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  • Why do consoles have so little memory compared to classic computers?

    - by jokoon
    I remember the Playstation having 2MB ram and 1MB graphic memory. The Playstation 3 now has only 256MB ram and 256MB graphic memory, and I'm sure that the day the console was released, even laptop's "standard" capacity was at least 1GB. So why do they put so little memory in their machines, while developers would benefit a lot by having more ? Or is the memory that much faster than desktops and thus more expensive ? Or is it not that much worth it for developers ? What are the Sony/XBox/Nintendo engineers thinking that seems to be the same reason ?

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  • a flexible data structure for geometries

    - by AkiRoss
    What data structure would you use to represent meshes that are to be altered (e.g. adding or removing new faces, vertices and edges), and that have to be "studied" in different ways (e.g. finding all the triangles intersecting a certain ray, or finding all the triangles "visible" from a given point in the space)? I need to consider multiple aspects of the mesh: their geometry, their topology and spatial information. The meshes are rather big, say 500k triangles, so I am going to use the GPU when computations are heavy. I tried using arrays with vertices and arrays with indices, but I do not love adding and removing vertices from them. Also, using arrays totally ignore spatial and topological information, which I may need studying the mesh. So, I thought about using custom double-linked list data structures, but I believe doing so will require me to copy the data to array buffers before going on the GPU. I also thought about using BST, but not sure it fits. Any help is appreciated. If I have been too fuzzy and you require other information feel free to ask.

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  • How do I deal with the problems of a fast side-scroller?

    - by Ska
    I'm making a side scrolling airplane game and when I begin going very fast I begin to experience some problems as a player: Elements are not distinguishable, like power-ups from bullets, etc I start to feel dizzy and uncomfortable There isn't enough time to see what's coming How can I sort this out? Do I use less details in all the grahpics? Tiny Wings has the same horizontal movement speed as in my game but it doesn't suffer from these problems. Are there any other really fast side-scrollers I could take as a reference?

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  • Why isn't my other two constant buffers being updated to the shader?

    - by Paul Ske
    I posted previously before about my two dynamic buffers not being dynamically updating the constant shader. The tessellation buffer isn't working because I have to manually update the tessellation factor inside the hull shader. I believe the camera position isn't updating either because when I perform distance adaptation the far edges are more tessellated then the what's truly in front of the camera. I have all the buffers set to dynamic. Inside the render loop I have them set as: ID3D11Buffer *multiBuffers[3]; devcon->VSSetConstantBuffers(0,3,multiBuffers); ... devcon->DSSetConstantBuffers(0,3,multiBuffers); I only got that from a directX Sample. Inside the shader file I have the three cbuffer structs. cbuffer ConstantBuffer { float4x4 WorldMatrix; float4x4 viewMatrix; float4x4 projectionMatrix; float4x4 modelWorldMatrix; // the rotation matrix float3 lightvec; // the light's vector float4 lightcol; // the light's color float4 ambientcol; // the ambient light's color bool isSelected; } cbuffer cameraBuffer { float3 cameraDirection; float padding; } cbuffer TessellationBuffer { float tessellationAmount; float3 padding2; } Am I missing something or would anyone know why wouldn't my buffers update to the shader file?

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  • ScissorStack LIBGDX example?

    - by user36531
    I cant find a good resource/tutorial on how to do this. I would appreciate it if someone could provide a scissorstack example from an entity class. ie. using scissorstack on PlayerClass such that the map renders around the Player sprite, say 5 tiles. which would then allow me to create a Pawn class and apply same methodology to give a pawn sprite a lower number, like only rendering 1 tile around the location of the pawn.

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  • c++ most used libraries [on hold]

    - by Basaa
    I'm trying to find out whether or not I want to switch from Java to c++ for my OpenGL game programming. I now have setup a test project in VS 11 professional, with GLUT. I created my windows with GLUT, and I can render OpenGL primitives without any problems. Now my question: What library(s) is/are used mostly in the indie/semi professional industry for using OpenGL in c++? With 'using OpenGL' I mean: Creating and managing an OpenGL window Actually using the OpenGL API Handling user-input (keyboard/mouse)

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  • Splitting a tetris game apart - where to put time-management?

    - by nightcracker
    I am creating a tetris game in C++ & SDL, and I'm trying to do it "good" by making it object-oriented and keeping scopes small. So far I have the following structure: A main with some lowlevel SDL set up and handling input A game class that keeps track of score and provides the interface for main (move block down, etc) A map class that keeps track of the current game field, which blocks are where. Used by the game class. A block class that consists of the current falling block, used by game. A renderer class abstracting low level SDL to a format where you render "tetris blocks". Used by map and block. Now I have a though time where to place the time-management of this game. For example, where should be decided when a block bumps the bottom of the screen how long it takes the current block locks in place and a new block spawns? I also have an other unrelated question, is there some place where you can find some standard data on tetris like standard score tables, rulesets, timings, etc?

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  • RasterizerState set to null after calling DrawText in Nuclex

    - by ProgrammerAtWork
    I have the following code in XNA: // class members Text t1; Text t2; Text t3; // init // Debugfont is size 24 vectorfont t1 = MM.DebugFont24.Fill("hello"); t1 = MM.DebugFont24.Extrude("hello"); t2 = MM.DebugFont24.Fill("hello"); t2 = MM.DebugFont24.Extrude("hello"); t3 = MM.DebugFont24.Fill("hello"); t3 = MM.DebugFont24.Extrude("hello"); // Draw TextBatch test = new TextBatch(MM.GD); test.DrawText(t1, Color.Red); test.DrawText(t2, Color.Red); test.DrawText(t3, Color.Red); test.End(); //After the second call to the TextBatch, RasterizerState of the GraphicsDevice is set to null //But I don't get any runtime errors or any indication of that something is wrong. Is this supposed to happen? Or am I doing something wrong? I've discovered that this happened because culling was set to None when I was rendering textures

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  • Implementing my Entity System. Questions about some problems I have found.

    - by Notbad
    Hi!, Well during this week I have deciding about implementation of my entity system. It is a big topic so it has been difficult to take one option from the whole. This has been my decision: 1) I don't have an entity class it is just an id. 2) I have systems that contain a list of components (the list is homegenous, I mean, RenderSystem will just have RenderComponents). 3) Compones will be just data. 4) There would be some kind of "entity prototypes" in a manager or something from we will create entity instances.Ideally they will define the type of components it has and initialization data. 5) Prototype code to create an entity (this is from the top of my head): int id=World::getInstance()->createEntity("entity template"); 6) This will notify all systems that a new entity has been created, and if the entity needs a component that the system handles it will add it to the entity. Ok, this are the ideas. Let's see if some can help with the problems: 1) The main problem is this templates that are sent to the systems in creation process to populate the entity with needed components. What would you use, an OR(ed) int?, a list of strings?. 2) How to do initialization for components when the entity has been created? How to store this in the template? I have thought about having a function in the template that is virtual and after entity is created an populated, gets the components and sets initialization values. 3) Don't you think this is a lot of work for just an entity creation?. Sorry for the long post, I have tried to expose my ideas and finding in order other could have a start beside exposing my problems. Thanks in advance, Notbad.

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  • What is the recommended library for using Lua from C++?

    - by DevilWithin
    I am currently planning how to integrate Lua scripting in my 2D Game Engine, and i would like to go straight to the most adequate solution for having C++ classes and objects exposed. I've read this (if it helps you help): http://lua-users.org/wiki/BindingCodeToLua If you have a better scripting language to recomend, go for it ;D All help is welcome, i need to pickup the best solution to start implementing Thanks

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  • Why are my scene's depth values not being written to my DepthStencilView?

    - by dotminic
    I'm rendering to a depth map in order to use it as a shader resource view, but when I sample the depth map in my shader, the red component has a value of 1 while all other channels have a value of 0. The Texture2D I use to create the DepthStencilView is bound with the D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL | D3D11_BIND_SHADER_RESOURCE flags, the DepthStencilView has the DXGI_FORMAT_D32_FLOAT format, and the ShaderResourceView's format is D3D11_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D. I'm setting the depth map render target, then i'm drawing my scene, and once that is done, I'm the back buffer render target and depth stencil are set on the output merger, and I'm using the depth map shader resource view as a texture in my shader, but the depth value in the red channel is constantly 1. I'm not getting any runtime errors from D3D, and no compile time warning or anything. I'm not sure what I'm missing here at all. I have the impression the depth value is always being set to 1. I have not set any depth/stencil states, and AFAICT depth writing is enabled by default. The geometry is being rendered correctly so I'm pretty sure depth writing is enabled. The device is created with the appropriate debug flags; #if defined(DEBUG) || defined(_DEBUG) deviceFlags |= D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG | D3D11_RLDO_DETAIL; #endif This is how I create my depth map. I've omitted error checking for the sake of brevity D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC td; td.Width = width; td.Height = height; td.MipLevels = 1; td.ArraySize = 1; td.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R32_TYPELESS; td.SampleDesc.Count = 1; td.SampleDesc.Quality = 0; td.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; td.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL | D3D11_BIND_SHADER_RESOURCE; td.CPUAccessFlags = 0; td.MiscFlags = 0; _device->CreateTexture2D(&texDesc, 0, &this->_depthMap); D3D11_DEPTH_STENCIL_VIEW_DESC dsvd; ZeroMemory(&dsvd, sizeof(dsvd)); dsvd.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D32_FLOAT; dsvd.ViewDimension = D3D11_DSV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D; dsvd.Texture2D.MipSlice = 0; _device->CreateDepthStencilView(this->_depthMap, &dsvd, &this->_dmapDSV); D3D11_SHADER_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC srvd; srvd.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT; srvd.ViewDimension = D3D11_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D; srvd.Texture2D.MipLevels = texDesc.MipLevels; srvd.Texture2D.MostDetailedMip = 0; _device->CreateShaderResourceView(this->_depthMap, &srvd, &this->_dmapSRV);

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  • What is going on in this SAT/vector projection code?

    - by ssb
    I'm looking at the example XNA SAT collision code presented here: http://www.xnadevelopment.com/tutorials/rotatedrectanglecollisions/rotatedrectanglecollisions.shtml See the following code: private int GenerateScalar(Vector2 theRectangleCorner, Vector2 theAxis) { //Using the formula for Vector projection. Take the corner being passed in //and project it onto the given Axis float aNumerator = (theRectangleCorner.X * theAxis.X) + (theRectangleCorner.Y * theAxis.Y); float aDenominator = (theAxis.X * theAxis.X) + (theAxis.Y * theAxis.Y); float aDivisionResult = aNumerator / aDenominator; Vector2 aCornerProjected = new Vector2(aDivisionResult * theAxis.X, aDivisionResult * theAxis.Y); //Now that we have our projected Vector, calculate a scalar of that projection //that can be used to more easily do comparisons float aScalar = (theAxis.X * aCornerProjected.X) + (theAxis.Y * aCornerProjected.Y); return (int)aScalar; } I think the problems I'm having with this come mostly from translating physics concepts into data structures. For example, earlier in the code there is a calculation of the axes to be used, and these are stored as Vector2, and they are found by subtracting one point from another, however these points are also stored as Vector2s. So are the axes being stored as slopes in a single Vector2? Next, what exactly does the Vector2 produced by the vector projection code represent? That is, I know it represents the projected vector, but as it pertains to a Vector2, what does this represent? A point on a line? Finally, what does the scalar at the end actually represent? It's fine to tell me that you're getting a scalar value of the projected vector, but none of the information I can find online seems to tell me about a scalar of a vector as it's used in this context. I don't see angles or magnitudes with these vectors so I'm a little disoriented when it comes to thinking in terms of physics. If this final scalar calculation is just a dot product, how is that directly applicable to SAT from here on? Is this what I use to calculate maximum/minimum values for overlap? I guess I'm just having trouble figuring out exactly what the dot product is representing in this particular context. Clearly I'm not quite up to date on my elementary physics, but any explanations would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Complete Beginner to Game Programming and Unreal Engine 4, Looking For Advice [on hold]

    - by onemic
    I am currently a 2nd year programming student(Just finished my first year so I will be starting my second year in September) and have mainly learned C and C++ in my classes. In terms of what I know of C++, I know about general inheritance, polymorphism, overloading operators, iterators, a little bit about templates(only class and function templates) etc. but not of the more advanced topics like linked lists and other sequential containers(containers in general I guess), enumerations, most of the standard library(other than like strings and vectors), and probably a bunch of other stuff I dont even know about yet. I subscribed to Unreal Engine 4 as I was very intrigued by their Unreal Tournament announcement earlier this month, especially after hearing that UE4 is going completely C++. Of course my end goal in doing this programming program is to eventually go into game/graphics programming. Since it's my summer off, I thought what better way then to actually apply some of my skills to a personal project so I actually have a firmer understanding of C++ past what my professors tell me. My questions are this: What would be the best way to start off making a small personal game in UE4 as a project for the summer? What should I be aiming for, especially for someone that is still learning C++? Should I focus on making a simple 2D game rather than a 3D one to get started? Seeing the Flappy Chicken showcase intrigued me because before I thought the UE engine was pretty much pigeonholed into being for FPS games What should my expectations be going into UE4 and a game engine for the first time?(UE4 will be my first foray into making a game) What can I expect to gain from making things in UE4, in terms of making games and in terms of further fleshing out my knowledge of C++? Would you recommend I start off 100% using C++ for scripting or using the visual blueprints? Since I'm not a designer, how would I be able to add objects and designs to my game? For someone at my level is retaining the UE4 subscription worth it or is it better to cancel and resub when I learn enough about UE4 and C++? Lastly is there anything to be gained in terms of knowledge/insight through me looking at the source code for UE4? I opened it in VS2013, but noticed that most of the files were C# files and not cpp's. Thanks in advance for taking the time to answer.

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  • Calculating distance from viewer to object in a shader

    - by Jay
    Good morning, I'm working through creating the spherical billboards technique outlined in this paper. I'm trying to create a shader that calculates the distance from the camera to all objects in the scene and stores the results in a texture. I keep getting either a completely black or white texture. Here are my questions: I assume the position that's automatically sent to the vertex shader from ogre is in object space? The gpu interpolates the output position from the vertex shader when it sends it to the fragment shader. Does it do the same for my depth calculation or do I need to move that calculation to the fragment shader? Is there a way to debug shaders? I have no errors but I'm not sure I'm getting my parameters passed into the shaders correctly. Here's my shader code: void DepthVertexShader( float4 position : POSITION, uniform float4x4 worldViewProjMatrix, uniform float3 eyePosition, out float4 outPosition : POSITION, out float Depth ) { // position is in object space // outPosition is in camera space outPosition = mul( worldViewProjMatrix, position ); // calculate distance from camera to vertex Depth = length( eyePosition - position ); } void DepthFragmentShader( float Depth : TEXCOORD0, uniform float fNear, uniform float fFar, out float4 outColor : COLOR ) { // clamp output using clip planes float fColor = 1.0 - smoothstep( fNear, fFar, Depth ); outColor = float4( fColor, fColor, fColor, 1.0 ); } fNear is the near clip plane for the scene fFar is the far clip plane for the scene

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  • iOS + cocos2d: how to account for sprite's position for the different device dimensions in an universal app?

    - by fuzzlog
    All the questions I've seen regarding iOS universal apps (with or without cocos2d) deal with the "how to add graphics to a universal app". My question is, how does the code need to be written to ensure that the sprites appear appropriately on the screen (given that an iPhone 5's resolution is not proportional to an iPad's resolution)? Is it just a bunch of "if" statements and duplicate code or do iOS/cocos2d provide common function calls that will place the sprites at an appropriate position?

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  • Question on methods in Object Oriented Programming

    - by mal
    I’m learning Java at the minute (first language), and as a project I’m looking at developing a simple puzzle game. My question relates to the methods within a class. I have my Block type class; it has its many attributes, set methods, get methods and just plain methods. There are quite a few. Then I have my main board class. At the moment it does most of the logic, positioning of sprites collision detection and then draws the sprites etc... As I am learning to program as much as I’m learning to program games I’m curious to know how much code is typically acceptable within a given method. Is there such thing as having too many methods? All my draw functionality happens in one method, should I break this into a few ‘sub’ methods? My thinking is if I find at a later stage that the for loop I’m using to cycle through the array of sprites searching for collisions in the spriteCollision() method is inefficient I code a new method and just replace the old method calls with the new one, leaving the old code intact. Is it bad practice to have a method that contains one if statement, and place the call for that method in the for loop? I’m very much in the early stages of coding/designing and I need all the help I can get! I find it a little intimidating when people are talking about throwing together a prototype in a day too! Can’t wait until I’m that good!

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  • Square game map rendered as sphere with OpenGL

    - by Roflha
    Okay so I have been trying to find a good way to do this for a while now and so far I have nothing. For a hobby project of mine I have created a finite voxel world (similar to minecraft), but as I said, mine is finite. When you reach the edge of it, you are sent to the other side. That is all working fine along with rendering the far side of the map, but I want to be able to render this grid as a sphere. Looking down from above, the world is a square. I basically want to be able to represent a portion of that square as a sphere, as if you were looking at a planet. Right now I am experimenting with taking a circular section of the map, and rendering that, but it look to flat (no curvature around the edges). My question then, is what would be the best way to add some curvature to the edges of a 2d circle to make it look like a hemisphere. However, I am not overly attached to this implementation so if somebody has some other idea for representing the square as a planet, I am all ears.

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  • Procedural Planets, Heightmaps and Textures

    - by henryprescott
    I am currently working on an OpenGL procedural planet generator. I hope to use it for a space RPG, that will not allow players to go down to the surface of a planet so I have ignored anything ROAM related. At the momement I am drawing a cube with VBOs and mapping onto a sphere. I am familiar with most fractal heightmap generating techniques and have already implemented my own version of midpoint displacement(not that useful in this case I know). My question is, what is the best way to procedurally generate the heightmap. I have looked at libnoise which allows me to make tilable heightmaps/textures, but as far as I can see I would need to generate a net like this. Leaving the tiling obvious. Could anyone advise me on the best route to take? Any input would be much appreciated. Thanks, Henry.

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  • Accounting for waves when doing planar reflections

    - by CloseReflector
    I've been studying Nvidia's examples from the SDK, in particular the Island11 project and I've found something curious about a piece of HLSL code which corrects the reflections up and down depending on the state of the wave's height. Naturally, after examining the brief paragraph of code: // calculating correction that shifts reflection up/down according to water wave Y position float4 projected_waveheight = mul(float4(input.positionWS.x,input.positionWS.y,input.positionWS.z,1),g_ModelViewProjectionMatrix); float waveheight_correction=-0.5*projected_waveheight.y/projected_waveheight.w; projected_waveheight = mul(float4(input.positionWS.x,-0.8,input.positionWS.z,1),g_ModelViewProjectionMatrix); waveheight_correction+=0.5*projected_waveheight.y/projected_waveheight.w; reflection_disturbance.y=max(-0.15,waveheight_correction+reflection_disturbance.y); My first guess was that it compensates for the planar reflection when it is subjected to vertical perturbation (the waves), shifting the reflected geometry to a point where is nothing and the water is just rendered as if there is nothing there or just the sky: Now, that's the sky reflecting where we should see the terrain's green/grey/yellowish reflection lerped with the water's baseline. My problem is now that I cannot really pinpoint what is the logic behind it. Projecting the actual world space position of a point of the wave/water geometry and then multiplying by -.5f, only to take another projection of the same point, this time with its y coordinate changed to -0.8 (why -0.8?). Clues in the code seem to indicate it was derived with trial and error because there is redundancy. For example, the author takes the negative half of the projected y coordinate (after the w divide): float waveheight_correction=-0.5*projected_waveheight.y/projected_waveheight.w; And then does the same for the second point (only positive, to get a difference of some sort, I presume) and combines them: waveheight_correction+=0.5*projected_waveheight.y/projected_waveheight.w; By removing the divide by 2, I see no difference in quality improvement (if someone cares to correct me, please do). The crux of it seems to be the difference in the projected y, why is that? This redundancy and the seemingly arbitrary selection of -.8f and -0.15f lead me to conclude that this might be a combination of heuristics/guess work. Is there a logical underpinning to this or is it just a desperate hack? Here is an exaggeration of the initial problem which the code fragment fixes, observe on the lowest tessellation level. Hopefully, it might spark an idea I'm missing. The -.8f might be a reference height from which to deduce how much to disturb the texture coordinate sampling the planarly reflected geometry render and -.15f might be the lower bound, a security measure.

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  • Lerping to a center point while in motion

    - by Fibericon
    I have an enemy that initially flies in a circular motion, while facing away from the center point. This is how I achieve that: position.Y = (float)(Math.Cos(timeAlive * MathHelper.PiOver4) * radius + origin.Y); position.X = (float)(Math.Sin(timeAlive * MathHelper.PiOver4) * radius + origin.X); if (timeAlive < 5) { angle = (float)Math.Atan((0 - position.X) / (0 - position.Y)); if (0 < position.Y) RotationMatrix = Matrix.CreateRotationX(MathHelper.PiOver2) * Matrix.CreateRotationZ(-1 * angle); else RotationMatrix = Matrix.CreateRotationX(MathHelper.PiOver2) * Matrix.CreateRotationZ(MathHelper.Pi - angle); } That part works just fine. After five seconds of this, I want the enemy to turn inward, facing the center point. However, I've been trying to lerp to that point, since I don't want it to simply jump to the new rotation. Here's my code for trying to do that: else { float newAngle = -1 * (float)Math.Atan((0 - position.X) / (0 - position.Y)); angle = MathHelper.Lerp(angle, newAngle, (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Milliseconds / 1000); if (0 < position.Y) RotationMatrix = Matrix.CreateRotationX(MathHelper.PiOver2) * Matrix.CreateRotationZ(MathHelper.Pi - angle); else RotationMatrix = Matrix.CreateRotationX(MathHelper.PiOver2) * Matrix.CreateRotationZ(-1 * angle); } That doesn't work so fine. It seems like it's going to at first, but then it just sort of skips around. How can I achieve what I want here?

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  • Whole continent simulation [on hold]

    - by user2309021
    Let's suppose I am planning to create a simulation of an entire continent at some point in the past (let's say, around 0 A.D). Is it feasible to spawn a hundred million actors that interact with each other and their environments? Having them reproduce, extract resources, etc? The fact is that I actually want to create a simulation that allows me to zoom in from a view of the entire continent up to a single village, and interact with it. (Think as if you could keep zooming in the campaign map of any Total War game and the transition to the battle map was seamless, not a change of the "game mode"). By the way, I have never made a game in my entire life (I have programmed normal desktop applications, though), so I am really having trouble wrapping my head around how to implement such a thing. Even while thinking about how to implement a simple population simulator, without a graphical interface, I think that the O(n) complexity of traversing an array and telling all people to get one year older each time the program ticks is kind of stupid. Any kind help would be greatly appreciated :) EDIT: After being put on hold, I shall specify a question. How would you implement a simulation of all basic human dynamics (reproduction, resource consumption) in an entire continent (with millions of people)?

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  • Increasing efficiency of N-Body gravity simulation

    - by Postman
    I'm making a space exploration type game, it will have many planets and other objects that will all have realistic gravity. I currently have a system in place that works, but if the number of planets goes above 70, the FPS decreases an practically exponential rates. I'm making it in C# and XNA. My guess is that I should be able to do gravity calculations between 100 objects without this kind of strain, so clearly my method is not as efficient as it should be. I have two files, Gravity.cs and EntityEngine.cs. Gravity manages JUST the gravity calculations, EntityEngine creates an instance of Gravity and runs it, along with other entity related methods. EntityEngine.cs public void Update() { foreach (KeyValuePair<string, Entity> e in Entities) { e.Value.Update(); } gravity.Update(); } (Only relevant piece of code from EntityEngine, self explanatory. When an instance of Gravity is made in entityEngine, it passes itself (this) into it, so that gravity can have access to entityEngine.Entities (a dictionary of all planet objects)) Gravity.cs namespace ExplorationEngine { public class Gravity { private EntityEngine entityEngine; private Vector2 Force; private Vector2 VecForce; private float distance; private float mult; public Gravity(EntityEngine e) { entityEngine = e; } public void Update() { //First loop foreach (KeyValuePair<string, Entity> e in entityEngine.Entities) { //Reset the force vector Force = new Vector2(); //Second loop foreach (KeyValuePair<string, Entity> e2 in entityEngine.Entities) { //Make sure the second value is not the current value from the first loop if (e2.Value != e.Value ) { //Find the distance between the two objects. Because Fg = G * ((M1 * M2) / r^2), using Vector2.Distance() and then squaring it //is pointless and inefficient because distance uses a sqrt, squaring the result simple cancels that sqrt. distance = Vector2.DistanceSquared(e2.Value.Position, e.Value.Position); //This makes sure that two planets do not attract eachother if they are touching, completely unnecessary when I add collision, //For now it just makes it so that the planets are not glitchy, performance is not significantly improved by removing this IF if (Math.Sqrt(distance) > (e.Value.Texture.Width / 2 + e2.Value.Texture.Width / 2)) { //Calculate the magnitude of Fg (I'm using my own gravitational constant (G) for the sake of time (I know it's 1 at the moment, but I've been changing it) mult = 1.0f * ((e.Value.Mass * e2.Value.Mass) / distance); //Calculate the direction of the force, simply subtracting the positions and normalizing works, this fixes diagonal vectors //from having a larger value, and basically makes VecForce a direction. VecForce = e2.Value.Position - e.Value.Position; VecForce.Normalize(); //Add the vector for each planet in the second loop to a force var. Force = Vector2.Add(Force, VecForce * mult); //I have tried Force += VecForce * mult, and have not noticed much of an increase in speed. } } } //Add that force to the first loop's planet's position (later on I'll instead add to acceleration, to account for inertia) e.Value.Position += Force; } } } } I have used various tips (about gravity optimizing, not threading) from THIS question (that I made yesterday). I've made this gravity method (Gravity.Update) as efficient as I know how to make it. This O(N^2) algorithm still seems to be eating up all of my CPU power though. Here is a LINK (google drive, go to File download, keep .Exe with the content folder, you will need XNA Framework 4.0 Redist. if you don't already have it) to the current version of my game. Left click makes a planet, right click removes the last planet. Mouse moves the camera, scroll wheel zooms in and out. Watch the FPS and Planet Count to see what I mean about performance issues past 70 planets. (ALL 70 planets must be moving, I've had 100 stationary planets and only 5 or so moving ones while still having 300 fps, the issue arises when 70+ are moving around) After 70 planets are made, performance tanks exponentially. With < 70 planets, I get 330 fps (I have it capped at 300). At 90 planets, the FPS is about 2, more than that and it sticks around at 0 FPS. Strangely enough, when all planets are stationary, the FPS climbs back up to around 300, but as soon as something moves, it goes right back down to what it was, I have no systems in place to make this happen, it just does. I considered multithreading, but that previous question I asked taught me a thing or two, and I see now that that's not a viable option. I've also thought maybe I could do the calculations on my GPU instead, though I don't think it should be necessary. I also do not know how to do this, it is not a simple concept and I want to avoid it unless someone knows a really noob friendly simple way to do it that will work for an n-body gravity calculation. (I have an NVidia gtx 660) Lastly I've considered using a quadtree type system. (Barnes Hut simulation) I've been told (in the previous question) that this is a good method that is commonly used, and it seems logical and straightforward, however the implementation is way over my head and I haven't found a good tutorial for C# yet that explains it in a way I can understand, or uses code I can eventually figure out. So my question is this: How can I make my gravity method more efficient, allowing me to use more than 100 objects (I can render 1000 planets with constant 300+ FPS without gravity calculations), and if I can't do much to improve performance (including some kind of quadtree system), could I use my GPU to do the calculations?

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  • What's the best way to add some particle or laser effects to an already animated character?

    - by Scott
    I just purchased some rigged and animated robot characters from 3drt for a game I'm making in unity. I would like to be able to add some weapon effects to the characters. For example, I would like for the robots to be able to shot lasers out of the hands at enemies. I have know idea where to even start with this task as I'm more of a programmer than a graphics guy. Can some experienced developers / designers please point me in a good direction? Thanks. Note: As of right now I have maya and blender installed on my computer.

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  • How does a single programmer make a game?

    - by Mike
    I have always been a software developer, but lately I've been wanting to get into games. The only thing stopping me is the fact that I'm a programmer, not an artist. I've made some simple stuff, Tetris, 2D chess things like that but I can't do much art and that's really what holds me back. Now the problem is, I've yet to go to college so most commercial projects wouldn't accept me even to work for free and learn a bit especially with my lack of experience in games and any indie projects I've looked into really have an issue with responding to people interested, or actually completing (or starting really, most don't get past the ideas on paper) the project they want to do. I've looked around locally for artists, anyone who can do modeling, textures or animating or even anyone with some ability to make some more advanced 2D assets to get something like a side-scrolling RPG or something but haven't been able to find anyone. So how do you guys do it? Do I really just have to wait until I can go to college to see if I like working with games or is there some way I can get art (for free, anything I do is just going to be for fun so I don't want to have to sink money into it) and just start messing around on my own? Or am I just having bad luck and not looking in the right places for other people interested in having me help? I'm not looking for anything in particular, just something to fill some time with and see if I like making games. If not, well I'll go back to my software projects. I just have one more year of highschool and I'd like to try a few different areas before I go to college.

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  • Maya is lagging in a specific way...?

    - by Aerovistae
    My Maya installation worked perfectly. It is not my computer. Something caused it to stop working overnight, somehow. When I try to drag a vertex or something like that, it moves the vertex, but then I have to click like 3 times somewhere outside the mesh before the actual mesh will catch up and follow the vertex. Until I do that, it just stays as it was, with a floating vertex somewhere inside it or outside it. It makes modeling borderline impossible and completely infuriating. What ought to be happening is what we're all used to-- as I move the vertex, the mesh follows it actively, so I can see what it looks like at every given moment until I release the vertex in its new position. Other weird thing: this only applies to complex meshes, like a couple thousand faces. A simple cube works fine. What gives?? Anybody?

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