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  • Interview question: How would you implement Google Search?

    - by ripper234
    Supposed you were asked in an interview "How would you implement Google Search?" How would you answer such a question? There might be resources out there that explain how some pieces in Google are implemented (BigTable, MapReduce, PageRank, ...), but that doesn't exactly fit in an interview. What overall architecture would you use, and how would you explain this in a 15-30 minute time span? I would start with explaining how to build a search engine that handles ~ 100k documents, then expand this via sharding to around 50M docs, then perhaps another architectural/technical leap. This is the 20,000 feet view. What I'd like is the details - how you would actually answer that in an interview. Which data structures would you use. What services/machines is your architecture composed of. What would a typical query latency be? What about failover / split brain issues? Etc...

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  • Do you store mysql exports in your version control tool for reverting to in event of error?

    - by Rob
    We run an internal web server with in-house software to run a manufacturing line. When new product features are to be added, either or both of the following occur: changes to the in-house server software may be required to support these - these are for significant changes in functionality, being code drive. changes to the MySQL database for new entries for the part numbers, these are for smaller changes, configurations, changes to already existing values and parameters -- such changes don't require code changes. Ideally we'd want our changes to be here rather than in item 1. Item 1 is version controlled in Subversion, so previous revisions can be referred to for rolling back to in the event of problems introduced in the latest revision. But what about changes to the MySQL database? We have quality processes to ensure that such changes are error-free but there is always a chance that errors can pass through, e.g. mistake in data entry or faults with the code that uses the MySQL corrupting the database etc. We have a automated backup every 6 hours but what if we want more manual defined checkpoints in between these intervals, we could use the same backup system but I wondered if folks here used other methods to store previous states of databases, e.g. exporting the database as a plain text SQL dump -- at least with this method it would be possible to see diffs e.g. in Beyond Compare for trouble shooting. Thoughts?

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  • If-Else V.S. Switch end of flow

    - by Chris Okyen
    I was wondering the if if-else statements, is like a switch statement that does not have a break statement.To clarify with an example, will the if-else statement go through all the boolean expressions even if comes to one that is true before the final one... I.E., if boolean_expression_1 was true, would it check if boolean_expression_2 is true? If not, why do switch statements need break statements but if-else statements do not? And if they do, I ask the opposite sort question proposed in the previous sentence. if( boolean_expression_1 ) statement_1 else if( boolean_expression_2 ) statement_2 else default_statement switch( controlling_expression ) { case: ( A ) .... case: ( z ) }

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  • Presenting agile estimates for Pivotal Tracker project

    - by Tom Styles
    I've been developing for 6-7 years but never in a particularly agile way. With the latest project I'm trying to make our development process more professional, and more agile. We're using Pivotal Tracker to track the project and have gathered some pretty well thought out stories. We're also trying to keep some of our (Prince2/Waterfall mindset) project managers happy. So far I've got them to accept that requirements always change priorities always change some of the requirements won't be delivered if you fix the time scale you should fix the time scale short sprints and regular review is good However they still feel like they need to get a better grip of roughly how much will be delivered within a certain time. I've come up with a spreadsheet to demonstrate what we might expect to get done in a range of 4 different timescales. Questions Are we setting ourselves up to fail Are there better ways to do this

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  • Is there a theory for "transactional" sequences of failing and no-fail actions?

    - by Ross Bencina
    My question is about writing transaction-like functions that execute sequences of actions, some of which may fail. It is related to the general C++ principle "destructors can't throw," no-fail property, and maybe also with multi-phase transactions or exception safety. However, I'm thinking about it in language-neutral terms. My concern is with correctly designing error handling in C++ functions that must be reliable. I would like to know what the concepts below are called so that I can learn more about them. I'm sorry that I can't ask the question more directly. Since I don't know this area I have provided an example to explain my question. The question is at the end. Here goes: Consider a sequence of steps or actions executed sequentially, where actions belong to one of two classes: those that always succeed, and those that may fail. In the examples below: S stands for an action that always succeeds (called "no-fail" in some settings). F stands for an action that may fail (for example, it might fail to allocate memory or do I/O that could fail). Consider a sequences of actions (executed sequentially from left to right): S->S->S->S Since each action in the sequence above succeeds, the whole sequence succeeds. On the other hand, the following sequence may fail because the last action may fail: S->S->S->F So, claim: a sequence has the no-fail (S) property if and only if all of its actions are no-fail. Now, I'm interested in action sequences that form "atomic transactions", with "failure atomicity," i.e. where either the whole sequence completes successfully, or there is no effect. I.e. if some action fails, the earlier ones must be rolled back. This requires that any successfully executed actions prior to a failing action must always be able to be rolled back. Consider the sequence: S->S->S->F S<-S<-S In the example above, the first row is the forward path of the transaction, and the second row are inverse actions (executed from right to left) that can be used to roll back if the final top row actions fails. It seems to me that for a transaction to support failure atomicity, the following invariant must hold: Claim: To support failure atomicity (either completion or complete roll-back on failure) all actions preceding the latest failable (F) action on the forward path (marked * in the example below) must have no-fail (S) inverses. The following is an example of a sequence that supports failure atomicity: * S->F->F->F S<-S<-S Further, if we want the transaction to be able to attempt cancellation mid-way through, but still guarantee either full completion or full rollback then we need the following property: Claim: To support failure atomicity and cancellation mid-way through execution, in the face of errors in the inverse (cancellation) path, all actions following the earliest failable (F) inverse on the reverse path (marked *) must be no-fail (S). F->F->F->S->S S<-S<-F<-F * I believe that these two conditions guarantee that an abortable/cancelable transaction will never get "stuck". My questions are: What is the study and theory of these properties called? are my claims correct? and what else is there to know? UPDATE 1: Updated terminology: what I previously called "robustness" is called atomicity in the database literature. UPDATE 2: Added explicit reference to failure atomicity, which seems to be a thing.

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  • How to handle compensation issue

    - by Ali
    I consider myself an expert Software Developer. Recently, I noticed my current company posted a new job through a recruting firm requiring half experience than I have and even lesser set of skills. However, they are offering the same salary as my current salary. When I joined my current company a year ago, they declined to pay my asking salary. My evaluations are good and there are critical projects in the pipeline where my involvement is crucial for their success. I'm little confused on how to handle this situation. I don't want to come across threatning or any thing like that.

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  • Reasons for either 32-bit or 64-bit as development machine

    - by vartec
    I'm about to make a new Linux install, which will be primarily used for programming. I've seen benchmarks showing speed improvement of 64-bit version, however, I have hard time of telling how much these benchmarks translate to improvement in every day usage. And of course there are other aspects to consider. Usage I have in mind: mainly programming Python, with occasional C, C++ and Java; IDEs, which are using Java platforms (Eclipse and IntelliJ); on very rare occasions having to compile for 32-bit platform; not planning to have more than 64GB of RAM anytime soon (and I don't mind using PAE kernels); machine in question has 4GB RAM and Athlon II X2; What are pros and cons of choosing either i386 or x86_64 distro?

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  • What are the advantages of programming to under an OS as opposed to bare metal executive?

    - by gby
    Assume you are presented with an embedded system application to program, in C, on a multi-core environment (think a Cavium or Tilera) and need to choose between two environments: Code the application under Linux in SMP mode or code the application under a thin bare metal executive (something like a very minimal RTOS), perhaps with a single core running UP Linux that can serve control tasks. For the purpose of this question, assume that both environment provide the same level of performance guarantees in any measurable aspects of run time performance, including number of meaningful action per second, jitter, latency, real time considerations - the works. (and yes, I realize this is by far not a trivial assumption at all, bare with me). How would you justify going with a Linux SMP based solution rather then a bare metal thin executive solution? The question may seems silly. It certainly seems obvious to me - but I have to convince someone that does not think the same. Could you help make a list of arguments in favor of choosing a real SMP aware OS (Linux) vs. a bare metal executive assuming performance guarantees are NOT an issue? Many thanks

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  • What's the demonym for people who use Stack Exchange or Stack Overflow? [closed]

    - by YatharthROCK
    What's the demonym† for people who use Stack Exchange and its network of sites? There's isn't a documented answer anywhere, so I'd like to know the general consensus. Suggestions and ideas are welcome too.‡ Give one answer per site: Stack Exchange Stack Overflow Super User Server Fault And any other site you think has one unique enough :) † Demonymns for or the collective noun used to refer to the people ‡ I asked it on English.SE too. Should I have done that? Would Meta.SO have been more appropriate?

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  • What features are helpful when performing remote debugging / diagnostics?

    - by Pemdas
    Obviously, the easiest way to solve a bug is to be able to reproduce it in-house. However, sometimes that is not practical. For starters, users are often not very good at providing you with useful information. Customer Service: "what seems to be the issue?" User: "It crashed!" To further compound that, sometimes the bug only occurs under certain environmentally conditions that can not be adequately replicated in-house. With that in mind, it is important to build some sort of diagnostic framework into your product. What types of built-in diagnostic tools have you used or seen used? Logging seems to be the predominate method, which makes sense. We have a fairly sophisticated logging frame work in place with different levels of verbosity and the ability to filter on specific modules (actually we can filter down to the granularity of a single file). Error logs are placed strategically to manufacture a pretty good representation of a stack trace when an error occurs. We don't have the luxury of 10 million terabytes of disk space since I work on embedded platforms, so we have two ways of getting them off the system: a serial port and a syslog server. However, an issue we run into sometimes is actually getting the user to turn the logs on. Our current framework often requires some user interaction.

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  • Is these company terms good for a programmer or should I move?

    - by o_O
    Here are some of the terms and conditions set forward by my employer. Does these make sense for a job like programming? No freelancing in any way even in your free time outside company work hours (may be okay. May be they wanted their employees to be fully concentrating on their full time job. Also they don't want their employees to do similar work for a competing client. Completely rational in that sense). - So sort of agreed. Any thing you develop like ideas, design, code etc while I'm employed there, makes them the owner of that. Seriously? Don't you think that its bad (for me)? If I'm to develop something in my free time (by cutting down sleep and hard working), outside the company time and resource, is that claim rational? I heard that Steve Wozniak had such a contract while he was working at HP. But that sort of hardware design and also those companies pay well, when compared to the peanuts I get. No other kind of works allowed. Means no open source stuffs. Fully dedicated to being a puppet for the employer, though the working environment is sort of okay. According to my assessment this place would score a 10/12 in Joel's test. So are these terms okay especially considering the fact that I'm underpaid with peanuts?

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  • Segmentation fault while switching QCompleter for QLineEdit [on hold]

    - by san
    I have a QLineEdit that uses autocompletion one which on focusIn event in which it shows paths from XML List(here I have used hardcoded list) but if user doesn't find the path from that list popped by QCompleter than I want user to be able to browse to path typing '/' in QLineEdit , I am not able to select the paths say /Users etc and on trying to type Segmentation fault occurs. from PyQt4.Qt import Qt, QObject,QLineEdit from PyQt4.QtCore import pyqtSlot,SIGNAL,SLOT from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore import sys class DirLineEdit(QLineEdit, QtCore.QObject): """docstring for DirLineEdit""" def __init__(self): super(DirLineEdit, self).__init__() self.defaultList = ['~/Development/python/searchMethod', '~/Development/Nuke_python', '~/Development/python/openexr', '~/Development/python/cpp2python'] self.textChanged.connect(self.__dirCompleter) def focusInEvent(self, event): if len(self.text()) == 0: self._pathsList() QtGui.QLineEdit.focusInEvent(self, event) self.completer().complete() def __dirCompleter(self): if len(self.text()) == 0: model = MyListModel(self.defaultList, self) completer = QtGui.QCompleter(model, self) completer.setModel(model) else: dirModel = QtGui.QFileSystemModel() dirModel.setRootPath(QtCore.QDir.currentPath()) dirModel.setFilter(QtCore.QDir.AllDirs | QtCore.QDir.NoDotAndDotDot | QtCore.QDir.Files) dirModel.setNameFilterDisables(0) completer = QtGui.QCompleter(dirModel, self) completer.setCaseSensitivity(QtCore.Qt.CaseInsensitive) completer.setModel(dirModel) self.setCompleter(completer) def _pathsList(self): completerList = QtCore.QStringList() for i in self.defaultList: completerList.append(QtCore.QString(i)) lineEditCompleter = QtGui.QCompleter(completerList) lineEditCompleter.setCompletionMode(QtGui.QCompleter.UnfilteredPopupCompletion) self.setCompleter(lineEditCompleter) class MyListModel(QtCore.QAbstractListModel): def __init__(self, datain, parent=None, *args): """ datain: a list where each item is a row """ QtCore.QAbstractTableModel.__init__(self, parent, *args) self.listdata = datain def rowCount(self, parent=QtCore.QModelIndex()): return len(self.listdata) def data(self, index, role): if index.isValid() and role == QtCore.Qt.DisplayRole: return QtCore.QVariant(self.listdata[index.row()]) else: return QtCore.QVariant() app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) smObj = DirLineEdit() smObj.show() app.exec_() Please help fix this or suggest better way of implementation?

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  • Google Analytics with multiple environments

    - by marcof
    We are planning to use Google Analytics in our organization and I am in charge for setting it up. I was wondering how to deal with multiple environments. We sure do not want to collect data during development and QA (or maybe collect data to a different analytics account), but we want to when the site goes to production (obviously). How do you deal with multiple environments and Google Analytics ? Do you setup multiple accounts for Google Analytics and use either one depending on the environement ? We're using ASP.NET 2.0, if that matters.

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  • How do I find a programming internship / practice?

    - by user828584
    I'm taking the SAT soon, and quickly heading toward the chaos of figuring out which college's I will be able to attend, and how on Earth I'll be able to afford it. I would like to be able to gain some experience in programming or web development, but I don't know where to look. I've been trying my best to learn over the past year, and have been doing alright in C# and the web languages (HTML, PHP, CSS, javascript). I have no idea where to look though. I've asked similar questions and rummaged through old questions on here, and they all say nothing specifically. The main two points are always "Contribute to open source projects" and "Find a company and ask to be a part of it." I don't know how to find either of the two. I've looked online at github and source forge, and the like, but all the projects are already so progressed and I just don't have the experience needed to bring myself up to speed with their code. I don't have much experience in code management, and I don't know how to get it. I would be ecstatic to be able to start a project with a group of more experienced members, but, like I said, I have no clue how to find these people.

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  • RESTFul: state changing actions

    - by Miro Svrtan
    I'am planning to build RESTfull API but there are some architectural questions that are creating some problems in my head. Adding backend bussiness logic to clients is option that I would like to avoid since updating multiple client platforms is hard to maintain in real time when bussiness logic can rapidly change. Lets say we have article as a resource ( api/article ), how should we implement actions like publish, unpublish,activate or deactivate and so on but to try to keep it as simple as possible? 1) Should we use api/article/{id}/{action} since a lot of backend logic can happen there like pushing to remote locations or change of multiple properties. Probably the hardest thing here is that we need to send all article data back to API for updating and multiuser work could not be implemented. For instance editor could send 5 seconds older data and overwrite fix that some other journalist just did 2 seconds ago and there is no way that I could explain to clients this since those publishing an article is really not in any way connected to updating the content. 2) Creating new resource can also be an option, api/article-{action}/id , but then returned resource would not be article-{action} but article which I'am not sure if this is proper. Also in server side code article class is handling actuall work on both resource and I'm not sure if this goes against RESTfull thinking Any suggestions are welcomed..

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  • How could a human factors degree help a computer scientist?

    - by Bob Dole
    I'm wrapping up a masters in CS and already have half the credit hours needed for a degree in Human Factors. I just recently discovered how useful understanding about cognition can help someone that creates user interfaces and am thirsty for more knowledge in the area. For me, it seems that having both a masters in Human Factors and CS would be very marketable but would there be jobs out there that would allow me to apply both? Meaning what I would really like to do is take the requirements for some application, apply different Human Factors theories( GOMS, CE+ ) to developing the interface, maybe do cognitive walk through with users to optimize the UI, then develop the application. Do jobs out there exist like this? The reason I ask, is because I'm wondering if most places just want you to be either a Human Factors Expert or a Developer but not both.

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  • C++ Building Static Library Project with a Folder Structure

    - by Jake
    I'm working on some static libraries using visual studio 2012, and after building I copy .lib and .h files to respective directories to match a desired hierarchy such as: drive:/libraries/libname/includes/libname/framework drive:/libraries/libname/includes/libname/utitlies drive:/libraries/libname/lib/... etc I'm thinking something similar to the boost folder layout. I have been doing this manually so far. My library solution contains projects, and when I update and recompile I simply recopy files where they need to be. Is there a simpler way to do this? Perhaps a way to compile the project with certain rules per project as to where the projects .h and .lib files should go?

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  • Who owns code if its written by one person with another person directing [on hold]

    - by user136226
    I have an Issue that I need some info on. Basically what Im looking to find out is if I create software,and someone else gives me direction on what they want the software to look like,e.g. an image here,this font of text and it must behave in a certain way. Also some of the code was not developed on my computer and there is no official agreement in place. Not looking to screw anyone over here but need to protect myself if things go sour. Do I own the software or is it jointly owned? Thanks

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  • Why doesn't libxml2 support XPath 2.0?

    - by Peter Krauss
    Libxml2 is the faster, stable and most popular "open DOM engine"... And the "XML C parser and toolkit of Gnome". The initial release of Libxml2 was September 1999, 13 years ago. XPath v1.0 was also released at 1999. XPath v2.0 became a recommendation on January 2007, 6 years ago. We can suppose that the Libxml2 community have time and people to develop a XPath2... So, what is the problem? Why doesn't libxml2 (or a "libxml2 fork" or an "experimental lib"!) support XPath 2.0? Some raised hypotheses to discussion at answers, Because Libxml2 community (and Gnome community) dislikes and have no motivation to develop something to XPath2 or xQuery. 1.1. XPath2 needs (by mathematical proof) a very heavy parser, much slower, etc. that is not suitable to real-world Libxml2 applications. 1.2. Other "ideologic" dislikes/motivations. Because it is written with C, and for XPath2 is better to develop with C++. Because the above hypothesis of "Libxml2 community have time and people" is false. Because XPath2 became stable in 2010 with its "Second Edition" release, and ~2.5 years is not (?) enough time.

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  • Why use an OO approach instead of a giant "switch" statement?

    - by James P. Wright
    I am working in a .Net, C# shop and I have a coworker that keeps insisting that we should use giant Switch statements in our code with lots of "Cases" rather than more object oriented approaches. His argument consistently goes back to the fact that a Switch statement compiles to a "cpu jump table" and is therefore the fastest option (even though in other things our team is told that we don't care about speed). I honestly don't have an argument against this...because I don't know what the heck he's talking about. Is he right? Is he just talking out his ass? Just trying to learn here.

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  • Looking for suggestions: becoming a hireable, young programmer [closed]

    - by Dan
    I am a 17 year old Java programmer that has filled the last year with learning all of the ins and outs of Java - Using Eclipse, and the help of a friend of the family (a Java programming architect for some company), I have learned everything from serializing objects, basic networking, generics, reflection, multi-threading, code optimization and efficiency & some concurrency safety - built my own proxy class, and nowadays, I answer questions on Project Euler. I am seeking some suggestions though on where I go next, or where I go from here to get a job in programming. I dedicate at least an hour every day to coding, sometimes literally, the entire day, and I really have come to love the process. I just started reading Effective Java (v2), and learning Scala (as I see often, possibly the Java replacement) I will be going to college for Computer Science next year - and taking AP computer science this year (however, I took a practice exam and got an 87, only need a 60to70 to pass, so no need to study for it too much) -- I was wondering if getting the SE 7 OCA and OCP would help me in trying to get a programming job. I looked around and most people have said online that an OCA/OCP are practically useless, but, at my age do they make me any more credible? More or less, what would you recommend to get a job in programming these days - or distinguish yourself from the crowd? I have enough time and dedication to learn another language, or anything really. Thank you very much.

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  • REST and PayPal

    - by Nikolay Fominyh
    Is it ok to query REST API and get redirect to third party from it, or it is only about resources? Let's look at following scenario: User gets to payment page User clicks on "Pay using paypal button" API query PayPal for redirect url API returns redirect url in response. Client side redirect goes here. User does PayPal routine and returns with token User query API with token API do token check and adds money Is this scenario complex for REST architecture?

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  • Choosing a crossplatform for mobile development

    - by Mech0z
    I am creating a enterprise project and will develop the app for WP, Android and IPhone (Maybe also tablets) I have then done some research of what solutions are out there and have narrowed my choice down to 3 platforms (Due to my requirement to work with Bluetooth) The biggest requirement other than Bluetooth is the need to create good interfaces and module programming so its easy to maintain the whole solution, other than that I would like to use C# but its not a real requirement, but if the difference between 2 platforms is very small then it might tip the scale. Mono (MonoTouch, Mono for android) PhoneGap RhoMobile From my understanding then PhoneGap is not suited for business apps and I am not entirely sure why, but it seems like a platform made for speed rather than long term developement, not sure how true this is. RhoMobile is made for enterprice and might suit my needs, but not sure if its a good platform Anyone with insight that care to share their opinion Mono is C#, seems to be very mature and I found MvvmCross which should help organize the project

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  • After how much line of code a function should be break down?

    - by Sumeet
    While working on existing code base, I usually come across procedures that contain Abusive use of IF and Switch statements. The procedures consist of overwhelming code, which I think require re-factoring badly. The situation gets worse when I identify that some of these are recursive as well. But this is always a matter of debate as the code is working fine and no one wants to wake up the dragon. But, everyone accepts it is very expensive code to manage. I am wondering if are any recommendations to determine if a particular Method is a culprit and needs a revisit/rewrite , so that it can broken down or polymophized in an effective manner. Are there any Metrics (like no. of lines in procedure) that can be used to identify such segment of code. The checklist or advice to convince everyone, will be great!

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  • Career Development: What should I learn next after Python? and Why? [closed]

    - by Josh
    Hi all I'm currently learning Python. I want to know what should I learn next out of these programming langauages: PHP Actionscript 3 Objective-C (iPhone applications) I work in the Multimedia industry and have decided to learn Python as a first programming language seriously because I would like to learn the basics of programming, to mainly write scripts at work that Automate task (eg. Edit multiple XML files quickly) At work we have a senior developer who knows Actionscript and PHP very well (although knows PHP better). We also have been developing iPhone applications for 2 weeks, Our senior developer could learn it although we have lots of work currently with PHP and Actionscript 3 type work and haven't had time or reason to pick up iOS development. Here are the reasons I want to learn each language, But I cannot decide what I'll learn next: PHP: I want to learn PHP because it will help with Web Development. PHP is very wanted by employers. Senior developer at work writes everything in it web sites, CMS etc. (including XML checks and scripts), I will learn a lot from him (once I learn the basics). However, I don't want to learn Web because you have to deal with lots of cross-browser problems. Actionscript 3: At work we are looking to put on another developer to help with online activities and very small games (using Actionscript 3.0 and Flash CS5) for (eg. First Aid Activities etc) I would like to do things that have a element of design as I'm better at Photoshop then developing. I want to be creative, I like to interact with users in a fun way. Objective-C (iPhone applications): We are a all mac office, we may get more iPhone, iPad application work(jobs) that need to be created. Work has found it nearly impossible to find good iPhone developers. I like apple products (Macs and iPhones), I would like to make my own games, applications in my spare time(if I knew how). Should I learn Actionscript first because it would be easier to learn then Objective-C? Should I learn PHP because it is very widely used? Should I learn Objective-C because it is really wanted by employers now?

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