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• How to update entity states and animations in a component-based game

  - by mivic

  I'm trying to design a component-based entity system for learning purposes (and later use on some games) and I'm having some troubles when it comes to updating entity states. I don't want to have an update() method inside the Component to prevent dependencies between Components. What I currently have in mind is that components hold data and systems update components. So, if I have a simple 2D game with some entities (e.g. player, enemy1, enemy 2) that have Transform, Movement, State, Animation and Rendering components I think I should have: A MovementSystem that moves all the Movement components and updates the State components And a RenderSystem that updates the Animation components (the animation component should have one animation (i.e. a set of frames/textures) for each state and updating it means selecting the animation corresponding to the current state (e.g. jumping, moving_left, etc), and updating the frame index). Then, the RenderSystem updates the Render components with the texture corresponding to the current frame of each entity's Animation and renders everything on screen. I've seen some implementations like Artemis framework, but I don't know how to solve this situation: Let's say that my game has the following entities. Each entity have a set of states and one animation for each state: player: "idle", "moving_right", "jumping" enemy1: "moving_up", "moving_down" enemy2: "moving_left", "moving_right" What are the most accepted approaches in order to update the current state of each entity? The only thing that I can think of is having separate systems for each group of entities and separate State and Animation components so I would have PlayerState, PlayerAnimation, Enemy1State, Enemy1Animation... PlayerMovementSystem, PlayerRenderingSystem... but I think this is a bad solution and breaks the purpose of having a component-based system. As you can see, I'm quite lost here, so I'd very much appreciate any help.

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• Implementing a FSM with ActionScript 2 without using classes?

  - by Up2u

  I have seen several references of A.I. and FSM, but sadly I still can't understand the point of an FSM in AS2.0. Is it a must to create a class for each state? I have a game-project which also it has an A.I., the A.I. has 3 states: distanceCheck, ChaseTarget, and Hit the target. It's an FPS game and played via mouse. I have created the A.I. successfully, but I want to convert it to FSM method... My first state is CheckDistanceState() and in that function I look for the nearest target and trigger the function ChaseState(), there I insert the Hit() function to destroy the enemy, The 3 functions that I created are being called in AI_cursor.onEnterframe. Is there any chance to implement an FSM without the need to create a class? From what I've read before, you have to create a class. I prefer to write the code on frames in flash and I still don't understand how to have external classes.

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• Everything turning black when pitching down

  - by Gordon

  Just a quick questions about something that's occurring in my world. Every time I pitch my camera downward, everything starts turning black, and if I pitch upward, everything sort of intensifies. I'm multiplying my normals by the normal matrix in the shader, and I'm multiplying my lights direction by the model view matrix. If I leave the normal and light dir in world space everything ends up fine. I thought putting them both in view space would not cause those weird things to happen?

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• Collision detection code style

  - by Marian Ivanov

  Not only there are two useful broad-phase algorithms and a lot of useful narrowphase algorithms, there are also multiple code styles. Arrays vs. calling Make an array of broadphase checks, then filter them with narrowphase checks, then resolve them. function resolveCollisions(thingyStructure * a,thingyStructure * b,int index){ possibleCollisions = getPossibleCollisions(b,a->get(index)); for(i=0; i<possibleCollitionsNumber; i++){ if(narrowphase(possibleCollisions[i],a[index])) { collisions->push(possibleCollisions[i]); }; }; for(i=0; i<collitionsNumber; i++){ //CODE FOR RESOLUTION }; }; Make the broadphase call the narrowphase, and the narrowphase call the resolution function resolveCollisions(thingyStructure * a,thingyStructure * b,int index){ broadphase(b,a->get(index)); }; function broadphase(thingy * with, thingy * what){ while(blah){ //blahcode narrowphase(what,collidingThing); }; }; Events vs. in-the-loop Fire an event. This abstracts the check away, but it's trickier to make an equal interaction. a[index] -> collisionEvent(eventdata); //much later int collisionEvent(eventdata){ //resolution gets here } Resolve the collision inside the loop. This glues narrowphase and resolution into one layer. if(narrowphase(possibleCollisions[i],a[index])) { //CODE GOES HERE }; The questions are: Which of the first two is better, and how am I supposed to make a zero-sum Newtonian interaction under B1.

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• Deferred Rendering With Diffuse,Specular, and Normal maps

  - by John

  I have been reading up on deferred rendering and I am trying to implement a renderer using the Sponza atrium model, which can be found here, as my sandbox.Note I am also using OpenGL 3.3 and GLSL. I am loading the model from a Wavefront OBJ file using Assimp. I extract all geometry information including tangents and bitangents. For all the aiMaterials,I extract the following information which essentially comes from the sponza.mtl file. Ambient/Diffuse/Specular/Emissive Reflectivity Coefficients(Ka,Kd,Ks,Ke) Shininess Diffuse Map Specular Map Normal Map I understand that I must render vertex attributes such as position ,normals,texture coordinates to textures as well as depth for the second render pass. A lot of resources mention putting colour information into a g-buffer in the initial render pass but do you not require the diffuse,specular and normal maps and therefore lights to determine the fragment colour? I know that doesnt make since sense because lighting should be done in the second render pass. In terms of normal mapping, do you essentially just pass the tangent,bitangents, and normals into g-buffers and then construct the tangent matrix and apply it to the sampled normal from the normal map. Ultimately, I would like to know how to incorporate this material information into my deferred renderer.

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• How can I transform a Point2f with a matrix on Android?

  - by Vivendi

  I'm developing for Android and I'm using the android.renderscript.Matrix3f class to do some calculations. What I need to do now is to now is to do something like mat.tranform(pointIn, pointOut); So I need to transform a matrix by a given Point class. In awt I would simply do this: AffineTransform t = new AffineTransform(); Point2D.Float p = new Point2D.Float(); t.transform( p, p ); But in Android I now have this: Matrix3f t = new Matrix3f(); PointF p = new PointF(); // Now I need to tranform it somehow.. But the Matrix3f class in Android doesn't have a Matrix.transform(Point2D ptSrc, Point2D ptDst) method. So I guess I have to do the transformation manually. But I'm not really sure how that works. From what I've seen it's something like a translate and then a rotate? Could anyone please tell me how to do this in code?

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• XNA C# Rectangle Intersect Ball on a Square

  - by user2436057

  I made a Game like Peggle Deluxe using C# and XNA for lerning. I have 2 rectangles a ball and a square field. The ball gets shoot out with a cannon and if the Ball hits the Square the Square disapears and the Ball flys away.But the Ball doesent spring of realistically, it sometimes flys away in a different direction or gets stuck on the edge. Thads my Code at the moment: public void Update(Ball b, Deadline dl) { ArrayList listToDelete = new ArrayList(); foreach (Field aField in allFields) { if (aField.square.Intersects(b.ballhere)) { listToDelete.Add(aField); Punkte = Punkte + 100; float distanceX = Math.Abs(b.ballhere.X - aField.square.X); float distanceY = Math.Abs(b.ballhere.Y - aField.square.Y); if (distanceX < distanceY) { b.myMovement.X = -b.myMovement.X; } else { b.myMovement.Y = -b.myMovement.Y; } } } It changes the X or Y axis depending on how the ball hits the Square but not everytimes. What could cause the problem? Thanks for your answer. Greetings from Switzerland.

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• 2D shader to draw representation of rotating sphere.

  - by TheBigO

  I want to display a 3D textured sphere, and then rotate it in one direction. The direction will never change, and the camera will never move. One way is to actually create a spherical mesh, map a texture to it, rotate the sphere, and render in 3D. My question is, is there a way to display a 2D circle, that looks like a rotating sphere, with just a 2D shader. In other words, can someone think of a trick, like mapping a texture to the circle in a particular way, to give the appearance of an in-place rotating sphere, that is always viewed from the side? I don't need exact shader code, I'm just looking for the right idea.

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• Automatically zoom out the camera to show all players (XNA)

  - by user36159

  I am building a game in XNA that takes place in a rectangular arena. The game is multiplayer and each player may go where they like within the arena. The camera is a persepective camera that looks directly downwards. The camera should be automatically repositioned based on the game state. Currently, the xy position is a weighted sum of the xy positions of important entities. I would like the camera's z position to be calculated from the xy coordinates so that it zooms out to the point where all important entities are visible. My current approach is to: hw = the greatest x distance from the camera to an important entity hh = the greatest y distance from the camera to an important entity Calculate z = max(hw / tan(FoVx), hh / tan(FoVy)) My code seems to almost work as it should, but the resulting z values are always too low by a factor of about 4. Any ideas?

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• Interactive Fiction engine and Tech Support - has anyone done this? [on hold]

  - by Larry G. Wapnitsky

  I've always been a big fan of Interactive Fiction and have been wanting to try my hand at it for a while. I have a need to create a decision tree for my tech support group (L1-L3) and feel as though presenting a decision tree in the form of an IF game would be rather interesting and helpful. I plan on using Inform7, but am curious if anyone has done anything like this in the past. If so, can you present examples, links to examples, opinions? Thanks, Larry

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• OpenGL ES 2.0 example for JOGL

  - by fjdutoit

  I've scoured the internet for the last few hours looking for an example of how to run even the most basic OpenGL ES 2 example using JOGL but "by Jupiter!" it has been a total fail. I tried converting the android example from the OpenGL ES 2.0 Programming Guide examples (and at the same time looking at the WebGL example -- which worked fine) yet without any success. Are there any examples out there? If anyone else wants some extra help regarding this question see this thread on the official Jogamp forum.

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• How can I resolve component types in a way that supports adding new types relatively easily?

  - by John

  I am trying to build an Entity Component System for an interactive application developed using C++ and OpenGL. My question is quite simple. In my GameObject class I have a collection of Components. I can add and retrieve components. class GameObject: public Object { public: GameObject(std::string objectName); ~GameObject(void); Component * AddComponent(std::string name); Component * AddComponent(Component componentType); Component * GetComponent (std::string TypeName); Component * GetComponent (<Component Type Here>); private: std::map<std::string,Component*> m_components; }; I will have a collection of components that inherit from the base Components class. So if I have a meshRenderer component and would like to do the following GameObject * warship = new GameObject("myLovelyWarship"); MeshRenderer * meshRenderer = warship->AddComponent(MeshRenderer); or possibly MeshRenderer * meshRenderer = warship->AddComponent("MeshRenderer"); I could be make a Component Factory like this: class ComponentFactory { public: static Component * CreateComponent(const std::string &compTyp) { if(compTyp == "MeshRenderer") return new MeshRenderer; if(compTyp == "Collider") return new Collider; return NULL; } }; However, I feel like I should not have to keep updating the Component Factory every time I want to create a new custom Component but it is an option. Is there a more proper way to add and retrieve these components? Is standard templates another solution?

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• Texturize a shape of multiple triangles in 2D

  - by Deukalion

  This is an example of a shape consisting of multiple points, triangles and eventually a shape: Red Dots = Vector3 (X, Y, Z) or Vector2 (X, Y) If I have a Texture of a certain size, how do I texturize this area in the best way so that the texture inside the shape matches the shape and does not overlap anywhere? Perhaps also with a chance to scale the texture in case it's too small or to big for the shape, but still so that it gets rendered correctly. Do I treat the shape as a rectangle? Figure out it's 4 corners? Or do I calculate the distance between Center - (Texture Width / 2) and Point (to see how "many" times the texture can fit between on that axis to estimate at what Coordinates the Texture should be at that certain point? I've looked at Texture Mapping but haven't found any concrete examples that it explains it well, it's also confusing with 0.0-1.0 values for Texture Coordinates.

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• How to effectively gather info about how players play my HTML5 game?

  - by Bane

  I'm finishing another HTML5 game, and this time I'd like to do some spying business on the players... Mostly just basic stuff: when they are playing, for how long, what upgrades they are buying the most and so on. Now, my first idea was just to collect this information during the gameplay, and then have a Javascript function fire when they close the tab/browser, and said function would send it to my server via Socket.io. This, of course, wouldn't work, because anyone who takes a look at the code would realize it and could start sending a tonne of false info which would mess up my statistics. Questions: Is there a way to effectively do this? If yes, what kind of info should I be looking for, aside from stuff I already mentioned?

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• Problem with Ogre::Camera lookAt function when target is directly below.

  - by PigBen

  I am trying to make a class which controls a camera. It's pretty basic right now, it looks like this: class HoveringCameraController { public: void init(Ogre::Camera & camera, AnimatedBody & target, Ogre::Real height); void update(Ogre::Real time_delta); private: Ogre::Camera * camera_; AnimatedBody * target_; Ogre::Real height_; }; HoveringCameraController.cpp void HoveringCameraController::init(Ogre::Camera & camera, AnimatedBody & target, Ogre::Real height) { camera_ = &camera; target_ = &target; height_ = height; update(0.0); } void HoveringCameraController::update(Ogre::Real time_delta) { auto position = target_->getPosition(); position.y += height_; camera_->setPosition(position); camera_->lookAt(target_->getPosition()); } AnimatedBody is just a class that encapsulates an entity, it's animations and a scene node. The getPosition function is simply forwarded to it's scene node. What I want(for now) is for the camera to simply follow the AnimatedBody overhead at the distance given(the height parameter), and look down at it. It follows the object around, but it doesn't look straight down, it's tilted quite a bit in the positive Z direction. Does anybody have any idea why it would do that? If I change this line: position.y += height_; to this: position.x += height_; or this: position.z += height_; it does exactly what I would expect. It follows the object from the side or front, and looks directly at it.

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• Where is a good spot to start when writing a LWJGL game engine?

  - by Alcionic

  I'm starting work on a huge game and somewhere along my train of thought I decided it would be a good idea to write my own engine for the game. I was originally going to use JMonkeyEngine but there were some things about it that just didn't work well with me. I wanted full control over every aspect of the entire process. Where would a good place to start be when writing your own engine? I have no experience with LWJGL but I learn quick. Either advice or some place where there is good advice would be nice. Thanks!

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• XNA Moddable Game - Architecture Design and Reflection

  - by David K

  I've decided to embark on an XNA moddable game project of a simple rogue style. For all purposes of this question, I'm going to not be using a scripting engine, but rather allow modders to directly compile assemblies that are loaded by the game at run time. I know about the security problems this may raise. So in order to expose the moddable content, I have gone about creating a generic project in XNA called MyModel. This contains a number of interfaces that all inherit from IPlugin, such as IGameSystem, IRenderingSystem, IHud, IInputSystem etc. Then I've created another project called MyRogueModel. This references MyModel project, and holds interfaces such as IMonster, IPlayer, IDungeonGenerator, IInventorySystem. More rogue specific interfaces, but again, all interfaces in this project inherit from IPlugin. Then finally, I've created another project called MyRogueGame, that references both MyModel and MyRogueModel projects. This project will be the game that you run and play. Here I have put the actual implementation of the Monster, DungeonGenerator, InputSystem and RenderingSystem classes. This project will also scan the mods directory during run time and load any IPlugins it finds using reflection and override anything it finds from the default. For example if it finds a new implementation of the DungeonGenerator it will use that one instead. Now my question is, in order to get this far, I have effectively 2 projects that contain nothing but interfaces... which seems a little... strange ? For people to create mods for the game, I would give them both the MyModel and MyRogueModel assemblies in which they would reference. I'm not sure whether this is the right way to do it, but my reasoning goes as follows : If I write 1 input system, I can use it in any game I write. If I create 3 rogue like games, and a modder writes 1 rendering system, that modder could use the rendering system for all 3 games, because it all comes from the MyModel project. I come from a more web based C# role, so having empty interface projects doesn't seem wrong, its just something I haven't done before. Before I embark on something that might be crazy, I'd just like to know whether this is a foolish idea and whether there's a better (or established) design principle I should be following ?

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• Calculate gears rotation for a realtime simulation

  - by nkint

  Hi I'm trying to do a game with real time simulations of gears. There is a big Gear with inside a smaller gear. I managed to draw gears with different diameters but equal size teeth, but if i try to move the smaller one inside the bigger one the movement is odd. see the animated gif. the biggest gear is in center C1 and the small in the center C2. I calculate C2 position in this way: C2.x = C1.x + C1_RADIUS-C2_RADIUS) * cos(t); C2.y = C1.y - C1_RADIUS-C2_RADIUS) * sin(t); for t that goes from 0 to TWO_PI in n steps. I apply as rotation the angle t, but maybe it is wrong and i have to calculate another rotation for get a perfect joint

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• 3D Model not translating correctly (visually)

  - by ChocoMan

  In my first image, my model displays correctly: But when I move the model's position along the Z-axis (forward) I get this, yet the Y-axis doesnt change. An if I keep going, the model disappears into the ground: Any suggestions as to how I can get the model to translate properly visually? Here is how Im calling the model and the terrain in draw(): cameraPosition = new Vector3(camX, camY, camZ); // Copy any parent transforms. Matrix[] transforms = new Matrix[mShockwave.Bones.Count]; mShockwave.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(transforms); Matrix[] ttransforms = new Matrix[terrain.Bones.Count]; terrain.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(ttransforms); // Draw the model. A model can have multiple meshes, so loop. foreach (ModelMesh mesh in mShockwave.Meshes) { // This is where the mesh orientation is set, as well // as our camera and projection. foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.PreferPerPixelLighting = true; effect.World = transforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * Matrix.CreateRotationY(modelRotation) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(modelPosition); // Looking at the model (picture shouldnt change other than rotation) effect.View = Matrix.CreateLookAt(cameraPosition, modelPosition, Vector3.Up); effect.Projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView( MathHelper.ToRadians(45.0f), aspectRatio, 1.0f, 10000.0f); effect.TextureEnabled = true; } // Draw the mesh, using the effects set above. prepare3d(); mesh.Draw(); } //Terrain test foreach (ModelMesh meshT in terrain.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in meshT.Effects) { effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.PreferPerPixelLighting = true; effect.World = ttransforms[meshT.ParentBone.Index] * Matrix.CreateRotationY(0) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(terrainPosition); // Looking at the model (picture shouldnt change other than rotation) effect.View = Matrix.CreateLookAt(cameraPosition, terrainPosition, Vector3.Up); effect.Projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView( MathHelper.ToRadians(45.0f), aspectRatio, 1.0f, 10000.0f); effect.TextureEnabled = true; } // Draw the mesh, using the effects set above. prepare3d(); meshT.Draw(); DrawText(); } base.Draw(gameTime); } Im suspecting that there may be something wrong with how I'm handling my camera. The model rotates fine on its Y-axis.

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• Running multiple box2D world objects on a server

  - by CharbelAbdo

  I'm creating a multiplayer game using LibGdx (with Box2d) and Kryonet. Since this is the first time I work on multiplayer games, I read a bit about server - client implementations, and it turns out that the server should handle important tasks like collision detection, hits, characters dying etc... Based on some articles (like the excellent Gabriel Gambetta Fast paced multiplayer series), I also know that the client should work in parallel to avoid the lag while the server responds to commands. Physics wise, each game will have 2 players, and any projectiles fired. What I'm thinking of doing is the following: Create a physics world on the client When the game is signaled to start, I create the same physics world on the server (without any rendering obviously). Whenever the player issues a command (move or fire), I send the command to the server and immediately start processing it on the client. When the server receives the command, it applies it on the server's world (set velocity etc...) Each 100ms, the server sends the new state to the client which corrects what was calculated locally. Any critical action (hit, death, level up) is calculated only on the server and sent to the client. Essentially, I would have a Box2d World object running on the server for each game in progress, in sync with the worlds running on the clients. The alternative would be to do my own calculations on the server instead of relying on Box2D to do them for me, but I'm trying to avoid that. My question is: Is it wise to have, for example, 1000 instances of the World object running and executing steps on the server? Tomcat used around 750 MBytes of memory when trying it without any object added to the world. Anybody tried that before? If not, is there any alternative? Google did not help me, are there any guidelines to use when you want to have physics on both the client and the server? Thanks for any help.

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• Changing State in PlayerControler from PlayerInput

  - by Jeremy Talus

  In my player input I wanna change the the "State" of my player controller but I have some trouble to do it my player input is declared like that : class ResistancePlayerInput extends PlayerInput within ResistancePlayerController config(ResistancePlayerInput); and in my playerControler I have that : class ResistancePlayerController extends GamePlayerController; var name PreviousState; DefaultProperties { CameraClass = class 'ResistanceCamera' //Telling the player controller to use your custom camera script InputClass = class'ResistanceGame.ResistancePlayerInput' DefaultFOV = 90.f //Telling the player controller what the default field of view (FOV) should be } simulated event PostBeginPlay() { Super.PostBeginPlay(); } auto state Walking { event BeginState(name PreviousStateName) { Pawn.GroundSpeed = 200; `log("Player Walking"); } } state Running extends Walking { event BeginState(name PreviousStateName) { Pawn.GroundSpeed = 350; `log("Player Running"); } } state Sprinting extends Walking { event BeginState(name PreviousStateName) { Pawn.GroundSpeed = 800; `log("Player Sprinting"); } } I have tried to use PCOwner.GotoState(); and ResistancePlayerController(PCOwner).GotoState(); but won't work. I have also tried a simple GotoState, and nothing happen how can I call GotoState for the PC Class from my player input ?

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• OpenGL ES 2 on Android: native window

  - by ThreaderSlash

  According to OGLES specification, we have the following definition: EGLSurface eglCreateWindowSurface(EGLDisplay display, EGLConfig config, NativeWindowType native_window, EGLint const * attrib_list) More details, here: http://www.khronos.org/opengles/documentation/opengles1_0/html/eglCreateWindowSurface.html And also by definition: int32_t ANativeWindow_setBuffersGeometry(ANativeWindow* window, int32_t width, int32_t height, int32_t format); More details, here: http://mobilepearls.com/labs/native-android-api I am running Android Native App on OGLES 2 and debugging it in a Samsung Nexus device. For setting up the 3D scene graph environment, the following variables are defined: struct android_app { ... ANativeWindow* window; }; android_app* mApplication; ... mApplication=&pApplication; And to initialize the App, we run the commands in the code: ANativeWindow_setBuffersGeometry(mApplication->window, 0, 0, lFormat); mSurface = eglCreateWindowSurface(mDisplay, lConfig, mApplication->window, NULL); Funny to say is that, the command ANativeWindow_setBuffersGeometry behaves as expected and works fine according to its definition, accepting all the parameters sent to it. But the eglCreateWindowSurface does no accept the parameter mApplication-window, as it should accept according to its definition. Instead, it looks for the following input: EGLNativeWindowType hWnd; mSurface = eglCreateWindowSurface(mDisplay,lConfig,hWnd,NULL); As an alternative, I considered to use instead: NativeWindowType hWnd=android_createDisplaySurface(); But debugger says: Function 'android_createDisplaySurface' could not be resolved Is 'android_createDisplaySurface' compatible only for OGLES 1 and not for OGLES 2? Can someone tell if there is a way to convert mApplication-window? In a way that the data from the android_app get accepted to the window surface?

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• Newton Game Dynamics: Making an object not affect another object

  - by Boreal

  I'm going to be using Newton in my networked action game with Mogre. There will be two "types" of physics object: global and local. Global objects will be kept in sync for everybody; these include the players, projectiles, and other gameplay-related objects. Local objects are purely for effect, like ragdolls, debris, and particles. Is there a way to make the global objects affect the local objects without actually getting affected themselves? I'd like debris to bounce off of a tank, but I don't want the tank to respond in any way.

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• How do I render only part of a texture to a point sprite in OpenGL ES for Android?

  - by nbolton

  Using the libgdx framework, I've figured out how to render a texture to a point sprite. The problem is, it renders the entire texture to the point sprite, where I only want a small part of it (since it's an isometric tile image). Here's a snippet from some demo code I wrote... create() { renderer = new ImmediateModeRenderer(); tiles = Gdx.graphics.newTexture( Gdx.files.internal("data/tiles2.png"), TextureFilter.MipMap, TextureFilter.Linear, TextureWrap.ClampToEdge, TextureWrap.ClampToEdge); Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0.6f, 0.7f, 0.9f, 1); Gdx.gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D); Gdx.gl.glEnable(GL11.GL_POINT_SPRITE_OES); Gdx.gl11.glTexEnvi( GL11.GL_POINT_SPRITE_OES, GL11.GL_COORD_REPLACE_OES, GL11.GL_TRUE); Gdx.gl10.glPointSize(s); tiles.bind(); } render() { Gdx.gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); renderer.begin(GL10.GL_POINTS); // render 3 point sprites at various 3d points renderer.vertex(-.1f, 0, -.1f); renderer.vertex(0, 0, 0); renderer.vertex(.1f, 0, .1f); // ... more vertices here if needed (one for each sprite) ... renderer.end(); }

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• Procedural world generation oriented on gameplay features

  - by Richard Fabian

  In large procedural landscape games, the land seems dull, but that's probably because the real world is largely dull, with only limited places where the scenery is dramatic or tactical. Looking at world generation from this point of view, a landscape generator for a game (that is, not for the sake of scenery, but for the sake of gameplay) needs to not follow the rules of landscaping, but instead some rules married to the expectations of the gamer. For example, there could be a choke point / route generator that creates hills ravines, rivers and mountains between cities, rather than the natural way cities arise, scattered on the land based on resources or conditions generated by the mountains and rainfall patterns. Is there any existing work being done like this? Start with cities or population centres and then add in terrain afterwards? The reason I'm asking is that I'd previously pondered taking existing maps from fantasy fiction (my own and others), putting the information into the system as a base point, and then generating a good world to play in from it. This seems covered by existing technology, that is, where the designer puts in all the necessary information such as the city populations, resources, biomes, road networks and rivers, then allows the PCG fill in the gaps. But now I'm wondering if it may be possible to have a content generator generate also the overall design. Generate the cities and population centres, balancing them so that there is a natural seeming need of commerce, then generate the positions and connectivity, then from the type of city produce the list of necessary resources that must be nearby, and only then, maybe given some rules on how to make the journey between cities both believable and interesting, generate the final content including the roads, the choke points, the bridges and tunnels, ferries and the terrain including the biomes and coastline necessary. If this has been done before, I'd like to know, and would like to know what went wrong, and what went right.

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