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• Doing a passable 4X game AI

  - by Extrakun

  I am coding a rather "simple" 4X game (if a 4X game can be simple). It's indie in scope, and I am wondering if there's anyway to come up with a passable AI without having me spending months coding on it. The game has three major decision making portions; spending of production points, spending of movement points and spending of tech points (basically there are 3 different 'currency', currency unspent at end of turn is not saved) Spend Production Points Upgrade a planet (increase its tech and production) Build ships (3 types) Move ships from planets to planets (costing Movement Points) Move to attack Move to fortify Research Tech (can partially research a tech i.e, as in Master of Orion) The plan for me right now is a brute force approach. There are basically 4 broad options for the player - Upgrade planet(s) to its his production and tech output Conquer as many planets as possible Secure as many planets as possible Get to a certain tech as soon as possible For each decision, I will iterate through the possible options and come up with a score; and then the AI will choose the decision with the highest score. Right now I have no idea how to 'mix decisions'. That is, for example, the AI wishes to upgrade and conquer planets at the same time. I suppose I can have another logic which do a brute force optimization on a combination of those 4 decisions.... At least, that's my plan if I can't think of anything better. Is there any faster way to make a passable AI? I don't need a very good one, to rival Deep Blue or such, just something that has the illusion of intelligence. This is my first time doing an AI on this scale, so I dare not try something too grand too. So far I have experiences with FSM, DFS, BFS and A*

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• Accelerating 2d object collision with other objects [on hold]

  - by Silent Cave

  Making my very first attempt at game programming with SDL/OpenGL. So I made an object Actor witch can move in all four sides with acceleration. And there are bunch of other rectangles to collide to. the image Movement and collision detection alghorythms work just fine by itself, but when combined to prevent the green rectangle from crossing black rectangles, it gives me a kind of funny resault. Let me show you the code first: from Actor.h class Actor{ public: SDL_Rect * dim; alphaColor * col; float speed; float xlGrav, xrGrav, yuGrav, ydGrav; float acceleration; bool left,right,up,down; Actor(SDL_Rect * dim,alphaColor * col, float speed, float acceleration); bool colides(const SDL_Rect & rect); bool check_for_collisions(const std::vector<SDL_Rect*> & gameObjects ); }; from actor.cpp bool Actor::colides(const SDL_Rect & rect){ if (dim->x + dim->w < rect.x) return false; if (dim->x > rect.x + rect.w) return false; if (dim->y + dim->h < rect.y) return false; if (dim->y > rect.y + rect.h) return false; return true; } movement logic from main.cpp if (actor->left){ if(actor->xlGrav < actor->speed){ actor->xlGrav += actor->speed*actor->acceleration; }else actor->xlGrav = actor->speed; actor->dim->x -= actor->xlGrav; if(actor->check_for_collisions(gameObjects)){ actor->dim->x += actor->xlGrav; actor->xlGrav = 0; } } if (!actor->left){ if(actor->xlGrav - actor->speed*actor->acceleration > 0){ actor->xlGrav -= actor->speed*actor->acceleration; }else actor->xlGrav = 0; actor->dim->x -= actor->xlGrav; if(actor->check_for_collisions(gameObjects)){ actor->dim->x += actor->xlGrav; actor->xlGrav = 0; } } if (actor->right){ if(actor->xrGrav < actor->speed){ actor->xrGrav += actor->speed*actor->acceleration; }else actor->xrGrav = actor->speed; actor->dim->x += actor->xrGrav; if(actor->check_for_collisions(gameObjects)){ actor->dim->x -= actor->xrGrav; actor->xrGrav = 0; } } if (!actor->right){ if(actor->xrGrav - actor->speed*actor->acceleration > 0){ actor->xrGrav -= actor->speed*actor->acceleration; }else actor->xrGrav = 0; actor->dim->x += actor->xrGrav; if(actor->check_for_collisions(gameObjects)){ actor->dim->x -= actor->xrGrav; actor->xrGrav = 0; } } if (actor->up){ if(actor->yuGrav < actor->speed){ actor->yuGrav += actor->speed*actor->acceleration; }else actor->yuGrav = actor->speed; actor->dim->y -= actor->yuGrav; if(actor->check_for_collisions(gameObjects)){ actor->dim->y += actor->yuGrav; actor->yuGrav = 0; } } if (!actor->up){ if(actor->yuGrav - actor->speed*actor->acceleration > 0){ actor->yuGrav -= actor->speed*actor->acceleration; }else actor->yuGrav = 0; actor->dim->y -= actor->yuGrav; if(actor->check_for_collisions(gameObjects)){ actor->dim->y += actor->yuGrav; actor->yuGrav = 0; } } if (actor->down){ if(actor->ydGrav < actor->speed){ actor->ydGrav += actor->speed*actor->acceleration; }else actor->ydGrav = actor->speed; actor->dim->y += actor->ydGrav; if(actor->check_for_collisions(gameObjects)){ actor->dim->y -= actor->ydGrav; actor->ydGrav = 0; } } if (!actor->down){ if(actor->ydGrav - actor->speed*actor->acceleration > 0){ actor->ydGrav -= actor->speed*actor->acceleration; }else actor->ydGrav = 0; actor->dim->y += actor->ydGrav; if(actor->check_for_collisions(gameObjects)){ actor->dim->y -= actor->ydGrav; actor->ydGrav = 0; } } So, if the green box approaches an obstacle from up or left, everything goes as planned - object stops, and it's acceleration drops to zero. But if it comes from bottom or right, it enters into obstacles inner space and starts strangely dance, I'd rather say move in inverted controls. What do I fail to see?

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• Circle to Circle collision, checking each circle against all others

  - by user14861

  I'm currently coding a little circle to circle collision demo but I've got a little stuck. I think I currently have the code to detect collision but I'm not sure how to loop through my list of circles and check them off against one another. Collision check code: public static Vector2 GetIntersectionDepth(Circle a, Circle b) { float xValue = a.Center.X - b.Center.X; float yValue = a.Center.Y - b.Center.Y; Vector2 depth = Vector2.Zero; float distance = Vector2.Distance(a.Center, b.Center); if (a.Radius + b.Radius > distance) { float result = (a.Radius + b.Radius) - distance; depth.X = (float)Math.Cos(result); depth.Y = (float)Math.Sin(result); } return depth; } Loop through code: Vector2 depth = Vector2.Zero; for (int i = 0; i < bounds.Count; i++) for (int j = i+1; j < bounds.Count; j++) { depth = CircleToCircleIntersection.GetIntersectionDepth(bounds[i], bounds[j]); } Clearly I'm a complete newbie, wondering if anyone can give any suggestions or point out my errors, thanks in advance. :)

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• Loading and drawing materials using Lib3ds

  - by Dfowj

  Hey all, i'm currently using Lib3ds to load models into my C++/OpenGL project. So far, i've been follow the model loading tutorial found here. The tutorial gives a good example of how to draw the vertices and normals using VBO's, but so far i've been lost as how to do the same thing with materials. Could i get an explanation/example of how to both load and draw materials of my meshes using Lib3ds and OpenGL?

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• Impact of variable-length loops on GPU shaders

  - by Will

  Its popular to render procedural content inside the GPU e.g. in the demoscene (drawing a single quad to fill the screen and letting the GPU compute the pixels). Ray marching is popular: This means the GPU is executing some unknown number of loop iterations per pixel (although you can have an upper bound like maxIterations). How does having a variable-length loop affect shader performance? Imagine the simple ray-marching psuedocode: t = 0.f; while(t < maxDist) { p = rayStart + rayDir * t; d = DistanceFunc(p); t += d; if(d < epsilon) { ... emit p return; } } How are the various mainstream GPU families (Nvidia, ATI, PowerVR, Mali, Intel, etc) affected? Vertex shaders, but particularly fragment shaders? How can it be optimised?

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• Any 3D, Isometric, RPG oriented engines?

  - by Don Quixote

  I was wondering if there are any game engines out there that are oriented towards isometric, 3D RPGs such as Diablo 3, Torchlight, Magika, etc.. Most engines I found so far are either oriented towards FPS, such as Cry Engine and UDK, or are far too generic, such as the Irrlicht engine, which will add what I think is unnecessary work on the engine instead of the game. Any chance there are any engines out there that are crafted to be more suitable for RPGs? I would prefer they be in Java, since it's more my forte, but beggars can't be choosers, so C++ is great as well! Thank you.

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• Good 3D Game Engine for the Horror Genre [on hold]

  - by James Wassall

  I am starting to think about and design (pencil drawings) a simple, horror game. I'm in need of a good engine which supports features like Dynamic Lighting (for a characters flashlight) and dynamic shadows. My first choice was obviously Unity3D, as its free and is (supposedly) the easiest to use. However, I believe that a lot of features are locked for the Pro version (a $1500 investment). Is there any good, free engines that support dynamic events? I have read a lot of posts recommending the Source engine but I don't want to make a mod, I would like to make a fully featured standalone game. I'm not looking for opinions on "Which engine you prefer" or "Which engine do you use", all I would like is to be presented with the facts. -James

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• Event Driven Communication in Game Engine - Yes or No?

  - by Bunkai.Satori

  As I am reading book Game Coding Complete (http://www.amazon.com/Game-Coding-Complete-Third-McShaffry/dp/1584506806/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1295978774&sr=8-1), the author recommend Event Driven communication among the all game objects and modules. Basicaly, all the living game actors and object should communicate with the key modules (Physics, AI, Game Logic, Game View, etc..) via internal event messaging system. This would mean designing efficient event manager as well. My question is, whether this is proven and recommended approach. If it is not properly designed, it might mean consuming a lot of CPU cycles, which can be used elsewhere. This is especially true, if the game is targetted for mobile platform. What is your opinion and recommendation, please?

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• Collision with CCSprite

  - by Coder404

  I'm making an iOS app based off the code from here In the .m file of the tutorial is this: -(void)update:(ccTime)dt { NSMutableArray *projectilesToDelete = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; for (CCSprite *projectile in _projectiles) { CGRect projectileRect = CGRectMake( projectile.position.x - (projectile.contentSize.width/2), projectile.position.y - (projectile.contentSize.height/2), projectile.contentSize.width, projectile.contentSize.height); NSMutableArray *targetsToDelete = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; for (CCSprite *target in _targets) { CGRect targetRect = CGRectMake( target.position.x - (target.contentSize.width/2), target.position.y - (target.contentSize.height/2), target.contentSize.width, target.contentSize.height); if (CGRectIntersectsRect(projectileRect, targetRect)) { [targetsToDelete addObject:target]; } } for (CCSprite *target in targetsToDelete) { [_targets removeObject:target]; [self removeChild:target cleanup:YES]; } if (targetsToDelete.count > 0) { [projectilesToDelete addObject:projectile]; } [targetsToDelete release]; } for (CCSprite *projectile in projectilesToDelete) { [_projectiles removeObject:projectile]; [self removeChild:projectile cleanup:YES]; } [projectilesToDelete release]; } I am trying to take away the projectiles and have the app know when the CCSprite "Player" and the targets collide. Could someone help me with this? Thanks

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• What can make a peaceful game successful?

  - by Miro

  Today, the most successful games are action games like FPS, RPG, MMORPG... I'd like to make peaceful game, but I don't know how to attract people. I can make good graphics, but that's not the main thing that makes people like game more that couple of minutes. The content is important. In game styles mentioned in beginning are main content fight, kill others, make from yourself predator/the most powerful creature/player in the game. But what content can attract people in peaceful game?

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• Box2d world width and height ratio with screen width and height

  - by Sujith

  I have view, for example GameView which extends SurfaceView . I have integrated Box2D physics in GameView. I have two widths , GameView width, height and Box2D physics world width ,height. I need to get the position of box2d world with the GameView co-ordinates. For example, Total width of screen = 240 Total height of screen = 320 Screen points needed to be mapped onto box2d co-ordinates (x,y) = 127, 139 For this i need to get the max width and height of the Box2d physics world. Is there is any way to get the max width and height of Box2d world. or Can i limit the width and height of box2d world within the screen resolution.

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• Basic AI FSM - Handling state transition

  - by Galvanize

  I'm starting to study on how to implement game AI, and it seems to me that a very simple FSM for my Pong demo would be a nice way to start. My vision on implementing this would be to have a basic state interface and a class for each state, then the NPC would have an instance of the current state. The class should have an update method and directions on wich state to go next, depending on the event received. The question is: How do I handle this event? Should I have a regular addEventListener and a costum event system? Or should I check on update for the things that could change the current state? I'm feeling a bit lost, I feel I have a good grasp on the FSM concept but a good implementation seems tricky, thanks in advance.

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• Rotations and Origins

  - by Theodore Enderby

  I was hoping someone could explain to me, or help me understand, the math behind rotations and origins. I'm working on a little top down space sim and I can rotate my ship just how I want it. Now, when I get my blasters going it'd be nice if they shared the same rotation. Here's a picture. and here's some code! blast.X = ship.X+5; blast.Y = ship.Y; blast.RotationAngle = ship.RotationAngle; blast.Origin = new Vector2(ship.Origin.X,ship.Origin.Y); I add five so the sprite adds up when facing right. I tried adding five to the blast origin but no go. Any help is much appreciated

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• Virtual screen size with libgdx and GLES 2

  - by David Saltares Márquez

  I've been trying to use a virtual screen size for my libgdx desktop-android game. I'd like to always use a 16:9 aspect ratio but with a virtual screen size so everything would adapt automatically depending on the device size. This post illustrates the process pretty well but my game crashes when camera.apply(Gdx.Gl10) is called. This is because I'm using GLES 2.0 (for not having to use multiple of 2 texture sizes). As stated in the OrthographicCamera doc, the apply method only works with GLES 1 and GLES 1.1. Is there another way of applying my GL transformation to the camera so I can use a virtual screen resolution? Having to resize everything manually it's a total pain. Thanks a lot.

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• Interactive Fiction engine and Tech Support - has anyone done this? [on hold]

  - by Larry G. Wapnitsky

  I've always been a big fan of Interactive Fiction and have been wanting to try my hand at it for a while. I have a need to create a decision tree for my tech support group (L1-L3) and feel as though presenting a decision tree in the form of an IF game would be rather interesting and helpful. I plan on using Inform7, but am curious if anyone has done anything like this in the past. If so, can you present examples, links to examples, opinions? Thanks, Larry

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• Confusion with Libgdx UI

  - by BrotherJack

  I've started with Libgdx and am currently stumbling about trying to understand how to set up the interface. I have generated the base projects in Eclipse ( < proj-name ,< proj-name -android, < proj-name -desktop, < proj-name -html), and can get the program to display a simple background, play a looping sound file, and draw a tank. I have been having some problems implementing the UI though. I want to make a collapsible interface bar at the bottom of the screen that would contain buttons for movement, and selecting weapons. I'm confused since there appears to be several ways of doing this and the documentation (or tutorials explaining it) tend to be obsolete. How would one go about this? Use a stage for the bar and actors for the widgets? I'm a little lost on this.

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• How to get warnings when compiling fx files

  - by jdv-Jan de Vaan

  When I compile DirectX shaders (.fx files), I dont see any compiler warnings unless there was an error in the effect. This happens both when using the offline FXC compiler, as well as calling SlimDx's CompileEffect (which is what we normally do). I could force warnings as errors (/WX), but if you enable that, you get an error that compilation failed, without the warning that caused the problem. So how can I output warnings for shaders that compile properly?

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• Pixel perfect collision with paths (Android)

  - by keysersoze

  Hi I'm writing a game and I'm trying to do some pixel perfect collisions with paths. The player's character has a bitmask which looks for example like this: Currenly my code that handles player's collision with path looks like this: private boolean isTerrainCollisionDetected() { if(collisionRegion.op(player.getBounds(), terrain.getBottomPathBounds(), Region.Op.INTERSECT) || collisionRegion.op(player.getBounds(), terrain.getTopPathBounds(), Region.Op.INTERSECT)) { collisionRegion.getBounds(collisionRect); for(int i = collisionRect.left; i < collisionRect.right; i++) { for(int j = collisionRect.top; j < collisionRect.bottom; j++) { if(player.getBitmask().getPixel(i - player.getX(), j - player.getY()) != Color.TRANSPARENT) { return true; } } } } return false; } The problem is that collisions aren't pixel perfect. It detects collisions in situations like this: The question is: what can I do to improve my collision detection?

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• Is it normal to these Xcode prompts/errors when you deploy to IOS Simulator from Unity?

  - by Greg

  Just trying out the IOS build process.... Is it normal to see: Q1 - "upgrade to latest project format - project currently in Xcode 3.1 format, this will upgrade to 3.2" - just click OK and let Xcode do it's stuff? Q2 - same as Q1 but this time for the message "Remove obsolete build settings - will remove the build setting PREBINDING" Q3 - also when deploying to "Lastest IOS Simulator" you get the Simulator target produced, but also a non-simulator target which has lots of errors. So I assume you just ignore this target and not use it in Xcode correct? (i.e. just use the simulator target that is produced) Q4 - get a lot of warning after the simulator target is built? program works ok however.... Images For Q1 and Q2: For Q4: Settings used in Unity: Errors I see in XCode:

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• Starting out with OpenGL when most tutorials are out of date

  - by AUTO

  I'm sure there are already a bunch of questions like this asked, but the constant updating of the OpenGL library throws them all away, and in a month or two, the answers here will be worthless again. I am ready to start programming in OpenGL using C++. I've got a working compiler (DevCpp; do NOT ask me to switch to VC++, and don't ask me why). Now I'm just looking for a solid tutorial on how to program with OpenGL. My assistant found the tutorial provided by NeHe Productions, but as I've come to find out, it's WAY OUT OF DATE! (although I did pull together a basic window to support an OpenGL canvas) Then I went online, and found the OpenGL SuperBible, which apparently uses freeglut? But what I'd like to know is whether or not SuperBible 5th edition is up to date any longer. The suggestion to freeglut I found said the latest version was 2.6.0 but now it's 2.8.0! Is the OpenGL SuperBible still a good, and fairly up-to-date place to start? Is there a better place to go to learn OpenGL? Am I allowed to simply store freeglut in the DevCpp include directory (maybe in GL), or is there some important procedure? Are there any comments or suggestions that I didn't think to ask since I'm only just beginning? @dreta cleared some things up for me, so now I have a better idea of what to ask: I think I'd like to start out with OpenGL using a wrapper library instead of directly accessing OpenGL.I just think that, for a beginner, it would be easier for me to program and get good results, while I don't yet have to understand all the grimy details (as @stephelton mentioned). The problem is, I can't find any library that doesn't have undefined references to no longer supported functions. Freeglut sounds operational, but it still uses GLU.Does anyone know what I can do?Also, I tried compiling the first SuperBible's source, but I got errors since GLAPI is not being defined as a type, the error originating in the GLU library. I'd like to use the SuperBible, but I don't know how to fix this.

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• Understanding Box2d Restitution & Bouncing

  - by layzrr

  I'm currently trying to implement basketball bouncing into my game using Box2d (jBox2d technically), but I'm a bit confused about restitution. While trying to create the ball in the testbed first, I've run into infinite bouncing, as described in this question, however obviously not using my own implementation. The Box2d manual describes restitution as follows: Restitution is used to make objects bounce. The restitution value is usually set to be between 0 and 1. Consider dropping a ball on a table. A value of zero means the ball won't bounce. This is called an inelastic collision. A value of one means the ball's velocity will be exactly reflected. This is called a perfectly elastic collision. My confusion lies in that I am still getting infinite bouncing with restitution values at 0.75/0.8. The same behavior can be seen in the testbed under Collision Watching - Varying Restitution, on the 6th and 7th balls. I believe the last one has restitution of 1, which makes sense, but I don't understand why the second to last ball bounces infinitely (as is happening with my working basketball I've created). I am looking to understand the restitution concept more fully, as well as look for a solution to infinite bouncing with the Box2d framework. My instinct was to sleep objects that appeared to be moving in very small increments, but this seems like a misuse of the engine. Should I just work with lower restitution values altogether?

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• circle - rectangle collision in 2D, most efficient way

  - by john smith

  Suppose I have a circle intersecting a rectangle, what is ideally the least cpu intensive way between the two? method A calculate rectangle boundaries loop through all points of the circle and, for each of those, check if inside the rect. method B calculate rectangle boundaries check where the center of the circle is, compared to the rectangle make 9 switch/case statements for the following positions: top, bottom, left, right top left, top right, bottom left, bottom right inside rectangle check only one distance using the circle's radius depending on where the circle happens t be. I know there are other ways that are definitely better than these two, and if could point me a link to them, would be great but, exactly between those two, which one would you consider to be better, regarding both performance and quality/precision? Thanks in advance.

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• improve Collision detection memory usage (blocks with bullets)

  - by Eddy

  i am making a action platform 2D game, something like Megaman. I am using XNA to make it. already made player phisics,collisions, bullets, enemies and AIs, map editor, scorolling X Y camera (about 75% of game is finished ). as i progressed i noticed that my game would be more interesting to play if bullets would be destroyed on collision with regular(stationary ) map blocks, only problem is that if i use my collision detection (each bullet with each block) sometimes it begins to lag(btw if my bullet exits the screen player can see it is removed from bullet list) So how to improve my collision detection so that memory usage would be so high? :) ( on a map 300x300 blocks for example don't think that bigger map should be made); int block = 0; int bulet= 0; bool destroy_bullet = false; while (bulet < bullets.Count) { while (block < blocks.Count) { if (bullets[bulet].P_Bul_rec.Intersects( blocks[block].rect)) {//bullets and block are Lists that holds objects of bullet and block classes //P_Bul_rec just bullet rectangle destroy_bullet = true; } block++; } if (destroy_bullet) { bullets.RemoveAt(bulet); destroy_bullet = false; } else { bulet++; } block = 0; }

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• How to create an Orthographic display in OpenGL (ES) that handles different screen sizes and orientations?

  - by Piku

  I'm trying to create an iPad/iPhone game using GLES2.0 that contains a 3D scene with a heads-up-display/GUI overlaid on the top. However, this problem would also apply if I were to port my game to a computer and run the game in a resizable window, or allow the user to change screen resolutions... When trying to make the 2D GUI/HUD work I've made the assumption that all I'm really doing is drawing a load of 2D textured 'quads' on the screen and am trying to treat the orthographic projection as an old-style 2D display with 0,0 in the upper left and screenWidth,ScreenHeight in the lower right. This causes me all sorts of confusion when I rotate my ipad into Landscape mode since I can't work out what to put into my projection and modelview matrices to turn everything around the right way. It also gets messy if I want to support the iPad's large screen, an iPhone or a Retina display since I have to then draw three sets of textures for everything and work out which ones to use. Should I be trying to map the 2D OpenGL co-ords 1:1 with the screen? While typing out this question it occurs to me that I could keep my origin in the centre, still running -1/+1 along the axes. This would let me scale my 2D content appropriately on the different screen sizes, but wouldn't I end up with the textures being scaled and possibly losing quality? I'm using OpenGLES 2.0 and have a matrix library that has equivalents to the GLES1.1 glOrthof() and glFrustrum() calls.

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• Android : glowing/pulsing line/triangle

  - by AndroidGecko

  I would like to create a simple Android app using Opengl ES 2.0 that is showing a simple shape (like line or triangle) that is glowing and pulsing like Nexus X logo in this video : http://youtu.be/jBKVAfZUFqI?t=59s What should I look for? So far I googled around for glowing effects and found techniques like "bloom" or "additive blending". Are they relevant here? how I would implement pulsing glow with them? Any links to relevant works very appreciated Thanks! P.S - I am very familiar with Android SDK; just started with OpenGL ES

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