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• B.S.in Computer Science, weak eyes => career change

  - by Prometheus

  So I am going to earn B.S. in Computer Science soon. I like computers. I like programming. The problem is that my eyes are very weak. Depending on their condition, I can only put in about 6 hours in front of computer a day. If I push myself, I have trouble even keeping my eyes open because of soreness/pain, consequently headaches. My eyes do not have medical conditions. I was just born with weak eyes. I tried many different approaches to work around this problem - better monitor, breaks every 10 minutes, supplements... I even memorized a lot of shortcuts to reduce my time on computers! But I am finally giving up. I do not think I can be a programmer for the rest of my life. I was the top of my class in high school because all works were paper-based, I did average in college due to the nature of my eyes and the difficulty of the material. So what do you recommend I do? Or, Is there a career that is similar to programming but requires interacting with computers less?

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• Using branchs for a mini project or module of project: Good practice?

  - by TheLQ

  In my repo I have 3 closely related mini projects: 1 server and 2 clients. They are all quite small (<3 files each). Since they are so small and so closely related I just dropped them in folders in one single repo. However now that I know I can't clone a single directory in my VCS of choice (Mercurial), I'm considering splitting them up. However I'm confused about general best practice: Is it okay to put different small projects in different branches, or should they all go in different repos? I'm currently leaning towards branching since I can't easily splice out the file history of the different projects but then your using a feature in a way it wasn't meant to be used.

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• Syntactic sugar in PHP with static functions

  - by Anna

  The dilemma I'm facing is: should I use static classes for the components of an application just to get nicer looking API? Example - the "normal" way: // example component class Cache{ abstract function get($k); abstract function set($k, $v); } class APCCache extends Cache{ ... } class application{ function __construct() $this->cache = new APCCache(); } function whatever(){ $this->cache->add('blabla'); print $this->cache->get('blablabla'); } } Notice how ugly is this->cache->.... But it gets waay uglier when you try to make the application extensible trough plugins, because then you have to pass the application instance to its plugins, and you get $this->application->cache->... With static functions: interface CacheAdapter{ abstract function get($k); abstract function set($k, $v); } class Cache{ public static $ad; public function setAdapter(CacheAdapter $a){ static::$ad = $ad; } public static function get($k){ return static::$ad->get($k); } ... } class APCCache implements CacheAdapter{ ... } class application{ function __construct(){ cache::setAdapter(new APCCache); } function whatever() cache::add('blabla', 5); print cache::get('blabla'); } } Here it looks nicer because you just call cache::get() everywhere. The disadvantage is that I loose the possibility to extend this class easily. But I've added a setAdapter method to make the class extensible to some point. I'm relying on the fact that I won't need to rewrite to replace the cache wrapper, ever, and that I won't need to run multiple application instances simultaneously (it's basically a site - and nobody works with two sites at the same time) So, am doing it wrong?

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• IL and case-sensitivity

  - by Ali .NET

  Quoted from A Brief Introduction To IL code, CLR, CTS, CLS and JIT In .NET CLS stands for Common Language Specifications. It is a subset of CTS. CLS is a set of rules or guidelines which if followed ensures that code written in one .NET language can be used by another .NET language. For example one rule is that we cannot have member functions with same name with case difference only i.e we should not have add() and Add(). This may work in C# because it is case-sensitive but if try to use that C# code in VB.NET, it is not possible because VB.NET is not case-sensitive. Based on above text I want to confirm two points here: Does the case-sensitivity of IL is a condition for member functions only, and not for member properties? Is it true that C# wouldn't be inter-operable with VB.NET if it didn't take care of the case sensitivity?

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• Understanding hand written lexers

  - by Cole Johnson

  I am going to make a compiler for C (C99; I own the standards PDF), written in C (go figure) and looking up on how compilers work on Wikipedia has told me a lot. However, after reading up on lexers has confused me. The Wikipedia page states that: the GNU Compiler Collection (gcc) uses hand-written lexers I have tried googling what a hand written lexer and have come up with nothing except for "making a flowchart that describes how it should function", however, isn't that how all software development should be done? So my question is: "What is a hand written lexer?"

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• C# - How to store and reuse queries

  - by Jason Holland

  I'm learning C# by programming a real monstrosity of an application for personal use. Part of my application uses several SPARQL queries like so: const string ArtistByRdfsLabel = @" PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> SELECT DISTINCT ?artist WHERE {{ {{ ?artist rdf:type <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/MusicalArtist> . ?artist rdfs:label ?rdfsLabel . }} UNION {{ ?artist rdf:type <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Band> . ?artist rdfs:label ?rdfsLabel . }} FILTER ( str(?rdfsLabel) = '{0}' ) }}"; string Query = String.Format(ArtistByRdfsLabel, Artist); I don't like the idea of keeping all these queries in the same class that I'm using them in so I thought I would just move them into their own dedicated class to remove clutter in my RestClient class. I'm used to working with SQL Server and just wrapping every query in a stored procedure but since this is not SQL Server I'm scratching my head on what would be the best for these SPARQL queries. Are there any better approaches to storing these queries using any special C# language features (or general, non C# specific, approaches) that I may not already know about?

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• Dalvik + Java licensing question

  - by Andrew Bate

  This is a licensing question about the Dalvik and J2SE core libraries. In particular the license governing java.util.concurrent.SynchronousQueue. The license header of the class in the JDK source states that it is GPLv2 only (see grepcode). However, the same file in the Dalvik core libraries seems to be governed by the Apache 2 license only (see android source). How is this possible? I didn't think you could take GPLv2 source and re-license it as Apache 2. (It's obvious they did: a comment above the Java Doc even says "removed link to collections framework docs"!) I'm asking because I have a GPLv3 project and would like to include a derivative work of some source from the core libraries (either Dalvik or J2SE) but publish it under GPLv3. I thought I could do this with Apache 2, but not GPLv2. I know that the J2SE class source is itself derivative work from public domain source, but the changes from the original are substantial. (The original is available at gee.cs.oswego.edu if you are interested.) Therefore the android source really is just a copy of the J2SE source, but published under Apache 2 instead of GPLv2. Is Google really allowed to do this?

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• Am I permitted to use an LGPL library without releasing the source to the rest of my application, if I dynamically reference the library?

  - by user185812

  I am a bit confused as to what I am/am not allowed to do with a LGPL Library that I intend on using in a small scale commercial C++ Application that I am developing. My current understanding, although I don't know if I am correct, is that I am permitted use the library without releasing the source to the rest of my application if I dynamically reference the library. Does anyone know if this is correct? Are there any restrictions as to how I reference the library? Thank You! I am not a native English speaker and don't understand the licence entirely.

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• The C++ web stack, is there one?

  - by NimChimpsky

  Java would be jsps and servlets (or a framework such as Spring) running on the JVM and tomcat (or glassfish etc). C# would be asp and C# running on dot.net framework and IIS ? (I have no experience with this please correct and improve my terminology) Is there an equivalent for C++ ? I could happily call some C++ from a java servlet/controller but was wondering if there are existing frameworks and libraries out there specifically for creating business logic in C++ with a web front end.

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• Looking for some OO design advice

  - by Andrew Stephens

  I'm developing an app that will be used to open and close valves in an industrial environment, and was thinking of something simple like this:- public static void ValveController { public static void OpenValve(string valveName) { // Implementation to open the valve } public static void CloseValve(string valveName) { // Implementation to close the valve } } (The implementation would write a few bytes of data to the serial port to control the valve - an "address" derived from the valve name, and either a "1" or "0" to open or close the valve). Another dev asked whether we should instead create a separate class for each physical valve, of which there are dozens. I agree it would be nicer to write code like PlasmaValve.Open() rather than ValveController.OpenValve("plasma"), but is this overkill? Also, I was wondering how best to tackle the design with a couple of hypothetical future requirements in mind:- We are asked to support a new type of valve requiring different values to open and close it (not 0 and 1). We are asked to support a valve that can be set to any position from 0-100, rather than simply "open" or "closed". Normally I would use inheritance for this kind of thing, but I've recently started to get my head around "composition over inheritance" and wonder if there is a slicker solution to be had using composition?

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• Why should i write a commit message?

  - by acidzombie24

  Why should i write a commit message? I dont want to and i think its stupid every single time. A gui frontend i use which will go unnamed forces you to do it. I hear other doing it everytime even if they are using the VCS on the command line. If i commit several times a day and havent finish a feature what am i writing about? I ONLY ever write a message after many comments and i feel its time for a mini tag or when i do an actual tag. Am i right or am i missing something? also i am using a distributed system

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• What are the most commonly used enterprise Java technologies, and what would you want a non technical audience to understand about them?

  - by overstood

  I have been asked to give a presentation to a non-technical audience on what Java technologies are currently being used in the enterprise world. The goal is to give this non-technical audience the background they need to understand what engineers are talking about. It's part of a broader series of talks that I'm giving. I'm primarily a .NET and C++ dev, so I thought I'd try to get some input from some Java devs. What technologies do you use? What Java related acronyms would you like to be able to use around non-coders? What would you like non-coders to understand about them?

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• Dark themes in IDE with multiple monitors

  - by nivlam

  There has been numerous posts about developers that prefer a dark color scheme in their IDE. Most of the themes at studiostyl.es are dark themes. Back when I had a single monitor, I did enjoy using a dark theme since it was easier on the eyes. But now that I utilize multiple monitors, I find dark themes actually hurt my eyes. Most of the time I have my IDE open on one monitor and a browser/email/documentation open on my other monitors. Only my IDE has a dark theme and most of websites/documentation have a white background. This forces my eyes to constantly adjust between my dark IDE and the white website, which puts strain on my eyes. I'm sure I'm not the only person who tries to use a dark theme for the IDE and have multiple monitors. How do other people deal with this issue?

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• Is there any reason to use "plain old data" classes?

  - by Michael

  In legacy code I occasionally see classes that are nothing but wrappers for data. something like: class Bottle { int height; int diameter; Cap capType; getters/setters, maybe a constructor } My understanding of OO is that classes are structures for data and the methods of operating on that data. This seems to preclude objects of this type. To me they are nothing more than structs and kind of defeat the purpose of OO. I don't think it's necessarily evil, though it may be a code smell. Is there a case where such objects would be necessary? If this is used often, does it make the design suspect?

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• How is time calculation performed by a computer?

  - by Jorge Mendoza

  I need to add a certain feature to a module in a given project regarding time calculation. For this specific case I'm using Java and reading through the documentation of the Date class I found out the time is calculated in milliseconds starting from January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT. I think it's safe to assume there is a similar "starting date" in other languages so I guess the specific implementation in Java doesn't matter. How is the time calculation performed by the computer? How does it know exactly how many milliseconds have passed from that given "starting date and time" to the current date and time?

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• How to test the render speed of my solution in a web browser?

  - by Cuartico

  Ok, I need to test the speed of my solution in a web browser, but I have some problems, there are 2 versions of the web solution, the original one that is on server A and the "fixed" version that is on server B. I have VS2010 Ultimate, so I can make a web and load test on solution B, but I can't load the A solution on my IDE. I was trying to use fiddle2 and jmeter, but they only gave me the times of the request and response of the browsers with the server, I also want the time it takes to the browser to render the whole page. Maybe I'm misusing some of this tools... I don't know if this could be usefull but: Solution A is on VB 6.0 Solution B is on VB.Net Thanks in advance!

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• How should Code Review be Carried Out?

  - by Graviton

  My previous question has to do with how to advance code review among the developers. Here I am interested in how the code review session should be carried out, so that both the reviewer and reviewed are feeling comfortable about it. I have done some code review before, but the experience sucks big time. My previous manager would come to us-- on an ad hoc basis-- and tell us to explain our code to him. Since he wasn't very familiar with the code base, I spent a huge amount of times explaining just the most basic structure of my code to him. This took a long time and by the time we were done, we were both exhausted. Then he would raise issues with my code. Most issues he raised were cosmetic in nature ( e.g, don't use region for this code block, change the variable name from xxx to yyy even though the later makes even less sense, and so on). We did this a few rounds, and the review session didn't derive much benefits for us, and we stopped. What do you have to do, in order to make code review a natural, enjoyable, thought stimulating, bug-fixing and mutual-learning experience?

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• Rewrote GNU GPL v2 code in another language: can I change a license?

  - by Anton Gogolev

  I rewrote some parts of Mercurial (which is licensed under GNU GPL v2) in C#. Naturally, I looked a lot into original Python code and some parts are direct translations from Python to C#. Is is possible have "my code" licensed under different terms or to even make a part of a closed-source commercial application? If not, can I re-license "my-code" under LGPL, open-source it and then use this open-sourced C# library in my closed-source commercial application?

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• Why prefer a wildcard to a type discriminator in a Java API (Re: Effective Java)

  - by Michael Campbell

  In the generics section of Bloch's Effective Java (which handily is the "free" chapter available to all: http://java.sun.com/docs/books/effective/generics.pdf), he says: If a type parameter appears only once in a method declaration, replace it with a wildcard. (See page 31-33 of that pdf) The signature in question is: public static void swap(List<?> list, int i, int j) vs public static void swap(List<E> list, int i, int j) And then proceeds to use a static private "helper" function with an actual type parameter to perform the work. The helper function signature is EXACTLY that of the second option. Why is the wildcard preferable, since you need to NOT use a wildcard to get the work done anyway? I understand that in this case since he's modifying the List and you can't add to a collection with an unbounded wildcard, so why use it at all?

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• Is shipping a Clojure desktop app realistic?

  - by Cedric Martin

  I'm currently shipping a desktop Java application. It is a plain old Java 5 Java / Swing app and so far everything worked nicely. Java 5 was targetted because some users were on OS X version / computers that shall never have Java 6 (we may lift this limitation soon and switch to a newer Java and simply abandoning my users stuck with Java 5). I'm quickly getting up to speed with Clojure but I haven't really done lots of Clojure-to-Java and Java-to-Clojure yet and I was wondering if it was realistic to ship a Clojure desktop application instead of a Java application? The application I'm shipping is currently about 12 MB with all the .jar so adding Clojure doesn't seen to be too much of an issue. My plan would be to have Clojure call Java APIs: my application is already divided in several independent jars. If I understand correctly calling Clojure from Java is harder than calling Java code from Clojure which is why I'd basically rewrite all the UI (part of the UI, mixing Swing components and self-made BufferedImages needs to be rewritten anyway due to the rise of retina display), and do all the 'wiring' from Clojure. So that's the problem I'm facing: is it realistic to ship a Clojure desktop app? (it certainly doesn't seem to be very widespread but then shipping plain Java desktop apps ain't that common either and I'm doing it anyway) Technically, what would need to be done? (compared to shipping a Java app)

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• How to protect a peer-to-peer network from inappropriate content?

  - by Mike

  I’m developing a simple peer-to-peer app in .Net which should enable users to share specific content (text and picture files). As I've learned with my last question, inappropriate content can “relatively” easily be identified / controlled in a centralized environment. But what about a peer-to-peer network, what are the best methods to protect a decentralized system from unwanted (illegal) content? At the moment I only see the following two methods: A protocol (a set of rules) defines what kind of data (e.g. only .txt and jpg-files, not bigger than 20KB etc.) can be shared over the p2p-network and all clients (peers) must implement this protocol. If a peer doesn’t, it gets blocked by other peers. Pro: easy to implement. Con: It’s not possible to define the perfect protocol (I think eMail-Spam filters have the same problem) Some kind of rating/reputation system must be implemented (similar to stackoverflow), so “bad guys” and inappropriate content can be identified / blocked by other users. Pro: Would be very accurate. Con: Would be slow and in my view technically very hard to implement. Are there other/better solutions? Any answer or comment is highly appreciated.

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• Salaries in reverse engineering fields [closed]

  - by John

  I bumped into an old friend at a conference and he told me he was now a consultant doing reverse engineering. I don't have much knowledge of this particular area, but this person (that I can't manage to get in touch with now) just casually mentioned that he was earning big bucks. I was hoping someone at SO may know of the salary range that a skilled and experienced employee/freelancer may earn in this area? I can't find much information on the web - small area maybe? I dunno. Any help would be appreciated.

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• How relevant is UTF-7 when it comes to parsing emails?

  - by J. Pablo Fernández

  I recently implemented incoming emails for an application and boy, did I open the gates of hell? Since then every other day an email arrives that makes the app fail in a different way. One of those things is emails encoded as UTF-7. Most emails come as ASCII, some of the Latin encodings, or thankfully, UTF-8. Hotmail error messages (like email address doesn't exist or quota exceeded) seem to come as UTF-7. Unfortunately, UTF-7 is not an encoding Ruby understands: > "hello world".encode("utf-8", "utf-7") Encoding::ConverterNotFoundError: code converter not found (UTF-7 to UTF-8) > Encoding::UTF_7 => #<Encoding:UTF-7 (dummy)> My application doesn't crash, it actually handles the email quite well, but it does send me a notification about the potential error. I spent some time googling and I can't find anyone that implemented the conversion, at least not as a Ruby 1.9.3 Encoding::Converter. So, my question is, since I never got an email with actual content, from an actual person, in UTF-7, how relevant is that encoding? can I safely ignore it?

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• Visual Studio search feature does not seem to be searching for text in CSS files [migrated]

  - by aspdotnetuser

  I noticed that when using Visual Studio's 'Find in files' search feature, it does not appear to search/find text in CSS files even though the text does exist. I can't find anything on the net regarding this issue and cannot determine even if Visual Studio allows you to search for text within CSS files. Hopefully someone can shed some light on this; Is it supposed to allow you to do this? If so, what reasons would explain why this is not working?

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• How can we plan projects realistically while accounting for support issues?

  - by Thomas Clayson

  We're having a problem at work: we're trying to schedule work so that we can assess time scales and get deadline dates. The problem is that it's difficult to plan for a project without knowing everything that's going to happen. For instance, right now we've planned all our projects through the start of December, however in that time we will have various in house and external meetings, teleconferences and extra work. It's all well and good to say that a project will take three weeks, but if there is a week's worth of interruption in that time then the date of completion will be pushed back a week. The problem is 3 fold: When we schedule projects the time scales are taken literally. If we estimate three weeks, the deadline is set for three week's time, the client is told, and there is no room for extension. Interim work and such means that we lose productive time working on the project. Sometimes clients don't have the time that we need to take to do the work, so they'll sometimes come to us and say they need a project done by the end of the month even when we think that the work will take two months - not to mention we already have work to be doing. We have a Gantt chart which we are trying to fill in with all the projects we have and we fill in timesheets, but they're not compared to the Gantt chart at all. This makes it difficult to say "Well, we scheduled 3 weeks for this project, but we've lost a week here so the deadline has to move back a week." It's also not professional to keep missing deadlines we've communicated to the client. How do other people deal with this type of situation? How do you manage the planning of projects? How much "extra" time do you schedule into a project to account for non-project work that occurs during a project? How do you deal with support issues and bugs and stuff? Things you can't account for during planning? UPDATE Lots of good answers thank you.

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