programmers - Page 243 - Developer IT

How does a "Variables introduce state"?

- by kunj2aan

I was reading the "C++ Coding Standards" and this line was there: Variables introduce state, and you should have to deal with as little state as possible, with lifetimes as short as possible. Doesn't anything that mutates eventually manipulate state? What does "you should have to deal with little state as possible" mean? In an impure language such as C++, isn't state management really what you are doing? And what are other ways to "deal with as little state as possible" other than limiting variable lifetime?

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Building a chat-like functionality in iOS

- by Mani BAtra

I was planning to implement a functionality wherein a user can send data to a friend of his, similar to sending messages in WhatsApp. This is how I broke down the problem : The user registers for the app. This equates to user info being stored on a dedicated server. With the phone number as the key identifier. The user selects the friend to send a message to and pushes the data. The receiver polls the server regularly and acknowledges that the data has been received. I did a little bit of research and am thinking of implementing this using the XMPP Framework for iOS. Any pointers as to is this the correct implementation or some advice in general?

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How to build a team of people not working together?

- by Bernd

I am in charge of a group of about 30 software development experts and architects. While these people are co-located in the companies organization chart, they do not really feel as a team. This is due to their work enviroment: 1) The people are spread over eight locations, with a max. distance of about 1000km (this is Europe). 2) The people don't work as team but instead get called as single people (and sometimes small groups into projects for as long as the projects run. 3) Travelling is somewhat limited as this requires business reasons. Lot is done via phone. Do you have ideas or suggestions on how I could make these people feeling part of a joint organization where they support others and get supported by others. So that they get to know their peers, build a network, informally exchange information? So that they generally get the feeling of having common ground and derive motivation and job satisfaction?

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Studies on code documentation productivity gains/losses

- by J T

Hi everyone, After much searching, I have failed to answer a basic question pertaining to an assumed known in the software development world: WHAT IS KNOWN: Enforcing a strict policy on adequate code documentation (be it Doxygen tags, Javadoc, or simply an abundance of comments) adds over-head to the time required to develop code. BUT: Having thorough documentation (or even an API) brings with it productivity gains (one assumes) in new and seasoned developers when they are adding features, or fixing bugs down the road. THE QUESTION: Is the added development time required to guarantee such documentation offset by the gains in productivity down-the-road (in a strictly economical sense)? I am looking for case studies, or answers that can bring with them objective evidence supporting the conclusions that are drawn. Thanks in advance!

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How do I write code that doesn't suck? [closed]

- by Afnan

My friends and I would like to write a C# desktop application, and would like some guidance on how to make sure the code base is professional and well-kept. Should we use classes or interfaces for our inheritance patterns (which is better)? What are the best practices for professional applications? How do we know what sloppy code looks like, and how do we avoid creating sloppy code? Are there any best practices regarding the design of Winforms applications?

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Pattern for a class that does only one thing

- by Heinzi

Let's say I have a procedure that does stuff: void doStuff(initalParams) { ... } Now I discover that "doing stuff" is quite a compex operation. The procedure becomes large, I split it up into multiple smaller procedures and soon I realize that having some kind of state would be useful while doing stuff, so that I need to pass less parameters between the small procedures. So, I factor it out into its own class: class StuffDoer { private someInternalState; public Start(initalParams) { ... } // some private helper procedures here ... } And then I call it like this: new StuffDoer().Start(initialParams); or like this: new StuffDoer(initialParams).Start(); And this is what feels wrong. When using the .NET or Java API, I always never call new SomeApiClass().Start(...);, which makes me suspect that I'm doing it wrong. Sure, I could make StuffDoer's constructor private and add a static helper method: public static DoStuff(initalParams) { new StuffDoer().Start(initialParams); } But then I'd have a class whose external interface consists of only one static method, which also feels weird. Hence my question: Is there a well-established pattern for this type of classes that have only one entry point and have no "externally recognizable" state, i.e., instance state is only required during execution of that one entry point?

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Cheerp -- C++ for web: advance or regression?

- by Henrique Barcelos

Recently I've run into Cheerp, a C++ to Javascript compiler, which uses a modified version of clang to generate Javascript code from C++ sources. That makes me wonder: why in the seven kingdoms would someone do this in their right mind? I mean: why would you take a language that is not designed for web at all, that is far more convoluted and bureaucratic, write your code and then compile it into Javascript itself? Can anybody see any advantages in doing so? We surely can discard performance as a reason, because in the end it generates pure Javascript code. Is there anyone here that have real experience with this? P.S.: I'm not sure if this is an on topic question, but this is the most general forum about programming that I could find in the StackExchange network. Edit Although this seems like a subjective question, it is not. I am asking for reasons that this tool could be useful. I got interested at first, but started wondering why would someone use it.

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An alternative to multiple inheritance when creating an abstraction layer?

- by sebf

In my project I am creating an abstraction layer for some APIs. The purpose of the layer is to make multi-platform easier, and also to simplify the APIs to the feature set that I need while also providing some functionality, the implementation of which will be unique to each platform. At the moment, I have implemented it by defining and abstract class, which has methods which creates objects that implement interfaces. The abstract class and these interfaces define the capabilities of my abstraction layer. The implementation of these in my layer should of course be arbitrary from the POV view of my application, but I have done it, for my first API, by creating chains of subclasses which add more specific functionality as the features of the APIs they expose become less generic. An example would probably demonstrate this better: //The interface as seen by the application interface IGenericResource { byte[] GetSomeData(); } interface ISpecificResourceOne : IGenericResource { int SomePropertyOfResourceOne {get;} } interface ISpecificResourceTwo : IGenericResource { string SomePropertyOfResourceTwo {get;} } public abstract class MyLayer { ISpecificResourceOne CreateResourceOne(); ISpecificResourceTwo CreateResourceTwo(); void UseResourceOne(ISpecificResourceOne one); void UseResourceTwo(ISpecificResourceTwo two); } //The layer as created in my library public class LowLevelResource : IGenericResource { byte[] GetSomeData() {} } public class ResourceOne : LowLevelResource, ISpecificResourceOne { int SomePropertyOfResourceOne {get{}} } public class ResourceTwo : ResourceOne, ISpecificResourceTwo { string SomePropertyOfResourceTwo {get {}} } public partial class Implementation : MyLayer { override UseResourceOne(ISpecificResourceOne one) { DoStuff((ResourceOne)one); } } As can be seen, I am essentially trying to have two inheritance chains on the same object, but of course I can't do this so I simulate the second version with interfaces. The thing is though, I don't like using interfaces for this; it seems wrong, in my mind an interface defines a contract, any class that implements that interface should be able to be used where that interface is used but here that is clearly not the case because the interfaces are being used to allow an object from the layer to masquerade as something else, without the application needing to have access to its definition. What technique would allow me to define a comprehensive, intuitive collection of objects for an abstraction layer, while their implementation remains independent? (Language is C#)

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Using JDBC to asynchronously read large Oracle table

- by Ben George

What strategies can be used to read every row in a large Oracle table, only once, but as fast as possible with JDBC & Java ? Consider that each row has non-trivial amounts of data (30 columns, including large text in some columns). Some strategies I can think of are: Single thread and read table. (Too slow, but listed for clarity) Read the id's into ConcurrentLinkedQueue, use threads to consume queue and query by id in batches. Read id's into a JMS queue, use workers to consume queue and query by id in batches. What other strategies could be used ? For the purpose of this question assume processing of rows to be free.

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Python or Ruby in 2011.

- by Sleeper Smith

What I'm really asking is, in the current services and technologies provided, which is a more "useful" language? Which one has more opportunity? Some background info first. I'm a .net C# dev for 5 years. Having done a few projects on Amazon AWS, I'm looking to start a few projects of my own. But Azure's too expensive, and AWS has too much management overhead. My current choice is Google App Engine and Python. Logical enough. But what I want to ask here is this: In Linux world, which is more useful? Recently heard about Heroku for Ruby. How viable is this? Looking at the pricing model indicates that it's more expensive. Which one has more up-to-date and exciting open source projects? For instance Trac is just plain out dated compared to Redmine. One of the big reason pulling me for Ruby is Redmine. Implementations? IronPython/IronRuby/JRuby etc etc. Which one is more standardised and more implementation agnostic? Which one is easier to port between Windows/Linux? Anyway, your input and thoughts are greatly appreciated. thanks.

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Stuff you should have learned in school but didn't pay attention to at the time

- by HLGEM

This question made me think that there was a better question to ask. What did you learn in school that you didn't care about at the time, but turned out to be useful or you had to relearn in the workplace because you had it in school, but didn't retain the information and you needed it? (I mean for software related jobs.) I think this might help college students identify some of what they really should be paying attention to while they are in school.

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Sharing on Github

- by Alan

Over the past couple weeks I have gotten a lot of help from StackOverflow users on a project, and rather than keep the finished product to myself I wanted to share it unencumbered by licenses, but don't want there to be so much legwork during installation that users shy away from trying it. I am about to post it to Github and choosing public domain licensing. I would like to to be super simple for users to make use of and just FTP it up and go. That being said, do I need to make sure I remove things like the JQuery file, and other GPL / MIT licensed dependencies that I didn't write but that my code depends on? I haven't removed any copyright notices from the other code and all of it open source, it would just be nice if users could download everything at once while of course not trying to represent that I am the license holder of the dependencies. Inside my files are also some snippets, do those have to be externalized with installation instructions or can it be posted as is? Here is an example, my nav.php file is 115 lines long and I have these at the top: <script type="text/javascript" src="./js/ddaccordion.js"> /*********************************************** * Accordion Content script- (c) Dynamic Drive DHTML code library (www.dynamicdrive.com) * Visit http://www.dynamicDrive.com for hundreds of DHTML scripts * This notice must stay intact for legal use ***********************************************/ </script> <link href="css/admin.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript"> ddaccordion.init({ headerclass: "submenuheader", //Shared CSS class name of headers group contentclass: "submenu", //Shared CSS class name of contents group revealtype: "click", //Reveal content when user clicks or onmouseover the header? Valid value: "click", "clickgo", or "mouseover" mouseoverdelay: 200, //if revealtype="mouseover", set delay in milliseconds before header expands onMouseover collapseprev: false, //Collapse previous content (so only one open at any time)? true/false defaultexpanded: [], //index of content(s) open by default [index1, index2, etc] [] denotes no content onemustopen: false, //Specify whether at least one header should be open always (so never all headers closed) animatedefault: false, //Should contents open by default be animated into view? persiststate: true, //persist state of opened contents within browser session? toggleclass: ["", ""], //Two CSS classes to be applied to the header when it's collapsed and expanded, respectively ["class1", "class2"] togglehtml: ["suffix", "<img src='./images/plus.gif' class='statusicon' />", "<img src='./images/minus.gif' class='statusicon' />"], //Additional HTML added to the header when it's collapsed and expanded, respectively ["position", "html1", "html2"] (see docs) animatespeed: "fast", //speed of animation: integer in milliseconds (ie: 200), or keywords "fast", "normal", or "slow" oninit:function(headers, expandedindices){ //custom code to run when headers have initalized //do nothing }, onopenclose:function(header, index, state, isuseractivated){ //custom code to run whenever a header is opened or closed //do nothing } }) </script>

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AngularJS: structuring a web application with multiple ng-apps

- by mg1075

The blogosphere has a number of articles on the topic of AngularJS app structuring guidelines such as these (and others): http://www.johnpapa.net/angular-app-structuring-guidelines/ http://codingsmackdown.tv/blog/2013/04/19/angularjs-modules-for-great-justice/ http://danorlando.com/angularjs-architecture-understanding-modules/ http://henriquat.re/modularizing-angularjs/modularizing-angular-applications/modularizing-angular-applications.html However, one scenario I have yet to come across for guidelines and best practices is the case where you have a large web application containing multiple "mini-spa" apps, and the mini-spa apps all share a certain amount of code. I am not referring to the case of trying to have multiple ng-app declarations on the same page; rather, I mean different sections of a large site that have their own, unique ng-app declaration. As Scott Allen writes in his OdeToCode blog: One scenario I haven't found addressed very well is the scenario where multiple apps exist in the same greater web application and require some shared code on the client. Are there any recommended approaches to take, pitfalls to avoid, or good sample structures of this scenario that you can point to?

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how this code works and how to modify this code to get my desrire work? [closed]

- by imon_bayazid

I dont understand how these code works here : m_MouseHookManager.MouseDoubleClick+=HookManager_MouseDoubleClick; m_MouseHookManager.MouseDoubleClick -= HookManager_MouseDoubleClick; m_KeyboardHookManager.KeyPress +=HookManager_KeyPress; m_KeyboardHookManager.KeyPress -=HookManager_KeyPress; My full Code is here : using System; using System.Windows.Forms; using MouseKeyboardActivityMonitor.WinApi; namespace MouseKeyboardActivityMonitor.Demo { public partial class TestFormHookListeners : Form { private readonly KeyboardHookListener m_KeyboardHookManager; private readonly MouseHookListener m_MouseHookManager; public TestFormHookListeners() { InitializeComponent(); m_KeyboardHookManager = new KeyboardHookListener(new GlobalHooker()); // Hooks are not active after instantiation. You need to use either Enabled property or call Start()()()() method m_KeyboardHookManager.Enabled = true;//True - The Hook is presently installed, activated, and will fire events. m_MouseHookManager = new MouseHookListener(new GlobalHooker()); m_MouseHookManager.Enabled = true; } #region Check boxes to set or remove particular event handlers. private void checkBoxMouseDoubleClick_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (checkBoxMouseDoubleClick.Checked) { m_MouseHookManager.MouseDoubleClick += HookManager_MouseDoubleClick; } else { m_MouseHookManager.MouseDoubleClick -= HookManager_MouseDoubleClick; } } private void checkBoxKeyPress_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (checkBoxKeyPress.Checked) { m_KeyboardHookManager.KeyPress +=HookManager_KeyPress; } else { m_KeyboardHookManager.KeyPress -=HookManager_KeyPress; } } #endregion #region Event handlers of particular events. They will be activated when an appropriate checkbox is checked. private void HookManager_KeyPress(object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e) { Log(string.Format("KeyPress \t\t {0}\n", e.KeyChar)); } private void HookManager_MouseDoubleClick(object sender, MouseEventArgs e) { Log(string.Format("MouseDoubleClick \t\t {0}\n", e.Button)); } private void Log(string text) { textBoxLog.AppendText(text); textBoxLog.ScrollToCaret(); } #endregion private void checkBoxEnabled_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { m_MouseHookManager.Enabled = checkBoxEnabled.Checked; m_KeyboardHookManager.Enabled = checkBoxEnabled.Checked; } private void radioHooksType_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { Hooker hook; if (radioApplication.Checked) { hook = new AppHooker();//Provides methods for subscription and unsubscription to application mouse and keyboard hooks. } else { hook = new GlobalHooker();//Provides methods for subscription and unsubscription to global mouse and keyboard hooks. } m_KeyboardHookManager.Replace(hook); m_MouseHookManager.Replace(hook);//hook->An AppHooker or GlobalHooker object. //Enables you to switch from application hooks to global hooks //and vice versa on the fly without unsubscribing from events. //Component remains enabled or disabled state after this call as it was before. //Declaration Syntax } private void HookManager_Supress(object sender, MouseEventExtArgs e) { if (e.Button != MouseButtons.Right) { return; } Log("Suppressed.\n"); e.Handled = true; } } } Can anybody help to understand that??? I want by this that whenever a F5 key-pressed my application will be active and then it checks if double-click happen it gives a message .... **How can i modify that.....??????**

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Need suggestion for Mutiple Windows application design

- by King Chan

This was previously posted in StackOverflow, I just moved to here... I am using VS2008, MVVM, WPF, Prism to make a mutiple window CRM Application. I am using MidWinow in my MainWindow, I want Any ViewModel would able to make request to MainWindow to create/add/close MidChildWindow, ChildWindow(from WPF Toolkit), Window (the Window type). ViewModel can get the DialogResult from the ChildWindow its excutes. MainWindow have control on all opened window types. Here is my current approach: I made Dictionary of each of the windows type and stores them into MainWindow class. For 1, i.e in a CustomerInformationView, its CustomerInformationViewModel can execute EditCommand and use EventAggregator to tell MainWindow to open a new ChildWindow. CustomerInformationViewModel: CustomerEditView ceView = new CustomerEditView (); CustomerEditViewModel ceViewModel = CustomerEditViewModel (); ceView.DataContext = ceViewModel; ChildWindow cWindow = new ChildWindow(); cWindow.Content = ceView; MainWindow.EvntAggregator.GetEvent<NewWindowEvent>().Publish(new WindowEventArgs(ceViewModel.ViewModeGUID, cWindow )); cWindow.Show(); Notice that all my ViewModel will generates a Guid for help identifies the ChildWindow from MainWindow's dictionary. Since I will only be using 1 View 1 ViewModel for every Window. For 2. In CustomerInformationViewModel I can get DialogResult by OnClosing event from ChildWindow, in CustomerEditViewModel can use Guid to tell MainWindow to close the ChildWindow. Here is little question and problems: Is it good idea to use Guid here? Or should I use HashKey from ChildWindow? My MainWindows contains windows reference collections. So whenever window close, it will get notifies to remove from the collection by OnClosing event. But all the Windows itself doesn't know about its associated Guid, so when I remove it, I have to search for every KeyValuePair to compares... I still kind of feel wrong associate ViewModel's Guid for ChildWindow, it would make more sense if ChildWindow has it own ID then ViewModel associate with it... But most important, is there any better approach on this design? How can I improve this better?

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Refactoring and Open / Closed principle

- by Giorgio

I have recently being reading a web site about clean code development (I do not put a link here because it is not in English). One of the principles advertised by this site is the Open Closed Principle: each software component should be open for extension and closed for modification. E.g., when we have implemented and tested a class, we should only modify it to fix bugs or to add new functionality (e.g. new methods that do not influence the existing ones). The existing functionality and implementation should not be changed. I normally apply this principle by defining an interface I and a corresponding implementation class A. When class A has become stable (implemented and tested), I normally do not modify it too much (possibly, not at all), i.e. If new requirements arrive (e.g. performance, or a totally new implementation of the interface) that require big changes to the code, I write a new implementation B, and keep using A as long as B is not mature. When B is mature, all that is needed is to change how I is instantiated. If the new requirements suggest a change to the interface as well, I define a new interface I' and a new implementation A'. So I, A are frozen and remain the implementation for the production system as long as I' and A' are not stable enough to replace them. So, in view of these observation, I was a bit surprised that the web page then suggested the use of complex refactorings, "... because it is not possible to write code directly in its final form." Isn't there a contradiction / conflict between enforcing the Open / Closed Principle and suggesting the use of complex refactorings as a best practice? Or the idea here is that one can use complex refactorings during the development of a class A, but when that class has been tested successfully it should be frozen?

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Searching for a key in a multi dimensional array and adding it to another array [migrated]

- by Moha

Let's say I have two multi dimensional arrays: array1 ( stuff1 = array ( data = 'abc' ) stuff2 = array ( something = '123' data = 'def' ) stuff3 = array ( stuff4 = array ( data = 'ghi' ) ) ) array2 ( stuff1 = array ( ) stuff3 = array ( anything = '456' ) ) What I want is to search the key 'data' in array1 and then insert the key and value to array2 regardless of the depth. So wherever key 'data' exists in array1 it gets added to array2 with the exact depth (and key names) as in array1 AND without modifying any other keys. How can I do this recursively?

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iOS: Versioned static frameworks vs Git Submodules and included code

- by drekka

For the last couple of years I've been building static frameworks of common APIs for my iOS projects. I can build a universal binary containing all the architectures (i386, armv6, armv7) and wrap it up in a .framework directory structure. I then stored this in a directory based on the version of the framework. For example ..../myAPI/v0.1.0/myAPI.framework Once I have this framework I can then easily add it to a project and if I want to advance the version, merely change the framework search paths to the later version. This works, but the approach is very similar to what I would use in the Java world. Recently I've been reading about using Git submodules and static framework sub projects in XCode 4. Im wondering if my currently approach is something that I should consider retiring and what the pros/cons are of the new approach. I'm weary of just including code because I've already had issues in a work project which had (effectively) multiple versions of a third party API. Any opinions?

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What is the benefit of writing to a temp location, And then copying it to the intended destination?

- by Devdatta Tengshe

I am writing an application that works with satellite Images, and my boss asked me to look at some of the commercial application, and see how they behave. I found a strange behavior and then as I was looking, I found it in other standard applications as well. These Programs first write to the temp folder, and then copy it to the intended destination. Example: 7zip first extracts to the temp folder, and then copies the extracted data to the location that you had asked it to extract the data to. I see several problems with this approach: 1.The temp folder might not have enough space, while the intended location might have that much space. 2.If it is a large file, it can take a non-negligible amount of time for the copy operation. I thought about it a lot, but I couldn't see one single positive point to doing this. Am I missing something, or is there a real benefit to doing this?

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What language yields most rapid development of a SOAP client application

- by mathematician1975

I have written a SOAP client application. It started off as Perl but I needed it to have proper multithreaded capabilities, so I rewrote it in C++ which was a horrendous experience and the development time was many many times more than that of the Perl bot. I need to implement a new SOAP client and I was wondering what peoples opinions were about choice of language with regards to fastest development time. C++ is clearly not well suited to web services type programming so there is no way I am going to write in C++ again.

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How do you track third-party software licenses?

- by emddudley

How do you track licenses for third-party libraries that you use in your software? How did you vet the licenses? Sometimes licenses change or libraries switch licenses--how do you stay up to date? At the moment I've got an Excel spreadsheet with worksheets for third-party software, licenses, and the projects we use them on (organized like a relational database). It seems to work OK, but I think it will go out-of-date pretty quickly.

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How does session middleware generally verify browser sessions?

- by BBnyc

I've been using session middleware to build web apps for years: from PHP's built-in session handling layer to node's connect session middleware. However, I've never tried (or needed) to roll my own session handling layer. How would one go about it? What sort of checks are necessary to provide at least some modicum of security against HTTP session highjacking? I figure setting a cookie with a token to keep track of the session, and then perhaps some check to see that the originating IP address of the session doesn't change and that the client browser software remains consistent. Hoping to hear about current best-practices...

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Popular programming books which have been translated into Russian

- by arikfr

I'm looking for recommendations of popular programming books that have been translated into Russian. I'm talking about books like: Test-Driven Development by Example by Kent Beck Code Complete The Pragmatic Programmer And other books like them. Also, recommendations for books in Russian by other authors but about similar topics (TDD, BDD, general programming methodologies) will be appreciated.

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Help me understand a part of Java Language Specification

- by Software Engeneering Learner

I'm reading part 17.2.1 of Java language specification: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se7/html/jls-17.html#jls-17.2.1 I won't copy a text, it's too long, but I would like to know, why for third step of sequence they're saying that If thread t was removed from m's wait set in step 2 due to an interrupt Thread couldn't get to step 2 it wasn't removed from wait set, because it written for the step 1: Thread t does not execute any further instructions until it has been removed from m's wait set Thus thread can't be removed from wait set in step 2 whatever it's due to, because it was already removed. Please help me understand this.

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