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• how to elegantly duplicate a graph (neural network)

  - by macias

  I have a graph (network) which consists of layers, which contains nodes (neurons). I would like to write a procedure to duplicate entire graph in most elegant way possible -- i.e. with minimal or no overhead added to the structure of the node or layer. Or yet in other words -- the procedure could be complex, but the complexity should not "leak" to structures. They should be no complex just because they are copyable. I wrote the code in C#, so far it looks like this: neuron has additional field -- copy_of which is pointer the the neuron which base copied from, this is my additional overhead neuron has parameterless method Clone() neuron has method Reconnect() -- which exchanges connection from "source" neuron (parameter) to "target" neuron (parameter) layer has parameterless method Clone() -- it simply call Clone() for all neurons network has parameterless method Clone() -- it calls Clone() for every layer and then it iterates over all neurons and creates mappings neuron=copy_of and then calls Reconnect to exchange all the "wiring" I hope my approach is clear. The question is -- is there more elegant method, I particularly don't like keeping extra pointer in neuron class just in case of being copied! I would like to gather the data in one point (network's Clone) and then dispose it completely (Clone method cannot have an argument though).

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• Initialize Static Array of Structs in C

  - by russell_h

  I implementing a card game in C. There are lots of types of cards and each has a bunch of information, including some actions that will need to be individually scripted associated with it. Given a struct like this (and I'm not certain I have the syntax right for the function pointer) struct CARD { int value; int cost; // This is a pointer to a function that carries out actions unique // to this card int (*do_actions) (struct GAME_STATE *state, int choice1, int choice2); }; I would like to initialize a static array of these, one for each card. I'm guessing this would look something like this int do_card0(struct GAME_STATE *state, int choice1, int choice2) { // Operate on state here } int do_card1(struct GAME_STATE *state, int choice1, int choice2) { // Operate on state here } extern static struct cardDefinitions[] = { {0, 1, do_card0}, {1, 3, do_card1} }; Will this work, and am I going about this the right way at all? I'm trying to avoid huge numbers of switch statements. Do I need to define the 'do_cardN' functions ahead of time, or is there some way to define them inline in the initialization of the struct (something like a lambda function in python)? I'll need read-only access to cardDefinitions from a different file - is 'extern static' correct for that? I know this is a lot of questions rolled into one but I'm really a bit vague about how to go about this. Thanks.

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• Trying to make a plugin system in C++/Qt

  - by Pirate for Profit

  I'm making a task-based program that needs to have plugins. Tasks need to have properties which can be easily edited, I think this can be done with Qt's Meta-Object Compiler reflection capabilities (I could be wrong, but I should be able to stick this in a QtPropertyBrowser?) So here's the base: class Task : public QObject { Q_OBJECT public: explicit Task(QObject *parent = 0) : QObject(parent){} virtual void run() = 0; signals: void taskFinished(bool success = true); } Then a plugin might have this task: class PrinterTask : public Task { Q_OBJECT public: explicit PrinterTask(QObject *parent = 0) : Task(parent) {} void run() { Printer::getInstance()->Print(this->getData()); // fictional emit taskFinished(true); } inline const QString &getData() const; inline void setData(QString data); Q_PROPERTY(QString data READ getData WRITE setData) // for reflection } In a nutshell, here's what I want to do: // load plugin // find all the Tasks interface implementations in it // have user able to choose a Task and edit its specific Q_PROPERTY's // run the TASK It's important that one .dll has multiple tasks, because I want them to be associated by their module. For instance, "FileTasks.dll" could have tasks for deleting files, making files, etc. The only problem with Qt's plugin setup is I want to store X amount of Tasks in one .dll module. As far as I can tell, you can only load one interface per plugin (I could be wrong?). If so, the only possible way to do accomplish what I want is to create a FactoryInterface with string based keys which return the objects (as in Qt's Plug-And-Paint example), which is a terrible boilerplate that I would like to avoid. Anyone know a cleaner C++ plugin architecture than Qt's to do what I want? Also, am I safely assuming Qt's reflection capabilities will do what I want (i.e. able to edit an unknown dynamically loaded tasks' properties with the QtPropertyBrowser before dispatching)?

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• wordpress generating slow mysql queries - is it index problem?

  - by tash

  Hello Stack Overflow I've got very slow Mysql queries coming up from my wordpress site. It's making everything slow and I think this is eating up CPU usage. I've pasted the Explain results for the two most frequently problematic queries below. This is a typical result - although very occasionally teh queries do seem to be performed at a more normal speed. I have the usual wordpress indexes on the database tables. You will see that one of the queries is generated from wordpress core code, and not from anything specific - like the theme - for my site. I have a vague feeling that the database is not always using the indexes/is not using them properly... Is this right? Does anyone know how to fix it? Or is it a different problem entirely? Many thanks in advance for any help anyone can offer - it is hugely appreciated Query: [wp-blog-header.php(14): wp()] SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS wp_posts.* FROM wp_posts WHERE 1=1 AND wp_posts.post_type = 'post' AND (wp_posts.post_status = 'publish' OR wp_posts.post_status = 'private') ORDER BY wp_posts.post_date DESC LIMIT 0, 6 id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra 1 SIMPLE wp_posts ref type_status_date type_status_date 63 const 427 Using where; Using filesort Query time: 34.2829 (ms) 9) Query: [wp-content/themes/LMHR/index.php(40): query_posts()] SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS wp_posts.* FROM wp_posts WHERE 1=1 AND wp_posts.ID NOT IN ( SELECT tr.object_id FROM wp_term_relationships AS tr INNER JOIN wp_term_taxonomy AS tt ON tr.term_taxonomy_id = tt.term_taxonomy_id WHERE tt.taxonomy = 'category' AND tt.term_id IN ('217', '218', '223', '224') ) AND wp_posts.post_type = 'post' AND (wp_posts.post_status = 'publish' OR wp_posts.post_status = 'private') ORDER BY wp_posts.post_date DESC LIMIT 0, 6 id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra 1 PRIMARY wp_posts ref type_status_date type_status_date 63 const 427 Using where; Using filesort 2 DEPENDENT SUBQUERY tr ref PRIMARY,term_taxonomy_id PRIMARY 8 func 1 Using index 2 DEPENDENT SUBQUERY tt eq_ref PRIMARY,term_id_taxonomy,taxonomy PRIMARY 8 antin1_lovemusic2010.tr.term_taxonomy_id 1 Using where Query time: 70.3900 (ms)

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• Life Scope of Temporary Variable

  - by Yan Cheng CHEOK

  #include <cstdio> #include <string> void fun(const char* c) { printf("--> %s\n", c); } std::string get() { std::string str = "Hello World"; return str; } int main() { const char *cc = get().c_str(); // cc is not valid at this point. As it is pointing to // temporary string internal buffer, and the temporary string // has already been destroyed at this point. fun(cc); // But I am surprise this call will yield valid result. // It seems that the returned temporary string is valid within // scope (...) // What my understanding is, scope means {...} // Is this valid behavior guarantee by C++ standard? Or it depends // on your compiler vendor implementations? fun(get().c_str()); getchar(); } The output is : --> --> Hello World Hello, may I know the correct behavior is guarantee by C++ standard, or it depends on your compiler vendor implementations? I have tested this under VC2008 and VC6. Works fine for both.

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• vector <T *> destructor

  - by Daniel.Z

  I have a class defined like: Class A { public: int num; A *parent; vector<A *> children; ... // constructor without parameters A(void) { this->num = 3; this->parent = 0; for (int i=0;i<num;++i) children.push_back(new A(this,num-1)); } // constructor with parameters A(A *a,int n) { this->num = n; this->children->parent = a; for (int i=0;i<num;++i) this->children.push_back(new A(this,this->num-1)); } }; now, the constructor works fine. there are some problem with destructor. currently, the destructor is defined as: A::~A(void) { if (this->parent!=0) this->parent = 0; for (int i=0;i<(int)children.size();++i) this->children[i]->~A(); vector <A *> ().swap(this->children); } but every time when I debug it, it will break at: void deallocate(pointer _Ptr, size_type) { // deallocate object at _Ptr, ignore size ::operator delete(_Ptr); } it looks like I cannot delete the pointer in the vector of this-children, is there any way that I can de-construct the class successfully?

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• template specialization of a auto_ptr<T>

  - by Chris Kaminski

  Maybe I'm overcomplicating things, but then again, I do sort of like clean interfaces. Let's say I want a specialization of auto_ptr for an fstream - I want a default fstream for the generic case, but allow a replacement pointer? tempate <> class auto_ptr<fstream> static fstream myfStream; fstream* ptr; public: auto_ptr() { // set ptr to &myfStream; } reset(fstream* newPtr) { // free old ptr if not the static one. ptr = newPtr }; } Would you consider something different or more elegant? And how would you keep something like the above from propagating outside this particular compilation unit? [The actual template is a boost::scoped_ptr.] EDIT: It's a contrived example. Ignore the fstream - it's about providing a default instance of object for an auto_ptr. I may not want to provide a specialized instance, but would like to keep the auto_ptr semantics for this static default object. class UserClass { public: auto_ptr<fstream> ptr; UserClass() { } } I may not provide an dynamic object at construction time - I still want it to have a meaningful default. Since I'm not looking at ownership-transfer semantics, it really shouldn't matter that my pointer class is pointing to a statically allocated object, no?

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• Using shared_ptr to implement RCU (read-copy-update)?

  - by yongsun

  I'm very interested in the user-space RCU (read-copy-update), and trying to simulate one via tr1::shared_ptr, here is the code, while I'm really a newbie in concurrent programming, would some experts help me to review? The basic idea is, reader calls get_reading_copy() to gain the pointer of current protected data (let's say it's generation one, or G1). writer calls get_updating_copy() to gain a copy of the G1 (let's say it's G2), and only one writer is allowed to enter the critical section. After the updating is done, writer calls update() to do a swap, and make the m_data_ptr pointing to data G2. The ongoing readers and the writer now hold the shared_ptr of G1, and either a reader or a writer will eventually deallocate the G1 data. Any new readers would get the pointer to G2, and a new writer would get the copy of G2 (let's say G3). It's possible the G1 is not released yet, so multiple generations of data my co-exists. template <typename T> class rcu_protected { public: typedef T type; typedef std::tr1::shared_ptr<type> rcu_pointer; rcu_protected() : m_data_ptr (new type()) {} rcu_pointer get_reading_copy () { spin_until_eq (m_is_swapping, 0); return m_data_ptr; } rcu_pointer get_updating_copy () { spin_until_eq (m_is_swapping, 0); while (!CAS (m_is_writing, 0, 1)) {/* do sleep for back-off when exceeding maximum retry times */} rcu_pointer new_data_ptr(new type(*m_data_ptr)); // as spin_until_eq does not have memory barrier protection, // we need to place a read barrier to protect the loading of // new_data_ptr not to be re-ordered before its construction _ReadBarrier(); return new_data_ptr; } void update (rcu_pointer new_data_ptr) { while (!CAS (m_is_swapping, 0, 1)) {} m_data_ptr.swap (new_data_ptr); // as spin_until_eq does not have memory barrier protection, // we need to place a write barrier to protect the assignments of // m_is_writing/m_is_swapping be re-ordered bofore the swapping _WriteBarrier(); m_is_writing = 0; m_is_swapping = 0; } private: volatile long m_is_writing; volatile long m_is_swapping; rcu_pointer m_data_ptr; };

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• C++ find multiple keys from a std::multimap

  - by sch0ck9

  I have a STL::multimap and I search to populate a std::list with value which key is duplicated. Can I find/insert to a std::list the value of elements for all key where count 1 without counting them one by one? std::multimap<int, std::string> mm ; mm[0] = "a" ; mm[1] = "b" ; mm[0] = "c" ; mm[2] = "j" ; mm[2] = "k" ; std::list<std::string> lst ; lst might contains "a" ,"c","j","k" ; I try this template <class K, class V> class extract_value { private: K last_key_ ; std::list<V> m_list_value ; std::pair<K, V> first_elem ; public: extract_value(const K& k_): last_key_(k_) { } void operator() (std::pair<const K, V> elem) { if (last_key_ == elem.first) { m_list_value.push_back(elem.second) ; } else { // First entry last_key_ = elem.first; first_elem= elem ; } } std::list<V> get_value() { return m_list_value ; } }; ex_ = for_each(mm.begin(),mm.end(), extract_value<int, std::string>(0)) ; std::list<std::string> lst = ex_.get_value() ; I'm not sure that this code compile.

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• Indices instead of pointers in STL containers?

  - by zvrba

  Due to specific requirements [*], I need a singly-linked list implementation that uses integer indices instead of pointers to link nodes. The indices are always interpreted with respect to a vector containing the list nodes. I thought I might achieve this by defining my own allocator, but looking into the gcc's implementation of , they explicitly use pointers for the link fields in the list nodes (i.e., they do not use the pointer type provided by the allocator): struct _List_node_base { _List_node_base* _M_next; ///< Self-explanatory _List_node_base* _M_prev; ///< Self-explanatory ... } (For this purpose, the allocator interface is also deficient in that it does not define a dereference function; "dereferencing" an integer index always needs a pointer to the underlying storage.) Do you know a library of STL-like data structures (i am mostly in need of singly- and doubly-linked list) that use indices (wrt. a base vector) instead of pointers to link nodes? [*] Saving space: the lists will contain many 32-bit integers. With two pointers per node (STL list is doubly-linked), the overhead is 200%, or 400% on 64-bit platform, not counting the overhead of the default allocator.

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• C++ Declarative Parsing Serialization

  - by Martin York

  Looking at Java and C# they manage to do some wicked processing based on special languaged based anotation (forgive me if that is the incorrect name). In C++ we have two problems with this: 1) There is no way to annotate a class with type information that is accessable at runtime. 2) Parsing the source to generate stuff is way to complex. But I was thinking that this could be done with some template meta-programming to achieve the same basic affect as anotations (still just thinking about it). Like char_traits that are specialised for the different types an xml_traits template could be used in a declaritive way. This traits class could be used to define how a class is serialised/deserialized by specializing the traits for the class you are trying to serialize. Example Thoughs: template<typename T> struct XML_traits { typedef XML_Empty Children; }; template<> struct XML_traits<Car> { typedef boost::mpl::vector<Body,Wheels,Engine> Children; }; template<typename T> std::ostream& Serialize(T const&) { // my template foo is not that strong. // but somthing like this. boost::mpl::for_each<typename XML_Traits<T>::Children,Serialize>(data); } template<> std::ostream& Serialize<XML_Empty>(T const&) { /* Do Nothing */ } My question is: Has anybody seen any projects/decumentation (not just XML) out there that uses techniques like this (template meta-programming) to emulate the concept of annotation used in languges like Java and C# that can then be used in code generation (to effectively automate the task by using a declaritive style). At this point in my research I am looking for more reading material and examples.

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• Removing "Using temporary; Using filesort" from this MySQL select+join+group by query

  - by claytontstanley

  I have the following query: select t.Chunk as LeftChunk, t.ChunkHash as LeftChunkHash, q.Chunk as RightChunk, q.ChunkHash as RightChunkHash, count(t.ChunkHash) as ChunkCount from chunksubset as t join chunksubset as q on t.ID = q.ID group by LeftChunkHash, RightChunkHash And the following explain table: id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra 1 SIMPLE subsets ref PRIMARY,IDIndex,SubsetIndex SubsetIndex 767 const 522014 "Using where; Using temporary; Using filesort" 1 SIMPLE subsets eq_ref PRIMARY,IDIndex,SubsetIndex PRIMARY 771 sotero.subsets.Id,const 1 "Using where; Using index" 1 SIMPLE c ref IDIndex IDIndex 4 sotero.subsets.Id 12 "Using where" 1 SIMPLE c ref IDIndex IDIndex 4 sotero.subsets.Id 12 note the "using temporary; using filesort". When this query is run, I quickly run out of RAM (presumably b/c of the temp table), and then the HDD kicks in, and the query slows to a halt. I thought it might be an index issue, so I started adding a few that sort of made sense: Table Non_unique Key_name Seq_in_index Column_name Collation Cardinality Sub_part Packed Null Index_type Comment Index_comment chunks 0 PRIMARY 1 ChunkId A 17796190 NULL NULL BTREE chunks 1 ChunkHashIndex 1 ChunkHash A 243783 NULL NULL BTREE chunks 1 IDIndex 1 Id A 1483015 NULL NULL BTREE chunks 1 ChunkIndex 1 Chunk A 243783 NULL NULL BTREE chunks 1 ChunkTypeIndex 1 ChunkType A 2 NULL NULL BTREE chunks 1 chunkHashByChunkIDIndex 1 ChunkHash A 243783 NULL NULL BTREE chunks 1 chunkHashByChunkIDIndex 2 ChunkId A 17796190 NULL NULL BTREE chunks 1 chunkHashByChunkTypeIndex 1 ChunkHash A 243783 NULL NULL BTREE chunks 1 chunkHashByChunkTypeIndex 2 ChunkType A 261708 NULL NULL BTREE chunks 1 chunkHashByIDIndex 1 ChunkHash A 243783 NULL NULL BTREE chunks 1 chunkHashByIDIndex 2 Id A 17796190 NULL NULL BTREE But still using the temporary table. The db engine is MyISAM. How can I get rid of the using temporary; using filesort in this query? Just changing to InnoDB w/o explaining the underlying cause is not a particularly satisfying answer. Besides, if the solution is to just add the proper index, then that's much easier than migrating to another db engine.

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• center div tags inside parent div

  - by Senthilnathan

  I have two div tags inside a parent div. I want to display the two divs in same line and centered. Below is the html code. <div id="parent"> <div id="addEditBtn" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width:20px; cursor:pointer;" class="ui-state-default ui-corner-all"> <span class="ui-icon ui-icon-pencil"></span></div> <div id="deleteBtn" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width:20px; cursor:pointer;" class="ui-state-default ui-corner-all"> <span class="ui-icon ui-icon-trash"></span></div> </div> I tried with "display:inline-block; vertical-align: middle;" but its getting aligned left. Please help me out to centered the div tags inside the parent div.

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• Improving File Read Performance (single file, C++, Windows)

  - by david

  I have large (hundreds of MB or more) files that I need to read blocks from using C++ on Windows. Currently the relevant functions are: errorType LargeFile::read( void* data_out, __int64 start_position, __int64 size_bytes ) const { if( !m_open ) { // return error } else { seekPosition( start_position ); DWORD bytes_read; BOOL result = ReadFile( m_file, data_out, DWORD( size_bytes ), &bytes_read, NULL ); if( size_bytes != bytes_read || result != TRUE ) { // return error } } // return no error } void LargeFile::seekPosition( __int64 position ) const { LARGE_INTEGER target; target.QuadPart = LONGLONG( position ); SetFilePointerEx( m_file, target, NULL, FILE_BEGIN ); } The performance of the above does not seem to be very good. Reads are on 4K blocks of the file. Some reads are coherent, most are not. A couple questions: Is there a good way to profile the reads? What things might improve the performance? For example, would sector-aligning the data be useful? I'm relatively new to file i/o optimization, so suggestions or pointers to articles/tutorials would be helpful.

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• C callback functions defined in an unnamed namespace?

  - by Johannes Schaub - litb

  Hi all. I have a C++ project that uses a C bison parser. The C parser uses a struct of function pointers to call functions that create proper AST nodes when productions are reduced by bison: typedef void Node; struct Actions { Node *(*newIntLit)(int val); Node *(*newAsgnExpr)(Node *left, Node *right); /* ... */ }; Now, in the C++ part of the project, i fill those pointers class AstNode { /* ... */ }; class IntLit : public AstNode { /* ... */ }; extern "C" { Node *newIntLit(int val) { return (Node*)new IntLit(val); } /* ... */ } Actions createActions() { Actions a; a.newIntLit = &newIntLit; /* ... */ return a; } Now the only reason i put them within extern "C" is because i want them to have C calling conventions. But optimally, i would like their names still be mangled. They are never called by-name from C code, so name mangling isn't an issue. Having them mangled will avoid name conflicts, since some actions are called like error, and the C++ callback function has ugly names like the following just to avoid name clashes with other modules. extern "C" { void uglyNameError(char const *str) { /* ... */ } /* ... */ } a.error = &uglyNameError; I wondered whether it could be possible by merely giving the function type C linkage extern "C" void fty(char const *str); namespace { fty error; /* Declared! But i can i define it with that type!? */ } Any ideas? I'm looking for Standard-C++ solutions.

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• Strange problem with simple multithreading program in Java

  - by Elizabeth

  Hello, I am just starting play with multithreading programming. I would like to my program show alternately character '-' and '+' but it doesn't. My task is to use synchronized keyword. As far I have: class FunnyStringGenerator{ private char c; public FunnyStringGenerator(){ c = '-'; } public synchronized char next(){ if(c == '-'){ c = '+'; } else{ c = '-'; } return c; } } class ThreadToGenerateStr implements Runnable{ FunnyStringGenerator gen; public ThreadToGenerateStr(FunnyStringGenerator fsg){ gen = fsg; } @Override public void run() { for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++){ System.out.print(gen.next()); } } } public class Main{ public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { FunnyStringGenerator FSG = new FunnyStringGenerator(); ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); for(int i = 0; i < 20; i++){ exec.execute(new ThreadToGenerateStr(FSG)); } } } EDIT: I also testing Thread.sleep in run method instead for loop.

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• Can I prevent a Linux user space pthread yielding in critical code?

  - by KermitG

  I am working on an user space app for an embedded Linux project using the 2.6.24.3 kernel. My app passes data between two file nodes by creating 2 pthreads that each sleep until a asynchronous IO operation completes at which point it wakes and runs a completion handler. The completion handlers need to keep track of how many transfers are pending and maintain a handful of linked lists that one thread will add to and the other will remove. // sleep here until events arrive or time out expires for(;;) { no_of_events = io_getevents(ctx, 1, num_events, events, &timeout); // Process each aio event that has completed or thrown an error for (i=0; i<no_of_events; i++) { // Get pointer to completion handler io_complete = (io_callback_t) events[i].data; // Get pointer to data object iocb = (struct iocb *) events[i].obj; // Call completion handler and pass it the data object io_complete(ctx, iocb, events[i].res, events[i].res2); } } My question is this... Is there a simple way I can prevent the currently active thread from yielding whilst it runs the completion handler rather than going down the mutex/spin lock route? Or failing that can Linux be configured to prevent yielding a pthread when a mutex/spin lock is held?

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• What C++ templates issue is going on with this error?

  - by WilliamKF

  Running gcc v3.4.6 on the Botan v1.8.8 I get the following compile time error building my application after successfully building Botan and running its self test: ../../src/Botan-1.8.8/build/include/botan/secmem.h: In member function `Botan::MemoryVector<T>& Botan::MemoryVector<T>::operator=(const Botan::MemoryRegion<T>&)': ../../src/Botan-1.8.8/build/include/botan/secmem.h:310: error: missing template arguments before '(' token What is this compiler error telling me? Here is a snippet of secmem.h that includes line 130: [...] /** * This class represents variable length buffers that do not * make use of memory locking. */ template<typename T> class MemoryVector : public MemoryRegion<T> { public: /** * Copy the contents of another buffer into this buffer. * @param in the buffer to copy the contents from * @return a reference to *this */ MemoryVector<T>& operator=(const MemoryRegion<T>& in) { if(this != &in) set(in); return (*this); } // This is line 130! [...]

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• How to track auto-generated id's in select-insert statement

  - by k rey

  I have two tables detail and head. The detail table will be written first. Later, the head table will be written. The head is a summary of the detail table. I would like to keep a reference from the detail to the head table. I have a solution but it is not elegant and requires duplicating the joins and filters that were used during summation. I am looking for a better solution. The below is an example of what I currently have. In this example, I have simplified the table structure. In the real world, the summation is very complex. -- Preparation create table #detail ( detail_id int identity(1,1) , code char(4) , amount money , head_id int null ); create table #head ( head_id int identity(1,1) , code char(4) , subtotal money ); insert into #detail ( code, amount ) values ( 'A', 5 ); insert into #detail ( code, amount ) values ( 'A', 5 ); insert into #detail ( code, amount ) values ( 'B', 2 ); insert into #detail ( code, amount ) values ( 'B', 2 ); -- I would like to somehow simplify the following two queries insert into #head ( code, subtotal ) select code, sum(amount) from #detail group by code update #detail set head_id = h.head_id from #detail d inner join #head h on d.code = h.code -- This is the desired end result select * from #detail Desired end result of detail table: detail_id code amount head_id 1 A 5.00 1 2 A 5.00 1 3 B 2.00 2 4 B 2.00 2

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• How to get the size of a binary tree ?

  - by Andrei Ciobanu

  I have a very simple binary tree structure, something like: struct nmbintree_s { unsigned int size; int (*cmp)(const void *e1, const void *e2); void (*destructor)(void *data); nmbintree_node *root; }; struct nmbintree_node_s { void *data; struct nmbintree_node_s *right; struct nmbintree_node_s *left; }; Sometimes i need to extract a 'tree' from another and i need to get the size to the 'extracted tree' in order to update the size of the initial 'tree' . I was thinking on two approaches: 1) Using a recursive function, something like: unsigned int nmbintree_size(struct nmbintree_node* node) { if (node==NULL) { return(0); } return( nmbintree_size(node->left) + nmbintree_size(node->right) + 1 ); } 2) A preorder / inorder / postorder traversal done in an iterative way (using stack / queue) + counting the nodes. What approach do you think is more 'memory failure proof' / performant ? Any other suggestions / tips ? NOTE: I am probably going to use this implementation in the future for small projects of mine. So I don't want to unexpectedly fail :).

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• User defined literal arguments are not constexpr?

  - by Pubby

  I'm testing out user defined literals. I want to make _fac return the factorial of the number. Having it call a constexpr function works, however it doesn't let me do it with templates as the compiler complains that the arguments are not and cannot be constexpr. I'm confused by this - aren't literals constant expressions? The 5 in 5_fac is always a literal that can be evaluated during compile time, so why can't I use it as such? First method: constexpr int factorial_function(int x) { return (x > 0) ? x * factorial_function(x - 1) : 1; } constexpr int operator "" _fac(unsigned long long x) { return factorial_function(x); // this works } Second method: template <int N> struct factorial { static const unsigned int value = N * factorial<N - 1>::value; }; template <> struct factorial<0> { static const unsigned int value = 1; }; constexpr int operator "" _fac(unsigned long long x) { return factorial_template<x>::value; // doesn't work - x is not a constexpr }

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• display multiple errors via bool flag c++

  - by igor

  Been a long night, but stuck on this and now am getting "segmentation fault" in my compiler.. Basically I'm trying to display all the errors (the cout) needed. If there is more than one error, I am to display all of them. bool validMove(const Square board[BOARD_SIZE][BOARD_SIZE], int x, int y, int value) { int index; bool moveError = true; const int row_conflict(0), column_conflict(1), grid_conflict(2); int v_subgrid=x/3; int h_subgrid=y/3; getCoords(x,y); for(index=0;index<9;index++) if(board[x][index].number==value){ cout<<"That value is in conflict in this row\n"; moveError=false; } for(index=0;index<9;index++) if(board[index][y].number==value){ cout<<"That value is in conflict in this column\n"; moveError=false; } for(int i=v_subgrid*3;i<(v_subgrid*3 +3);i++){ for(int j=h_subgrid*3;j<(h_subgrid*3+3);j++){ if(board[i][j].number==value){ cout<<"That value is in conflict in this subgrid\n"; moveError=false; } } } return true; }

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• Using `<List>` when dealing with pointers in C#.

  - by Gorchestopher H

  How can I add an item to a list if that item is essentially a pointer and avoid changing every item in my list to the newest instance of that item? Here's what I mean: I am doing image processing, and there is a chance that I will need to deal with images that come in faster than I can process (for a short period of time). After this "burst" of images I will rely on the fact that I can process faster than the average image rate, and will "catch-up" eventually. So, what I want to do is put my images into a <List> when I acquire them, then if my processing thread isn't busy, I can take an image from that list and hand it over. My issue is that I am worried that since I am adding the image "Image1" to the list, then filling "Image1" with a new image (during the next image acquisition) I will be replacing the image stored in the list with the new image as well (as the image variable is actually just a pointer). So, my code looks a little like this: while (!exitcondition) { if(ImageAvailabe()) { Image1 = AcquireImage(); ImgList.Add(Image1); } if(ImgList.Count 0) { ProcessEngine.NewImage(ImgList[0]); ImgList.RemoveAt(0); } } Given the above, how can I ensure that: - I don't replace all items in the list every time Image1 is modified. - I don't need to pre-declare a number of images in order to do this kind of processing. - I don't create a memory devouring monster. Any advice is greatly appreciated.

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• Slope requires a real as parameter 2?

  - by Dave Jarvis

  Question How do you pass the correct value to udf_slope's second parameter type? Attempts CAST(Y.YEAR AS FLOAT), but that failed (SQL error). Y.YEAR + 0.0, but that failed, too (see error message). slope(D.AMOUNT, 1.0), failed as well Error Message Using udf_slope fails due to: Can't initialize function 'slope'; slope() requires a real as parameter 2 Code SELECT D.AMOUNT, Y.YEAR, slope(D.AMOUNT, Y.YEAR + 0.0) as SLOPE, intercept(D.AMOUNT, Y.YEAR + 0.0) as INTERCEPT FROM YEAR_REF Y, DAILY D Here, D.AMOUNT is a FLOAT and Y.YEAR is an INTEGER. Create Function The slope function was created as follows: CREATE AGGREGATE FUNCTION slope RETURNS REAL SONAME 'udf_slope.so'; Function Signature From udf_slope.cc: double slope( UDF_INIT* initid, UDF_ARGS* args, char* is_null, char* is_error ) Example Usages Reading the fine manual reveals: UDF intercept() Calculates the intercept of the linear regression of two sets of variables. Function name intercept Input parameter(s) 2 (dependent variable: REAL, independent variable: REAL) Examples SELECT intercept(income,age) FROM customers UDF slope() Calculates the slope of the linear regression of two sets of variables. Function name slope Input parameter(s) 2 (dependent variable: REAL, independent variable: REAL) Examples SELECT slope(income,age) FROM customers Thoughts? Thank you!

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• customer.name joining transactions.name vs. customer.id [serial] joining transactions.id [integer]

  - by Frank Computer

  INFORMIX-SQL 7.32 Pawnshop Application: one-to-many relationship where each customer (master) can have many transactions (detail). customer( id serial, pk_name char(30), {PATERNAL-NAME MATERNAL-NAME, FIRST-NAME MIDDLE-NAME} [...] ); unique index on id; unique cluster index on name; transaction( fk_name char(30), ticket_number serial, [...] ); dups cluster index on fk_name; unique index on ticket_number; Several people have told me this is not the correct way to join master to detail. They said I should always join customer.id[serial] to transactions.id[integer]. When a customer pawns merchandise, clerk queries the master using wildcards on name. The query usually returns several customers, clerk scrolls until locating the right name, enters a 'D' to change to detail transactions table, all transactions are automatically queried, then clerk enters an 'A' to add a new transaction. The problem with using customer.id joining transaction.id is that although the customer table is maintained in sorted name order, clustering the transaction table by fk_id groups the transactions by fk_id, but they are not in the same order as the customer name, so when clerk is scrolling through customer names in the master, the system has to jump allover the place to locate the clustered transactions belonging to each customer. As each new customer is added, the next id is assigned to that customer, but new customers dont show up in alphabetical order. I experimented using id joins and confirmed the decrease in performance. How can I use id joins instead of name joins and still preserve the clustered transaction order by name if transactions has no name column?

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