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• Retrieving model position after applying modeltransforms in XNA

  - by Glen Dekker

  For this method that the goingBeyond XNA tutorial provides, it would be really convenient if I could retrieve the new position of the model after I apply all the transforms to the mesh. I have edited the method a little for what I need. Does anyone know a way I can do this? public void DrawModel( Camera camera ) { Matrix scaleY = Matrix.CreateScale(new Vector3(1, 2, 1)); Matrix temp = Matrix.CreateScale(100f) * scaleY * rotationMatrix * translationMatrix * Matrix.CreateRotationY(MathHelper.Pi / 6) * translationMatrix2; Matrix[] modelTransforms = new Matrix[model.Bones.Count]; model.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(modelTransforms); if (camera.getDistanceFromPlayer(position+position1) > 3000) return; foreach (ModelMesh mesh in model.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.World = modelTransforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * temp * worldMatrix; effect.View = camera.viewMatrix; effect.Projection = camera.projectionMatrix; } mesh.Draw(); } }

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• How should an object that uses composition set its composed components?

  - by Casey

  After struggling with various problems and reading up on component-based systems and reading Bob Nystrom's excellent book "Game Programming Patterns" and in particular the chapter on Components I determined that this is a horrible idea: //Class intended to be inherited by all objects. Engine uses Objects exclusively. class Object : public IUpdatable, public IDrawable { public: Object(); Object(const Object& other); Object& operator=(const Object& rhs); virtual ~Object() =0; virtual void SetBody(const RigidBodyDef& body); virtual const RigidBody* GetBody() const; virtual RigidBody* GetBody(); //Inherited from IUpdatable virtual void Update(double deltaTime); //Inherited from IDrawable virtual void Draw(BITMAP* dest); protected: private: }; I'm attempting to refactor it into a more manageable system. Mr. Nystrom uses the constructor to set the individual components; CHANGING these components at run-time is impossible. It's intended to be derived and be used in derivative classes or factory methods where their constructors do not change at run-time. i.e. his Bjorne object is just a call to a factory method with a specific call to the GameObject constructor. Is this a good idea? Should the object have a default constructor and setters to facilitate run-time changes or no default constructor without setters and instead use a factory method? Given: class Object { public: //...See below for constructor implementation concerns. Object(const Object& other); Object& operator=(const Object& rhs); virtual ~Object() =0; //See below for Setter concerns IUpdatable* GetUpdater(); IDrawable* GetRenderer(); protected: IUpdatable* _updater; IDrawable* _renderer; private: }; Should the components be read-only and passed in to the constructor via: class Object { public: //No default constructor. Object(IUpdatable* updater, IDrawable* renderer); //...remainder is same as above... }; or Should a default constructor be provided and then the components can be set at run-time? class Object { public: Object(); //... SetUpdater(IUpdater* updater); SetRenderer(IDrawable* renderer); //...remainder is same as above... }; or both? class Object { public: Object(); Object(IUpdater* updater, IDrawable* renderer); //... SetUpdater(IUpdater* updater); SetRenderer(IDrawable* renderer); //...remainder is same as above... };

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• Why use 3d matrix and camera in 2D world for 2d geometric figures?

  - by Navy Seal

  I'm working in XNA on a 2d isometric world/game and I'm using DrawUserPrimitives to draw some geometric figures... I saw some tutorials about creating dynamic shadows but I didn't understood why they use a "3d" matrix to control the transformations since the figure I'm drawing is in 2d perspective. I know I'm drawing a 2d figure in 3d but I still can't understand if I really need to work with the matrix. Is there any advantage in using a 3d Matrix to control camera and view? Any reason why I can't just update my vertex's positions by using a regular method since the view is always the same... And since I want to work only with single figures, won't this cause all the geometric figures have the same transformations simultaneously? To understand better what I mean here's a video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjvsGHXaGEA&feature=player_embedded

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• How to run the pixel shader effcet??

  - by Yashwinder

  Below stated is the code for my pixel shader which I am rendering after the vertex shader. I have set the wordViewProjection matrix in my program but I don't know to set the progress variable i.e in my pixel shader file which will make the image displayed by the help of a quad to give out transition effect. Here is the code for my pixel shader program::: As my pixel shader is giving a static effect and now I want to use it to give some effect. So for this I have to add a progress variable in my pixel shader and initialize to the Constant table function i.e constantTable.SetValue(D3DDevice,"progress",progress ); I am having the problem in using this function for progress in my program. Anybody know how to set this variable in my program. And my new pixel Shader code is float progress : register(C0); sampler2D implicitInput : register(s0); sampler2D oldInput : register(s1); struct VS_OUTPUT { float4 Position : POSITION; float4 Color : COLOR0; float2 UV : TEXCOORD 0; }; float4 Blinds(float2 uv) { if(frac(uv.y * 5) < progress) { return tex2D(implicitInput, uv); } else { return tex2D(oldInput, uv); } } // Pixel Shader { return Blinds(input.UV); }

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• jerky walljump in unity rigidbody2d

  - by Lilz Votca Love

  hey there i know people have encountered issues with it before i looked upon the different solutions provided but i couldnt get any fix at all.im making a 2d game and am stuck with the walljump.i detect the wall wonderfully i also detect the jump and it works the player jumps off the wall when facing right with the use of rigidbody.addforce(new vector2(-1,2)*jumpforce) now when jumping on the oposite wall using the same vector with the sign in x axis changed to 1,the player jumps too but it goes more in the y axis than it should.Here is an image to show you the curves it(the player) follows. check the following url to see the behaviour https://scontent-b-mad.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-xpf1/t1.0-9/1470386_10152415957141154_156025539179003805_n.jpg voila the green one is happennig when player faces right and the other one happens when he is not here is the section of code if (wall) { if (wallJump) { if (facingRight) { rigidbody2D.velocity = Vector2.zero; flip (); rigidbody2D.AddForce (new Vector2 (-1f, 2f) * Jumpforce / 1.5f); Debug.Log ("saut mural gauche" + new Vector2 (-1f, 2f) * Jumpforce / 1.5f); } else { rigidbody2D.velocity = Vector2.zero; flip (); rigidbody2D.AddForce (new Vector2 (1f, 2f) * Jumpforce / 1.5f); Debug.Log ("saut mural droit--" + new Vector2 (Mathf.Sign (1f), 2f) * Jumpforce / 1.5f + "jump" + jump); } } } else { wallJump = false; } here the code is not optimized yet but i assure you it works so guys any help would be so awesome!! thanks

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• Drawing lines in 3D space

  - by DeadMG

  When attempting to draw a line in 3D space with D3DPT_LINELIST, then Direct3D gives me an error about an invalid vertex declaration, saying that it cannot be converted to an FVF. I am using the same vertex declaration and shader/stream setup as for my D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST rendering which works absolutely correctly. How can I use D3DPT_LINELIST to render some lines in 3D space? Edit: Oopsie, forgot my codeses. Here's my raw Draw call. D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSource(1, PerBoneBuffer.get(), 0, sizeof(PerInstanceData))); D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSourceFreq(1, D3DSTREAMSOURCE_INSTANCEDATA | 1)); D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSource(0, LineVerts, 0, sizeof(D3DXVECTOR3))); D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSourceFreq(0, D3DSTREAMSOURCE_INDEXEDDATA | lines.size())); D3DCALL(device->SetIndices(LineIndices)); PerInstanceData* data; std::vector<Wide::Render::Line*> lines_vec(lines.begin(), lines.end()); D3DCALL(PerBoneBuffer->Lock(0, lines.size() * sizeof(PerInstanceData), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&data), D3DLOCK_DISCARD)); std::for_each(lines.begin(), lines.end(), [&](Wide::Render::Line* ptr) { data->Color = D3DXColor(ptr->Colour); D3DXMATRIXA16 Translate, Scale, Rotate; D3DXMatrixTranslation(&Translate, ptr->Start.x, ptr->Start.y, ptr->Start.z); D3DXMatrixScaling(&Scale, ptr->Scale, 1, 1); D3DXMatrixRotationQuaternion(&Rotate, &D3DQuaternion(ptr->Rotation)); data->World = Scale * Rotate * Translate; }); D3DCALL(PerBoneBuffer->Unlock()); D3DCALL(device->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPRIMITIVETYPE::D3DPT_LINELIST, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1)); Here's my vertex declaration: D3DVERTEXELEMENT9 BasicMeshVertices[] = { {0, 0, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT3, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_POSITION, 0}, {1, 0, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 0}, {1, 16, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 1}, {1, 32, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 2}, {1, 48, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 3}, {1, 64, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_COLOR, 0}, D3DDECL_END() }; The LineIndices are just 0, 1 and the LineVerts are just {0,0,0} and {1,0,0}, to represent a unit 3D line along the X axis.

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• Randomly placing items script not working - sometimes items spawn in walls, sometimes items spawn in weird locations

  - by Timothy Williams

  I'm trying to figure out a way to randomly spawn items throughout my level, however I need to make sure they won't spawn inside another object (walls, etc.) Here's the code I'm currently using, it's based on the Physics.CheckSphere(); function. This runs OnLevelWasLoaded(); It spawns the items perfectly fine, but sometimes items spawn partway in walls. And sometimes items will spawn outside of the SpawnBox range (no clue why it does that.) //This is what randomly generates all the items. void SpawnItems () { if (Application.loadedLevelName == "Menu" || Application.loadedLevelName == "End Demo") return; //The bottom corner of the box we want to spawn items in. Vector3 spawnBoxBot = Vector3.zero; //Top corner. Vector3 spawnBoxTop = Vector3.zero; //If we're in the dungeon, set the box to the dungeon box and tell the items we want to spawn. if (Application.loadedLevelName == "dungeonScene") { spawnBoxBot = new Vector3 (8.857f, 0, 9.06f); spawnBoxTop = new Vector3 (-27.98f, 2.4f, -15); itemSpawn = dungeonSpawn; } //Spawn all the items. for (i = 0; i != itemSpawn.Length; i ++) { spawnedItem = null; //Zeroes out our random location Vector3 randomLocation = Vector3.zero; //Gets the meshfilter of the item we'll be spawning MeshFilter mf = itemSpawn[i].GetComponent<MeshFilter>(); //Gets it's bounds (see how big it is) Bounds bounds = mf.sharedMesh.bounds; //Get it's radius float maxRadius = new Vector3 (bounds.extents.x + 10f, bounds.extents.y + 10f, bounds.extents.z + 10f).magnitude * 5f; //Set which layer is the no walls layer var NoWallsLayer = 1 << LayerMask.NameToLayer("NoWallsLayer"); //Use that layer as your layermask. LayerMask layerMask = ~(1 << NoWallsLayer); //If we're in the dungeon, certain items need to spawn on certain halves. if (Application.loadedLevelName == "dungeonScene") { if (itemSpawn[i].name == "key2" || itemSpawn[i].name == "teddyBearLW" || itemSpawn[i].name == "teddyBearLW_Admiration" || itemSpawn[i].name == "radio") randomLocation = new Vector3(Random.Range(spawnBoxBot.x, -26.96f), Random.Range(spawnBoxBot.y, spawnBoxTop.y), Random.Range(spawnBoxBot.z, -2.141f)); else randomLocation = new Vector3(Random.Range(spawnBoxBot.x, spawnBoxTop.x), Random.Range(spawnBoxBot.y, spawnBoxTop.y), Random.Range(-2.374f, spawnBoxTop.z)); } //Otherwise just spawn them in the box. else randomLocation = new Vector3(Random.Range(spawnBoxBot.x, spawnBoxTop.x), Random.Range(spawnBoxBot.y, spawnBoxTop.y), Random.Range(spawnBoxBot.z, spawnBoxTop.z)); //This is what actually spawns the item. It checks to see if the spot where we want to instantiate it is clear, and if so it instatiates it. Otherwise we have to repeat the whole process again. if (Physics.CheckSphere(randomLocation, maxRadius, layerMask)) spawnedItem = Instantiate(itemSpawn[i], randomLocation, Random.rotation); else i --; //If we spawned something, set it's name to what it's supposed to be. Removes the (clone) addon. if (spawnedItem != null) spawnedItem.name = itemSpawn[i].name; } } What I'm asking for is if you know what's going wrong with this code that it would spawn stuff in walls. Or, if you could provide me with links/code/ideas of a better way to check if an item will spawn in a wall (some other function than Physics.CheckSphere). I've been working on this for a long time, and nothing I try seems to work. Any help is appreciated.

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• Performance issues with visibility detection and object transparency

  - by maul

  I'm working on a 3d game that has a view similar to classic isometric games (diablo, etc.). One of the things I'm trying to implement is the effect of turning walls transparent when the player walks behind them. By itself this is not a huge issue, but I'm having trouble determining which walls should be transparent exactly. I can't use a circle or square mask. There are a lot of cases where the wall piece at the same (relative) position has different visibility depending on the surrounding area. With the help of a friend I came up with this algorithm: Create a grid around the player that contains a lot of "visibility points" (my game is semi tile-based so I create one point for every tile on the grid) - the size of the square's side is close to the radius where I make objects transparent. I found 6x6 to be a good value, so that's 36 visibility points total. For every visibility point on the grid, check if that point is in the player's line of sight. For every visibility point that is in the LOS, cast a ray from the camera to that point and mark all objects the ray hits as transparent. This algorithm works - not perfectly, but only requires some tuning - however this is very slow. As you can see, it requries 36 ray casts minimum, but most of the time 60-70 depending on the position. That's simply too much for the CPU. Is there a better way to do this? I'm using Unity 3D but I'm not looking for an engine-specific solution.

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• Is it important for reflection-based serialization maintain consistent field ordering?

  - by Matchlighter

  I just finished writing a packet builder that dynamically loads data into a data stream for eventual network transmission. Each builder operates by finding fields in a given class (and its superclasses) that are marked with a @data annotation. When I finishing my implementation, I remembered that getFields() does not return results in any specific order. Should reflection-based methods for serializing arbitrary data (like my packets) attempt to preserve a specific field ordering (such as alphabetical), and if so, how?

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• How should I invoke a physics engine?

  - by ymfoi

  I'm new to writing games. I'm planning to write a 2D battle game which may require an physics engine. Suppose I've written one, but how can I combine it with the main routine of my game? Should I attach it directly to the graphics render routine or put it in an individual thread? I've spent much time looking for some common approach, but found nothing. So can you reveal some basics idea for me, a newbie? Thanks! P.S. There're many other problems I have to deal with if I choose to start a separate thread for the physics engine, for example, the lock problem, while from my intuition, I guess I'd better separate the render and the physics engine.

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• Game Center: Leaderboard score inconsistencies

  - by Hasyimi Bahrudin

  Background I'm currently developing a simple library that mirrors Game Center's functionalities locally. Basically, this library is a system that manages achievements and leaderboards, and optionally sync it with the Game Center. So, if the game is not GC enabled, the game will still have achievements and leaderboards (stored inside a plist). But of course, the leaderboards will then only contain the local player's scores (which is kind of useless, I know :P). Problem Currently I have coded both of the achievements and leaderboards subsystems. The achievements subsystem have already been tested and it works. I'm currently testing the leaderboards subsystem using multiple test user accounts. I loaded the test app on a device and on the simulator, both logged in with 2 different user accounts. Then I performed these steps: I first used the device to upload a score. Then, I ran the simulator, and the score submitted by the user on the device is shown. Which is cool. Then, I used the simulator to upload a score. But on the device, still, only one score is listed. I checked on the Game Center app (to see if the bug lies within my code), and I got the same thing. Under "All players", there is only one score on the device, but there are 2 scores on the simulator. I wanted to make sure that the simulator is not causing this, so I swapped the users on the device and the simulator, and the result is still the same. In other words, the first user is oblivious of the second user's score, but the second user can see the first user's score. Then I tried with a third user. The result: the third user can only see the scores of the first user and himself. The second user still sees the scores of the first user and himself. The first user only sees his own score. Now here comes the weird part. I then make the first user and the second user befriend each other. The result: under "Friends", the first user can see the second user's score, but under "All Players", the first user's score is the only one listed. Screenshots The first user sees this: The second user sees this: So, is this a normal thing when using sandboxed GC accounts? Is this behavior documented somewhere by Apple?

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• LWJGL Determining whether or not a polygon is on-screen.

  - by Brandon oubiub

  Not sure whether this is an LWJGL or math question. I want to check whether a shape is on-screen, so that I don't have to render it if it isn't. First of all, is there any simple way to do this that I am overlooking? Like some method or something that I haven't found? I'm going to assume there isn't. I tried using my trigonometry skills, but it is hard to do this because of how glRotate also distorts the image a little for perspective and realism. Or, is there any way to easily determine if a ray starting from the camera, and going outward in a straight line intersects a shape? (I can probably do it with my math skillz, but is there an easier way?) By the way, I can easily determine the angle at which the camera is facing around the x and y axis. EDIT: Or, possibly, I could get the angles of a vector from the camera to the object, and compare those angles to my camera angles. But I have a feeling that the distorts from glRotate and glTranslate would be an issue. I'll try it though.

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• Typical Applications of Linear System Solver in Game Developemnt

  - by craftsman.don

  I am going to write a custom solver for linear system. I would like to survey the typical problems involved the linear system solving in games. So that I can custom optimization on these problems based on the shape of the matrix. currently I am focus on these problems: B-Spline editing (I use a linear solve to resolve the C0, C1, C2 continuity) Constraint in Simulation (especially Position-Constraint, cloth) Both of them are Banded Matrix. I want to hear about some other applications of a linear system in games. Thank you.

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• Organising levels / rooms in a MUD-style text based world

  - by Polynomial

  I'm thinking of writing a small text-based adventure game, but I'm not particularly sure how I should design the world from a technical standpoint. My first thought is to do it in XML, designed something like the following. Apologies for the huge pile of XML, but I felt it important to fully explain what I'm doing. <level> <start> <!-- start in kitchen with empty inventory --> <room>Kitchen</room> <inventory></inventory> </start> <rooms> <room> <name>Kitchen</name> <description>A small kitchen that looks like it hasn't been used in a while. It has a table in the middle, and there are some cupboards. There is a door to the north, which leads to the garden.</description> <!-- IDs of the objects the room contains --> <objects> <object>Cupboards</object> <object>Knife</object> <object>Batteries</object> </objects> </room> <room> <name>Garden</name> <description>The garden is wild and full of prickly bushes. To the north there is a path, which leads into the trees. To the south there is a house.</description> <objects> </objects> </room> <room> <name>Woods</name> <description>The woods are quite dark, with little light bleeding in from the garden. It is eerily quiet.</description> <objects> <object>Trees01</object> </objects> </room> </rooms> <doors> <!-- a door isn't necessarily a door. each door has a type, i.e. "There is a <type> leading to..." from and to are references the rooms that this door joins. direction specifies the direction (N,S,E,W,Up,Down) from <from> to <to> --> <door> <type>door</type> <direction>N</direction> <from>Kitchen</from> <to>Garden</to> </door> <door> <type>path</type> <direction>N</direction> <from>Garden</type> <to>Woods</type> </door> </doors> <variables> <!-- variables set by actions --> <variable name="cupboard_open">0</variable> </variables> <objects> <!-- definitions for objects --> <object> <name>Trees01</name> <displayName>Trees</displayName> <actions> <!-- any actions not defined will show the default failure message --> <action> <command>EXAMINE</command> <message>The trees are tall and thick. There aren't any low branches, so it'd be difficult to climb them.</message> </action> </actions> </object> <object> <name>Cupboards</name> <displayName>Cupboards</displayName> <actions> <action> <!-- requirements make the command only work when they are met --> <requirements> <!-- equivilent of "if(cupboard_open == 1)" --> <require operation="equal" value="1">cupboard_open</require> </requirements> <command>EXAMINE</command> <!-- fail message is the message displayed when the requirements aren't met --> <failMessage>The cupboard is closed.</failMessage> <message>The cupboard contains some batteires.</message> </action> <action> <requirements> <require operation="equal" value="0">cupboard_open</require> </requirements> <command>OPEN</command> <failMessage>The cupboard is already open.</failMessage> <message>You open the cupboard. It contains some batteries.</message> <!-- assigns is a list of operations performed on variables when the action succeeds --> <assigns> <assign operation="set" value="1">cupboard_open</assign> </assigns> </action> <action> <requirements> <require operation="equal" value="1">cupboard_open</require> </requirements> <command>CLOSE</command> <failMessage>The cupboard is already closed.</failMessage> <message>You closed the cupboard./message> <assigns> <assign operation="set" value="0">cupboard_open</assign> </assigns> </action> </actions> </object> <object> <name>Batteries</name> <displayName>Batteries</displayName> <!-- by setting inventory to non-zero, we can put it in our bag --> <inventory>1</inventory> <actions> <action> <requirements> <require operation="equal" value="1">cupboard_open</require> </requirements> <command>GET</command> <!-- failMessage isn't required here, it'll just show the usual "You can't see any <blank>." message --> <message>You picked up the batteries.</message> </action> </actions> </object> </objects> </level> Obviously there'd need to be more to it than this. Interaction with people and enemies as well as death and completion are necessary additions. Since the XML is quite difficult to work with, I'd probably create some sort of world editor. I'd like to know if this method has any downfalls, and if there's a "better" or more standard way of doing it.

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• How to position a sprite in a 2D animation skeleton?

  - by Paul Manta

  Given two joints that define a bone, I would like to know how to decide where, between those two joints, I should draw the sprite. This should be a fairly simple thing to solve, but there is one thing that I am not sure about. After I've determined the rotation of the sprite (which is the absolute angle the joints form with the x-axis), I also need to determine the origin point from where I need to start drawing the transformed image. So how should I position the sprite between the two joints? Should I make the center of the image be the midpoint between the two joints, or should I make one the of the joints be the origin? Do these things matter that much (could the wrong positioning make the sprite move oddly during the animation)?

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• Are there any good html 5 mmo design tutorials?

  - by Dwight Spencer

  Hey all. I got a rather inspired after playing gaia online's zOMG and wanted to revive an old project idea I've had laying around for a few years now. I'm looking to work with html5 (ie canvas, svg based sprites, & WebGL) to build a graphical web based MUD/MMO. Obviously, this is a new take on an old idea and after searching google I haven't really turned up many good resources. But does anyone have any tutorials or other resources to point me in the right direction?

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• Adobe Air turn based multiplayer Game, sockets vs http bandwidth

  - by Arin Aivazian

  I am developing an Adobe Air multiplayer game for iPad. It is turn based and not realtime. It is like checkers game. I want to use a client server model. I have found 2 options to connect to server so far: socket connection and http requests My question is: Is the bandwidth requirement for socket connection vs http requests different? I need the game to work with very low speed internet connections

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• How do you turn a cube into a sphere?

  - by Tom Dalling

  I'm trying to make a quad sphere based on an article, which shows results like this: I can generate a cube correctly: But when I convert all the points according to this formula (from the page linked above): x = x * sqrtf(1.0 - (y*y/2.0) - (z*z/2.0) + (y*y*z*z/3.0)); y = y * sqrtf(1.0 - (z*z/2.0) - (x*x/2.0) + (z*z*x*x/3.0)); z = z * sqrtf(1.0 - (x*x/2.0) - (y*y/2.0) + (x*x*y*y/3.0)); My sphere looks like this: As you can see, the edges of the cube still poke out too far. The cube ranges from -1 to +1 on all axes, like the article says. Any ideas what is wrong?

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• How can I locate empty space next to polygon regions?

  - by Stephen

  Let's say I have the following area in a top-down map: The circle is the player, the black square is an obstacle, and the grey polygons with red borders are walk-able areas that will be used as a navigation mesh for enemies. Obstacles and grey polygons are always convex. The grey regions were defined using an algorithm when the world was generated at runtime. Notice the little white column. I need to figure out where any empty space like this is, if at all, after the algorithm builds the grey regions, so that I can fill the space with another region. Basically what I'm hoping for is an algorithm that can detect empty space next to a polygon.

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• Problems implementing a screen space shadow ray tracing shader

  - by Grieverheart

  Here I previously asked for the possibility of ray tracing shadows in screen space in a deferred shader. Several problems were pointed out. One of the most important problem is that only visible objects can cast shadows and objects between the camera and the shadow caster can interfere. Still I thought it'd be a fun experiment. The idea is to calculate the view coordinates of pixels and cast a ray to the light. The ray is then traced pixel by pixel to the light and its depth is compared with the depth at the pixel. If a pixel is in front of the ray, a shadow is casted at the original pixel. At first I thought that I could use the DDA algorithm in 2D to calculate the distance 't' (in p = o + t d, where o origin, d direction) to the next pixel and use it in the 3D ray equation to find the ray's z coordinate at that pixel's position. For the 2D ray, I would use the projected and biased 3D ray direction and origin. The idea was that 't' would be the same in both 2D and 3D equations. Unfortunately, this is not the case since the projection matrix is 4D. Thus, some tweak needs to be done to make this work this way. I would like to ask if someone knows of a way to do what I described above, i.e. from a 2D ray in texture coordinate space to get the 3D ray in screen space. I did implement a simple version of the idea which you can see in the following video: video here Shadows may seem a bit pixelated, but that's mostly because of the size of the step in 't' I chose. And here is the shader: #version 330 core uniform sampler2D DepthMap; uniform vec2 projAB; uniform mat4 projectionMatrix; const vec3 light_p = vec3(-30.0, 30.0, -10.0); noperspective in vec2 pass_TexCoord; smooth in vec3 viewRay; layout(location = 0) out float out_AO; vec3 CalcPosition(void){ float depth = texture(DepthMap, pass_TexCoord).r; float linearDepth = projAB.y / (depth - projAB.x); vec3 ray = normalize(viewRay); ray = ray / ray.z; return linearDepth * ray; } void main(void){ vec3 origin = CalcPosition(); if(origin.z < -60) discard; vec2 pixOrigin = pass_TexCoord; //tex coords vec3 dir = normalize(light_p - origin); vec2 texel_size = vec2(1.0 / 600.0); float t = 0.1; ivec2 pixIndex = ivec2(pixOrigin / texel_size); out_AO = 1.0; while(true){ vec3 ray = origin + t * dir; vec4 temp = projectionMatrix * vec4(ray, 1.0); vec2 texCoord = (temp.xy / temp.w) * 0.5 + 0.5; ivec2 newIndex = ivec2(texCoord / texel_size); if(newIndex != pixIndex){ float depth = texture(DepthMap, texCoord).r; float linearDepth = projAB.y / (depth - projAB.x); if(linearDepth > ray.z + 0.1){ out_AO = 0.2; break; } pixIndex = newIndex; } t += 0.5; if(texCoord.x < 0 || texCoord.x > 1.0 || texCoord.y < 0 || texCoord.y > 1.0) break; } } As you can see, here I just increment 't' by some arbitrary factor, calculate the 3D ray and project it to get the pixel coordinates, which is not really optimal. Hopefully, I would like to optimize the code as much as possible and compare it with shadow mapping and how it scales with the number of lights. PS: Keep in mind that I reconstruct position from depth by interpolating rays through a full screen quad.

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• Determine percentage of screen covered by an object without using frustum culling

  - by Meltac

  On the CPU-side of an 3D first-person / ego perspective game I need to check whether what the players currently sees on screen is the inside of a box object defined by world space coordinates (the player might be outside of that box but on screen sees only/mostly the inside of the box, or vice-versa, looks from within the box to the outside). The "casual" way of performing such a check would incorporate frustum culling but such an approach would be hard to achieve with my given set of engine parameters which I'd like to avoid if there is a simpler way. What I actually have at the point where I would like to do the check (high-level script on CPU, not GPU side): Camera world position Camera direction Camera FOV Two Box corner world coordinates (left-bottom-front, right-top-back) What I do not have right away: View frustrum definition (near/far plane or say 6 planes defining frustum) Any specific pixel information (uv, view space position, depth or the like) What I would like to calculate: Percentage of screen "covered" by box. Any hints on how to perform such calculation?

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• changing body type without change of center of mass

  - by philipp

  I have an box2d project with some bodies in it, which move around without any user interaction. But if the user selects one of the bodies, he should be able to move it around just like he wants to. To keep it short, I want to change the type of the body to "kinematic" while the user controls it and back to "dynamic" afterwards. If I do so the rotation center of the body changes with the change of the type. How can I reset this? The body's fixture is created of a single b2PolygonShape, with its vertices set via SetAsArray(). Greetings philipp EDIT:: So I looked around about setting the local center of bodies. what brought me to this solution: var md = new b2MassData(); this.body.GetMassData( md ); this.body.SetType( b2body.b2_kinematicBody ); this.body.SetMassData( md ); that did not work, so I had a look at the source and found that SetMassData() always returns if the body is not "dynamic". So I tried this: var md = new b2MassData(); this._body.GetMassData( md ); this._body.SetType( b2Body.b2_kinematicBody ); this._body.m_sweep.localCenter.Set( md.center.x, md.center.y ); what actually is modifying the private data of the body. But it works and no errors appear, but can I really do this without the risk of breaking the application, or in other words, under which circumstances could this solution might cause errors? n.b.: I am using box2dweb of the latest release. Greetings philipp

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• How to implement efficient Fog of War?

  - by Cambrano

  I've asked a question how to implement Fog Of War(FOW) with shaders. Well I've got this working. I use the vertex color to identify the alpha of a single vertex. I guess the most of you know what the FOW of Age of Empires was like, anyway I'll shortly explain it: You have a map. Everything is unexplored(solid black / 100% transparency) at the beginning. When your NPC's / other game units explore the world (by moving around mostly) they unshadow the map. That means. Everything in a specific radius (viewrange) around a NPC is visible (0%transparency). Anything that is out of viewrange but already explored is visible but shadowed (50% transparency). So yeah, AoE had relatively huge maps. Requirements was something around 100mhz etc. So it should be relatively easy to implement something to solve this problem - actually. Okay. I'm currently adding planes above my world and set the color per vertex. Why do I use many planes ? Unity has a vertex limit of 65.000 per mesh. According to the size of my tiles and the size of my map I need more than one plane. So I actually need a lot of planes. This is obviously pita for my FPS. Well so my question is, what are simple (in sense of performance) techniques to implement a FOW shader? Okay some simplified code what I'm doin so far: // Setup for (int x = 0; x < (Map.Dimension/planeSize); x++) { for (int z = 0; z < (Map.Dimension/planeSize); z++) { CreateMeshAt(x*planeSize, 3, z*planeSize) } } // Explore (is called from NPCs when walking for example) for (int x = ((int) from.x - radius); x < from.x + radius; x ++) { for (int z = ((int) from.z - radius); z < from.z + radius; z ++) { if (from.Distance(x, 1, z) > radius) continue; _transparency[x/tileSize, z/tileSize] = 0.5f; } } // Update foreach(GameObject plane in planes){ foreach(Vector3 vertex in vertices){ Vector3 worldPos = GetWorldPos(vertex); vertex.Color = new Color(0,0,0, _transparency[worldPos.x/tileSize, worldPos.z/tileSize]); } } My shader just sets the transparency of the vertex now, which comes from the vertex color channel

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• Dynamic/Adaptive RLE

  - by Lucius

  So, I'm developing a 2D, tile based game and a map maker thingy - all in Java. The problem is that recently I've been having some memory issues when about 4 maps are loaded. Each one of these maps are composed of 128x128 tiles and have 4 layers (for details and stuff). I already spent a good amount of time searching for solutions and the best thing I found was run-length enconding (RLE). It seems easy enough to use with static data, but is there a way to use it with data that is constantly changing, without a big drop in performance? In my maps, supposing I'm compressing the columns, I would have 128 rows, each with some amount of data (hopefully less than it would be without RLE). Whenever I change a tile, that whole row would have to be checked and I'm affraid that would slow down too much the production (and I'm in a somewhat tight schedule). Well, worst case scenario I work on each map individually, and save them using RLE, but it would be really nice if I could avoind that. EDIT: What I'm currently using to store the data for the tiles is a 2D array of HashMaps that use the layer as key and store the id of the tile in that position - like this: private HashMap< Integer, Integer [][]

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• Applying effects to an existing program that uses BasicEffect

  - by Fibericon

  Using the finished product from the tutorial here. Is it possible to apply the grayscale effect from here: Making entire scene fade to grayscale Or would you basically have to rewrite everything? EDIT: It's doing something now, but the whole grayscale seems extremely blue. It's like I'm looking at it through dark blue sunglasses. Here's my draw function: protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { device.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget); graphics.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); //Drawing models, bullets, etc. device.SetRenderTarget(null); spriteBatch.Begin(0, BlendState.Additive, SamplerState.PointWrap, DepthStencilState.Default, RasterizerState.CullNone, grayScale); Texture2D temp = (Texture2D)renderTarget; grayScale.Parameters["coloredTexture"].SetValue(temp); grayScale.CurrentTechnique = grayScale.Techniques["Grayscale"]; foreach (EffectPass pass in grayScale.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { pass.Apply(); } spriteBatch.Draw(temp, new Vector2(GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferWidth/2, GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferHeight/2), null, Color.White, 0f, new Vector2(renderTarget.Width/2, renderTarget.Height/2), 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0f); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } Another edit: figured out what I was doing wrong. I have Blendstate.Additive in the spriteBatch.Draw() call. It should be Blendstate.Opaque, or it literally tries to add the blank blue image to the grayscale image.

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