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• Proper way to encapsulate a Shader into different modules

  - by y7haar

  I am planning to build a Shader system which can be accessed through different components/modules in C++. Each component has its own functionality like transform-relevated stuff (handle the MVP matrix, ...), texture handler, light calculation, etc... So here's an example: I would like to display an object which has a texture and a toon shading material applied and it should be moveable. So I could write ONE shading program that handles all 3 functionalities and they are accessed through 3 different components (texture-handler, toon-shading, transform). This means I have to take care of feeding a GLSL shader with different uniforms/attributes. This implies to know all necessary uniform locations and attribute locations, that the GLSL shader owns. And it would also necessary to provide different algorithms to calculate the value for each input variable. Similar functions would be grouped together in one component. A possible way would be, to wrap all shaders in a own definition file written in JSON/XML and parse that file in C++ to get all input members and create and compile the resulting GLSL. But maybe there is another way that is not so complex? So I'm searching for a way to build a system like that, but I'm not sure yet which is the best approach.

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• I enabled and setup glBlendFunc, but my texture has a white outline. What am I doing wrong?

  - by vinzBad

  You can see most of my source code in this question: Instead of the specified Texture, black circles on a green background are getting rendered. Why? Now I have the problem, that my texture has a white outline on its transparent parts. After googling and setting up glBlendFunc, the outline just got "softer". This is how it looks like: This is how I now setup OpenGL: public static void SetupGL() { GL.Enable(EnableCap.Blend); GL.BlendFunc(BlendingFactorSrc.SrcAlpha, BlendingFactorDest.OneMinusSrcAlpha); GL.Enable(EnableCap.Texture2D); GL.Hint(HintTarget.PerspectiveCorrectionHint, HintMode.Nicest); }

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• 3D collision physics. Response when hitting wall, floor or roof

  - by GlamCasvaluir

  I am having problem with the most basic physic response when the player collide with static wall, floor or roof. I have a simple 3D maze, true means solid while false means air: bool bMap[100][100][100]; The player is a sphere. I have keys for moving x++, x--, y++, y-- and diagonal at speed 0.1f (0.1 * ftime). The player can also jump. And there is gravity pulling the player down. Relative movement is saved in: relx, rely and relz. One solid cube on the map is exactly 1.0f width, height and depth. The problem I have is to adjust the player position when colliding with solids, I don't want it to bounce or anything like that, just stop. But if moving diagonal left/up and hitting solid up, the player should continue moving left, sliding along the wall. Before moving the player I save the old player position: oxpos = xpos; oypos = ypos; ozpos = zpos; vec3 direction; direction = vec3(relx, rely, relz); xpos += direction.x*ftime; ypos += direction.y*ftime; zpos += direction.z*ftime; gx = floor(xpos+0.25); gy = floor(ypos+0.25); gz = floor(zpos+0.25); if (bMap[gx][gy][gz] == true) { vec3 normal = vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0); // <- Problem. vec3 invNormal = vec3(-normal.x, -normal.y, -normal.z) * length(direction * normal); vec3 wallDir = direction - invNormal; xpos = oxpos + wallDir.x; ypos = oypos + wallDir.y; zpos = ozpos + wallDir.z; } The problem with my version is that I do not know how to chose the correct normal for the cube side. I only have the bool array to look at, nothing else. One theory I have is to use old values of gx, gy and gz, but I do not know have to use them to calculate the correct cube side normal.

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• What should I do if my text exceeds my text render target boundaries?

  - by user1423893

  I have a method for drawing strings in 3D that does the following: Set a render target Draw each character as a quadrangle using a orthographic projection to the render target Unset the render target Draw the render target texture using a perspective projection and a world transform My problem is how to deal with strings whose characters length exceeds that of the render target dimensions? For example if I have string "This is a reallllllllllly long string" and the render target can't accommodate it, it will only capture "This is a realllll". The render target (and its size) could be set each frame but wouldn't that be far too costly?

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• Changing the rendering resolution while maintaining the design layout

  - by Coyote

  I would like to increase the FPS of my project. Currently I would like to try reducing the resolution at which the scenes are rendered. Let's say I never want to draw more than 1280*720. What ever the real resolution is. How should I proceed? I tried pEGLView->setFrameSize(1280, 720); but only reduces the displayed size of the frame on screen (boxing). In my activity I tried setting the size of the "surface" but this seems to completely break the layout (as defined by setDesignResolutionSize). @Override public Cocos2dxGLSurfaceView onCreateView() { Cocos2dxGLSurfaceView surfaceView = new Cocos2dxGLSurfaceView(this); surfaceView.getHolder().setFixedSize(1280, 720); return surfaceView; } Is there a way to simply change the rendered

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• Drawing a texture line between two vectors in XNA WP7

  - by Krav

  I want to create a simple graph maker in WP7. The goal is to draw a texture line between two vectors what the user defines with touch. I already made the rotation, and it is working, but not correctly, because it doesn't calculate the line's texture height, and because of that, there are too many overlapping textures. So it does draw the line, but too many of them. How could I calculate it correctly? Here is the code: public void DrawLine(Vector2 st,Vector2 dest,NodeUnit EdgeParent,NodeUnit EdgeChild) { float d = Vector2.Distance(st, dest); float rotate = (float)(Math.Atan2(st.Y - dest.Y, st.X - dest.X)); direction = new Vector2(((dest.X - st.X) / (float)d), (dest.Y - st.Y) / (float)d); Vector2 _pos = st; World.TheHive.Add(new LineHiveMind(linetexture, _pos, rotate, EdgeParent, EdgeChild,new List<LineUnit>())); for (int i = 0; i < d; i++) { World.TheHive.Last()._lines.Add(new LineUnit(linetexture, _pos, rotate, EdgeParent, EdgeChild)); _pos += direction; } } d is for the Distance of the st (Starting node) and dest (Destination node) rotate is for rotation direction calculates the direction between the starting and the destination node _pos is for starting position changing Thanks for any suggestions/help!

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• Is there a (family of) monotonically non-decreasing noise function(s)?

  - by Joe Wreschnig

  I'd like a function to animate an object moving from point A to point B over time, such that it reaches B at some fixed time, but its position at any time is randomly perturbed in a continuous fashion, but never goes backwards. The objects move along straight lines, so I only need one dimension. Mathematically, that means I'm looking for some continuous f(x), x ? [0,1], such that: f(0) = 0 f(1) = 1 x < y ? f(x) = f(y) At "most" points f(x + d) - f(x) bears no obvious relation to d. (The function is not uniformly increasing or otherwise predictable; I think that's also equivalent to saying no degree of derivative is a constant.) Ideally, I would actually like some way to have a family of these functions, providing some seed state. I'd need at least 4 bits of seed (16 possible functions), for my current use, but since that's not much feel free to provide even more. To avoid various issues with accumulation errors, I'd prefer the function not require any kind of internal state. That is, I want it to be a real function, not a programming "function".

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• When to use Euler vs Axis angles vs Quaternions?

  - by manning18

  I understand the theory behind each but I was wondering if people could share their experiences in when one would use one over the other For instance, if you were implementing a chase camera, a FPS-style mouse look or writing some kinematic routine, what would be the factors you consider to go with one type over the other and when might you need to convert from one form of representation to the other? Are there certain things that only one system can do that the others can't? (eg smooth interpolation with quaternions)

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• Continuous Integration, what are the strategies to manage binary content?

  - by sebas

  Currently we are testing various configurations between Feature Branching and CI with Feature toggling. I can see there are several viable options out there for the code, but I also know that CI totally relies on the possibility to merge the code. So I wonder, how do you manage CI with binary data, like art assets? I can also see another problem: all the code can be tested before to commit, I can even validate the data before to commit, but how can I test the art?! Should I use another methodology for art content?

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• 3D array in a 2D array

  - by Smallbro

  Currently I've been using a 3D array for my tiles in a 2D world but the 3D side comes in when moving down into caves and whatnot. Now this is not memory efficient and I switched over to a 2D array and can now have much larger maps. The only issue I'm having now is that it seems that my tiles cannot occupy the same space as a tile on the same z level. My current structure means that each block has its own z variable. This is what it used to look like: map.blockData[x][y][z] = new Block(); however now it works like this map.blockData[x][y] = new Block(z); I'm not sure why but if I decide to use the same space on say the floor below it wont allow me to. Does anyone have any ideas on how I can add a z-axis to my 2D array? I'm using java but I reckon the concept carries across different languages.

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• Drawing Shape in DebugView (Farseer)

  - by keyvan kazemi

  As the title says, I need to draw a shape/polygon in Farseer using debugview. I have this piece of code which converts a Texture to polygon: //load texture that will represent the tray trayTexture = Content.Load<Texture2D>("tray"); //Create an array to hold the data from the texture uint[] data = new uint[trayTexture.Width * trayTexture.Height]; //Transfer the texture data to the array trayTexture.GetData(data); //Find the vertices that makes up the outline of the shape in the texture Vertices verts = PolygonTools.CreatePolygon(data, trayTexture.Width, false); //Since it is a concave polygon, we need to partition it into several smaller convex polygons _list = BayazitDecomposer.ConvexPartition(verts); Vector2 vertScale = new Vector2(ConvertUnits.ToSimUnits(1)); foreach (Vertices verti in _list) { verti.Scale(ref vertScale); } tray = BodyFactory.CreateCompoundPolygon(MyWorld, _list, 10); Now in DebugView I guess I have to use "DrawShape" method which requires: DrawShape(Fixture fixture, Transform xf, Color color) My question is how can I get the variables needed for this method, namely Fixture and Transform?

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• More efficient in range checking

  - by Mob

  I am going to use a specific example in my question, but overall it is pretty general. I use java and libgdx. I have a ship that moves through space. In space there is debris that the ship can tractor beam in and and harvest. Debris is stored in a list, and the object contains it own x and y values. So currently there is no way to to find the debris's location without first looking at the debris object. Now at any given time there can be a huge (1000+) amount of debris in space, and I figure that calculating the distance between the ship and every single piece of debris and comparing it to maximum tractor beam length is rather inefficient. I have thought of dividing space into sectors, and have each sector contain a list of every object in it. This way I could only check nearby sectors. However this essentially doubles memory for the list. (I would reference the same object so it wouldn't double overall. I am not CS major, but I doubt this would be hugely significant.) This also means anytime an object moves it has to calculate which sector it is in, again not a huge problem. I also don't know if I can use some sort of 2D MAP that uses x and y values as keys. But since I am using float locations this sounds more trouble than its worth. I am kind of new to programming games, and I imagined there would be some eloquent solution to this issue.

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• Translating an object along its heading

  - by Kuros

  I am working on a simulation that requires me to have several objects moving around in 3D space (text output of their current position on the grid and heading is fine, I do not need graphics), and I am having some trouble getting objects to move along their relative headings. I have a basic understanding of vectors and matrices. I am using a vector to represent their position, and I am also using Euler Angles. I can translate one of my entities with a matrix along whatever axis, and I can alter their heading. For example, if I have an entity at (order is XYZ) 1, 1, 1, with a heading of 0, I can apply a translation matrix to get them to talk to 1, 1, 2 fine. However, if I change their heading to 270, they still walk to 1, 1, 3, instead of 2, 1, 2 as I desire. I have a feeling that my problem lies in not translating my matrix from world space to object space, but I am not sure how to go about that. How can I do this? Addition: I am using 3D vectors to represent their current position and their heading (using the three euler angles). For now, all I want to do is have an entity walk in a square, reporting their current position at each step. So, assuming it starts at 10, 10, 10 I want it to walk as follows: 10,10,10 -> 10, 10, 15 10, 10, 15 -> 5, 10, 15 5, 10, 15 -> 5, 10, 10 5, 10, 10 -> 10, 10, 10 My 1 Z unit translation matrix is as follows: [1 0 0 0] [0 1 0 0] [0 0 1 1] [0 0 0 1] My rotation matrix is as follows: [0 0 1 0] [0 1 0 0] [-1 0 0 0] [0 0 0 1]

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• Input prediction and server re-simultaion

  - by Lope

  I have read plenty of articles about multiplayer principles and I have basic client-server system set up. There is however one thing I am not clear on. When player enters input, it is sent to the server and steps back in time to check if what should have happened at the time of that input and it resimulates the world again. So far everything's clear. All articles took shooting as an example, because it is easy to explain and it is pretty straightforward, but I believe movement is more complicated. Imagine following situation: 2 players move towards each other. A------<------B Player A stops halfway towards the collision point, but there is lag spike so the command does not arrive on the server for a second or so. Current state of the world on the server (and on the other clients as well) at the time when input arrives is this: [1]: -------AB------- The command arrives and we go back in time and re-simulate the world, the result is this: [2]: ---AB----------- Player A sees situation [2] which is correct, but the player is suddenly teleported from the position in [1] (center) to the position in [2]. Is this how this is supposed to work? Point of the client prediction is to give lagged player feeling that everything is smooth, not to ruin experience for other players. Alternative is to discard timestamp on the player's input and handle it when it arrives on the server without going back in time. This, however, creates even more severe problems for lagged player (even if he is lagging just a bit)

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• What data-structure/algorithm will allow me to send a list of key/value dictionaries using the least amount of bits?

  - by user12365

  I have server objects that have corresponding client objects. The data to be kept in sync is inside the server object's key/value dictionary. To keep the client objects in sync with the sever objects, I want the server to send the key/value dictionary every frame for each object. What data-structure/algorithm will allow me to send a list of key/value dictionaries using the least amount of bits? Bonus constraint 1: For each type of object, the values of some keys change more often than others. Bonus constraint 2: Memory usage on the server side is relatively expensive.

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• Can i place a image as a map and then code a grid over the top of it?

  - by kraze

  what i'm trying to do is make a huge map, best way i found is just make a big map and save it as a image... can i code a grid over the top so i can implement tile based movement for my character? afterwards place collision tiles so they can't move to certain spots. btw this is in visual studio 2010 using XNA Anyone able to explain the process of how i would do this and if its even viable? thanks for your help

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• Enabling and Disabling Colliders Unity

  - by Blue

  I'm trying to make the collider appear every 1 second. But I can't get the code write. I tried enabling the collider under a boolean and putting a yield to make it every second or so. But it's not working(gives me an error: Update() can not be a coroutine.). How would I fix this? Would I need a timer system and set the collider to be enabled every 'x' seconds and disabled every 'y' seconds? var waitTime : float = 1; var trigger : boolean = false; function Update () { if(!trigger){ collider.enabled = false; yield WaitForSeconds(waitTime); } if(trigger){ collider.enabled = true; yield WaitForSeconds(waitTime); } } }

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• OpenGL ES 2.0. Sprite Sheet Animation

  - by Project Dumbo Dev

  I've found a bunch of tutorials on how to make this work on Open GL 1 & 1.1 but I can't find it for 2.0. I would work it out by loading the texture and use a matrix on the vertex shader to move through the sprite sheet. I'm looking for the most efficient way to do it. I've read that when you do the thing I'm proposing you are constantly changing the VBO's and that that is not good. Edit: Been doing some research myself. Came upon this two Updating Texture and referring to the one before PBO's. I can't use PBO's since i'm using ES version of OpenGL so I suppose the best way is to make FBO's but, what I still don't get, is if I should create a Sprite atlas/batch and make a FBO/loadtexture for each frame of if I should load every frame into the buffer and change just de texture directions.

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• Cocos-2D asteroids style movement (iOS)

  - by bwheeler96

  So I have a CCSprite subclass, well call this Spaceship. Spaceship needs to move on a loop, until I say othersise by calling a method. The method should look something like - (void)moveForeverAtVelocity { // method logic } The class Spaceship has two relevant iVars, resetPosition and targetPosition, the target is where we are headed, the reset is where we set to when we've hit our target. If they are both off-screen this creates a permanent looping effect. So for the logic, I have tried several things, such as CCMoveTo *move = [CCMoveTo actionWithDuration:2 position:ccp(100, 100)]; CCCallBlockN *repeat = [CCCallBlockN actionWithBlock: ^(CCNode *node) { [self moveForeverAtVelocity]; }]; [self runAction:[CCSequence actions: move, repeat, nil]]; self.position = self.resetPosition; recursively calling the moveForeverAtVelocity method. This is psuedo-code, so its not perfect. I have hard-coded some of the values for the sake of simplicity. Enough garble: The problem I am having, how can I make a method that loops forever, but can be called and reset at will. I'm running into issues with creating multiple instances of this method. If you can offer any assistance with creating this effect, that would be appreciated.

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• How to rotate a group of objects around a common center?

  - by user1662292

  I've made a model in 3D Studio Max 9. It consists of a variety of cubes, clyinders etc. In XNA I've imported the model okay and it shows correctly. However, when I apply rotation, each component in the model rotates around it's own centre. I want the model to rotate as a single unit. I've linked the components in 3D Max and they rotate as I want in Max. protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); model = Content.Load<Model>("Models/Alien1"); } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { camera.Update(1f, new Vector3(), graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.AspectRatio); rotation += 0.1f; base.Update(gameTime); } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); Matrix[] transforms = new Matrix[model.Bones.Count]; model.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(transforms); Matrix worldMatrix = Matrix.Identity; Matrix rotationYMatrix = Matrix.CreateRotationY(rotation); Matrix translateMatrix = Matrix.CreateTranslation(location); worldMatrix = rotationYMatrix * translateMatrix; foreach (ModelMesh mesh in model.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.World = worldMatrix * transforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index]; effect.View = camera.viewMatrix; effect.Projection = camera.projectionMatrix; effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.PreferPerPixelLighting = true; } mesh.Draw(); } base.Draw(gameTime); } More Info: Rotating the object via it's properties works fine so I'm guessing there's something up with the code rather than with the object itself. Translating the object also causes the objects to get moved independently of each other rather than as a single model and each piece becomes spread around the scene. The model is in .X format.

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• How do 2D physics engines solve the problem of resolving collisions along tiled walls/floors in non-grid-based worlds?

  - by ssb

  I've been working on implementing my SAT algorithm which has been coming along well, but I've found that I'm at a wall when it comes to its actual use. There are plenty of questions regarding this issue on this site, but most of them either have no clear, good answer or have a solution based on checking grid positions. To restate the problem that I and many others are having, if you have a tiled surface, like a wall or a floor, consisting of several smaller component rectangles, and you traverse along them with another rectangle with force being applied into that structure, there are cases where the object gets caught on a false collision on an edge that faces the inside of the shape. I have spent a lot of time thinking about how I could possibly solve this without having to resort to a grid-based system, and I realized that physics engines do this properly. What I want to know is how they do this. What do physics engines do beyond basic SAT that allows this kind of proper collision resolution in complex environments? I've been looking through the source code to Box2D trying to find out how they do it but it's not quite as easy as looking at a Collision() method. I think I'm not good enough at physics to know what they're doing mathematically and not good enough at programming to know what they're doing programmatically. This is what I aim to fix.

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• Should iOS games use a Timer?

  - by ????

  No matter what frameworks we use -- Core Graphics, Cocos2D, OpenGL ES -- to write games, should a timer be used (for games that has animation even when a user doesn't do any input, such as after firing a missile and waiting to see if the UFO is hit)? I read that NSTimer might not get fired until after scheduled time (interval), and CADisplayLink can delay and get fired at a later time as well, only that it tells you how late it is so you can move the object more, so it can make the object look like it skipped frame. Must we use a Timer? And if so, what is the best one to use?

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• How can I read from multiple textures in an OpenGL ES 2 shader?

  - by Peyman Tahghighi

  How can I enable more than one texture in OpenGL ES 2 so that I can sample from all of them in my shader? For example, I'm trying to read from two different textures in my shader for the player's car. This is how I'm currently dealing with the texture for my car: glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, this->texture2DObj); glUniform1i(1, 0); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, this->vertexBuffer); glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); int offset = 0; glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, this->vertexBufferSize,(const void *)offset); offset += 3 * sizeof(GLfloat); glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, this->vertexBufferSize, (const void*)offset); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, this->indexBuffer); glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, this->indexBufferSize, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0); glDisableVertexAttribArray(0); glDisableVertexAttribArray(1);

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• SDL_DisplayFormat works, but not SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha

  - by Bounderby

  The following code is intended to display a green square on a black background. It executes, but the green square does not show up. However, if I change SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha to SDL_DisplayFormat the square is rendered correctly. So what don't I understand? It seems to me that I am creating *surface with an alpha mask and I am using SDL_MapRGBA to map my green color, so it would be consistent to use SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha as well. (I removed error-checking for clarity, but none of the SDL API calls fail in this example.) #include <SDL.h> int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) { SDL_Init( SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING ); SDL_Surface *screen = SDL_SetVideoMode( 640, 480, 32, SDL_HWSURFACE | SDL_DOUBLEBUF ); SDL_Surface *temp = SDL_CreateRGBSurface( SDL_HWSURFACE, 100, 100, 32, 0, 0, 0, ( SDL_BYTEORDER == SDL_BIG_ENDIAN ? 0x000000ff : 0xff000000 ) ); SDL_Surface *surface = SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha( temp ); SDL_FreeSurface( temp ); SDL_FillRect( surface, &surface->clip_rect, SDL_MapRGBA( screen->format, 0x00, 0xff, 0x00, 0xff ) ); SDL_Rect r; r.x = 50; r.y = 50; SDL_BlitSurface( surface, NULL, screen, &r ); SDL_Flip( screen ); SDL_Delay( 1000 ); SDL_Quit(); return 0; }

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• What libgdx project files can I ignore from version control?

  - by Zhen

  In an automatically created libgdx project, what files can I safely tell Git (or other revision control systems) to ignore? I'm considering these: *-android/.settings/ *-android/bin/ *-desktop/.settings/ *-desktop/bin/ *-html/.settings/ *-html/gwt-unitCache/ *-html/war/WEB-INF/classes/ *-html/war/WEB-INF/deploy/ *-html/war/assets/ *-html/war/ */.settings/ */bin/ Am I missing some? Is there a complete list somewhere?

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