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• What triggered the popularity of lambda functions in modern mainstream programming languages?

  - by Giorgio

  In the last few years anonymous functions (AKA lambda functions) have become a very popular language construct and almost every major / mainstream programming language has introduced them or is planned to introduce them in an upcoming revision of the standard. Yet, anonymous functions are a very old and very well-known concept in Mathematics and Computer Science (invented by the mathematician Alonzo Church around 1936, and used by the Lisp programming language since 1958, see e.g. here). So why didn't today's mainstream programming languages (many of which originated 15 to 20 years ago) support lambda functions from the very beginning and only introduced them later? And what triggered the massive adoption of anonymous functions in the last few years? Is there some specific event, new requirement or programming technique that started this phenomenon? IMPORTANT NOTE The focus of this question is the introduction of anonymous functions in modern, main-stream (and therefore, maybe with a few exceptions, non functional) languages. Also, note that anonymous functions (blocks) are present in Smalltalk, which is not a functional language, and that normal named functions have been present even in procedural languages like C and Pascal for a long time. Please do not overgeneralize your answers by speaking about "the adoption of the functional paradigm and its benefits", because this is not the topic of the question.

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• Is writing software in the absence of requirements a skill to possess or a situation I should avoid?

  - by Brian Reindel

  I find that some software developers are very adept at this, and often times are praised for their ability to deliver a working concept with abstract requirements. Frankly, this drives me crazy, and I don't like "making it up" as I go. I used to think this was problematic, but I've started to sense a shift, and I'm wondering if I need to adjust my thought (and programming) process when given very little direction. Should I begin to acquire this ability as a skill, or stick to the idea that requirement's gathering and business rules are the first priority?

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• How can I discourage the use of Access?

  - by Greg Buehler

  Lets pretend that a very large company (revenue numbers with more than 8 figures) is looking to do a refresh on a software system, particularly the dashboard used by employees. This system was originally put together in the early 1990's to handle inventory tracking and storage across a variety of facilities (10+). Since this large company is now in the process of implementing some of these inventory processes with SAP they are in need of a major refresh. The existing system: Microsoft Access project performs dashboard duties Unique shipping/receiving configurations at different facilities require unique forms and queries within the Access project Uses 3rd party libraries referenced by Access to directly interface with at control system (read: motors, conveyors, and counters) Individual SQL Server 2000 instances (some traces of pre-update SQL Server 6.0 documents) at each facility The Issue: This system started as a home brewed inventory tracking scheme with a single internal sponsor who is still in charge of the technical direction. The original sponsor prescribing the desired deliverables that are being called for in the current RFP. The RFP describes a system based around a single Access project. Any suggestion that Access is ill suited for a project of this scope are shot down under the reasoning that "it works for the scope now". Are there any case studies, notices, or statements that can be used to disuade this potential customer from repeating their mistake? Does Microsoft make any statements directly about when it is highly recommended to ditch Access?

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• Career opportunities for mid-20 .Net developer

  - by Valera Kolupaev

  Recently, I have moved to Toronto and started exploring career opportunities here. My first impressions about .net developer/architect career are really controversial. Here options that comes to my mind right now: Grow as a developer, lead and solution architect in large and well-known company, like Logitech or IBM. Doing .net development medium size (10-30) software shops Joining some start-up guys First one, seems very bureaucratic with kills all programming fun, that is such valuable to me. And there is not a lot of start ups, that are based on MS technology stack. Good mid-size company seems like a best fit to me, since I can have a lot of fun, doing new projects. Previously I have been working at large (5000+) outsourcing provider as a .Net developer. I was kind of a 'vanilla' time, because our team were always doing massive scale projects from scratch, on latest .Net stack. I would really appreciate if you share pros and cons of path, that you have chosen and what you value most in your current project. I'll start: Pros for Mid-size You are really close to business and application consumers, without all bureaucratic papers Cons It seems, that career oportunities of vertical growth is rather limited, once I have to switch to my own company or join development team of some big players.

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• C++ Iterator lifetime and detecting invalidation

  - by DK.

  Based on what's considered idiomatic in C++11: should an iterator into a custom container survive the container itself being destroyed? should it be possible to detect when an iterator becomes invalidated? are the above conditional on "debug builds" in practice? Details: I've recently been brushing up on my C++ and learning my way around C++11. As part of that, I've been writing an idiomatic wrapper around the uriparser library. Part of this is wrapping the linked list representation of parsed path components. I'm looking for advice on what's idiomatic for containers. One thing that worries me, coming most recently from garbage-collected languages, is ensuring that random objects don't just go disappearing on users if they make a mistake regarding lifetimes. To account for this, both the PathList container and its iterators keep a shared_ptr to the actual internal state object. This ensures that as long as anything pointing into that data exists, so does the data. However, looking at the STL (and lots of searching), it doesn't look like C++ containers guarantee this. I have this horrible suspicion that the expectation is to just let containers be destroyed, invalidating any iterators along with it. std::vector certainly seems to let iterators get invalidated and still (incorrectly) function. What I want to know is: what is expected from "good"/idiomatic C++11 code? Given the shiny new smart pointers, it seems kind of strange that STL allows you to easily blow your legs off by accidentally leaking an iterator. Is using shared_ptr to the backing data an unnecessary inefficiency, a good idea for debugging or something expected that STL just doesn't do? (I'm hoping that grounding this to "idiomatic C++11" avoids charges of subjectivity...)

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• Ways to break the "Syndrome of the perfect programmer"

  - by Rushino

  I am probably not the only one that feel that way. But I have what I tend to call "The syndrome of the perfect programmer" which many might say is the same as being perfectionist but in this case it's in the domain of programming. However, the domain of programming is a bit problematic for such a syndrome. Have you ever felt that when you are programming you're not confident or never confident enought that your code is clean and good code that follows most of the best practices ? There so many rules to follow that I feel like being overwhelmed somehow. Not that I don't like to follow the rules of course I am a programmer and I love programming, I see this as an art and I must follow the rules. But I love it too, I mean I want and I love to follow the rules in order to have a good feeling of what im doing is going the right way.. but I only wish I could have everything a bit more in "control" regarding best practices and good code. Maybe it's a lack of organization? Maybe it's a lack of experience? Maybe a lack of practice? Maybe it's a lack of something else someone could point out? Is there any way to get rid of that syndrome somehow ?

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• What's the difference between stateful and stateless?

  - by Pankaj Upadhyay

  The books and documentation on the MVC just heap on using the Stateful and Stateless terms. To be honest, i am just unable to grab the idea of it, what the books are talking about. They don't give an example to understand any of the either state, rather than just telling that HTTP is stateless and with ASP.NET MVC microsoft is going along with it. Am I missing some fundamental knowledge, as i can't understand what is stateful and why is stateful and same goes for stateless. A simple and short example that talks about a control like button or textbox can be simplify the understanding i suppose.

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• Who should write the test plan?

  - by Cheng Kiang

  Hi, I am in the in-house development team of my company, and we develop our company's web sites according to the requirements of the marketing team. Before releasing the site to them for acceptance testing, we were requested to give them a test plan to follow. However, the development team feels that since the requirements came from the requestors, they would have the best knowledge of what to test, what to lookout for, how things should behave etc and a test plan is thus not required. We are always in an argument over this, and developers find it a waste of time to write down things like:- Click on button A. Key in XYZ in the form field and click button B. You should see behaviour C. which we have to repeat for each requirement/feature requested. This is basically rephrasing what's already in the requirements document. We are moving towards using an Agile approach for managing our projects and this is also requested at the end of each iteration. Unit and integration testing aside, who should be the one to come up with the end user acceptance test plan? Should it be the reqestors or the developers? Many thanks in advance. Regards CK

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• What's the best project management software for internal dev. 5 man shop

  - by P.Brian.Mackey

  I work for a large corporation, but we do small intranet web application development. Our project management tracking sucks. Its custom software built by a jr. intern. For what its worth, our development style is akin to agile, but there's nothing set in stone...very customer oriented approach. I need project tracking that meets the criteria: Intranet, internal products. Mostly maintenance, some new development. 5 developers 12 products 1 hands-off manager. He really just wants to know estimated man hours, due date for dev, QA and release. Along with a short description of the project. Free or super cheap. Bonus Simple pretty UI. Think pretty charts. Hope I covered everything. Please ask for any clarification. If you read dreaming in code, the company uses some project tracking software that sounds pretty sweet. Note, we do have Team Foundation Server. I already tried pushing its use as PM tracking, but its too complicated. I can't get people to sit and train. So this software has to be easy.

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• Incorporating GPL Code in my Open Source Project

  - by rutherford

  I have downloaded a currently inactive GPL project with a view to updating it and releasing the completed codebase as open source. I'm not really a fan of GPL though and would rather licence my project under BSD. What are my options? Is it just a case of keeping any existing non-touched code under the GPL and any updated stuff can be BSD (messy)? The source will essentially be the same codebase i.e. there is no logical separation between the two and they certainly can't be split into anything resembling different libraries. Are my only realistic options to either GPL the whole thing or seek the original author's permission to release everthing under BSD?

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• Packages organisation with MVC design pattern

  - by Oltarus

  I have been programming quite a lot now and still can't decide which of these packages hierachies was the best: package1 Class1Controller Class1Model Class1View package2 Class2Controller Class2Model Class2View or controller Class1Controller Class2Contoller model Class1Model Class2Model view Class1View Class2View In other words, is it better to apply the MVC design pattern to classes or to packages? Is there any reason to choose one over the other? My question is language-agnostic, but I'm mostly a Java programmer, if it does any difference.

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• Why has there been no serious research in statistical programming languages for 25 years?

  - by Robert

  The two main statistical languages today are S (in the form of R) and SAS, which today pretty much have the form they had 25 years ago. Whatever usability problems or worker productivity problems they had then, they still have today. I'm a data language designer, and I look at, largely, four aspects: Usability (learning curve & readability - here Python scores high) Productivity (how long it takes to finish your work) Flexibility (SAS and R don't have problems here, but a macro library will) Reliability (in the QA/reproducibility sense, usually a PL does better than a GUI here) By the way, I have a language that can produce complex statistical tables much faster than SAS (like 25 lines of code instead of several hundred lines of code). And I'm going to produce a language for data cleaning that will be great for usability (it'll be my third).

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• Making LISPs manageable

  - by Andrea

  I am trying to learn Clojure, which seems a good candidate for a successful LISP. I have no problem with the concepts, but now I would like to start actually doing something. Here it comes my problem. As I mainly do web stuff, I have been looking into existing frameworks, database libraries, templating libraries and so on. Often these libraries are heavily based on macros. Now, I like very much the possibility of writing macros to get a simpler syntax than it would be possible otherwise. But it definitely adds another layer of complexity. Let me take an example of a migration in Lobos from a blog post: (defmigration add-posts-table (up [] (create clogdb (table :posts (integer :id :primary-key ) (varchar :title 250) (text :content ) (boolean :status (default false)) (timestamp :created (default (now))) (timestamp :published ) (integer :author [:refer :authors :id] :not-null)))) (down [] (drop (table :posts )))) It is very readable indeed. But it is hard to recognize what the structure is. What does the function timestamp return? Or is it a macro? Having all this freedom of writing my own syntax means that I have to learn other people's syntax for every library I want to use. How can I learn to use these components effectively? Am I supposed to learn each small DSL as a black box?

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• Can you point me to a nontrivial strategy pattern implementation?

  - by Eugen Martynov

  We are faced implementing a registration workflow with many branches. There are three main flows which in some conditions lead to one another. Each flow has at least four different steps; some steps interact with the server, and every step adds more information to the state. Also the requirement is to have it persistent between sessions, so if the user closes the app (this is a mobile app), it will restore the process from the last completed step with the state from the previous session. I think this could benefit from the use of the strategy pattern, but I've never had to implement it for such a complex case. Does anyone know of any examples in open source or articles from which I could find inspiration? Preferably the examples would be from a live/working/stable application. I'm interested in Java implementation mostly; we are developing for Java mobile phones: android, blackberry and J2ME. We have an SDK which is quite well separated from platform specific implementations, but examples in C++, C#, Objective-C or Python would be acceptable.

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• Best algorithm/practice when creating a search mechanism for your database?

  - by Alex Hope O'Connor

  I have been designing a database where it is very important to provide users with a good search mechanism. So I was wondering what some of the best practices are for using keywords to search over multiple database tables and return the relevent records? Some other things I am curious about: The users location, if they provide an address The speed of the algorithm Additional Information: I am using C# and LINQ-To-SQL.

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• Consultant - Google Cloud Endpoints

  - by Marc M.

  How does when go along finding a consultant to hire for a few hours for particular technologies? Lets say Google Cloud Endpoints, basically a professional at the library that can answer anything I need to know about it? How much might this cost. Can you hire them for only a couple hours at a time? Or even for a 20 minute phone call like a lawyer? P.S. I could use someone on call for Objectify questions too.

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• Which is more important in a web application code promotion hierarchy? production environment to repo equivalence or unidirectional propagation?

  - by ghbarratt

  Lets say you have a code promotion hierarchy consisting of several environments, (the polar end) two of which are development (dev) and production (prod). Lets say you also have a web application where important (but not developer controlled) files are created (and perhaps altered) in the production environment. Lets say that you (or someone above you) decided that the files which are controlled/created/altered/deleted in the production environment needed to go into the repository. Which of the following two sets of practice / approaches do you find best: Committing these non-developed file modifications made in the production environment so that the repository reflects the production environment as closely and as often as possible. Generally ignoring the non-developed production environment alterations, placing confidence in backups to restore the production environment should it be harmed, and keeping a resolution to avoid pushing developments through the promotion hierarchy in the reverse direction (avoiding pushing from prod to dev), only committing the files found in the production environment if they were absolutely necessary in other environments for development. So, 1 or 2, and why? PS - I am currently slightly biased toward maintaining production environment to repository equivalence (option 1), but I keep an open mind and would accept an answer supporting either.

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• Benefits of classic OOP over Go-like language

  - by tylerl

  I've been thinking a lot about language design and what elements would be necessary for an "ideal" programming language, and studying Google's Go has led me to question a lot of otherwise common knowledge. Specifically, Go seems to have all of the interesting benefits from object oriented programming without actually having any of the structure of an object oriented language. There are no classes, only structures; there is no class/structure inheritance -- only structure embedding. There aren't any hierarchies, no parent classes, no explicit interface implementations. Instead, type casting rules are based on a loose system similar to duck-typing, such that if a struct implements the necessary elements of a "Reader" or a "Request" or an "Encoding", then you can cast it and use it as one. Does such a system obsolete the concept of OOP? Or is there something about OOP as implemented in C++ and Java and C# that is inherently more capable, more maintainable, somehow more powerful that you have to give up when moving to a language like Go? What benefit do you have to give up to gain the simplicity that this new paradigm represents?

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• Business layer access to the data layer

  - by rerun

  I have a Business layer (BL) and a Data layer (DL). I have an object o with a child objects collection of Type C. I would like to provide a semantics like the following o.Children.Add("info"). In the BL I would like to have a static CLASS that all of business layer classes uses to get a reference to the current datalayer instance. Is there any issue with that or must I use the factory pattern to limit creation to A class in the BL that knows the DL instance.

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• Python or Ruby in 2011.

  - by Sleeper Smith

  What I'm really asking is, in the current services and technologies provided, which is a more "useful" language? Which one has more opportunity? Some background info first. I'm a .net C# dev for 5 years. Having done a few projects on Amazon AWS, I'm looking to start a few projects of my own. But Azure's too expensive, and AWS has too much management overhead. My current choice is Google App Engine and Python. Logical enough. But what I want to ask here is this: In Linux world, which is more useful? Recently heard about Heroku for Ruby. How viable is this? Looking at the pricing model indicates that it's more expensive. Which one has more up-to-date and exciting open source projects? For instance Trac is just plain out dated compared to Redmine. One of the big reason pulling me for Ruby is Redmine. Implementations? IronPython/IronRuby/JRuby etc etc. Which one is more standardised and more implementation agnostic? Which one is easier to port between Windows/Linux? Anyway, your input and thoughts are greatly appreciated. thanks.

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• Stuff you should have learned in school but didn't pay attention to at the time

  - by HLGEM

  This question made me think that there was a better question to ask. What did you learn in school that you didn't care about at the time, but turned out to be useful or you had to relearn in the workplace because you had it in school, but didn't retain the information and you needed it? (I mean for software related jobs.) I think this might help college students identify some of what they really should be paying attention to while they are in school.

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• How do I make a firefox extension execute script on page open/load? [migrated]

  - by Will Mc

  Thanks in advance! I am creating my first extension (A firefox extension). See below for full description of final product. I need help starting off. I have looked and studied the HelloWorld.xpi example found on Mozilla's site so I am happy to edit that to learn. In the example, when you click a menu item it runs script to display an alert message. My question is, how would I edit this extension to run the script on page load? I am guessing I need to insert some code in the browserOverlay as it loads on page load so, here is the browserOverlay.xpi from the example I am editing to learn: <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="chrome://global/skin/" ?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="chrome://xulschoolhello/skin/browserOverlay.css" ?> <!DOCTYPE overlay SYSTEM "chrome://xulschoolhello/locale/browserOverlay.dtd"> <overlay id="xulschoolhello-browser-overlay" xmlns="http://www.mozilla.org/keymaster/gatekeeper/there.is.only.xul"> <script type="application/x-javascript" src="chrome://xulschoolhello/content/browserOverlay.js" /> <stringbundleset id="stringbundleset"> <stringbundle id="xulschoolhello-string-bundle" src="chrome://xulschoolhello/locale/browserOverlay.properties" /> </stringbundleset> <menubar id="main-menubar"> <menu id="xulschoolhello-hello-menu" label="&xulschoolhello.hello.label;" accesskey="&xulschoolhello.helloMenu.accesskey;" insertafter="helpMenu"> <menupopup> <menuitem id="xulschoolhello-hello-menu-item" label="&xulschoolhello.hello.label;" accesskey="&xulschoolhello.helloItem.accesskey;" oncommand="XULSchoolChrome.BrowserOverlay.sayHello(event);" /> </menupopup> </menu> </menubar> <vbox id="appmenuSecondaryPane"> <menu id="xulschoolhello-hello-menu-2" label="&xulschoolhello.hello.label;" accesskey="&xulschoolhello.helloMenu.accesskey;" insertafter="appmenu_addons"> <menupopup> <menuitem id="xulschoolhello-hello-menu-item-2" label="&xulschoolhello.hello.label;" accesskey="&xulschoolhello.helloItem.accesskey;" oncommand="XULSchoolChrome.BrowserOverlay.sayHello(event);" /> </menupopup> </menu> </vbox> </overlay> I hope you can help me. I need to know what code I should use and where I should put it... Here is the gist of my overall extension - I am creating a click to call extension. This extension will search any new page for a phone number whether just refreshed, new page, new tab etc... Each phone number when clicked will open a new tab and direct user to a custom URL. Thanks again!

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• How to organise projects with dependencies on BitBucket?

  - by Timwi

  Both Mercurial and BitBucket make one fundamental assumption: 1 repo = 1 project. If I have a project that has a dependency (a library) which is shared by many projects, this assumption gets in the way. Now it is no longer possible to have a separate BitBucket page for each project while still being able to commit atomic revisions to multiple projects. If I put all the projects into one repo, they all become one “project” on BitBucket. If I put them in separate repos, it is no longer possible to know which version of the library project was in use at revision X of a dependent project. How is this situation normally solved on BitBucket, or is there explicitly no support for this common scenario?

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• Recommended solutions for integrating iOS with .NET, at the service tier

  - by George

  I'm developing an application, in iOS, that is required to connect to my Windows Server to poll for new data, update, etc. As a seasoned C# developer, my first instinct is to start a new project in Visual Studio and select Web Service, letting my bias (and comfort level) dictate the service layer of my application. However, I don't want to be biased, and I don't base my decision on a service which I am very familiar with, at the cost of performance. I would like to know what other developers have had success using, and if there is a default standard for iOS service layer development? Are there protocols that are easier to consume than others within iOS? Better ones for the size and/or compression of data? Is there anything wrong with using SOAP? I know it's "big" in comparison to protocols like JSON.

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• Where can I find design exercises to work on?

  - by Oak

  I feel it's important to continue practicing my problem-solving skills. Writing my own mini-projects is one way, but another is to try and solve problems posted online. It's easy to find interesting programming quizzes online that require applying clever algorithms to solve - Project Euler is one well-known example. However, in a lot of real-life projects the design of the software - especially in the initial phases - has a large impact and at later stages it cannot be tweaked as easily as plain algorithms. In order to improve these skills, I'm looking for any collection of design problems. When I say "design", I mean the abstract design of a software solution - for example what modules will there be and what are the dependencies between them, how data will flow in the program, what sort of data needs to be saved in the database, etc. Design problems are those problems that are critical to solve in the early stages of any project, but their solution is a whiteboard diagram without a single line of code. Of course these sort of problems do not have a single correct solution, but I'll be especially happy with any place that also displays pros and cons of the typical solutions that might be used to approach the problem.

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