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• First frame has a much longer delta time than other frames

  - by Kipras

  I had a problem where my AI moved extreme at the first frame and then normal after that. I then figured out it was my delta. It's about 0.016 seconds (60 fps), but the first frame was about 19000 seconds, which is obviously impossible. Does anybody know what might be happening? Also the delta later on likes to oscillate from 0.01 to 0.03, which is, again, crazy. long time = Sys.getTime() * 1000 / Sys.getTimerResolution(); float delta = (time - lastFrame) / 1000f; lastFrame = time; return delta; That's the delta code.

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• Converting a WIndows Store App to Android

  - by pm_2

  I cross posted this from SO I'm very new to Xamarin. I have a few published Windows Store apps and want to convert them to Android. I'm attempting to use Xamarin for this. I'm just using the free version of Xamarin. Here's where I am so far: I am trying two apps - one was build with Monogame and one is just build on the WinRT framework. I have managed to get them both into Xamarin studio, basically by hacking the csproj files. I'm getting build errors because it's missing references. There does appear to be some equivalent Mono / .Net4 libraries, but things like Microsoft.Xna.Framework seem to be missing. So, my question is: am I going about this the right way and, if so, am I missing a step ("convert dependencies" or something)? If I'm not going about this the right way then how should I be doing this (I found very few online resources on this subject)?

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• Blending effect on textures

  - by joecks

  Hi i am trying to build screen animation like flickering, interlace, color separation similar to old style malfunctioning Amiga screens. The intended effects are shown in this video. I am using libgdx and I already discovered the universal tween engine, which helps a lot to build transitional animations, but how should I approach those blending effects, any suggestions? I will specify my question once I learned more about libgdx, but maybe you could give me some hints already. Thanks!

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• How to synchronise the acceleration, velocity and position of the monsters on the server with the players?

  - by Nick

  I'm building an MMO using Node.js, and there are monsters roaming around. I can make them move around on the server using vector variables acceleration, velocity and position. acceleration = steeringForce / mass; velocity += acceleration * dTime; position += velocity * dTime; Right now I just send the positions over, and tell the players these are the "target positions" of the monsters, and let the monsters move towards the target positions on the client with a speed dependant on the distance of the target position. It works but looks rather strange. How do I synchronise these properly with the players without looking funny to them, taking into account the server lag? The problem is that I don't know how to make use of the correct acceleration/velocity values here; right now they just move directly in a straight line to the target position instead of accelerating/braking there properly. How can I implement such behaviour?

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• How can I load .obj files in the Soya3D engine?

  - by John Riselvato

  I recently just found soya3d. I want to import .obj files, but it seems to only accept .data files. How can I import .obj files? Importing a .obj file named "house" produces this error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "introduction.py", line 7, in <module> model = soya.Model.get("house") File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/soya/__init__.py", line 259, in get return klass._alls.get(filename) or klass._alls.setdefault(filename, klass.load(filename)) File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/soya/__init__.py", line 268, in load dirname = klass._get_directory_for_loading_and_check_export(filename) File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/soya/__init__.py", line 194, in _get_directory_for_loading_and_check_export dirname = klass._get_directory_for_loading(filename, ext) File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/soya/__init__.py", line 171, in _get_directory_for_loading raise ValueError("Cannot find a %s named %s!" % (klass, filename)) ValueError: Cannot find a <class 'soya.Model'> named house! * Soya3D * Quit...

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• How do I optimize searching for the nearest point?

  - by Rootosaurus

  For a little project of mine I'm trying to implement a space colonization algorithm in order to grow trees. The current implementation of this algorithm works fine. But I have to optimize the whole thing in order to make it generate faster. I work with 1 to 300K of random attraction points to generate one tree, and it takes a lot of time to compute and compare distances between attraction points and tree node in order to keep only the closest treenode for an attraction point. So I was wondering if some solutions exist (I know they must exist) in order to avoid the time loss looping on each tree node for each attraction point to find the closest... and so on until the tree is finished.

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• I get GL_INVALID_VALUE after calling glTexSubImage2D

  - by user892644

  I am trying to figure out why my texture allocation does not work. Here is the code: glTexStorage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 2, GL_RGBA8, 2048, 2048); glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, 2048, 2048, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5_REV, &BitMap[0]); glTexSubImage2D returns GL_INVALID_VALUE but the maximum texture allowed is 16384x16384 on my card. The source of the image is 16bit (Red 5, Green 6, Blue 5).

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• Best approach to get clicked objects from a display list (2D)

  - by Ixx

  I'm implementing a display list to manage my visuals on screen. I want to know which object is clicked. My objects already have z-order variable. With my current knowledge (almost nothing) the only thing which comes to my mind is make a linear search and get all the objects which contains the clicked point. And then select the object with the highest z-order. But I know there are far better approaches. I think it's something with trees (binary search?). - container display objects and search recursively? just don't know where to start looking, for this concrete case. Any hint link or concrete solution is welcome.

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• How to ignore collision between two objects

  - by eren_trigger

  I have a player that shoots in the direction that it is facing. However, the shot that is created when I click, also destroys the player. How would I make the shot ignore collision with the player? Or better yet, how to make a shot destroy anything it touches and destroy itself without affecting the player? This is the code that controls collisions: function OnTriggerEnter (col : Collider) { Destroy(col.gameObject); } The shot is a trigger, but the player isn't. Not sure if this changes anything in this case. Thanks in advance. EDIT: http://gfycat.com/TediousAridFeline

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• Glm Vector Transformations [duplicate]

  - by Reanimation

  This question already has an answer here: Car-like Physics - Basic Maths to Simulate Steering 2 answers I have a cube rendered on the screen which represents a car (or similar). Using Projection/Model matrices and Glm I am able to move it back and fourth along the axes and rotate it left or right. I'm having trouble with the vector mathematics to make the cube move forwards no matter which direction it's current orientation is. (ie. if I would like, if it's rotated right 30degrees, when it's move forwards, it travels along the 30degree angle on a new axes). I hope I've explained that correctly. This is what I've managed to do so far in terms of using glm to move the cube: glm::vec3 vel; //velocity vector void renderMovingCube(){ glUseProgram(movingCubeShader.handle()); GLuint matrixLoc4MovingCube = glGetUniformLocation(movingCubeShader.handle(), "ProjectionMatrix"); glUniformMatrix4fv(matrixLoc4MovingCube, 1, GL_FALSE, &ProjectionMatrix[0][0]); glm::mat4 viewMatrixMovingCube; viewMatrixMovingCube = glm::lookAt(camOrigin, camLookingAt, camNormalXYZ); vel.x = cos(rotX); vel.y=sin(rotX); vel*=moveCube; //move cube ModelViewMatrix = glm::translate(viewMatrixMovingCube,globalPos*vel); //bring ground and cube to bottom of screen ModelViewMatrix = glm::translate(ModelViewMatrix, glm::vec3(0,-48,0)); ModelViewMatrix = glm::rotate(ModelViewMatrix, rotX, glm::vec3(0,1,0)); //manually turn glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(movingCubeShader.handle(), "ModelViewMatrix"), 1, GL_FALSE, &ModelViewMatrix[0][0]); //pass matrix to shader movingCube.render(); //draw glUseProgram(0); } keyboard input: void keyboard() { char BACKWARD = keys['S']; char FORWARD = keys['W']; char ROT_LEFT = keys['A']; char ROT_RIGHT = keys['D']; if (FORWARD) //W - move forwards { globalPos += vel; //globalPos.z -= moveCube; BACKWARD = false; } if (BACKWARD)//S - move backwards { globalPos.z += moveCube; FORWARD = false; } if (ROT_LEFT)//A - turn left { rotX +=0.01f; ROT_LEFT = false; } if (ROT_RIGHT)//D - turn right { rotX -=0.01f; ROT_RIGHT = false; } Where am I going wrong with my vectors? I would like change the direction of the cube (which it does) but then move forwards in that direction.

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• Unity mouse input not working in webplayer build

  - by Califer

  I have a button script with the following code void OnMouseDown() { animation.Play("button-squish"); enlarged = true; audio.PlayOneShot(buttonSound); } void OnMouseUpAsButton() { if (enlarged) { SelectThisButton(); enlarged = false; animation.Play("button-return"); } } void OnMouseExit() { if (enlarged) { enlarged = false; animation.Play("button-return"); } } It works great in the editor, but when I made a build and tested it in Chrome none of the buttons had any response. Further testing revealed that it did work in Firefox. Rather than telling people to change their browser if they want to play, I want to make the button code work. How else can I get the buttons to know when they're being pressed if the built-in stuff isn't working?

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• why specular light is not running?

  - by nkint

  hi, i'm on JOGL this is my method for lighting: private void lights(GL gl) { float[] LightPos = {0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f}; float[] LightAmb = {0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f}; float[] LightDif = {0.6f, 0.6f, 0.6f, 1.0f}; float[] LightSpc = {0.9f, 0.9f, 0.9f, 1.0f}; gl.glLightfv(GL.GL_LIGHT1, GL.GL_POSITION, LightPos, 0); gl.glLightfv(GL.GL_LIGHT1, GL.GL_AMBIENT, LightAmb, 0); gl.glLightfv(GL.GL_LIGHT1, GL.GL_DIFFUSE, LightDif, 0); gl.glLightfv(GL.GL_LIGHT1, GL.GL_SPECULAR, LightSpc, 0); gl.glLightfv(GL.GL_LIGHT0, GL.GL_SPECULAR, LightSpc, 0); gl.glEnable(GL.GL_LIGHT0); gl.glEnable(GL.GL_LIGHT1); gl.glShadeModel(GL.GL_SMOOTH); gl.glEnable(GL.GL_LIGHTING); } and i see my objects flat, no specular light.. any ideas? ps. to render my objects: gl.glColor3f(1f,0f,0f); gl.glBegin(GL.GL_TRIANGLES); for(Triangle t : tubeModel.getTriangles()) { gl.glVertex3f(t.v1.x, t.v1.y, t.v1.z); gl.glVertex3f(t.v2.x, t.v2.y, t.v2.z); gl.glVertex3f(t.v3.x, t.v3.y, t.v3.z); } gl.glEnd();

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• Calculating distance from viewer to object in a shader

  - by Jay

  Good morning, I'm working through creating the spherical billboards technique outlined in this paper. I'm trying to create a shader that calculates the distance from the camera to all objects in the scene and stores the results in a texture. I keep getting either a completely black or white texture. Here are my questions: I assume the position that's automatically sent to the vertex shader from ogre is in object space? The gpu interpolates the output position from the vertex shader when it sends it to the fragment shader. Does it do the same for my depth calculation or do I need to move that calculation to the fragment shader? Is there a way to debug shaders? I have no errors but I'm not sure I'm getting my parameters passed into the shaders correctly. Here's my shader code: void DepthVertexShader( float4 position : POSITION, uniform float4x4 worldViewProjMatrix, uniform float3 eyePosition, out float4 outPosition : POSITION, out float Depth ) { // position is in object space // outPosition is in camera space outPosition = mul( worldViewProjMatrix, position ); // calculate distance from camera to vertex Depth = length( eyePosition - position ); } void DepthFragmentShader( float Depth : TEXCOORD0, uniform float fNear, uniform float fFar, out float4 outColor : COLOR ) { // clamp output using clip planes float fColor = 1.0 - smoothstep( fNear, fFar, Depth ); outColor = float4( fColor, fColor, fColor, 1.0 ); } fNear is the near clip plane for the scene fFar is the far clip plane for the scene

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• applyAngularVelocity causes error when called right after object instantiation

  - by Appeltaart

  I'm trying to make a physicsBody rotate as soon as it is instantiated. CCNode* ball = [CCBReader load:@"Ball"]; [ball.physicsBody applyForce:force]; [ball.physicsBody applyAngularImpulse:arc4random_uniform(360) - 180]; Applying force works fine, the last line however throws an error in cpBody.c line 123: cpAssertHard(body->w == body->w && cpfabs(body->w) != INFINITY, "Body's angular velocity is invalid."); When I don't apply force and merely rotate the problem persists. If I send applyAngularImpulse at some later point (in this case on a touch) it does work. Is this function not supposed to be called right after instantiation, or is this a bug?

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• Nice function for "rolling score up"?

  - by bobobobo

  I'm adding to the player's score, and I'm using a per-frame formula like: int score, displayedScore ;// score is ACTUAL score player has, // displayedScore is what is shown this frame to the player // (the creeping/"rolling" number) float disparity = score - displayedScore ; int d = disparity * .1f ; // add 1/10 of the difference, if( !d ) d = signum( disparity ) ; // last 10 go by 1's score += d ; Where inline int signum( float val ){ if( val > 0 ) return 1 ; else if( val < 0 ) return -1 ; else return 0 ; } So, it kind of works where it makes big changes rapidly, then it creeps in the last few one at a time. But I'm looking for better (or possibly well known?) score-creeping functions. Any one?

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• How does a collison engine work?

  - by JXPheonix

  Original question: Click me How exactly does a collision engine work? This is an extremely broad question. What code keeps things bouncing against each other, what code makes the player walk into a wall instead of walk through the wall? How does the code constantly refresh the players position and objects position to keep gravity and collision working as it should? If you don't know what a collision engine is, basically it's generally used in platformer games to make the player acutally hit walls and the like. There's the 2d type and the 3d type, but they all accomplish the same thing: collision. So, what keeps a collision engine ticking?

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• OpenGL ES multiple objects not being rendered

  - by ladiesMan217

  I am doing the following to render multiple balls move around the screen but only 1 ball is seen to appear and function. I don't know why the rest (count-1) balls are not being drawn public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub gl.glDisable(GL10.GL_DITHER); gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW); gl.glClientActiveTexture(DRAWING_CACHE_QUALITY_HIGH); gl.glLoadIdentity(); for(int i=0;i<mParticleSystem.getParticleCount();i++){ gl.glPushMatrix(); gl.glTranslatef(mParticleSystem.getPosX(i), mParticleSystem.getPosY(i), -3.0f); gl.glScalef(0.3f, 0.3f, 0.3f); gl.glColor4f(r.nextFloat(), r.nextFloat(), r.nextFloat(), 1); gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D); mParticleSystem.getBall(i).draw(gl); gl.glPopMatrix(); } } Here is my void draw(GL10 gl) method public void draw(GL10 gl){ gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_CULL_FACE); gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_SMOOTH); gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST); // gl.glTranslatef(0.2f, 0.2f, -3.0f); // gl.glScalef(size, size, 1.0f); gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, vertBuff); gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 0, points/2); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); }

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• Spherical to Cartesian Coordinates

  - by user1258455

  Well I'm reading the Frank's Luna DirectX10 book and, while I'm trying to understand the first demo, I found something that's not very clear at least for me. In the updateScene method, when I press A, S, W or D, the angles mTheta and mPhi change, but after that, there are three lines of code that I don't understand exactly what they do: // Convert Spherical to Cartesian coordinates: mPhi measured from +y // and mTheta measured counterclockwise from -z. float x = 5.0f*sinf(mPhi)*sinf(mTheta); float z = -5.0f*sinf(mPhi)*cosf(mTheta); float y = 5.0f*cosf(mPhi); I mean, this explains that they do, it says that it converts the spherical coordinates to cartesian coordinates, but, mathematically, why? why the x value is calculated by the product of the sins of both angles? And the z by the product of the sine and cosine? and why the y just uses the cosine? After that, those values (x, y and z) are used to build the view matrix. The book doesn't explain (mathematically) why those values are calculated like that (and I didn't find anything to help me to understand it at the first Part of the book: "Mathematical prerequisites"), so it would be good if someone could explain me what exactly happen in those code lines or just give me a link that helps me to understand the math part. Thanks in advance!

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• Cheap ways to do scaling ops in shader?

  - by Nick Wiggill

  I've got an extensive world terrain that uses vec3 for the vertex position attribute. That's good, because the terrain has endless gradations due to the use of floating point. But I'm thinking about how to reduce the amount of data uploaded to the GPU. For my terrain, which uses discrete / grid-based vertex positions in x and z, it's pretty clear that I can replace my vec3s (floats, really) with shorts, halving the per-vertex position attribute cost from 12 bytes each to 6 bytes. Considering I've got little enough other vertex data, and an enormous amount of terrain data to push into the world, it's a major gain. Currently in my code, one unit in GLSL shaders is equal to 1m in the world. I like that scale. If I move over to using shorts, though, I won't be able to use the same scale, as I would then have a very blocky world where every step in height is an entire metre. So I see these potential solutions to scale the positional data correctly once it arrives at the vertex shader stage: Use 10:1 scaling, i.e. 1 short unit = 1 decimetre in CPU-side code. Do a division by 10 in the vertex shader to scale incoming decimetre values back to metres. Arbirary (non-PoT) divisions tend to be slow, however. Use (some-power-of-two):1 scaling (eg. 8:1), which enables the use of a bitshift (eg. val >> 3) to do the division... not sure how performant this is in shaders, though. Not as intuitive to read values, but possibly quite a bit faster than div by a non-PoT value. Use a texture as lookup table. I've heard that this is really fast. Or whatever solutions others can offer to achieve the same results -- minimal vertex data with sensible scaling.

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• Cocos2d Box2d contact listener call different method in collided object

  - by roma86

  I have the building object, wen it hit with other, i want to call some method inside it. Building.mm -(void)printTest { NSLog(@"printTest method work correctly"); } in my ContactListener i trying to call it so: ContactListener.mm #import "ContactListener.h" #import "Building.h" void ContactListener::BeginContact(b2Contact* contact) { b2Body* bodyA = contact->GetFixtureA()->GetBody(); b2Body* bodyB = contact->GetFixtureB()->GetBody(); Building *buildA = (Building *)bodyA->GetUserData(); Building *buildB = (Building *)bodyB->GetUserData(); if (buildB.tag == 1) { NSLog(@"tag == 1"); } if (buildA.tag == 2) { NSLog(@"tag == 2"); [buildA printTest]; } } NSLog(@"tag == 2"); work correctly, but [buildA printTest]; get error Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentException', reason: '-[CCSprite printTest]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x18595f0' Obviously I'm referring to the wrong object. How i can get different method and property in contacted objects from contactlistener class? Thanks.

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• How can I create a flexible system for tiling a 2D RPG map?

  - by CptSupermrkt

  Using libgdx here. I've just finished learning some of the basics of creating a 2D environment and using an OrthographicCamera to view it. The tutorials I went through, however, hardcoded their tiled map in, and none made mention of how to do it any other way. By tiled map, I mean like Final Fantasy 1, where the world map is a grid of squares, each with a different texture. So for example, I've got a 6 tile x 6 tile map, using the following code: Array<Tile> tiles = new Array<Tile>(); tiles.add(new Tile(new Vector2(0,5), TileType.FOREST)); tiles.add(new Tile(new Vector2(1,5), TileType.FOREST)); tiles.add(new Tile(new Vector2(2,5), TileType.FOREST)); tiles.add(new Tile(new Vector2(3,5), TileType.GRASS)); tiles.add(new Tile(new Vector2(4,5), TileType.STONE)); tiles.add(new Tile(new Vector2(5,5), TileType.STONE)); //... x5 more times. Given the random nature of the environment, for loops don't really help as I have to start and finish a loop before I was able to do enough to make it worth setting up the loop. I can see how a loop might be helpful for like tiling an ocean or something, but not in the above case. The above code DOES get me my final desired output, however, if I were to decide I wanted to move a piece or swap two pieces out, oh boy, what a nightmare, even with just a 6x6 test piece, much less a 1000x1000 world map. There must be a better way of doing this. Someone on some post somewhere (can't find it now, of course) said to check out MapEditor. Looks legit. The question is, if that is the answer, how can I make something in MapEditor and have the output map plug in to a variable in my code? I need the tiles as objects in my code, because for example, I determine whether or not a tile is can be passed through or collided with based on my TileTyle enum variable. Are there alternative/language "native" (i.e. not using an outside tool) methods to doing this?

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• Why are only some of my objects being rendered?

  - by BleedObsidian

  Every time I create a new asteroid the previous one is no longer rendered? I did some debugging and printed out the size of Array-List 'Small' and when a new asteroid is created it doesn't go down, so the thread is still there it's just not being rendered, Why? StatePlay: package me.bleedobsidian.astroidjump; import org.newdawn.slick.GameContainer; import org.newdawn.slick.Graphics; import org.newdawn.slick.SlickException; import org.newdawn.slick.state.BasicGameState; import org.newdawn.slick.state.StateBasedGame; public class StatePlay extends BasicGameState { int stateID = 10; Player player; Asteroids asteroids; StatePlay(int stateID) { this.stateID = stateID; } @Override public int getID() { return stateID; } @Override public void init(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame sbg) throws SlickException { ResManager.loadImages(); player = new Player(); asteroids = new Asteroids(); } @Override public void render(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame sbg, Graphics g) throws SlickException { g.setAntiAlias(true); player.render(g); asteroids.render(g); g.drawString("Asteroids: " + Asteroids.small.size(), 10, 25); } @Override public void update(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame sbg, int delta) throws SlickException { player.update(gc, delta); asteroids.update(delta); } } Asteroids: package me.bleedobsidian.astroidjump; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Timer; import org.newdawn.slick.Graphics; import org.newdawn.slick.Image; import org.newdawn.slick.SpriteSheet; public class Asteroids { public static ArrayList<Asteroid_Small> small = new ArrayList<Asteroid_Small>(); static SpriteSheet small_sprites = new SpriteSheet(ResManager.asteroids_small_ss, 32, 32); static Image small_1 = small_sprites.getSubImage(0, 0); static Image small_2 = small_sprites.getSubImage(1, 0); static Image small_3 = small_sprites.getSubImage(2, 0); static Image small_4 = small_sprites.getSubImage(3, 0); static boolean asteroids = true; static int diff = 0; Asteroids() { Task_Asteroids TaskA = new Task_Asteroids(); Timer timer = new Timer("Asteroids"); if(diff == 0) { timer.schedule(TaskA, 0, 4000); } else if(diff == 1) { timer.schedule(TaskA, 0, 3000); } } public static Image chooseSmallImage(int i) { if(i == 0) { return small_1; } else if(i == 1) { return small_2; } else if(i == 2) { return small_3; } else if(i == 3) { return small_4; } else { return small_1; } } public static void level_manager(float x) { if(x < 1000) { diff = 0; } else if(x < 2000) { diff = 1; } else if(x < 3000) { diff = 2; } else if(x < 5000) { diff = 3; } else if(x < 10000) { diff = 4; } else { diff = 5; } } public void update(int delta) { for(int s = 0; s < small.size(); s++) { Asteroid_Small as = small.get(s); as.update(delta); } } public void render(Graphics g) { for(int s = 0; s < small.size(); s++) { Asteroid_Small as = small.get(s); as.render(g); } } public static void setAsteroids(boolean tf) { asteroids = tf; } } Asteroid_Small: package me.bleedobsidian.astroidjump; import org.newdawn.slick.Graphics; import org.newdawn.slick.Image; public class Asteroid_Small { private static Image me; private static float x = 0; private static float y = 0; private static float speed = 0; private static float rotation = 0; private static float rotation_speed = 0; Asteroid_Small(Image i, float x, float y, float rs, float sp) { me = i; Asteroid_Small.x = x; Asteroid_Small.y = y; Asteroid_Small.rotation_speed = rs; Asteroid_Small.speed = sp; } public void update(int delta) { x -= speed * delta; rotation += rotation_speed * delta; me.setRotation(rotation); } public void render(Graphics g) { g.drawImage(me, x, y); } } Task_Asteroid: package me.bleedobsidian.astroidjump; import java.util.TimerTask; public class Task_Asteroids extends TimerTask { public void run() { if(Asteroids.diff == 0) { int randImage = (int) (Math.random() * 4); int randHeight = (int) (Math.random() * 480); Asteroids.small.add(new Asteroid_Small(Asteroids.chooseSmallImage(randImage), Player.x + 960, randHeight, 0.05f, 0.04f)); } } }

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• What are the steps taken by this GLSL code?

  - by user827992

  1 void main(void) 2 { 3 vec2 pos = mod(gl_FragCoord.xy, vec2(50.0)) - vec2(25.0); 4 float dist_squared = dot(pos, pos); 5 6 gl_FragColor = (dist_squared < 400.0) 7 ? vec4(.90, .90, .90, 1.0) 8 : vec4(.20, .20, .40, 1.0); 9 } taken from http://people.freedesktop.org/~idr/OpenGL_tutorials/03-fragment-intro.html Now, this looks really trivial and simple, but my problem is with the mod function. This function is taking 2 vec2 as inputs but is supposed to take just 2 atomic arguments according to the official documentation, also this function makes an implicit use of the floor function that only accepts, again, 1 atomic argument. Can someone explain this to me step by step and point out what I'm not getting here? It's some kind of OpenGL trick? OpenGL Math trick? in the GLSL docs i always find and explicit reference to the type accepted by the function and vec2 it's not there.

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• Why is this beat detection code failing to register some beats properly?

  - by Quincy

  I made this SoundAnalyzer class to detect beats in songs: class SoundAnalyzer { public SoundBuffer soundData; public Sound sound; public List<double> beatMarkers = new List<double>(); public SoundAnalyzer(string path) { soundData = new SoundBuffer(path); sound = new Sound(soundData); } // C = threshold, N = size of history buffer / 1024 B = bands public void PlaceBeatMarkers(float C, int N, int B) { List<double>[] instantEnergyList = new List<double>[B]; GetEnergyList(B, ref instantEnergyList); for (int i = 0; i < B; i++) { PlaceMarkers(instantEnergyList[i], N, C); } beatMarkers.Sort(); } private short[] getRange(int begin, int end, short[] array) { short[] result = new short[end - begin]; for (int i = 0; i < end - begin; i++) { result[i] = array[begin + i]; } return result; } // get a array of with a list of energy for each band private void GetEnergyList(int B, ref List<double>[] instantEnergyList) { for (int i = 0; i < B; i++) { instantEnergyList[i] = new List<double>(); } short[] samples = soundData.Samples; float timePerSample = 1 / (float)soundData.SampleRate; int sampleIndex = 0; int nextSamples = 1024; int samplesPerBand = nextSamples / B; // for the whole song while (sampleIndex + nextSamples < samples.Length) { complex[] FFT = FastFourier.Calculate(getRange(sampleIndex, nextSamples + sampleIndex, samples)); // foreach band for (int i = 0; i < B; i++) { double energy = 0; for (int j = 0; j < samplesPerBand; j++) energy += FFT[i * samplesPerBand + j].GetMagnitude(); energy /= samplesPerBand; instantEnergyList[i].Add(energy); } if (sampleIndex + nextSamples >= samples.Length) nextSamples = samples.Length - sampleIndex - 1; sampleIndex += nextSamples; samplesPerBand = nextSamples / B; } } // place the actual markers private void PlaceMarkers(List<double> instantEnergyList, int N, float C) { double timePerSample = 1 / (double)soundData.SampleRate; int index = N; int numInBuffer = index; double historyBuffer = 0; //Fill the history buffer with n * instant energy for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) { historyBuffer += instantEnergyList[i]; } // If instantEnergy / samples in buffer < instantEnergy for the next sample then add beatmarker. while (index + 1 < instantEnergyList.Count) { if(instantEnergyList[index + 1] > (historyBuffer / numInBuffer) * C) beatMarkers.Add((index + 1) * 1024 * timePerSample); historyBuffer -= instantEnergyList[index - numInBuffer]; historyBuffer += instantEnergyList[index + 1]; index++; } } } For some reason it's only detecting beats from 637 sec to around 641 sec, and I have no idea why. I know the beats are being inserted from multiple bands since I am finding duplicates, and it seems that it's assigning a beat to each instant energy value in between those values. It's modeled after this: http://www.flipcode.com/misc/BeatDetectionAlgorithms.pdf So why won't the beats register properly?

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• XNA - Obtaining depth from the scene's render target?

  - by user1423893

  I'm currently rendering my scene to a render target so it can be used for rendering methods such as post processing and order independent transparency. rtScene = new RenderTarget2D( GraphicsDevice, GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferWidth, GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferHeight, false, SurfaceFormat.Rgba64, DepthFormat.Depth24Stencil8, // Requires a depth format for objects to be drawn correctly (e.g. wireframe model surrounding model) 0, RenderTargetUsage.PreserveContents ); I am required to use RenderTargetUsage.PreserveContents so that the same render target can be rendered to multiple times, once for each of the draw methods below. DrawBackground DrawDeferred DrawForward DrawTransparent The problem is that DrawTransparent requires a copy of the scene's depth as a texture. Is there any way to obtain this from the scene render target above (rtScene)? I can't have more than one render target with RenderTargetUsage.PreserveContents as this causes problems on hardware such as the XBOX 360, so rendering the depth to a separate render target at the same time as I render the scene isn't possible as far as I can tell. Would I be able to get around this problem by "Ping-Ponging" two render targets (using the more compatible RenderTargetUsage.DiscardContents) and using the result for the depth texture?

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