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• TDD vs. Productivity

  - by Nairou

  In my current project (a game, in C++), I decided that I would use Test Driven Development 100% during development. In terms of code quality, this has been great. My code has never been so well designed or so bug-free. I don't cringe when viewing code I wrote a year ago at the start of the project, and I have gained a much better sense for how to structure things, not only to be more easily testable, but to be simpler to implement and use. However... it has been a year since I started the project. Granted, I can only work on it in my spare time, but TDD is still slowing me down considerably compared to what I'm used to. I read that the slower development speed gets better over time, and I definitely do think up tests a lot more easily than I used to, but I've been at it for a year now and I'm still working at a snail's pace. Each time I think about the next step that needs work, I have to stop every time and think about how I would write a test for it, to allow me to write the actual code. I'll sometimes get stuck for hours, knowing exactly what code I want to write, but not knowing how to break it down finely enough to fully cover it with tests. Other times, I'll quickly think up a dozen tests, and spend an hour writing tests to cover a tiny piece of real code that would have otherwise taken a few minutes to write. Or, after finishing the 50th test to cover a particular entity in the game and all aspects of it's creation and usage, I look at my to-do list and see the next entity to be coded, and cringe in horror at the thought of writing another 50 similar tests to get it implemented. It's gotten to the point that, looking over the progress of the last year, I'm considering abandoning TDD for the sake of "getting the damn project finished". However, giving up the code quality that came with it is not something I'm looking forward to. I'm afraid that if I stop writing tests, then I'll slip out of the habit of making the code so modular and testable. Am I perhaps doing something wrong to still be so slow at this? Are there alternatives that speed up productivity without completely losing the benefits? TAD? Less test coverage? How do other people survive TDD without killing all productivity and motivation?

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• Returning null vs Throwing exceptions

  - by Svish

  Is in a bit of disagreement with a more experienced developer on this issue, and was wondering what you guys here think about this. Environment is Java, EJB 3, services, etc. The code I wrote calls a service to get things and to create things. Problem was that I got null pointer exceptions in places that didn't make sense. For example when I asked the service to create an object, I got null back. And when I tried to look up an object with an id I knew existed, I still got null back. Was like it was ignoring me. Spent some time trying to figure out what was wrong in my code (since I'm less experienced I usually assume I have messed up). Turns out the reason was security. If the user principal using my service didn't have the right permissions to use the service I called from my service, then that service simply returned null. The services that are here already are usually not documented either, so this is just something you have to know... somehow... So here is the thing: I mean that this is rather confusing as a developer interacting with this service. To me it would make much more sense if that service thew an exception which would tell me that hey, you don't have the proper permissions to get info about this thing or to create this new thing. I would then immediately know why my service wasn't working as expected. However, he argued that asking is not wrong. Exceptions should only be thrown when there is an error and asking for a thing is not an error. Even if you don't have permission to "see" that the thing you asked for. The things are often looked up in a GUI by users and for those users not having the right permissions, these things simply "do not exist". So, in short: Asking is not wrong, hence no exception. Get methods return null because to those users those things "doesn't exist". Create methods return null because nothing was created, since the user wasn't allowed to create anything. So, what do you guys think? Is this normal and/or good practice? I prefer exceptions as I prefer throwing and catching exceptions because I find it much easier to know what's going on. So I would for example also prefer to throw a NotFoundException if you asked for an id which didn't exist, rather than returning null. Anyways, just curious to what others think about this as I'm not the most experienced developer yet.

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• How to have an improved relationship with recruiters?

  - by crosenblum

  I personally, always have problems with recruiter's and their constant spam.. I usually get tons of emails for jobs, not related to what I do. Or they have no idea what I do. Or they say they have a job in my field, but make me go thru hours of paperwork, only to find out they had no real job lead. Or my resume contained a keyword, that they searched for, but that keyword is like 1-10% of what I do, not my main job skill set. My point being is that I want to have a more polite, more accurate, less waste of each other's time. So I want to come up with a form letter, I can create in gmail to automatically send to all recruiter's, to help inform, educate and train them to deal better with me. That way, they know exactly what to send to me, so as to not waste my time. We don't play email/phone tag, just to find out they have no idea what I do, or how to find a job lead that matches that. I want this to be an improvement in my relationship and experience with recruiters, because honestly most of them waste my time. They call me at work, not considering I can't take phone call's at work, and they already had my email address. Mostly they annoy me, but I am tired of having to be rude to get my point across. I want them to immediately make sure they know what I can and have done, (Have you read my resume?) and have actual leads ready to be hired/interviewed soon or now. Any suggestions to how to improve the communication, to avoid wasting each other's time. I certainly hate having to come across as rude or improper, but when they just waste so much of my time, I don't know what else to do. So thank you for your time. Just to be clear, I want your help to write a form letter, that I can send to every recruiter that email's me, how to best work with me, and other people in IT/Web careers.

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• I'm tasked with leading the documentation effort for an existing, entirely undocumented, software product - what resources are there to help me?

  - by Ben Rose

  I'm a software developer at a technology company. I have been tasked with leading the documentation effort for the product I work on. The goal is to produce documentation internal to developer, and the project spills over into the business side, where it covers requirements documentation. This project is challenging. Specifically, I'm dealing with a product which: - has been around for a long time, at least 6 years. - has no form of documentation other than some small, outdated pieces here and there. - has comments in the code, but they are technical and do not convey any over-arching behavior (even on technical side). - as a consequence of having little to no documentation, is often unnecessarily complex under the covers In addition, we have not been given a lot of time to work on this project. I do not have any formal documentation or writing background, training, or experience. I have displayed some ability in writing/communication around the office, which may be why I was assigned to this project. Please share your advice or recommendation for resources to help me prepare and deal with this project. I'm looking for references to books/website/forums/whatever, to help me come up with the design of a plan with milestones, learn about best practices, task delegation, templates, buy-in, etc. I'm hoping specifically for resources targeting or giving special mention of introducing good documentation to existing, undocumented, projects. I would be very grateful for your responses. Ben

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• How do you do ASP.Net performance testing?

  - by John

  Our team is in need of a performance testing process. We use ASP.Net (both web forms and MVC) and performance testing is not currently built into our projects. We occasionally do some ad-hoc analysis, such as checking the load on the server or SQL Server Profiler, but we don't have a true beginning to end, built into the project performance testing methodology. Where is a good place to start? I'm interested in both: Process - General knowledge, including best practices. Essential list of tools. I'm aware of a few tools, such as what's built into the pricier versions of VS 2010 and JetBrains products, though I haven't used them.

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• Physical effects of long term keyboard use- what does the science say and what factors affect it?

  - by glenatron

  This question asks about the ergonomics of a particular keyboard for long programming hours, what I would like to know is about the ergonomics of using a keyboard in general. What are the most significant risks associated with it and how can they best be mitigated? Do the "ergonomic" keyboard designs make a difference and if so which design is most effective? If not do other factors such as wrist-rests, regular exercise or having a suitable height of chair or desk make a difference? Do you have any direct experience of problems deriving from keyboard use and if so how did you resolve them? Is there any good science on this and if so what does it indicate? Edited to add: Wikipedia suggests that there are no proven advantages to "ergonomic" keyboards, but their citation seems pretty old- is that still the current state of play?

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• Using Qt to open external game appplication

  - by RandomGuy

  I have a windows qt application and I'm trying to open an external game, but I'm not having success. Application is in C:\games\Oni\Edition\ and is called Oni.exe, the code I'm using right now is the follow: void MainWindow::on_toolButton_clicked() { qint64 test=1; if(!QProcess::startDetached("Oni.exe",QStringList(),"C:\\games\\Oni\\Edition\\",&test)){ QMessageBox msgBox; msgBox.setText("Oni couln't be started!"); msgBox.exec(); } } I don't know if I'm forgetting something? The game runs fine if I double click it. Thanks.

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• Gerrit, git and reviewing whole branch

  - by liori

  I'm now learning Gerrit (which is the first code review tool I use). Gerrit requires a reviewed change to consist of a single commit. My feature branch has about 10 commits. The gerrit-prefered way is to squash those 10 commits into a single one. However this way if the commit will be merged into the target branch, the internal history of that feature branch will be lost. For example, I won't be able to use git-bisect to bisect into those commits. Am I right? I am a little bit worried about this state of things. What is the rationale for this choice? Is there any way of doing this in Gerrit without losing history?

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• Is it ok to replace optimized code with readable code?

  - by Coder

  Sometimes you run into a situation where you have to extend/improve an existing code. You see that the old code is very lean, but it's also difficult to extend, and takes time to read. Is it a good idea to replace it with modern code? Some time ago I liked the lean approach, but now, it seems to me that it's better to sacrifice a lot of optimizations in favor of higher abstractions, better interfaces and more readable, extendable code. The compilers seem to be getting better as well, so things like struct abc = {} are silently turned into memsets, shared_ptrs are pretty much producing the same code as raw pointer twiddling, templates are working super good because they produce super lean code, and so on. But still, sometimes you see stack based arrays and old C functions with some obscure logic, and usually they are not on the critical path. Is it good idea to change such code if you have to touch a small piece of it either way?

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• Interviewing a DBA

  - by kev

  Our Company is in the Process of recuiting a DBA. I have built a group test of questions from basic questions such as Pk and Fk constraints, simple querries(fizzbuzz style) to more advanced things such as indexes, Collation, isolation levels and how to trace deadlocks. However, that is the limit of my knowledge. So my question to all the DBA's is what is the base level knowledge that all DBA's should have? We are really looking for someone that will be able to manage our replication, analyzing some of our slower running queries(that the devs can go to for help) and someone that can trace some of the deadlock issues that we are having. Any help would be most appreciated!

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• Handling permissions in a MVP application

  - by Chathuranga

  In a windows forms payroll application employing MVP pattern (for a small scale client) I'm planing user permission handling as follows (permission based) as basically its implementation should be less complicated and straight forward. NOTE : System could be simultaneously used by few users (maximum 3) and the database is at the server side. This is my UserModel. Each user has a list of permissions given for them. class User { string UserID { get; set; } string Name { get; set; } string NIC {get;set;} string Designation { get; set; } string PassWord { get; set; } List <string> PermissionList = new List<string>(); bool status { get; set; } DateTime EnteredDate { get; set; } } When user login to the system it will keep the current user in memory. For example in BankAccountDetailEntering view I control the controller permission as follows. public partial class BankAccountDetailEntering : Form { bool AccountEditable {get; set;} private void BankAccountDetailEntering_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { cmdEditAccount.enabled = false; OnLoadForm (sender, e); // Event fires... If (AccountEditable ) { cmdEditAccount.enabled=true; } } } In this purpose my all relevant presenters (like BankAccountDetailPresenter) should aware of UserModel as well in addition to the corresponding business Model it is presenting to the View. class BankAccountDetailPresenter { BankAccountDetailEntering _View; BankAccount _Model; User _UserModel; DataService _DataService; BankAccountDetailPresenter( BankAccountDetailEntering view, BankAccount model, User userModel, DataService dataService ) { _View=view; _Model = model; _UserModel = userModel; _DataService = dataService; WireUpEvents(); } private void WireUpEvents() { _View.OnLoadForm += new EventHandler(_View_OnLoadForm); } private void _View_OnLoadForm(Object sender, EventArgs e) { foreach(string s in _UserModel.PermissionList) { If( s =="CanEditAccount") { _View.AccountEditable =true; return; } } } public Show() { _View.ShowDialog(); } } So I'm handling the user permissions in the presenter iterating through the list. Should this be performed in the Presenter or View? Any other more promising ways to do this? Thanks.

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• When should a method of a class return the same instance after modifying itself?

  - by modiX

  I have a class that has three methods A(), B() and C(). Those methods modify the own instance. While the methods have to return an instance when the instance is a separate copy (just as Clone()), I got a free choice to return void or the same instance (return this;) when modifying the same instance in the method and not returning any other value. When deciding for returning the same modified instance, I can do neat method chains like obj.A().B().C();. Would this be the only reason for doing so? Is it even okay to modify the own instance and return it, too? Or should it only return a copy and leave the original object as before? Because when returning the same modified instance the user would maybe admit the returned value is a copy, otherwise it would not be returned? If it's okay, what's the best way to clarify such things on the method?

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• Is it wise to ask about design decisions made on a product during an interview?

  - by Desolate Planet

  I've been thinking about interview questions lately and I've been reflecting on bad interview experiences I've had in the past. One of particular note is where I had asked the interviewer why the team chose to use Spring over EJB3 in their product. The interviewer pretty much tore my face off, yelling "Because Spring is not the be all and end all of Java software development, do you want this job or not?". In response to this, I told him that this probably wasn't the job for me and I walked out the interview. He told me at the start of the interview that they had high stuff turnover, the product had gone from Modula 3 to Perl to Java then after asking him a technical question, he went in flames. It seemed obvious to me that he was toxic to the company with that kind of attitude. Question: Is it a good idea to probe on architectural choices taken in an interview? If not, why? From my own point of view, an interview is a two-way process. If the interviewers are testing me on my technical skills, I've got every right to ask them the same questions to 1) Figure out what their mindset and attitudes towards developing software solutions are and 2) To figure out if there are in line with how I would approach problems of that kind. It's very possible that the interviewer who got angry was a bad interviewer and forgot that an interview is a two-way process. If I was asked this, I would have simply said something along the lines of wanting to leverage the container more, but I certainly wouldn't have tried to put him in a state of meek capitulation. The interviewer in question was the lead developer in the team.

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• Is there a best practice / standard approach to a free trial for a web app

  - by wobbily_col

  I have an idea for a web app, and would be interested in implementing it, and offering a free trial of say 5 uses before asking people to sign up. I can think of numerous ways of doing this (using cookies , logging IP adresses off the top of my head, limiting functionality). Is there a standard approach to this? Are there best practices? Are there any good tutorials on this? (I would prefer not to go the liited functionality route, as it will not show what the app is capable of).

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• Can someone explain to me C#'s coding convention?

  - by AedonEtLIRA

  I recently started working with Unity3D and primarily scripting with C#. As, I normally program in Java, the differences aren't too great but I still referred to a crash course just to make sure I am on the right track. However, My biggest curiosity with C# is that is capitalises the first letter its method names (eg. java: getPrime() C#: GetPrime() aka: Pascal Case?). Is there a good reason for this? I understand from the crash course page that I read that apparently it's convention for .Net and I have no way of ever changing it, but I am curious to hear why it was done like this as opposed to the normal (relative?) camel case that, say, Java uses. Note: I understand that languages have their own coding conventions (python methods are all lower case which also applies in this question) but I've never really understood why it isn't formalised into a standard.

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• Make a controller a superclass in MVC design pattern

  - by Nikola

  I am really confused how to handle this. I have: model.Outsider model.SubContractor (which extends Outsider) Basically, Outsider would mean Supplier, but SubContractor is not a Supplier itself so I had to divide it somehow. I used to have model.Outsider (super class of the two bellow) model.Supplier model.SubContractor But Supplier didn't have any unique fields so I have removed it (Was this correct?) So, continuing, I have db layer which has: db.DBOutsider db.DBSubContractor (which again extends the top one) And I have no place to put my Supplier methods. I can do that in DBOutsider, but then DBSubContractor (which extends DBOutsider) would get unnecessary methods. Do I create a DBSupplier even though there is no such class in the model layer? Then again, going to controller layer. It is the same situation as db layer. I have OutsiderController and SubContractorController (which extends the first one) (is this correct in first place? to have an extended controller?). But I have no place to put the methods which are concerned with Supplier and if I put them in the OutsiderController the SubContractorController would recieve unneccessary methods. At the moment I am going for the extra DBSupplier and SupplierController classes, but I have no idea if this is the correct way. Basically what perplexes me is the "empty" Supplier. Since it is supposed to be an Outsider but has no extra methods or fields, should there be an empty class?

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• Vectorization of matlab code for faster execution

  - by user3237134

  My code works in the following manner: 1.First, it obtains several images from the training set 2.After loading these images, we find the normalized faces,mean face and perform several calculation. 3.Next, we ask for the name of an image we want to recognize 4.We then project the input image into the eigenspace, and based on the difference from the eigenfaces we make a decision. 5.Depending on eigen weight vector for each input image we make clusters using kmeans command. Source code i tried: clear all close all clc % number of images on your training set. M=1200; %Chosen std and mean. %It can be any number that it is close to the std and mean of most of the images. um=60; ustd=32; %read and show images(bmp); S=[]; %img matrix for i=1:M str=strcat(int2str(i),'.jpg'); %concatenates two strings that form the name of the image eval('img=imread(str);'); [irow icol d]=size(img); % get the number of rows (N1) and columns (N2) temp=reshape(permute(img,[2,1,3]),[irow*icol,d]); %creates a (N1*N2)x1 matrix S=[S temp]; %X is a N1*N2xM matrix after finishing the sequence %this is our S end %Here we change the mean and std of all images. We normalize all images. %This is done to reduce the error due to lighting conditions. for i=1:size(S,2) temp=double(S(:,i)); m=mean(temp); st=std(temp); S(:,i)=(temp-m)*ustd/st+um; end %show normalized images for i=1:M str=strcat(int2str(i),'.jpg'); img=reshape(S(:,i),icol,irow); img=img'; end %mean image; m=mean(S,2); %obtains the mean of each row instead of each column tmimg=uint8(m); %converts to unsigned 8-bit integer. Values range from 0 to 255 img=reshape(tmimg,icol,irow); %takes the N1*N2x1 vector and creates a N2xN1 matrix img=img'; %creates a N1xN2 matrix by transposing the image. % Change image for manipulation dbx=[]; % A matrix for i=1:M temp=double(S(:,i)); dbx=[dbx temp]; end %Covariance matrix C=A'A, L=AA' A=dbx'; L=A*A'; % vv are the eigenvector for L % dd are the eigenvalue for both L=dbx'*dbx and C=dbx*dbx'; [vv dd]=eig(L); % Sort and eliminate those whose eigenvalue is zero v=[]; d=[]; for i=1:size(vv,2) if(dd(i,i)>1e-4) v=[v vv(:,i)]; d=[d dd(i,i)]; end end %sort, will return an ascending sequence [B index]=sort(d); ind=zeros(size(index)); dtemp=zeros(size(index)); vtemp=zeros(size(v)); len=length(index); for i=1:len dtemp(i)=B(len+1-i); ind(i)=len+1-index(i); vtemp(:,ind(i))=v(:,i); end d=dtemp; v=vtemp; %Normalization of eigenvectors for i=1:size(v,2) %access each column kk=v(:,i); temp=sqrt(sum(kk.^2)); v(:,i)=v(:,i)./temp; end %Eigenvectors of C matrix u=[]; for i=1:size(v,2) temp=sqrt(d(i)); u=[u (dbx*v(:,i))./temp]; end %Normalization of eigenvectors for i=1:size(u,2) kk=u(:,i); temp=sqrt(sum(kk.^2)); u(:,i)=u(:,i)./temp; end % show eigenfaces; for i=1:size(u,2) img=reshape(u(:,i),icol,irow); img=img'; img=histeq(img,255); end % Find the weight of each face in the training set. omega = []; for h=1:size(dbx,2) WW=[]; for i=1:size(u,2) t = u(:,i)'; WeightOfImage = dot(t,dbx(:,h)'); WW = [WW; WeightOfImage]; end omega = [omega WW]; end % Acquire new image % Note: the input image must have a bmp or jpg extension. % It should have the same size as the ones in your training set. % It should be placed on your desktop ed_min=[]; srcFiles = dir('G:\newdatabase\*.jpg'); % the folder in which ur images exists for b = 1 : length(srcFiles) filename = strcat('G:\newdatabase\',srcFiles(b).name); Imgdata = imread(filename); InputImage=Imgdata; InImage=reshape(permute((double(InputImage)),[2,1,3]),[irow*icol,1]); temp=InImage; me=mean(temp); st=std(temp); temp=(temp-me)*ustd/st+um; NormImage = temp; Difference = temp-m; p = []; aa=size(u,2); for i = 1:aa pare = dot(NormImage,u(:,i)); p = [p; pare]; end InImWeight = []; for i=1:size(u,2) t = u(:,i)'; WeightOfInputImage = dot(t,Difference'); InImWeight = [InImWeight; WeightOfInputImage]; end noe=numel(InImWeight); % Find Euclidean distance e=[]; for i=1:size(omega,2) q = omega(:,i); DiffWeight = InImWeight-q; mag = norm(DiffWeight); e = [e mag]; end ed_min=[ed_min MinimumValue]; theta=6.0e+03; %disp(e) z(b,:)=InImWeight; end IDX = kmeans(z,5); clustercount=accumarray(IDX, ones(size(IDX))); disp(clustercount); Running time for 50 images:Elapsed time is 103.947573 seconds. QUESTIONS: 1.It is working fine for M=50(i.e Training set contains 50 images) but not for M=1200(i.e Training set contains 1200 images).It is not showing any error.There is no output.I waited for 10 min still there is no output. I think it is going infinite loop.What is the problem?Where i was wrong?

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• Stagnating in programming

  - by Coder

  Time after time this question came up in my mind, but up until today I wasn't thinking about it much. I have been programming for maybe around 8 years now, and for the last two years it seems I'm not as keen to pick up new technologies anymore. Maybe that's a burnout or something, but I'd say it's experience and what I like, that's stopping me from running after the latest and greatest. I'm C++ developer, by this I mean, I love close to metal programming. I have no problems tracing problems through assembly, using tools like WinDbg or HexView. When I use constructs, I think about how they are realized underneath, how the bits are set and unset under the hood. I love battling with complex threading problems and doing everything hardcore way, even by hand if the regular solutions seem half baked. But I also love the C++0x stuff, and use it a lot. And all C++ code as long as it's not cumbersome compared to C counterparts, sometimes I also fall back to sort of "Super C" if the C++ way is ugly. And then there are all other developers who seem to be way more forward looking, .Net 4.0 MVC, WPF, all those Microsoft X#s, LINQ languages, XML and XSLT, mobile devices and so on. I have done a considerable amount of .NET, SQL, ASPX programming, but the further I go, the less I want to try those technologies. Is that bad? Almost every day I hear people saying that managed code is the only way forward, WPF is the way to go. I hear that C++ is godawful, and you can't code anything in it that's somewhat stable. But I don't buy it. With the experience I have, and the knowledge of how native code is compiled and executes, I can say I find it extremely rare that C++ code is unstable, or leaks, or causes crashes that takes more than 30 seconds to identify and fix. And to tell the truth, I've seen enough problems with other "cool" languages that I'd say C++ is even more stable and production proof than the safe languages, at least for me. The only thing that scares me in C++ is new frameworks, I don't trust them, and I use them extra sparingly. STL - yes, ATL - very sparingly, everything else... Well, not very keen on it. Most huge problems I've ran into, all were related to frameworks, not the language itself. Some overrided operator here, bad hierarchy there, poor class design here, mystical castings there. Other than that, C/C++ (yes, I use them together) still seems a very controlled and stable way to develop applications. Am I stagnating? Should I switch a profession, or force myself in all that marketing hype? Are there more developers who feel the same way?

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• ASP.NET and C# learning curve [closed]

  - by Mashael

  My friend wants to become a web developer. However, he doesn't know how to start if he is going to become ASP.NET developer. He found a book which is titled ' Beginning ASP.NET 4: in C# and VB (Wrox Programmer to Programmer) by Imar Spaanjaars' but he is not sure if this will be right start or not because he has know knowledge in OOP programming and whether he has to learn C# first and read such book or is it OK to start with such that book assuming that the book will teach some fundamentals in C#!

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• need explanation on amortization in algorithm

  - by Pradeep

  I am a learning algorithm analysis and came across a analysis tool for understanding the running time of an algorithm with widely varying performance which is called as amortization. The autor quotes " An array with upper bound of n elements, with a fixed bound N, on it size. Operation clear takes O(n) time, since we should dereference all the elements in the array in order to really empty it. " The above statement is clear and valid. Now consider the next content: "Now consider a series of n operations on an initially empty array. if we take the worst case viewpoint, the running time is O(n^2), since the worst case of a sigle clear operation in the series is O(n) and there may be as many as O(n) clear operations in the series." From the above statement how is the time complexity O(n^2)? I did not understand the logic behind it. if 'n' operations are performed how is it O(n ^2)? Please explain what the autor is trying to convey..

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• Visual programming for serious software

  - by Gerenuk

  Are visual program control flow diagrams and languages which support that used for larger serious programs? Why not? They seem like a nice overview of the code. In the thread What software programming languages were used by the Soviet Union's space program? a visual language is mentioned (Drakon) and I wondered why such approaches aren't used more often? Is there nothing a visual control flow representation (I don't mean class diagrams etc.) which are 1-to-1 with code can help compared to typing in letters in an editor?

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• Abstract Data Type and Data Structure

  - by mark075

  It's quite difficult for me to understand these terms. I searched on google and read a little on Wikipedia but I'm still not sure. I've determined so far that: Abstract Data Type is a definition of new type, describes its properties and operations. Data Structure is an implementation of ADT. Many ADT can be implemented as the same Data Structure. If I think right, array as ADT means a collection of elements and as Data Structure, how it's stored in a memory. Stack is ADT with push, pop operations, but can we say about stack data structure if I mean I used stack implemented as an array in my algorithm? And why heap isn't ADT? It can be implemented as tree or an array.

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• Starting a career in quantitative finance

  - by Vitor Braga

  I've been reading John Hull book (Options, Futures and Other Derivatives) mostly on curiosity. I've read other books about financial markets in the past (like Elder's Trading for Living and the novel Reminiscences of a Stock Operator). But I'm really hooked by the John Hull book. My background is mostly scientific computing: number crunching, visualization and image processing. Mostly in C++, with some C, Fortran, Python, Ruby here and there. I've been thinking on moving on to quantitative finance - I'd like to do that. What would be the best way to start? Any tips?

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• TDD - Outside In vs Inside Out

  - by Songo

  What is the difference between building an application Outside In vs building it Inside Out using TDD? These are the books I read about TDD and unit testing: Test Driven Development: By Example Test-Driven Development: A Practical Guide: A Practical Guide Real-World Solutions for Developing High-Quality PHP Frameworks and Applications Test-Driven Development in Microsoft .NET xUnit Test Patterns: Refactoring Test Code The Art of Unit Testing: With Examples in .Net Growing Object-Oriented Software, Guided by Tests---This one was really hard to understand since JAVA isn't my primary language :) Almost all of them explained TDD basics and unit testing in general, but with little mention of the different ways the application can be constructed. Another thing I noticed is that most of these books (if not all) ignore the design phase when writing the application. They focus more on writing the test cases quickly and letting the design emerge by itself. However, I came across a paragraph in xUnit Test Patterns that discussed the ways people approach TDD. There are 2 schools out there Outside In vs Inside Out. Sadly the book doesn't elaborate more on this point. I wish to know what is the main difference between these 2 cases. When should I use each one of them? To a TDD beginner which one is easier to grasp? What is the drawbacks of each method? Is there any materials out there that discuss this topic specifically?

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• Video documentary on the open source culture ?

  - by explorest

  Hello, I'm looking for some videos on these subjects: A movie/documentary detailing the origin, history, and current state of open source culture A movie/documentary on how open source software actually gets developed. What are the technical workflows. How do people create projects, recruit contributors, build a community, assign roles, track issues, assimilate new comers ... etc etc. Could someone suggest a title?

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