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• Getting My Head Around Immutability

  - by Michael Mangold

  I'm new to object-oriented programming, and one concept that has been taking me a while to grasp is immutability. I think the light bulb went off last night but I want to verify: When I come across statements that an immutable object cannot be changed, I'm puzzled because I can, for instance, do the following: NSString *myName = @"Bob"; myName = @"Mike"; There, I just changed myName, of immutable type NSString. My problem is that the word, "object" can refer to the physical object in memory, or the abstraction, "myName." The former definition applies to the concept of immutability. As for the variable, a more clear (to me) definition of immutability is that the value of an immutable object can only be changed by also changing its location in memory, i.e. its reference (also known as its pointer). Is this correct, or am I still lost in the woods?

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• LGPL License in commercial application

  - by Jacob

  I have searched around but I don't seem to be able to get a clear answer on my questions that I understand. I want to use the Xuggler library in my application, which is licensed either GPL or LGPL depending on whether I compile it myself. I don't intend to edit the library If I compile it myself and thus get a LGPL version of the library, can I use it in a commercial application without having to distribute the source code of my application? Furthermore, do I have to give my application the LGPL license as well? What other problems might using this library give me?

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• Rails: Law of Demeter Confusion

  - by user2158382

  I am reading a book called Rails AntiPatterns and they talk about using delegation to to avoid breaking the Law of Demeter. Here is their prime example: They believe that calling something like this in the controller is bad (and I agree) @street = @invoice.customer.address.street Their proposed solution is to do the following: class Customer has_one :address belongs_to :invoice def street address.street end end class Invoice has_one :customer def customer_street customer.street end end @street = @invoice.customer_street They are stating that since you only use one dot, you are not breaking the Law of Demeter here. I think this is incorrect, because you are still going through customer to go through address to get the invoice's street. I primarily got this idea from a blog post I read: http://www.dan-manges.com/blog/37 In the blog post the prime example is class Wallet attr_accessor :cash end class Customer has_one :wallet # attribute delegation def cash @wallet.cash end end class Paperboy def collect_money(customer, due_amount) if customer.cash < due_ammount raise InsufficientFundsError else customer.cash -= due_amount @collected_amount += due_amount end end end The blog post states that although there is only one dot customer.cash instead of customer.wallet.cash, this code still violates the Law of Demeter. Now in the Paperboy collect_money method, we don't have two dots, we just have one in "customer.cash". Has this delegation solved our problem? Not at all. If we look at the behavior, a paperboy is still reaching directly into a customer's wallet to get cash out. EDIT I completely understand and agree that this is still a violation and I need to create a method in Wallet called withdraw that handles the payment for me and that I should call that method inside the Customer class. What I don't get is that according to this process, my first example still violates the Law of Demeter because Invoice is still reaching directly into Customer to get the street. Can somebody help me clear the confusion. I have been searching for the past 2 days trying to let this topic sink in, but it is still confusing.

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• TBXML parsing issue while the value cannot get in UILabel

  - by Dany

  In my app I'm using TBXML parser where I need to get a value from xml file and print it on the label. This is my xml file in server <gold> <price> <title>22 K Gold</title> </price> <price> <title>24 K Gold</title> </price> </gold> any my Viewcontroller.h looks like #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> #import "TBXML.h" @interface ViewController : UIViewController{ IBOutlet UILabel *lab; IBOutlet UILabel *lab1; TBXML *tbxml; } @end and my Viewcontrooler.m looks like - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib. NSData *xmlData = [[NSData alloc]initWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.abcde.com/sample.xml"]]; tbxml = [[TBXML alloc]initWithXMLData:xmlData]; TBXMLElement * root = tbxml.rootXMLElement; if (root) { TBXMLElement * elem_PLANT = [TBXML childElementNamed:@"price" parentElement:root]; while (elem_PLANT !=nil) { TBXMLElement * elem_BOTANICAL = [TBXML childElementNamed:@"title" parentElement:elem_PLANT]; NSString *botanicalName = [TBXML textForElement:elem_BOTANICAL]; lab.text=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"re %@", botanicalName]; elem_PLANT = [TBXML nextSiblingNamed:@"price" searchFromElement:elem_PLANT]; elem_BOTANICAL = [TBXML childElementNamed:@"title" parentElement:elem_PLANT]; botanicalName = [TBXML textForElement:elem_BOTANICAL]; lab1.text=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"re %@", botanicalName]; } } } I'm getting BAD_ACCESS thread. Am I missing anything?

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• How to use correctly the comments in C/++

  - by Lucio

  I'm learning to program in C and in my stage, the best form to use correctly the comments is writing good comments from the beginning. As the comments are not just for that one understands better the code but others too, I want to know the views of all of you to reach a consensus. So what I want is that the most experienced users edit the following code as you please. (If it's unnecessary, delete it; If it's wrong, correct it; If needed, add more) Thus there'll be multiple answers with different syntax and the responses with the most votes will be taken as referring when commenting. The code to copy, paste and edit to your pleasure is: (And I remark again, just import the comments, not the code) /* This programs find 1 number in 1 file. The file is binary type and has integers in series. The number is integer type and it's entered from the keyboard. When finished the program, a poster will show the results: Saying if the number is in the file or not. */ #include <stdio.h> //FUNCTION 1 //Open file 'path' and closes it. void openf(char path[]) { int num; //Read from Keyboard a Number and it save it into 'num' var printf("Ready for read number.\n\nNumber --> "); fflush(stdin); scanf("%d",&num); //Open file 'path' in READ mode FILE *fvar; fvar=fopen(path,"rb"); //IF error happens when open file, exit of function if (fvar==NULL) { printf("ERROR while open file %s in read mode.",path); exit(1); } /*Verify the result of 'funct' function IF TRUE, 'num' it's in the file*/ if (funct(path,fvar,num)) printf("The number %d it is in the file %s.",num,path); else printf("The number %d it is not in the file %s.",num,path); fclose(fvar); } /*FUNCTION 2 It is a recursive function. Reads number by number until the file is empty or the number is found. Parameters received: 'path' -> Directory file 'fvar' -> Pointer file 'num' -> Number to compare */ int funct(char path[],FILE *fvar,int num) { int compare; //FALSE condition when the pointer reaches the end if (fread(&compare,sizeof(int),1,fvar)>0) /*TRUE condition when the number readed is iqual that 'num' ELSE will go to the function itself*/ if (compare!=num) funct(path,fvar,num); else return 1; else return 0; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { char path[30]="file.bin"; //Direction of the file to process openf(path); //Function with algorithm return 0; }

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• Why after each restart, my local .NET sites take time to load for the first time?

  - by Saeed Neamati

  I'm developing sites based on .NET platform. I usually deploy these sites on my local IIS, so that I can test them and see their functionality before going live. However, each time I restart windows, it seems that sites take a long time to run for the first time. I know about JIT and I'm also aware of this question, but it doesn't answer my question. Does JIT happens every time you restart windows? Is it related to creation of w3wp.exe process? Why sites are so slow for the first request after each restart?

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• What is a user-friendly solution to editing email templates with replacement variables?

  - by Daniel Magliola

  I'm working on a system where we rely a lot of "admins / managers" emailing users from the database. One of the key features is being able to email several people at the same time, with specific information relevant to each of them. Another key feature is to be able to hand-craft emails, because it tends to be be necessary to slightly modify them each time, but having a basic template saves a lot of time. For this, we have the typical "templates" solution, where we have a template that looks kind of like this: Hello {{recipient.full_name}}, Your application to {{activity.title}} has been accepted. You have requested to participate on dates {{application.dates}}, in role {{application.role}} Blah blah blah The problem we are having is obviously that (as we expected), managers don't get the whole "variables" idea, and they do things like overwriting them, which doesn't let them email more than one person at a time, assuming those are not going to get replaced and that the system is broken, or even inexplicable things like "Hello {{John}}". The big problem is that this isn't relegated, as usual, to an "admin" section where only a few power users have access to editing the templates that are automatically send out, and they're expected to know what they are doing. Every user of the system gets exposed to this problem. The obvious solution would be to replace the variables before showing this template for the user to edit, but that doesn't work when emailing several people. This seems like a reasonably common problem, and we are kind of hoping that someone has already solved it. Have you seen anywhere/created/can think of good solutions to this problem?

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• How agile methodologies can be applied in a typical " services " company?

  - by AlfaTeK

  My company is a custom software services company for external clientes, which means our typical project is one in which the contract already states the full budget of the project. Our typical project starts by defining requirements (improving the proposal high-level requirements), then we code the project, test it and ship it. We have an acceptance phase were the client tests the software and in that phase we can usually implement small changes asked by the client, or we charge extra for change requests. In some projects we have intermediate releases so the clients can check the progress of the project and give feedback on it. In summary: something like waterfall... I've followed the "agile" movement for a bit now and I always see it being a good match for a "product" company, or a company building software for an internal client. But are there good stories / advantages on using agile methods in my kind of company/projects? What are your experiences, what do you think about this?

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• Should data structures be integrated into the language (as in Python) or be provided in the standard library (as in Java)?

  - by Anto

  In Python, and most likely many other programming languages, common data structures can be found as an integrated part of the core language with their own dedicated syntax. If we put LISP's integrated list syntax aside, I can't think of any other languages that I know which provides some kind of data structure above the array as an integrated part of their syntax, though all of them (but C, I guess) seem to provide them in the standard library. From a language design perspective, what are your opinions on having a specific syntax for data structures in the core language? Is it a good idea, and does the purpose of the language (etc.) change how good this could be of a choice? Edit: I'm sorry for (apparently) causing some confusion about which data structures I mean. I talk about the basic and commonly used ones, but still not the most basic ones. This excludes trees (too complex, uncommon), stacks (too seldom used), arrays (too simple) but includes e.g. sets, lists and hashmaps.

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• PHP - "tabulate" array - make levels from elements

  - by Moha

  If I have an array like this: Array ( [0] => field_schools [1] => und [2] => 0 [3] => field_school [4] => und [5] => 0 [6] => value ) How can I make an array like this from it? array ( [field_schools] => array ( [und] => array ( [0] => array ( [field_school] => array ( [und] => array ( [0] => array ( [value] => something ) ) ) ) ) ) ) I want to specify the 'value' myself.

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• Given a project and working with 1 other person - never worked with someone before

  - by Celeritas

  I'm taking a class where I work with a partner to implement the link layer of the OSI model. I've worked programmed with a partner once before and it went bad. Is the goal to divide the work up and decides who does what or should one person code and the other person reviews and switch roles after a while? Any tips are much appreciated. Literally I know nothing about working with a partner to program so even if it's basic please tell me.

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• SAP vs Other Technologies

  - by Bunny Rabbit

  I am a fresher just out of collge .Till now i have worked on java,Python,javascript,groovy,django,JS, JQuery and web application develop has been my only intrest. I have been working for an IT company for past three months and it involves working with an erp package SAP and i am working on ABAP. Coming from a world of ORM and languages like python ,SAP and database tables doen't excite me much. With all the development being happening around HTML 5 and android etc i feel quite left out and bored in SAP . can you guys suggest me a proper way forward ?

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• What are QUICK interview questions for the Microsoft stack development jobs?

  - by Dubmun

  I'm looking for your best "quick answer" technical interview questions. We are a 100% Microsoft shop and do the majority of our development on the ASP.NET web stack in C# and have a custom SOA framework also written in C#. We use a combination of Web Forms, MVC, Web Services, WCF, Entity Framework, SQL Server, TSQL, jQuery, LINQ, and TFS in a SCRUM environment. We are currently on .NET 3.5 with a very near transition to .NET 4.0. Our interviewing process includes a 55 minute interview with two technical people (usually an architect and a senior developer). The two interviewers have to share the time for questions. That isn't enough time for very many true programming problems so I'm looking for more good questions that have quick, yet meaningful, answers. We are mainly interviewing for Senior Dev positions right now but may interview for some Juniors in the future. Please help?

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• How do you name your projects?

  - by Corey

  Naming is hard. Really, really hard. Even StackExchange is a prime example of this -- remember the huge domain name controversy that occurred when SE sites first started graduating? Anyway, I've got a project I'm working on but I have no idea what to name it! This simple fact has caused production to cease, because I'm at the point where I want to create repositories and database tables, and I don't want to name everything "Untitled project" and have to change potentially hundreds of lines of code in the future. Also, I would like to collaborate with others but it's difficult to be taken seriously if I refer to this as "some project I'm working on." It makes it seem like a new project in its infancy and doesn't garner a lot of interest. Just the simple fact act of having a name will make a huge impact in how it registers in others' minds. How do you guys name your projects? This particular one is a website, so not only do I need to find a good name, I need to find one with an available domain, which is next to impossible these days. How do you brainstorm? Who do you talk to (or not talk to)? Is there an "eureka!" moment when you stumble across something that works?

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• Best solution for getting referral information in PHP

  - by absentx

  I am currently redoing some link structuring on a website. In the past we have used specific php files on the last step to direct the user to the proper place. Example: www.mysite.com/action/go-to-blue.php or www.mysite.com/action/short/go-to-red.php www.mysite.com/action/tall/go-to-red.php We are now restructuring to eliminate the /short/ or /tall/ directory. What this means is now "go-to-blue.php" will be doing some extra processing to make sure it sends the visitor to the proper place. The static method of the past was quite effective, because, well, if they left from that page we knew we had it right. Now since we are 301 redirecting action/short/go-to-red.php to just action/go-to-red.php it is quite important on "go-to-red.php" that we realize a user may have been redirected from /short/ or /tall/. So right now I am using HTTP_REFERRER and of course in my testing that works fine, but after a lot of reading it is clear that this is not a solid solution, so I was starting to brainstorm on other ways to check and make sure we get the proper referral information. If we could check HTTP_REFERRER plus some other test, I would feel confident we have a pretty good system in place to send the visitor to the right place. Some questions/comments: Could I use a session variable or a cookie to accomplish this goal? If so, would that be maintained through the 301 redirect? I don't see why it wouldn't be.. Passing the url in the url is not an option in this case.

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• Why aren't there automated translators from one programming language to another?

  - by serg

  Most programming languages are Turing complete, which means that any task that can be solved in one language can be solved in another one, or even on Turing machine. Then why aren't there automatic translators that can convert programs from any given language to any other language? I've seen couple attempts for two languages, but they always work only on a limited subset of a language and can hardly be used for converting real projects. Is it possible, at least in theory, to write 100% correct translator between all languages? What are the challenges in practice? Are there any existing translators that work?

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• What is the precise definition of programming paradigm?

  - by Kazark

  Wikipedia defines programming paradigm thus: a fundamental style of computer programming which is echoed in the descriptive text of the paradigms tag on this site. I find this a disappointing definition. Anyone who knows the words programming and paradigm could do about that well without knowing anything else about it. There are many styles of computer programming at many level of abstraction; within any given programming paradigm, multiple styles are possible. For example, Bob Martin says in Clean Code (13), Consider this book a description of the Object Mentor School of Clean Code. The techniques and teachings within are the way that we practice our art. We are willing to claim that if you follow these teachings, you will enjoy the benefits that we have enjoyed, and you will learn to write code that is clean and professional. But don't make the mistake of thinking that we are somehow "right" in any absolute sense. Thus Bob Martin is not claiming to have the correct style of Object-Oriented programming, even though he, if anyone, might have some claim to doing so. But even within his school of programming, we might have different styles of formatting the code (K&R, etc). There are many styles of programming at many levels. So how can we define programming paradigm rigorously, to distinguish it from other categories of programming styles? Fundamental is somewhat helpful, but not specific. How can we define the phrase in a way that will communicate more than the separate meanings of each of the two words—in other words, how can we define it in a way that will provide additional meaning for someone who speaks English but isn't familiar with a variety of paradigms?

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• Why is Internet Explorer the only browser to be referred to by version when talking about compatibility?

  - by Rue Leonheart

  Whenever I read something or hear someone talking about HTML5, CSS and JavaScript support, they always refer to Internet Explorer with the version number such as Internet Explorer 6, and Internet Explorer 9. But they only refer to Google Chrome, Firefox, Safari and others without version numbers. Shouldn't they also specify the version number in which certain web technologies are incompatible for other browsers instead of just Internet Explorer?

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• MIT and copyright

  - by Petah

  I am contributing to a library that is licensed under the MIT license. In the license and in each class file it has a comment at the top saying: Copyright (c) 2011 Joe Bloggs <[email protected]> I assume that he owns the copyright to the file, and can change the license of that file as he sees fit. If I contribute to the library with a new class entirely write by me, can I claim copyright of that file. And put: Copyright (c) 2011 Petah Piper <[email protected]> at the top?

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• Should extension scripts be run in a sandbox?

  - by Cubic

  In particular, this is about game extensions written in lua (luajit-2.0). I was contemplating whether I should restrict what these scripts can do, and arrived at the conclusion that I probably shouldn't: It's hard to get right. Sounds silly, but chances are my sandbox is gonna end up leaky anyways. The only benefit I could think of would be giving users some sense of security when running third party scripts. The disadvantages would be that it's just incredibly annoying for extension writers. That is, for now, myself (game content will be mostly scripted). The reason I'm asking this now before I actually have anything presentable is that adding a sandbox early on is easy, but would impose said annoying restrictions on myself too. However if I first go on with it and then later decide I do need a sandbox after all, I'm gonna run into problems (I'd either have to rewrite the scripts that are already there, or introduce some form of trust management system which seems to be more trouble than it's worth).

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• Should I incorporate exit cost into choosing a solution

  - by Mr Happy

  I'm currently choosing between two viable software designs/solutions. Solution 1 is easy to implement, but will lock some data in a propriaty format, and will be hard to change later. Solution 2 is hard to implement, but will be a lot easier to change later on. Should I go YAGNI on this or should I incorporate the exit cost in the decision making? Or asked differently, is the exit cost part of the TCO? I'm thinking of going back to the customer with this to ask wether or not he thinks the exit costs are relevant, but I'd like to know what the community thinks first. P.S. Is exit cost the correct term?

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• looking for a short explanation of fuzzy logic

  - by user613326

  Well i got the idea that basics of fuzzy logic are not that hard to grasp. And i got the feeling that someone might explain it to me in like 30 minutes. Just like i understand neural networks and am able to re-create the famous Xor problem. And go just beyond it and create 3 layer networks of x nodes. I'd like to understand fuzzy till a similar usefully level, in c# language. However the problem is face, I'd like to get concept right however i see many websites who include lots of errors in their basic explaining. Like for example showing pictures and use different numbers as shown in pictures to calculate, as if lots of people just copied stuff without noticing what they write down. While others for me go to deep in their math notation) To me that's very annoying to learn from. For me there is no need to re-invent wheel; Aforge already got a fuzzy logic framework. So what i am looking for are some good examples, good examples like how the neural XOR problem is solved. Is there anyone such a instructional resource out there; do you know a web page, or YouTube where it is shortly explained, what would you recommend me ? Note this article comes close; but it just doesnt nail it for me. After that i downloaded a bunch of free PDF's but most are academic and hard to read for me (i'm not English and dont have a special math degree). (i've been looking around a lot for this, good starter material about it is hard to find).

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• Will dolphins die if I use REST "as CRUD"?

  - by l0l0l0l0l

  Recently I moved to Laravel and I was surprised on how good setting the controllers as RESTful is, it made routes and my code cleaner. I'm kinda new on web development and never used REST before since all my clients' projects are basically CRUD operations. There's any cool buzzword to this "approach" or I'm just stupid for doing it? I don't plan to follow any REST patterns, just to make my life easier and code cleaner. Basicallly just GET/POST, the other ones are not native anyway so (emulated on hidden form value).

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• Trying not to get ahead of myself but it is hard!

  - by Andrew

  Well I made a 5 year plan for myself (11years-16years) I am pretty good at Java, HTML, and PHP. I have already done some end projects: Small Java Platform Game A Small Polynomial Solver A Small Image Sharing Site A Chess Website: chesslounge.net I am currently doing some Android Development and so far I have made a program that Vibrates, Blinks the Light, or Creates a custom status message based on the user input. And a program that rotates a pyramid with a texture. My question is: Should I stick to what I am doing or Learn something a little new? I am itching to do C++, but what is your advice?

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• Code structure for multiple applications with a common core

  - by Azrael Seraphin

  I want to create two applications that will have a lot of common functionality. Basically, one system is a more advanced version of the other system. Let's call them Simple and Advanced. The Advanced system will add to, extend, alter and sometimes replace the functionality of the Simple system. For instance, the Advanced system will add new classes, add properties and methods to existing Simple classes, change the behavior of classes, etc. Initially I was thinking that the Advanced classes simply inherited from the Simple classes but I can see the functionality diverging quite significantly as development progresses, even while maintaining a core base functionality. For instance, the Simple system might have a Project class with a Sponsor property whereas the Advanced system has a list of Project.Sponsors. It seems poor practice to inherit from a class and then hide, alter or throw away significant parts of its features. An alternative is just to run two separate code bases and copy the common code between them but that seems inefficient, archaic and fraught with peril. Surely we have moved beyond the days of "copy-and-paste inheritance". Another way to structure it would be to use partial classes and have three projects: Core which has the common functionality, Simple which extends the Core partial classes for the simple system, and Advanced which also extends the Core partial classes for the advanced system. Plus having three test projects as well for each system. This seems like a cleaner approach. What would be the best way to structure the solution/projects/code to create two versions of a similar system? Let's say I later want to create a third system called Extreme, largely based on the Advanced system. Do I then create an AdvancedCore project which both Advanced and Extreme extend using partial classes? Is there a better way to do this? If it matters, this is likely to be a C#/MVC system but I'd be happy to do this in any language/framework that is suitable.

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