from the device before calling SetData. How do I do as it asks? Or better still... is there an alternative, better, efficient way to fill a screen with arbitrary pixels?

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  • Javascript A* path finding

    - by Veyha
    I am trying to learn A* path finding. I am using this library - https://github.com/qiao/PathFinding.js But there is one thing I don't understand how to do. To find a path from player.x/player.y (player.x and player.y are both 0) to 10/10 I use this code var path = finder.findPath(player.x, player.y, 10, 10, grid); This gives an array of where I need to move, but how do I apply this array to my player.x and player.y? The path structure looks like this path = [[0, 0], [1, 0], [1, 1], ..., [10, 10]]

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  • On Screen Coin Animation

    - by Siddharth
    am working with side scrolling skater game. I want to perform coin animation such that as player collect coin it moves upside and attach with currency sprite. My main character and coin present in game scene and currency sprite present in HUD layer. This situation creates problem for me. Directly I can not apply modifier to coin because it is side scrolling game so based on main character speed it reaches at different position. That I have checked. So that I have to generate other coin at same position at game layer coin has, in HUD layer and move upward to it. But I didn't able to get its y position correct though I can able to get x position correctly. Many time main character goes downward so it get minus value many time. I also tried following code float[] position = GameHUD.this .convertSceneCoordinatesToLocalCoordinates(GameManager .getInstance().getCoinX(), GameManager.getInstance() .getCoinY()); But I am getting same coordinate as I provide. No difference in that so please some one provide me guidance in that. Because I am near to complete my game. EDIT: Here game layer and hud layer is totally different. Actual coin present in game layer which player has to collect and at same position I want to generate another coin in hud layer to perform some animation. It is recommended to generate coin in hud layer because through that only I can able to complete my target.

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  • How can I get accurate collision resolution on the corners of rectangles?

    - by ssb
    I have a working collision system implemented, and it's based on minimum translation vectors. This works fine in most cases except when the minimum translation vector is not actually in the direction of the collision. For example: When a rectangle is on the far edge on any side of another rectangle, a force can be applied, in this example down, the pushes one rectangle into the other, particularly a static object like a wall or a floor. As in the picture, the collision is coming from above, but because it's on the very edge, it translates to the left instead of back up. I've searched for a while to find an approach but everything I can find deals with general corner collisions where my problem is only in this one limited case. Any suggestions?

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  • Cocos2d update leaking memory

    - by Andrey Chernukha
    I have a weird issue - my app is leaking memory on device only, not on a simulator. It is leaking if i schedule update method anywhere, on any scene. It is leaking despite update method is empty, there's nothing inside it except NSLog. How can it be? I have even scheduled update on the very first scene where it seems there's nothing to leak, and scheduled another empty and it's leaking or not leaking but allocating something, the result is the same - the volume of the memory consumed is increasing and my app is crashing soon. I can detect the leakage via using Instruments-Memory-Activity Monitor or with help of following function: void report_memory(void) { struct task_basic_info info; mach_msg_type_number_t size = sizeof(info); kern_return_t kerr = task_info(mach_task_self(), TASK_BASIC_INFO, (task_info_t)&info, &size); if( kerr == KERN_SUCCESS ) { NSLog(@"Memory in use (in bytes): %u", info.resident_size); } else { NSLog(@"Error with task_info(): %s", mach_error_string(kerr)); } } Can anyone explain me what's going on?

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  • Jitter during wall collisions with Bullet Physics: contact/penetration tolerance?

    - by Niriel
    I use the bullet physics engine through Panda3d. My scene is still very simple, think 'Wolfenstein3d': tile-based, walls are solid cubes. I expect walls to block the player, and I expect the player to slide along the walls in case of non-normal incidence. What I get is what I expect, with one difference: there is some jitter. If I try to force myself into the wall, then I see the frames blinking quickly between two positions. These differ by about 0.04 units of distance, which corresponds to 4 cm in my game. I noticed a 4 cm elsewhere: the bottom of my player capsule is 4 cm below ground, when at rest. Does that mean that there is somewhere in the Bullet engine a default 0.04-units-long tolerance to differentiate contact from collision? If so, what should I do ? Should I change the scale of my game so that these 0.04 units correspond to 0.4 cm, making the jitter ten times smaller? Or can I ask bullet to change its tolerance to a smaller value? Edit This is the jitter I get: 6.155 - 6.118 = 0.036 LPoint3f(0, 6.11694, 0.835) LPoint3f(0, 6.15499, 0.835) LPoint3f(0, 6.11802, 0.835) LPoint3f(0, 6.15545, 0.835) LPoint3f(0, 6.11817, 0.835) LPoint3f(0, 6.15726, 0.835) LPoint3f(0, 6.11876, 0.835) LPoint3f(0, 6.15911, 0.835) LPoint3f(0, 6.11937, 0.835) I found a setMargin method. I set it to 5 mm both on the BoxShape for the walls and on the Capsule shape for the player. It still jitters by about 35 mm as illustrated by this log (11.117 - 11.082 = 0.035): LPoint3f(0, 11.0821, 0.905) LPoint3f(0, 11.1169, 0.905) LPoint3f(0, 11.082, 0.905) LPoint3f(0, 11.117, 0.905) LPoint3f(0, 11.082, 0.905) LPoint3f(0, 11.117, 0.905) LPoint3f(0, 11.0821, 0.905) LPoint3f(0, 11.1175, 0.905) LPoint3f(0, 11.0822, 0.905) LPoint3f(0, 11.1178, 0.905) LPoint3f(0, 11.0823, 0.905) LPoint3f(0, 11.1183, 0.905) The margin on the capsule did change my penetration with the floor though, I'm a bit higher (0.905 instead of 0.835). However, it did not change anything when colliding with the walls. How can I make the collisions against the walls less jittery? Edit, the day after: After more investigation, it appears that dynamic objects behave well. My problem comes from the btKinematicCharacterController that I use for moving my character; that stuff is totally bugged, according to the whole Internet :/.

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  • How do I create a bounding frustrum from a view & projection matrix?

    - by Narf the Mouse
    Given a left-handed Projection matrix, a left-handed View matrix, a ViewProj matrix of View * Projection - How do I create a bounding Frustum comprised of near, far, left, right and top, bottom planes? The only example I could find on Google (Tutorial 16: Frustum Culling) seems to not work; for example, if the math is used as given, the near-plane's distance is a negative. This places the near-plane behind the camera...

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  • One-way platforms in UDK

    - by Jordaan Mylonas
    I'm looking to make a multi-player platforming game using UDK. I'm currently doing feasibility research, to make sure I will reasonably be able to do all of the technical things I want to do. The first major hurdle I've come across without being able to find as answer, are one-way platforms. That is to say, platforms through which a player can jump up, but not fall through (unless they choose to). These are commonly seen in games like Mario, Kirby and Smash Bros. Does anyone know how such a system would work within UDK? I can think of solutions that might work for single-player, but not multi.

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  • Interpolation between two 3D points?

    - by meds
    I'm working with some splines which define a path a character follows (you can see a gameplay video here to get a better understanding of what's going on: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BndobjOiZ6g). Basically the characters 'forward' look direction is set to the 'forward' direction of the spline and when players tilt their phone left and right the character is strafed along its 'right' coordinate. The issue with this is (rather obviously) in performance, interpolating over a spline to find the nearest position and tangent relative to the player is an incredibly costly operation. To get by this I cache a finite number of positions in what I call 'SplineDetails', the class is as follows: public class SplineDetails { public SplineDetails() { Forward = Vector3.forward; Position = Vector3.one * float.MaxValue; Alpha = -1; } public float Alpha; // [0,1] measured along length of spline where 0 is the initial point and 1 is the end point of the spline public Vector3 Position; // the point of the spline at this alpha public Vector3 Forward; // the forward tangent of the spline at this alpha } I populate this with say 30 coordinates and I can give a rough estimate of a coordinate and 'forward' based on a position past in. It's not as accurate but it's much faster. But now I'd like to make the system work better by estimating positions and 'forward' directions by interpolating between two of the cached points though I'm stuck trying to figure out some logic. My first problem is, how can I determine between which two points the object is? Given each point can be placed at different intervals along the spline it could mean that two points in front or behind the object can be closer to the object. The other problem is to figure out the proportion between the two paths it's between, i.e. if there is a point a at coordinate (0,0,0) and point b at coordinate (1,0,0) if the object is at position (0.5,0,0) then the result it should give is '0.5' (as it is equal distance away from point a and point b). That's a simple example, but what if the object is at coordinate (0.5,3,0) for example?

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  • How to implement Fog Of War with an shader?

    - by Cambrano
    Okay, I'm creating a RTS game and want to implement an AgeOfEmpires-like Fog Of War(FOW). That means a tile(or pixel) can be: 0% transparent (unexplored) 50% transparent black (explored but not in viewrange) 100% transparent(explored and in viewrange) RTS means I'll have many explorers (NPCs, buildings, ...). Okay, so I have an 2d array of bytes byte[,] explored. The byte value correlates the transparency. The question is, how do I pass this array to my shader? Well I think it is not possible to pass an entire array. So: what technique shall I use to let my shader know if a pixel/tile is visible or not?

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  • Indexed Drawing in OpenGL not working

    - by user2050846
    I am trying to render 2 types of primitives- - points ( a Point Cloud ) - triangles ( a Mesh ) I am rendering points simply without any index arrays and they are getting rendered fine. To render the meshes I am using indexed drawing with the face list array having the indices of the vertices to be rendered as Triangles. Vertices and their corresponding vertex colors are stored in their corresponding buffers. But the indexed drawing command do not draw anything. The code is as follows- Main Display Function: void display() { simple->enable(); simple->bindUniform("MV",modelview); simple->bindUniform("P", projection); // rendering Point Cloud glBindVertexArray(vao); // Vertex buffer Point Cloud glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,vertexbuffer); glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glVertexAttribPointer(0,3,GL_FLOAT,GL_FALSE,0,0); // Color Buffer point Cloud glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,colorbuffer); glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); glVertexAttribPointer(1,3,GL_FLOAT,GL_FALSE,0,0); // Render Colored Point Cloud //glDrawArrays(GL_POINTS,0,model->vertexCount); glDisableVertexAttribArray(0); glDisableVertexAttribArray(1); // ---------------- END---------------------// //// Floor Rendering glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,fl); glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); glVertexAttribPointer(0,3,GL_FLOAT,GL_FALSE,0,0); glVertexAttribPointer(1,4,GL_FLOAT,GL_FALSE,0,(void *)48); glDrawArrays(GL_QUADS,0,4); glDisableVertexAttribArray(0); glDisableVertexAttribArray(1); // -----------------END---------------------// //Rendering the Meshes //////////// PART OF CODE THAT IS NOT DRAWING ANYTHING //////////////////// glBindVertexArray(vid); for(int i=0;i<NUM_MESHES;i++) { glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,mVertex[i]); glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); glVertexAttribPointer(0,3,GL_FLOAT,GL_FALSE,0,0); glVertexAttribPointer(1,3,GL_FLOAT,GL_FALSE,0,(void *)(meshes[i]->vertexCount*sizeof(glm::vec3))); //glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES,0,meshes[i]->vertexCount); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,mFace[i]); //cout<<gluErrorString(glGetError()); glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES,meshes[i]->faceCount*3,GL_FLOAT,(void *)0); glDisableVertexAttribArray(0); glDisableVertexAttribArray(1); } glUseProgram(0); glutSwapBuffers(); glutPostRedisplay(); } Point Cloud Buffer Allocation Initialization: void initGLPointCloud() { glGenBuffers(1,&vertexbuffer); glGenBuffers(1,&colorbuffer); glGenBuffers(1,&fl); //Populates the position buffer glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,vertexbuffer); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, model->vertexCount * sizeof (glm::vec3), &model->positions[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW); //Populates the color buffer glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorbuffer); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, model->vertexCount * sizeof (glm::vec3), &model->colors[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW); model->FreeMemory(); // To free the not needed memory, as the data has been already // copied on graphic card, and wont be used again. glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,0); } Meshes Buffer Initialization: void initGLMeshes(int i) { glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,mVertex[i]); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,meshes[i]->vertexCount*sizeof(glm::vec3)*2,NULL,GL_STATIC_DRAW); glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,0,meshes[i]->vertexCount*sizeof(glm::vec3),&meshes[i]->positions[0]); glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,meshes[i]->vertexCount*sizeof(glm::vec3),meshes[i]->vertexCount*sizeof(glm::vec3),&meshes[i]->colors[0]); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,mFace[i]); glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,meshes[i]->faceCount*sizeof(glm::vec3), &meshes[i]->faces[0],GL_STATIC_DRAW); meshes[i]->FreeMemory(); //glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,0); } Initialize the Rendering, load and create shader and calls the mesh and PCD initializers. void initRender() { simple= new GLSLShader("shaders/simple.vert","shaders/simple.frag"); //Point Cloud //Sets up VAO glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao); glBindVertexArray(vao); initGLPointCloud(); //floorData glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, fl); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(floorData), &floorData[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,0); glBindVertexArray(0); //Meshes for(int i=0;i<NUM_MESHES;i++) { if(i==0) // SET up the new vertex array state for indexed Drawing { glGenVertexArrays(1, &vid); glBindVertexArray(vid); glGenBuffers(NUM_MESHES,mVertex); glGenBuffers(NUM_MESHES,mColor); glGenBuffers(NUM_MESHES,mFace); } initGLMeshes(i); } glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); } Any help would be much appreciated, I have been breaking my head on this problem since 3 days, and still it is unsolved.

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  • Car brands and models licensing

    - by Ju-v
    We are small team which working on car racing game but we don't know about licensing process for branded cars like Nissan, Lamborghini, Chevrolet and etc. Do we need to buy any licence for using real car brand names, models, logos,... or we can use them for free? Second option we think about using not real brand with real models is it possible? If someone have experience with that, fell free to share it. Any information about that is welcome.

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  • Why is my arrow texture being drawn in odd places?

    - by tyjkenn
    This is a script I wrote that places an arrow on the screen, pointing to an enemy off-screen, or, if the enemy is on-screen, it places an arrow hovering above the enemy. Everything seems to work, except for some odd reason, I see random arrows floating around, often skewed and resized (which I really don't understand, because I only rotate and place in this script). Even when I only have one enemy in the scene, I still see these random arrows. It should only be drawing one per enemy. Note: when all enemies are removed, no arrows appear. var arrow : Texture; var cam : Camera; var dim : int = 30; function OnGUI() { var objects = GameObject.FindGameObjectsWithTag("Enemy"); for(var ob : GameObject in objects) { var pos = cam.WorldToViewportPoint(ob.transform.position); if(gameObject.GetComponent(FollowCamera).target != null){ var tar = gameObject.GetComponent(FollowCamera).target.parent; } if(pos.z>1 && ob.transform != tar){ var xDiff = (pos.x*cam.pixelWidth)-(cam.pixelWidth/2); var yDiff = (pos.y*cam.pixelHeight)-(cam.pixelHeight/2); var angle = Mathf.Rad2Deg*Mathf.Atan(yDiff/xDiff)+180; if(xDiff>0) angle += 180; var dist = Mathf.Sqrt(xDiff*xDiff + yDiff*yDiff); var slope = yDiff/xDiff; var camSlope = cam.pixelHeight/cam.pixelWidth; var theX = -1000.0; var theY = -1000.0; var mult = 0; var temp; if(Mathf.Abs(xDiff)>(cam.pixelWidth/2)||Mathf.Abs(yDiff)>(cam.pixelHeight/2)){ //touching right if(slope<camSlope && slope>-camSlope) { if(xDiff>(cam.pixelWidth/2)) { theX = cam.pixelWidth - (dim/2); mult = -1; }else if(xDiff<-(cam.pixelWidth/2)) { theX = (dim/2); mult = 1; } temp = ((cam.pixelWidth/2)*yDiff)/xDiff; theY =(cam.pixelHeight/2)+(mult*temp); } else{ if(yDiff>(cam.pixelHeight/2)) { theY = (dim/2); mult = 1; }else if(yDiff<-(cam.pixelHeight/2)) { theY = cam.pixelHeight - (dim/2); mult = -1; } temp = ((cam.pixelHeight/2)*xDiff)/yDiff; theX =(cam.pixelWidth/2)+(mult*temp); } } else { angle = -90; theX = (cam.pixelWidth/2)+xDiff; theY = (cam.pixelHeight/2)-yDiff-dim; } GUIUtility.RotateAroundPivot(-angle, Vector2(theX, theY)); Graphics.DrawTexture(Rect(theX-(dim/2),theY-(dim/2),dim,dim),arrow,null); GUIUtility.RotateAroundPivot(angle, Vector2(theX, theY)); } } }

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  • Render angles of a 3D model into 2D images?

    - by Ricket
    Is there a tool out there that you can give a 3D model file, and it will output 2D renders of it from various angles? For example if you were making a 2D RPG but you want to make your character look nice, you might make the character in 3D and then just render the character from 8 or more angles into images which then are used by the 2D engine to give a pseudo-3D look. Does such a tool exist or will it need to be custom-written or done manually?

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  • How to set orthgraphic matrix for a 2d camera with zooming?

    - by MahanGM
    I'm using ID3DXSprite to draw my sprites and haven't set any kind of camera projection matrix. How to setup an orthographic projection matrix for camera in DirectX which it would be able to support zoom functionality? D3DXMATRIX orthographicMatrix; D3DXMATRIX identityMatrix; D3DXMatrixOrthoLH(&orthographicMatrix, nScreenWidth, nScreenHeight, 0.0f, 1.0f); D3DXMatrixIdentity(&identityMatrix); device->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &orthographicMatrix); device->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &identityMatrix); device->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, &identityMatrix); This code is for initial setup. Then, for zooming I multiply zoom factor in nScreenWidth and nScreenHeight.

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  • How do I position a 2D camera in OpenGL?

    - by Elfayer
    I can't understand how the camera is working. It's a 2D game, so I'm displaying a game map from (0, 0, 0) to (mapSizeX, 0, mapSizeY). I'm initializing the camera as follow : Camera::Camera(void) : position_(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), rotation_(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f) {} void Camera::initialize(void) { glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); glTranslatef(position_.x, position_.y, position_.z); gluPerspective(70.0f, 800.0f/600.0f, 1.0f, 10000.0f); gluLookAt(0.0f, 6000.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL); } So the camera is looking down. I currently see the up right border of the map in the center of my window and the map expand to the down left border of my window. I would like to center the map. The logical thing to do should be to move the camera to eyeX = mapSizeX / 2 and the same for z. My map has 10 x 10 cases with CASE = 400, so I should have : gluLookAt((10 / 2) * CASE /* = 2000 */, 6000.0f, (10 / 2) * CASE /* = 2000 */, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); But that doesn't move the camera, but seems to rotate it. Am I doing something wrong? EDIT : I tried that: gluLookAt(2000.0f, 6000.0f, 0.0f, 2000.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); Which correctly moves the map in the middle of the window in width. But I can't move if correctly in height. It always returns the axis Z. When I go up, It goes down and the same for right and left. I don't see the map anymore when I do : gluLookAt(2000.0f, 6000.0f, 2000.0f, 2000.0f, 0.0f, 2000.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

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  • How are these bullets done?

    - by Mike
    I really want to know how the bullets in Radiangames Inferno are done. The bullets seem like they are just billboard particles but I am curious about how their tails are implemented. They can curve so this means they are not just a billboard. Also, they appear continuous which implies that the tails are not made of a bunch of smaller particles (I think). Can anyone shead some light on this for me?

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  • Any technical references for game-oriented icons and symbols?

    - by willc2
    To make localizing easier, I'm using icons to show in-game information like achievements and bonuses. Coming up with good designs isn't easy, especially when it has to be integrated into the rest of the game's art style. Can I do better than looking at some random selection of existing games? Are there any reference books or sites that cover game graphics specifically? I'm looking for more theory and best-practices rather than pre-made graphics.

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  • Why distance field text rendering have clear outline?

    - by jinhwan
    http://www.valvesoftware.com/publications/2007/SIGGRAPH2007_AlphaTestedMagnification.pdf All the process for doing distance rendering is clear, but 'how does it work' is not clear for me. It looks like that distance field pixels which are created around original pixel may affect 2d texture sampling interpolation process. But I can't understand the interpolation process. I've read that the distance field rendering is processed under nearest-neighbour interpolation. If it is true, shouldn't the distance field redering creates non interpolated result? In my thought, they should looks liked retro style pixel art. Where do i misunderstand in this process? So far, It is no difference with alpha test for me. Both of them throw away all pixcel which are not in. How does extra distance field pixel affect rendering under nearest-neighbour interpolation?

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  • Java: How to Make a Player Class in a Tile-Based RPG

    - by A.K.
    So I've been following a JavaHub tutorial that basically uses a pixel engine similar to MiniCraft. I've attempted to make a Player Class as such, and I'm basically making a mock Pokemon game for learning's sake: package pokemon.entity; import java.awt.Rectangle; import pokemon.gfx.Screen; import pokemon.levelgen.Tile; import pokemon.entity.SpritesManage;; public class Player { int x, y; int vx, vy; public Rectangle AshRec; public Sprite AshSprite; Screen screen; Sprite[][] AshSheet; public Player() { AshSprite = SpritesManage.AshSheet[1][0]; AshRec = new Rectangle(0, 0, 16, 16); x = 0; y = 0; vx = 1; vy = 1; screen.renderSprite(0, 0, AshSprite); } public void update() { move(); checkCollision(); } private void checkCollision() { } private void move() { AshRec.x += vx; AshRec.y += vy; } public void render(Screen screen, int x, int y) { screen.renderSprite(x, y, AshSprite); } } I guess what I really want to do is have the Player centered in the screen and have the sprite drawn based on an Input Handler. I'm just stumped as to how to sync these together.

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  • Procedural Planets, Heightmaps and Textures

    - by henryprescott
    I am currently working on an OpenGL procedural planet generator. I hope to use it for a space RPG, that will not allow players to go down to the surface of a planet so I have ignored anything ROAM related. At the moment I am drawing a cube with VBOs and mapping onto a sphere. I am familiar with most fractal heightmap generating techniques and have already implemented my own version of midpoint displacement (not that useful in this case I know). My question is, what is the best way to procedurally generate the heightmap. I have looked at libnoise which allows me to make tilable heightmaps/textures, but as far as I can see I would need to generate a net like this. Leaving the tiling obvious. Could anyone advise me on the best route to take? Any input would be much appreciated.

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