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• What to do if I am working on a language that I don't like

  - by Sayem Ahmed

  Hi there, I really don't know if this is the right place to ask this question, but if it isn't, then I guess someone will notify. Anyway, I am working in a software development farm which is currently using PowerBuilder to develop a mid-size ERP solution. The work environment and company management are so great that it may be the best in the whole Bangladesh. Only problem is the technology that are currently being used, which is this PowerBuilder. Now I am a guy who tends to prefer modern development technologies, like DI containers, ORM, TDD, JQuery etc. PowerBuilder is a great tool too, but I couldn' like the application techniques used to build PB applications. These techniques are so inheritance-dependent that many a times these create a great deal of sufferings. I remember two days ago I had to change some processing logic in a core user object and as a result I had to test and re-test all the forms that the application have(apparently, there are almost 20 forms there, each of them with 3-4 kinds of functionalities). Also, learning PB is tough, because online material on this thing is very, very low. I can't afford to read all the documentation that PB provide because I have hard deadlines on the work that I have to do. Another thing with PB is that applications tend to rely on business logic that are implemented on databases which causes debugging to be a nightmare. As a result, I don't feel motivated enough to work in this IDE/System/Framework (or whatever) anymore. My productivity has greatly decreased, and I am not delivering quality code. I think I have the following options available to me - Remain in the current job, keep delivering worse code and let my productivity decrease day by day, taking salaries and bonuses but not delivering quality codes/doing my job the way I should, Search for a new job. At this point number 2 seems a good option, but there are also some issues. As I mentioned before, our management may be the best in the country. Our company owner is himself a software developer with 24 years of experience in software development. He is currently our Team Leader and System Analyst. He is by far the greatest manager and boss I have ever seen. He understands developer's mentality very well(as he IS himself a developer). He is also a great, kind and generous guy. Our company is only a start-up company with 10 developers. Among them, only 3-4 people knows about the business logic behind the ERP, and I am one of them. If I switch my current job, it may hamper the development of this product which I really don't want. I couldn't decide what to do in this situation, so I turned to the community for advice.

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• Doing "it all from scratch" is different than OS-specifics

  - by Bigyellow Bastion

  Many people tell me that in order to write my own operating system I need to understand the inner-workings of the one I'll be writing it on. That's nonsense. I mean I understand it for education purposes, such as studying the workings of a current OS to gain better knowledge of writing one myself. But the OS I'm writing it on is nothing but my scratchpad offering me software to write the code in, and software to assemble/compile my code into executable instructions. I've been told that I need to decide which OS I'm writing it on before I write it, but all I need is an assembler to produce flat binary, or a compiler to produce object code and a linker to link it into a flat binary .bin file. Why do people say it matters which OS you make an OS on, when it doesn't?

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• Improvements to Joshua Bloch's Builder Design Pattern?

  - by Jason Fotinatos

  Back in 2007, I read an article about Joshua Blochs take on the "builder pattern" and how it could be modified to improve the overuse of constructors and setters, especially when an object has a large number of properties, most of which are optional. A brief summary of this design pattern is articled here [http://rwhansen.blogspot.com/2007/07/theres-builder-pattern-that-joshua.html]. I liked the idea, and have been using it since. The problem with it, while it is very clean and nice to use from the client perspective, implementing it can be a pain in the bum! There are so many different places in the object where a single property is reference, and thus creating the object, and adding a new property takes a lot of time. So...I had an idea. First, an example object in Joshua Bloch's style: Josh Bloch Style: public class OptionsJoshBlochStyle { private final String option1; private final int option2; // ...other options here <<<< public String getOption1() { return option1; } public int getOption2() { return option2; } public static class Builder { private String option1; private int option2; // other options here <<<<< public Builder option1(String option1) { this.option1 = option1; return this; } public Builder option2(int option2) { this.option2 = option2; return this; } public OptionsJoshBlochStyle build() { return new OptionsJoshBlochStyle(this); } } private OptionsJoshBlochStyle(Builder builder) { this.option1 = builder.option1; this.option2 = builder.option2; // other options here <<<<<< } public static void main(String[] args) { OptionsJoshBlochStyle optionsVariation1 = new OptionsJoshBlochStyle.Builder().option1("firefox").option2(1).build(); OptionsJoshBlochStyle optionsVariation2 = new OptionsJoshBlochStyle.Builder().option1("chrome").option2(2).build(); } } Now my "improved" version: public class Options { // note that these are not final private String option1; private int option2; // ...other options here public String getOption1() { return option1; } public int getOption2() { return option2; } public static class Builder { private final Options options = new Options(); public Builder option1(String option1) { this.options.option1 = option1; return this; } public Builder option2(int option2) { this.options.option2 = option2; return this; } public Options build() { return options; } } private Options() { } public static void main(String[] args) { Options optionsVariation1 = new Options.Builder().option1("firefox").option2(1).build(); Options optionsVariation2 = new Options.Builder().option1("chrome").option2(2).build(); } } As you can see in my "improved version", there are 2 less places in which we need to add code about any addition properties (or options, in this case)! The only negative that I can see is that the instance variables of the outer class are not able to be final. But, the class is still immutable without this. Is there really any downside to this improvement in maintainability? There has to be a reason which he repeated the properties within the nested class that I'm not seeing?

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• Where can I start learning to build web applications in C#

  - by Carson Myers

  So far I've written web sites in PHP, except for a pet project of mine written in Python. I'd like to start learning C# for use on the web, but I have no idea where to start. I know nothing of .Net. Are there any good tutorials or online books etc. which give a brief intro to the .Net environment (specifically C#, and specifically for the web)? I'm not even sure what I need to install. Visual Studio I guess, but what else? Anything special, or will VS do the trick?

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• What strategy to use when starting in a new project with no documentation?

  - by Amir Rezaei

  Which is the best why to go when there are no documentation? For example how do you learn business rules? I have done the following steps: Since we are using a ORM tool I have printed a copy of database schema where I can see relations between objects. I have made a list of short names/table names that I will get explained. The project is client/server enterprise application using MVVM pattern.

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• Career path to get into computer science research

  - by srinathhs

  I taught this question will be appropriate to ask here. I am currently a software engineer working mainly on Java stuff , along with some android. My question : I want to be a researcher in "computer science" down the line 6 - 7 yrs, what do you folks suggest should be my path to reach it ? Constraints : I cannot cannot do formal MS or PHD , I simply cant afford it. I can dedicate certain amount of time per day to study and research.

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• Should a domain expert make class diagrams?

  - by Matthieu

  The domain expert in our team uses UML class diagrams to model the domain model. As a result, the class diagrams are more of technical models rather than domain models (it serves of some sort of technical specifications for developpers because they don't have to do any conception, they just have to implement the model). In the end, the domain expert ends up doing the job of the architect/technical expert right? Is it normal for a domain expert (not a developer or technical profile) to do class diagrams? If not, what kind of modeling should he be using?

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• How to refactor a Python “god class”?

  - by Zearin

  Problem I’m working on a Python project whose main class is a bit “God Object”. There are so friggin’ many attributes and methods! I want to refactor the class. So Far… For the first step, I want to do something relatively simple; but when I tried the most straightforward approach, it broke some tests and existing examples. Basically, the class has a loooong list of attributes—but I can clearly look over them and think, “These 5 attributes are related…These 8 are also related…and then there’s the rest.” getattr I basically just wanted to group the related attributes into a dict-like helper class. I had a feeling __getattr__ would be ideal for the job. So I moved the attributes to a separate class, and, sure enough, __getattr__ worked its magic perfectly well… At first. But then I tried running one of the examples. The example subclass tries to set one of these attributes directly (at the class level). But since the attribute was no longer “physically located” in the parent class, I got an error saying that the attribute did not exist. @property I then read up about the @property decorator. But then I also read that it creates problems for subclasses that want to do self.x = blah when x is a property of the parent class. Desired Have all client code continue to work using self.whatever, even if the parent’s whatever property is not “physically located” in the class (or instance) itself. Group related attributes into dict-like containers. Reduce the extreme noisiness of the code in the main class. For example, I don’t simply want to change this: larry = 2 curly = 'abcd' moe = self.doh() Into this: larry = something_else('larry') curly = something_else('curly') moe = yet_another_thing.moe() …because that’s still noisy. Although that successfully makes a simply attribute into something that can manage the data, the original had 3 variables and the tweaked version still has 3 variables. However, I would be fine with something like this: stooges = Stooges() And if a lookup for self.larry fails, something would check stooges and see if larry is there. (But it must also work if a subclass tries to do larry = 'blah' at the class level.) Summary Want to replace related groups of attributes in a parent class with a single attribute that stores all the data elsewhere Want to work with existing client code that uses (e.g.) larry = 'blah' at the class level Want to continue to allow subclasses to extend, override, and modify these refactored attributes without knowing anything has changed Is this possible? Or am I barking up the wrong tree?

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• Creating reproducible builds to verify Free Software

  - by mikkykkat

  Free Software is about freedom and privacy, Open Source software is great but making that fully practical usually won't happen. Most Free Software developers publicize binaries that we can't verify are really compiled from the source code or have something bad injected already! We have the freedom to change the code, but privacy for ordinary users is missing. For desktop software there is a lot of languages and opportunities to create Free Software with a reproducible build process (compiling source code to always produce the exact same binary), but for mobile computing I don't know if same thing is possible or not? Mobile devices are probably the future of computing and Android is the only Open Source environment so far which accept Java for coding. Compiling same Android application won't result in the exact same binary every time. For Open Source Android apps how we can verify the produced binary (.apk) is really compiled from the source code? Is there any way to create reproducible builds from the Android SDK or does Java fail here for Free Software? is there any java software ever wrote with a reproducible build?

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• Question on design of current pagination implementations

  - by Freshblood

  I have checked pagination implementations on asp.net mvc specifically and i really feel that there is something less efficient in implementations. First of all all implementations use pagination values like below. public ActionResult MostPopulars(int pageIndex,int pageSize) { } The thing that i feel wrong is pageIndex and pageSize totally should be member of Pagination class otherwise this way looks so much functional way. Also it simplify unnecesary paramater pass in tiers of application. Second thing is that they use below interface. public interface IPagedList<T> : IList<T> { int PageCount { get; } int TotalItemCount { get; } int PageIndex { get; } int PageNumber { get; } int PageSize { get; } bool HasPreviousPage { get; } bool HasNextPage { get; } bool IsFirstPage { get; } bool IsLastPage { get; } } If i want to routing my pagination to different action so i have to create new view model for encapsulate action name in it or even controller name. Another solution can be that sending this interfaced model to view then specify action and controller hard coded in pager method as parameter but i am losing totally re-usability of my view because it is strictly depends on just one action. Another thing is that they use below code in view Html.Pager(Model.PageSize, Model.PageNumber, Model.TotalItemCount) If the model is IPagedList why they don't provide an overload method like @Html.Pager(Model) or even better one is @Html.Pager(). You know that we know model type in this way. Before i was doing mistake because i was using Model.PageIndex instead of Model.PageNumber. Another big issue is they strongly rely on IQueryable interface. How they know that i use IQueryable in my data layer ? I would expected that they work simply with collections that is keep pagination implementation persistence ignorant. What is wrong about my improvement ideas over their pagination implementations ? What is their reason to not implement their paginations in this way ?

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• What is a resonable workflow for designing webapps?

  - by Evan Plaice

  It has been a while since I have done any substantial web development and I'd like to take advantage of the latest practices but I'm struggling to visualize the workflow to incorporate everything. Here's what I'm looking to use: CakePHP framework jsmin (JavaScript Minify) SASS (Synctactically Awesome StyleSheets) Git CakePHP: Pretty self explanatory, make modifications and update the source. jsmin: When you modify a script, do you manually run jsmin to output the new minified code, or would it be better to run a pre-commit hook that automatically generates jsmin outputs of javascript files that have changed. Assume that I have no knowledge of implementing commit hooks. SASS: I really like what SASS has to offer but I'm also aware that SASS code isn't supported by browsers by default so, at some point, the SASS code needs to be transformed to normal CSS. At what point in the workflow is this done. Git I'm terrified to admit it but, the last time I did any substantial web development, I didn't use SCM source control (IE, I did use source control but it consisted of a very detailed change log with backups). I have since had plenty of experience using Git (as well as mercurial and SVN) for desktop development but I'm wondering how to best implement it for web development). Is it common practice to implement a remote repository on the web host so I can push the changes directly to the production server, or is there some cross platform (windows/linux) tool that makes it easy to upload only changed files to the production server. Are there web hosting companies that make it eas to implement a remote repository, do I need SSH access, etc... I know how to accomplish this on my own testing server with a remote repository with a separate remote tracking branch already but I've never done it on a remote production web hosting server before so I'm not aware of the options yet. Extra: I was considering implementing a javascript framework where separate javascript files used on a page are compiled into a single file for each page on the production server to limit the number of file downloads needed per page. Does something like this already exist? Is there already an open source project out in the wild that implements something similar that I could use and contribute to? Considering how paranoid web devs are about performance (and the fact that the number of file requests on a website is a big hit to performance) I'm guessing that there is some wizard hacker on the net who has already addressed this issue.

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• Entity Framework with large systems - how to divide models?

  - by jkohlhepp

  I'm working with a SQL Server database with 1000+ tables, another few hundred views, and several thousand stored procedures. We are looking to start using Entity Framework for our newer projects, and we are working on our strategy for doing so. The thing I'm hung up on is how best to split the tables into different models (EDMX or DbContext if we go code first). I can think of a few strategies right off the bat: Split by schema We have our tables split across probably a dozen schemas. We could do one model per schema. This isn't perfect, though, because dbo still ends up being very large, with 500+ tables / views. Another problem is that certain units of work will end up having to do transactions that span multiple models, which adds to complexity, although I assume EF makes this fairly straightforward. Split by intent Instead of worrying about schemas, split the models by intent. So we'll have different models for each application, or project, or module, or screen, depending on how granular we want to get. The problem I see with this is that there are certain tables that inevitably have to be used in every case, such as User or AuditHistory. Do we add those to every model (violates DRY I think), or are those in a separate model that is used by every project? Don't split at all - one giant model This is obviously simple from a development perspective but from my research and my intuition this seems like it could perform terribly, both at design time, compile time, and possibly run time. What is the best practice for using EF against such a large database? Specifically what strategies do people use in designing models against this volume of DB objects? Are there options that I'm not thinking of that work better than what I have above? Also, is this a problem in other ORMs such as NHibernate? If so have they come up with any better solutions than EF?

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• Optimizing hash lookup & memory performance in Go

  - by Moishe

  As an exercise, I'm implementing HashLife in Go. In brief, HashLife works by memoizing nodes in a quadtree so that once a given node's value in the future has been calculated, it can just be looked up instead of being re-calculated. So eg. if you have a node at the 8x8 level, you remember it by its four children (each at the 2x2 level). So next time you see an 8x8 node, when you calculate the next generation, you first check if you've already seen a node with those same four children. This is extended up through all levels of the quadtree, which gives you some pretty amazing optimizations if eg. you're 10 levels above the leaves. Unsurprisingly, it looks like the perfmance crux of this is the lookup of nodes by child-node values. Currently I have a hashmap of {&upper_left_node,&upper_right_node,&lower_left_node,&lower_right_node} -> node So my lookup function is this: func FindNode(ul, ur, ll, lr *Node) *Node { var node *Node var ok bool nc := NodeChildren{ul, ur, ll, lr} node, ok = NodeMap[nc] if ok { return node } node = &Node{ul, ur, ll, lr, 0, ul.Level + 1, nil} NodeMap[nc] = node return node } What I'm trying to figure out is if the "nc := NodeChildren..." line causes a memory allocation each time the function is called. If it does, can I/should I move the declaration to the global scope and just modify the values each time this function is called? Or is there a more efficient way to do this? Any advice/feedback would be welcome. (even coding style nits; this is literally the first thing I've written in Go so I'd love any feedback)

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• Do I need to know servlets and JSP to learn spring or hibernate or any other java web frameworks?

  - by KyelJmD

  I've been asking a lot of people where to start learning java web development, I already know core java (Threading,Generics,Collections, a little experience with (JDBC)) but I do not know JSPs and servlets. I did my fair share of development with several web based applications using PHP for server-side and HTML,CSS,Javascript,HTML5 for client side. Most people that I asked told me to jump right ahead to Hibernate while some told me that I do not need to learn servlets and jsps and I should immediately study the Spring framework. Is this true? do I not need to learn servlets and JSPs to learn hibernate or Spring? All of their answers confused me and now I am completely lost what to learn or study. I feel that if I skipped learning JSP and servlets I would missed a lot of important concepts that will surely help me in the future. So the question, do I need to have foundation/know servlets and JSP to learn spring or hibernate or any other java web frameworks.?

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• One method with many behaviours or many methods

  - by Krowar

  This question is quite general and not related to a specific language, but more to coding best practices. Recently, I've been developing a feature for my app that is requested in many cases with slightly different behaviours. This function send emails , but to different receivers, or with different texts according to the parameters. The method signature is something like public static sendMail (t_message message = null , t_user receiver = null , stream attachedPiece = null) And then there are many condition inside the method, like if(attachedPiece != null) { } I've made the choice to do it this way (with a single method) because it prevents me to rewrite the (nearly) same method 10 times, but I'm not sure that it's a good practice. What should I have done? Write 10 sendMail method with different parameters? Are there obvious pros and cons for these different ways of programming? Thanks a lot.

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• NCurses, scrolling of multiline items, "current item" pointer and "selected items"

  - by mjf

  I am looking for hints/ideas for the best (most effective) way on how to scroll multi-line items as well as emphasizing of the "current item" and "selected items" such as: 1 FOO ITEM 1 Foo sub-item 2 Foo sub-item 3 Foo sub-item 2 BAR ITEM 1 Bar sub-item 3 BAZ ITEM 1 Baz sub-item 2 Baz sub-item 4 RAB ITEM 5 ZZZ ITEM 1 Zzz sub-item 2 Zzz sub-item 3 Zzz sub-item 4 Zzz sub-item using NCurses (some combination of windows, sub-windows, pads, copywin? Uff! In fact, the lines could exceed the stdscr's width so that possibility to scroll left/right would be also nice - pads?)... The whole items (including the sub-items) are supposed to be emphasized as full-width window/pad areas. The "current item" (including it's set of lines) should be emphasized (i.e. using A_BOLD), selected set of items of choice (including the set of lines for each the selected item) should be emphasized in another way (i.e. using A_REVERSE). What would you choose to cope with it the most effective NCurses way? (The less redrawals/refreshes the better and terminal is supposed to have the ability to change it's size - such as XTerm running under "floating window" management.) Thank you for your ideas (or perhaps some piece of code where something similar is already solved - I was not able to find anything helpful on the Internet. I mean I am not going to copy/paste foreign code but programming NCurses properly is still somehow difficult to me). P.S.: Would you suggest to "smooth-scroll" +1/-1 screen line or rather "jump-scroll" +lines/-lines of the items? (I personally prefer the latter one.) Sincerely, -- mjf

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• What is the correct term for - server/client database sync via API?

  - by Daniel

  Forgive the vague question title. I've been programming mobile apps for 3 years now, and I've got a little too far from the web services and server side code then I probably should have. Anyway, I'm doing a personal project now and I want to create an web API for it. One of my requirements is to check for updates from my app, so I would send a timestamp to the API. I've used many APIs that my clients prepared for me and only now am I appreciating their work ! What is the term or technique used to create an API backed by a database which tracks changes via dates/timestamps, basically an effective way for me to query changes occurring since a timestamp. Simply put, I want that my app can call my API in order to sync new data and changed data from the server, to the app. The app would only have a timestamp of the last time it synced with the server. Would I have a log table for each data table in my database which adds a record for each change? Then I could query all changes with a timestamp superior to the one passed to the API. Can anyone point me in the right direction on this?

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• When to mark a user story as done in scrum?

  - by Saeed Neamati

  There is a notion in scrum that emphasizes delivery of workable units at the end of each sprint. Each workable unit also maps directly of indirectly to a user story and when in new sprint PO introduces new PBI (new user stories), this means that practically team can't always go back to previous user stories to do the rest of the job, which in turn means that when you implement a user story, you should do it as complete as it's known to the team in that time, and you shouldn't forget anything (something like "I'm sorry, I've forgotten to implement validation for that input control" or "I didn't know that cross-browser check is part of the user story"). At the other hand, test, backward compatibility, acceptance criteria, deployment and more and more concepts come after each user story. So, when can team members know that the user story is done completely, not just for demo, and start a new one?

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• Why Freezing when sending email?

  - by Outlaw Lemur

  So i have a kinect program which when it detects a human, it saves images of them and sends your email a notification email, the thing is that when it sends the email, it freezes and stops running, Why does it do this? Email Notification Code: void SendNotificationEmail() { string email = textBox1.Text; string message = "Someone has been detected in your house!\n Go to www.kinected.webs.com to view your photos now!!!!"; System.Net.Mail.MailMessage emailsend = new System.Net.Mail.MailMessage(); emailsend.To.Add(email); emailsend.Subject = "There is an Intruder In Your Home!"; emailsend.From = new System.Net.Mail.MailAddress("[email protected]"); emailsend.Body = message; System.Net.Mail.SmtpClient smtp = new System.Net.Mail.SmtpClient("smtp.mail.yahoo.com."); smtp.Send(emailsend); } When its supposed to fire: void nui_ColorFrameReady2(object sender, ImageFrameReadyEventArgs e) { // 32-bit per pixel, RGBA image xxx PlanarImage Image = e.ImageFrame.Image; //int deltaFrames = totalFrames - lastFrameWithMotion; //if (totalFrames2 <= stopFrameNumber & deltaFrames > 300) { ++totalFrames2; string bb1 = Convert.ToString(totalFrames2); // string file_name_3 = "C:\\Research\\Kinect\\Proposal\\Depth_Img" + bb1 + ".jpg"; xxx string file_name_4 = "C:\\temp\\Kinect1_Img" + bb1 + ".jpg"; video.Source = BitmapSource.Create( Image.Width, Image.Height, 96, 96, PixelFormats.Bgr32, null, Image.Bits, Image.Width * Image.BytesPerPixel); BitmapSource image4 = BitmapSource.Create( Image.Width, Image.Height, 96, 96, PixelFormats.Bgr32, null, Image.Bits, Image.Width * Image.BytesPerPixel); if (PersonDetected == 1) { if (totalFrames2 % 10 == 0) { image4.Save(file_name_4, Coding4Fun.Kinect.Wpf.ImageFormat.Jpeg); SendNotificationEmail(); PersonDetected = 0; // lastFrameWithMotion = totalFrames; // topFrameNumber += 100; } } } } Thanks for any help!

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• GRE subject Computer science

  - by Maddy.Shik

  How do I prepare for the GRE Computer Science subject test? Are there any standard text books I should follow? Agree that its under graduation level and one doesn't need to dig to deep for it. I have done my computer engineering from a college who ranks in top 20 in India. So may be my curriculum has not been that good as compared to international students. Since now i want to get admission in to world renowned university's Ph. D. program. I want to enhance my basic skills up to a level to beat other international students in competition. I want to know good book references which are recommended by professors in international school like CMU, MIT, Standford etc. Like for Algorithms Coreman is considered very good. Good books builds concepts from very basic so that one doesn't need to mug up even a basic concepts. Coreman is just too good with good blend of Mathematics and programming concepts. Definitely Test paper are must but that can be practiced once one has read text books thoroughly. Besides its been 2 years i passed out from college so its is essential for me to revise all concepts from text books. Please tell me standard text books for each subject like Computer Architecture, Database Design, Operating Systems, Discrete Maths etc.

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• Best way for a technical manager to stay up to date on technology

  - by JoelFan

  My manager asked for a list of technical blogs he should follow to stay current on technology. His problem is he keeps hearing terms that he hasn't heard of (i.e. NoSql, sharding, agure, sevice bus, etc.) and he would prefer to at least have a fighting chance of knowing something about them without having to be reactive and looking them up. Also I think he wants to have a big picture of all the emerging technologies and where they fit in together instead of just learning about each thing in isolation. He asked about blogs but I'm thinking print magazines may also help.

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• Typical text encoding+BOM, and EOL behavior on mobile devices

  - by Dan W

  Typical things to worry about when dealing with text are the BOM/signature, encoding, and the end of line (EOL) char/chars. I know that Windows often favours \r\n (CR+LF) and Mac/Linux favours \n (LF), but how about mobile devices such as the iPhone and Android? Do typical apps on those platforms favour one or the other? Also, which text encodings are mobiles most likely to use - UTF-8, iso-8859-1, or even Windows 1252 (or other default codepage) or maybe even UTF-16? And if they use UTF-8/16, are they likely to need (or require not having) a BOM/signature? What is the typical behavior here?

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• What are the alternatives to "overriding a method" when using composition instead of inheritance?

  - by Sebastien Diot

  If we should favor composition over inheritance, the data part of it is clear, at least for me. What I don't have a clear solution to is how overwriting methods, or simply implementing them if they are defined in a pure virtual form, should be implemented. An obvious way is to wrap the instance representing the base-class into the instance representing the sub-class. But the major downsides of this are that if you have say 10 methods, and you want to override a single one, you still have to delegate every other methods anyway. And if there were several layers of inheritance, you have now several layers of wrapping, which becomes less and less efficient. Also, this only solve the problem of the object "client"; when another object calls the top wrapper, things happen like in inheritance. But when a method of the deepest instance, the base class, calls it's own methods that have been wrapped and modified, the wrapping has no effect: the call is performed by it's own method, instead of by the highest wrapper. One extreme alternative that would solve those problems would be to have one instance per method. You only wrap methods that you want to overwrite, so there is no pointless delegation. But now you end up with an incredible amount of classes and object instance, which will have a negative effect on memory usage, and this will require a lot more coding too. So, are there alternatives (preferably alternatives that can be used in Java), that: Do not result in many levels of pointless delegation without any changes. Make sure that not only the client of an object, but also all the code of the object itself, is aware of which implementation of method should be called. Does not result in an explosion of classes and instances. Ideally puts the extra memory overhead that is required at the "class"/"particular composition" level (static if you will), rather than having every object pay the memory overhead of composition. My feeling tells me that the instance representing the base class should be at the "top" of the stack/layers so it receives calls directly, and can process them directly too if they are not overwritten. But I don't know how to do it that way.

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• How to deal with colleagues refuse to follow practices?

  - by Adrian Shum

  I was discussing with another colleague about what we should be used when an DB entity is referring to another. I don't think there is any good reason to break the practice of putting the Primary Key in the referring entity. However, one of my colleague says: "You should use a surrogate key in the entity, but it is better to put the human-readable natural key in the referring entity. As long it is unique, it is fine and it is easier when you are doing support or maintenance job" I know it will works, but obviously it is not a good practice you are putting a non-PK unique column as "foreign key", just for gaining a bit of ease in writing SQL during support as we can have less table join. Though I mentioned the his approach is conceptual incorrect, and causing problem too practically etc, he seems rather trade off correctness in data model in exchange of ease of maintenance. And he said: "I know it is not good practice, but good practice is not golden rule" Honestly I feel frustrated when dealing with something like this. I know there are always case that we should break some rule or practice, but doubtless it is not such case now. What will you when you are facing situation like this? Please assume yourself being a senior developer which is expected to contribute in misc development direction and convention.

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• What's the better user experience: Waiting once at startup for a long time or waiting frequently for a short time?

  - by Roflcoptr

  I'm currently design an application that involves a lot of calculation. Now I have generally two possibilities which I have both tested: 1) During startup of the application I calculated only the most important values and these values that consume a lot of time. So the user has to wait approximately 15 seconds during startup. But on the other hand a lot of user interactions require recalculation so that the user often has to wait 2-3 seconds after clicking somewhere until the application has calculated and loaded all values 2) I load everything during startup. This takes from 90 to 120 seconds... This is quite a long time, but the big advantage is that all the user interactions are executed immediately. So what would you generally consider the better approach? Loading all time-consuming operations during startup or when needed?

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